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Rodrigues P, Rizaev JA, Hjazi A, Altalbawy FMA, H M, Sharma K, Sharma SK, Mustafa YF, Jawad MA, Zwamel AH. Dual role of microRNA-31 in human cancers; focusing on cancer pathogenesis and signaling pathways. Exp Cell Res 2024; 442:114236. [PMID: 39245198 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Widespread changes in the expression of microRNAs in cancer result in abnormal gene expression for the miRNAs that control those genes, which in turn causes changes to entire molecular networks and pathways. The frequently altered miR-31, which is found in a wide range of cancers, is one cancer-related miRNA that is particularly intriguing. MiR-31 has a very complicated set of biological functions, and depending on the type of tumor, it may act both as a tumor suppressor and an oncogene. The endogenous expression levels of miR-31 appear to be a key determinant of the phenotype brought on by aberrant expression. Varied expression levels of miR-31 could affect cell growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and other process by several mechanisms like targeting BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1), large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A). This review highlights the current understanding of the genes that miR-31 targets while summarizing the complex expression patterns of miR-31 in human cancers and the diverse phenotypes brought on by altered miR-31 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rodrigues
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jasur Alimdjanovich Rizaev
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, 18, Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Farag M A Altalbawy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Malathi H
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Kirti Sharma
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjheri, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India.
| | - Satish Kumar Sharma
- Vice Chancellor of Department of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), The Glocal University, Saharanpur, India.
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq.
| | | | - Ahmed Hussein Zwamel
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
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Cancer Stem Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Molecular Mechanisms in Stemness Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012327. [PMID: 36293184 PMCID: PMC9604119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most predominant type of liver cancer with an extremely poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis and high recurrence rate. One of the culprits for HCC recurrence and metastasis is the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a small subset of cancer cells possessing robust stem cell properties within tumors. CSCs play crucial roles in tumor heterogeneity constitution, tumorigenesis, tumor relapse, metastasis, and resistance to anti-cancer therapies. Elucidation of how these CSCs maintain their stemness features is essential for the development of CSCs-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge of intrinsic molecules and signaling pathways involved in hepatic CSCs, especially the CSC surface markers and associated signaling in regulating the stemness characteristics and the heterogeneous subpopulations within the CSC pool. In addition, we recapitulate the effects of crucial extrinsic cellular components in the tumor microenvironment, including stromal cells and immune cells, on the modulation of hepatic CSCs. Finally, we synopsize the currently valuable CSCs-targeted therapy strategies based on intervention in these intrinsic and extrinsic molecular mechanisms, in the hope of shedding light on better clinical management of HCC patients.
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Al-Ani INT, Al-Ani HA. ROLE OF MICRO RNA IN THE REGULATION OF CELL POLARIZATION IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 33:301-308. [PMID: 34963332 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of tissue scarring, and architecture-modifying signalling led to a tumorigenic microenvironment. Targeting specifically the biological mediators responsible for the physiological and morphological changes accommodating Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth may be the key for identifying a future HCC cure. METHODS Morphological and physiological features of cultured HepG2 cells in both stimulated recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165), and unstimulated (control) conditions were assessed. Quantitative RT-PCR measured endogenous VEGF expression levels. The assessment of pro-angiogenic biological mediator (miR-296, miR-31, and miR-17) profiles was achieved by polarization-inducing VEGF165 stimulation followed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS In-vitro conditions reproduced successfully the physiological environment leading to the occurrence of HCC, including the successful HepG2 polarization following VEGF stimulation. While endogenous VEGF production only occurs if complete polarization has been reached, the quantified biological mediator profiles determined here pointed at either possible early stages of depolarization or at the lack of tumorigenic potential of the HepG2 cells. All tested micro RNAs (miRs) displayed upregulated profiles, although the miR-296 was less amplified (3.78-fold as compared to control) than miR-31 or miR-17 (6.5- and 6.6-fold, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The findings surrounding miR-17 reproduce similar data reported in the literature; the unexpected high miR-31 expression was intriguing. Given HepG2 cells' minimal tumorigenic potential, the unexpected multi-fold upregulation of miR-31 may be a cause or a consequence of HepG2 cells' low tumorigenic potential. The exploration of miR-31 therapeutic potential may be a future rewarding endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Nazar Talib Al-Ani
- Coventry University Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, 120958, Coventry, Coventry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Hadeer Akram Al-Ani
- University of California Davis, 8789, Public Health - School of Medicine, Med Sci 1C, Davis, CA 95616-8638, Davis, California, United States, 95616-8638;
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Huang C, Li Y, Zhao W, Zhang A, Lu C, Wang Z, Liu L. α2δ1 may be a potential marker for cancer stem cell in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:97-107. [PMID: 30475757 PMCID: PMC6398553 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the ability to dictate tumor initiation, recurrence, and metastasis. Here, we examined the expression of aα2δ1+ in laryngeal cancer tissues and further determined the effect of α2δ1 on the migratory ability and tumorigenicity of laryngeal cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that α2δ1 was positive in 13 (13/16, 81.25%) cases in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues, 7 (7/16, 43.75%) cases in paracancerous tissues and only 2 (2/16, 12.5%) cases in normal tumor tissues. Our quantitative RT-PCR assays further showed that α2δ1+ LSCC cells expressed significantly higher levels of stem cell-associated genes and drug efflux and resistance genes versusα2δ1- cells. Sphere-forming assays demonstrated higher sphere-forming efficiency in the α2δ1+versusα2δ1- subpopulation. Our Matrigel assays showed that α2δ1+ cells exhibited significantly greater invasive and migratory ability than α2δ1- cells. Furthermore, the percentage of purified α2δ1+ in TU686 and TU212 cells treated cisplatin or paclitaxel was significantly higher than that of the control group. Tumor xenograft assays revealed that the tumorigenicity of α2δ1+ cells was much higher than α2δ1- cells. In conclusion, a α2δ1+ subpopulation with CSC-like property was present in laryngeal cancer and possessed high self-renewal activity and was sufficient for tumor growth, differentiation, migration, invasion, and chemotherapeutic resistance. They could represent a promising therapeutic target for LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoping Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Aobo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhenxiao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liangfa Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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