S100A14 rs11548103 G>A polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer in a Chinese population

Detection of liver fibrosis stages in patients with hepatitis C virus infection by non-invasive tool

Background

S100A14 is a novel significant individual from S100 proteins family. Its significance is because of its part in tumorigenesis and metastasis process. Elevated level of S100A14 was associated with poor tumor differentiation. A relatively high dose of S100A14 was capable to induce cell injuries. It was discovered that S100A14 is seen at the extracellular medium. S100A14 induces the activation of apoptotic mediators and cell apoptosis. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical response of S100A14 in the detection the stages of liver fibrosis in patients of chronic HCV. ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum S100A14 in both different stages of fibrosis of the liver and control groups, and then, they were noticed together with the results of fibroscan. Other noninvasive markers of fibrosis were calculated such as APRI, AAR, and FIB-4 score.

Results

Protein expression level of S100A14 was positive correlated significantly with stages of fibrosis.

Conclusion

Measurement of serum level of S100A14 is a useful non-invasive marker for detection of the stages of liver fibrosis in patients of chronic HCV. Combinations of measuring S100A14 level to FIB-4 or S100A14 to APRI give a sensitive tool for diagnosing significant fibrosis.

Relationship between rs6715345 Polymorphisms of MIR-375 Gene and rs4939827 of SMAD-7 Gene in Women with Breast Cancer and Healthy Women: A Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND

Today, the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of breast cancer has been established. Genetic mutations play a significant role in determining the risk factors of cancer. The polymorphism of these two genes can alter their expression. This study has been performed to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of rs6715345 of miR-375 gene and rs4939827 of the SMAD7 gene and development of breast cancer in a population in southeastern Iran.

METHODS

This case-control study was performed on the blood sample of 205 patients with breast cancer and 225 healthy individuals for investigating the rs34917480 and rs4939827 polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method. The data were analyzed by t-test, χ2, and logistic regression. The SPSS v18.0 used for data analysis.

RESULTS

The findings of this study indicated that the risk of developing breast cancer does not have a significant relationship with rs6715345 polymorphism of miR-375 gene (p=0.1). However, the rs4939827 polymorphism of the SMAD7 gene was significantly linked to the risk of developing breast cancer in the southeastern population in Iran (p=0.01).

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that the rs4939827 polymorphism of the SMAD7 gene can lead to an increased risk of incidence of breast cancer in the southeastern population in Iran.<br />.

S100A14 protein as diagnostic and prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background

Protein S100A14 has recently been implicated in the progress of several types of cancers. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of S100A14 in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Results

S100A14 was significantly elevated in the HCC group. A cut-off value for serum S100A14 between the HCC group and cirrhosis group is > 0.47 with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 88.57%. S100A14 level was a significant diagnostic factor for HCC and a good reference for HCC progression.

Conclusion

These results suggest that S100A14 is a good diagnostic marker for HCC.

Expression profile and functional role of S100A14 in human cancer

S100A14 is one of the new members of the multi-functional S100 protein family. Expression of S100A14 is highly heterogeneous among normal human tissues, suggesting that the regulation of S100A14 expression and its function may be tissue- and context-specific. Compared to the normal counterparts, S100A14 mRNA and protein levels have been found to be deregulated in several cancer types, indicating a functional link between S100A14 and malignancies. Accordingly, S100A14 is functionally linked with a number of key signaling molecules such as p53, p21, MMP1, MMP9, MMP13, RAGE, NF-kB, JunB, actin and HER2. Of interest, S100A14 seems to have seemingly opposite functions in malignancies arising from the gastrointestional tract (tissues rich in epithelial components) compared to cancers in the other parts of the body (tissues rich in mesenchymal components). The underlying mechanism for these observations are currently unclear and may be related to the relative abundance and differences in the type of interaction partners (effector protein) in different cancer types and tissues. In addition, several studies indicate that the expression pattern of S100A14 has a potential to be clinically useful as prognostic biomarker in several cancer types. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive summary on the expression pattern and functional roles/related molecular pathways in different cancer types. Additionally, the prognostic potential of S100A14 in the management of human malignancies will be discussed.