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Wachter F, Nowak RP, Ficarro S, Marto J, Fischer ES. Structural characterization of methylation-independent PP2A assembly guides alphafold2Multimer prediction of family-wide PP2A complexes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107268. [PMID: 38582449 PMCID: PMC11087950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of phosphorylation-dependent signaling is a hallmark of tumorigenesis. Protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) is an essential regulator of cell growth. One scaffold subunit (A) binds to a catalytic subunit (C) to form a core AC heterodimer, which together with one of many regulatory (B) subunits forms the active trimeric enzyme. The combinatorial number of distinct PP2A complexes is large, which results in diverse substrate specificity and subcellular localization. The detailed mechanism of PP2A assembly and regulation remains elusive and reports about an important role of methylation of the carboxy terminus of PP2A C are conflicting. A better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of PP2A assembly and regulation is critical to dissecting PP2A function in physiology and disease. Here, we combined biochemical reconstitution, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, and functional assays to characterize the assembly of trimeric PP2A. In vitro studies demonstrated that methylation of the carboxy-terminus of PP2A C was dispensable for PP2A assembly in vitro. To corroborate these findings, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of the unmethylated PP2A Aα-B56ε-Cα trimer complex to 3.1 Å resolution. The experimental structure superimposed well with an Alphafold2Multimer prediction of the PP2A trimer. We then predicted models of all canonical PP2A complexes providing a framework for structural analysis of PP2A. In conclusion, methylation was dispensable for trimeric PP2A assembly and integrative structural biology studies of PP2A offered predictive models for all canonical PP2A complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wachter
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Radosław P Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jarrod Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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2
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Nguyen TT, Kim YJ, Lai TT, Nguyen PT, Koh YH, Nguyen LTN, Ma HI, Kim YE. PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase 1 Dysfunction Accelerates Synucleinopathy. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1201-1217. [PMID: 35253778 PMCID: PMC9198758 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) cause autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD) and contribute to the risk of sporadic PD. However, the relationship between PD-related PINK1 mutations and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation—a main pathological component of PD—remains unexplored. Objective: To investigate whether α-syn pathology is exacerbated in the absence of PINK1 after α-syn preformed fibril (PFF) injection in a PD mouse model and its effects on neurodegeneration. Methods: In this study, 10-week-old Pink1 knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) mice received stereotaxic unilateral striatal injection of recombinant mouse α-syn PFF. Then, α-syn pathology progression, inflammatory responses, and neurodegeneration were analyzed via immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, and behavioral testing. Results: After PFF injection, the total α-syn levels significantly increased, and pathological α-syn was markedly aggregated in Pink1 KO mice compared with Pink1 WT mice. Then, earlier and more severe neuronal loss and motor deficits occurred. Moreover, compared with WT mice, Pink1 KO mice had evident microglial/astrocytic immunoreactivity and prolonged astrocytic activation, and a higher rate of protein phosphatase 2A phosphorylation, which might explain the greater α-syn aggravation and neuronal death. Conclusion: The loss of Pink1 function accelerated α-syn aggregation, accumulation and glial activation, thereby leading to early and significant neurodegeneration and behavioral impairment in the PD mouse model. Therefore, our findings support the notion that PINK1 dysfunction increases the risk of synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea.,Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Thuy Thi Lai
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea.,Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, South Korea
| | - Phuong Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Linh Thi Nhat Nguyen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyeo-Il Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea.,Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, South Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea.,Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, South Korea
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3
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Haque ME, Akther M, Azam S, Kim IS, Lin Y, Lee YH, Choi DK. Targeting α-synuclein aggregation and its role in mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:23-45. [PMID: 34528272 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewy bodies that contain aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn) in the dopaminergic (DA) neuron are the main culprit behind neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Besides, mitochondrial dysfunction has a well established and prominent role in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the exact mechanism by which α-syn causes dopaminergic neuronal loss was unclear. Recent evidence suggests that aggregated α-syn localises in the mitochondria and contributes to oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in neurons. Therefore, the involvement of aggregated α-syn in mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated neuronal loss has made it an emerging drug target for the treatment of PD. However, the exact mechanism by which α-syn permeabilises through the mitochondrial membrane and affects the electron transport chain remains under investigation. In the present study, we describe mitochondria-α-syn interactions and how α-syn aggregation modulates mitochondrial homeostasis in PD pathogenesis. We also discuss recent therapeutic interventions targeting α-syn aggregation that may help researchers to design novel therapeutic treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahbuba Akther
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung Buk, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kim YY, Yoon JH, Um JH, Jeong DJ, Shin DJ, Hong YB, Kim JK, Kim DH, Kim C, Chung CG, Lee SB, Koh H, Yun J. PINK1 alleviates thermal hypersensitivity in a paclitaxel-induced Drosophila model of peripheral neuropathy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239126. [PMID: 32941465 PMCID: PMC7498067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a representative anticancer drug that induces chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a common side effect that limits many anticancer chemotherapies. Although PINK1, a key mediator of mitochondrial quality control, has been shown to protect neuronal cells from various toxic treatments, the role of PINK1 in CIPN has not been investigated. Here, we examined the effect of PINK1 expression on CIPN using a recently established paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy model in Drosophila larvae. We found that the class IV dendritic arborization (C4da) sensory neuron-specific expression of PINK1 significantly ameliorated the paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia phenotype. In contrast, knockdown of PINK1 resulted in an increase in thermal hypersensitivity, suggesting a critical role for PINK1 in sensory neuron-mediated thermal nociceptive sensitivity. Interestingly, analysis of the C4da neuron morphology suggests that PINK1 expression alleviates paclitaxel-induced thermal hypersensitivity by means other than preventing alterations in sensory dendrites in C4da neurons. We found that paclitaxel induces mitochondrial dysfunction in C4da neurons and that PINK1 expression suppressed the paclitaxel-induced increase in mitophagy in C4da neurons. These results suggest that PINK1 mitigates paclitaxel-induced sensory dendrite alterations and restores mitochondrial homeostasis in C4da neurons and that improvement in mitochondrial quality control could be a promising strategy for the treatment of CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yeon Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jin Jeong
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Dong‐A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyongjong Koh
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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5
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Williams R, Laskovs M, Williams RI, Mahadevan A, Labbadia J. A Mitochondrial Stress-Specific Form of HSF1 Protects against Age-Related Proteostasis Collapse. Dev Cell 2020; 54:758-772.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Creed RB, Goldberg MS. Enhanced Susceptibility of PINK1 Knockout Rats to α-Synuclein Fibrils. Neuroscience 2020; 437:64-75. [PMID: 32353461 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The main neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) are loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and intraneuronal protein aggregates immunoreactive for α-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (pS129). Most cases of PD are idiopathic; however, genetic mutations have been identified in several genes linked to familial PD. Mutations in the gene encoding α-synuclein are causally linked to dominantly inherited forms of PD and mutations in the PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1) gene are linked to recessively inherited forms of PD. Because abnormal α-synuclein protein aggregates appear spontaneously in PINK1 knockout (KO) rats, we hypothesize that PINK1-deficiency causes endogenous α-synuclein to be more prone to aggregation. α-Synuclein aggregation does not normally occur in mice or rats, however, it can be induced by intracranial injection of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFFs), which also induces loss of dopaminergic nigral neurons 3-6 months post-injection. Because PINK1-deficiency is linked to early-onset PD, we further hypothesize that PINK1 KO rats will show earlier PFF-induced neurodegeneration compared to wild-type (WT) rats. Herein, we report that intracranial injection of α-synuclein PFFs into the dorsal striatum induced more abundant pS129 α-synuclein in PINK1 KO rat brains compared to WT littermate controls. Moreover, the synuclein extracted from the brains of PFF-injected PINK1 KO rats was more insoluble compared to PFF-injected WT littermates, suggesting greater progression of α-synuclein pathology in PINK1 KO rats. Four weeks post-injection, PFFs caused significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of PINK1 KO rats, but not WT controls. Together, our results indicate that PINK1 deficiency increases vulnerability to α-synuclein aggregation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose B Creed
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Matthew S Goldberg
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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7
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Furlong RM, Lindsay A, Anderson KE, Hawkins PT, Sullivan AM, O'Neill C. The Parkinson's disease gene PINK1 activates Akt via PINK1 kinase-dependent regulation of the phospholipid PI(3,4,5)P 3. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.233221. [PMID: 31540955 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt signalling is central to cell survival, metabolism, protein and lipid homeostasis, and is impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD). Akt activation is reduced in the brain in PD, and by many PD-causing genes, including PINK1 This study investigated the mechanisms by which PINK1 regulates Akt signalling. Our results reveal for the first time that PINK1 constitutively activates Akt in a PINK1-kinase dependent manner in the absence of growth factors, and enhances Akt activation in normal growth medium. In PINK1-modified MEFs, agonist-induced Akt signalling failed in the absence of PINK1, due to PINK1 kinase-dependent increases in PI(3,4,5)P3 at both plasma membrane and Golgi being significantly impaired. In the absence of PINK1, PI(3,4,5)P3 levels did not increase in the Golgi, and there was significant Golgi fragmentation, a recognised characteristic of PD neuropathology. PINK1 kinase activity protected the Golgi from fragmentation in an Akt-dependent fashion. This study demonstrates a new role for PINK1 as a primary upstream activator of Akt via PINK1 kinase-dependent regulation of its primary activator PI(3,4,5)P3, providing novel mechanistic information on how loss of PINK1 impairs Akt signalling in PD.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Furlong
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork City T12 YT20, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork City T12 XF62, Ireland.,Cork NeuroScience Centre, University College Cork, Cork City T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Andrew Lindsay
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork City T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Karen E Anderson
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Aideen M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork City T12 XF62, Ireland.,Cork NeuroScience Centre, University College Cork, Cork City T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Cora O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork City T12 YT20, Ireland .,Cork NeuroScience Centre, University College Cork, Cork City T12 YT20, Ireland
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8
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Pandey T, Sammi SR, Nooreen Z, Mishra A, Ahmad A, Bhatta RS, Pandey R. Anti-ageing and anti-Parkinsonian effects of natural flavonol, tambulin from Zanthoxyllum aramatum promotes longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Gerontol 2019; 120:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Van Laar VS, Otero PA, Hastings TG, Berman SB. Potential Role of Mic60/Mitofilin in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:898. [PMID: 30740041 PMCID: PMC6357844 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no treatments that hinder or halt the inexorable progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). While the etiology of PD remains elusive, evidence suggests that early dysfunction of mitochondrial respiration and homeostasis play a major role in PD pathogenesis. The mitochondrial structural protein Mic60, also known as mitofilin, is critical for maintaining mitochondrial architecture and function. Loss of Mic60 is associated with detrimental effects on mitochondrial homeostasis. Growing evidence now implicates Mic60 in the pathogenesis of PD. In this review, we discuss the data supporting a role of Mic60 and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. We will also consider the potential of Mic60 as a therapeutic target for treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Van Laar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - P Anthony Otero
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology (CMP) Program, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Teresa G Hastings
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sarah B Berman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Briston T, Hicks AR. Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative proteinopathies: mechanisms and prospects for therapeutic intervention. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:829-842. [PMID: 29986938 PMCID: PMC6103456 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative proteinopathies are a group of pathologically similar, progressive disorders of the nervous system, characterised by structural alterations within and toxic misfolding of susceptible proteins. Oligomerisation of Aβ, tau, α-synuclein and TDP-43 leads to a toxin gain- or loss-of-function contributing to the phenotype observed in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Misfolded proteins can adversely affect mitochondria, and post-mitotic neurones are especially sensitive to metabolic dysfunction. Misfolded proteins impair mitochondrial dynamics (morphology and trafficking), preventing functional mitochondria reaching the synapse, the primary site of ATP utilisation. Furthermore, a direct association of misfolded proteins with mitochondria may precipitate or augment dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial quality control, causing redox dyshomeostasis observed in disease. As such, a significant interest lies in understanding mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity in neurodegenerative disorders and in dissecting these mechanisms with a view of maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in disease. Recent advances in understanding mitochondrially controlled cell death pathways and elucidating the mitochondrial permeability pore bioarchitecture are beginning to present new avenues to target neurodegeneration. Novel mitochondrial roles of deubiquitinating enzymes are coming to light and present an opportunity for a new class of proteins to target therapeutically with the aim of promoting mitophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The brain is enormously metabolically active, placing a large emphasis on maintaining ATP supply. Therefore, identifying mechanisms to sustain mitochondrial function may represent a common intervention point across all proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Briston
- Neurology Innovation Centre, Hatfield Research Laboratories, Eisai Ltd, Hatfield, U.K.
| | - Amy R Hicks
- Neurology Innovation Centre, Hatfield Research Laboratories, Eisai Ltd, Hatfield, U.K
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