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Li X, He A, Liu C, Li Y, Luo Y, Xiong W, Nian W, Zuo D. Pachymic acid activates TP53INP2/TRAF6/caspase-8 pathway to promote apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38560766 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
While pachymic acid (PA), a key component of Poria cocos (Schw.), has demonstrated anti-tumor effects in lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers, its impact on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unclear. This study evaluated the effect of PA on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in human renal cancer A498 and ACHN cells as well as in cancer xenograft mice using wound scratch test, Western blotting, and co-immunoprecipitation assays. In a dose- and time-dependent manner, PA exhibited significant inhibition of RCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, accompanied by the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, PA upregulated the expression of tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 (TP53INP2) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which were downregulated in renal papillary and chromophobe carcinoma, resulting in inhibited tumor growth in mice. PA treatment elevated cleaved-caspase 3 and 8, and PARP levels, and facilitated TP53INP2 and TRAF6 binding to caspase 8, promoting its ubiquitination. Molecular docking revealed interactions between PA and TP53INP2, TRAF6. In summary, PA inhibits RCC development by upregulating TP53INP2 and promoting TRAF6-induced caspase 8 ubiquitination, activating apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunjia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
- Department of Research and Development, Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - An He
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengxuan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Weijian Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyu Zuo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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Radovanović M, Petrović M, Šantrić V, Milojević B, Zubelić A, Isaković A. P53 and survivin expression in renal cell carcinoma. Urol Ann 2023; 15:186-190. [PMID: 37304521 PMCID: PMC10252781 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_91_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mutation of p53 is detected in more than 50% of human cancers, expression of p53 has a potential prognostic value in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, its overexpression is observed in many malignancies, including RCC. The aim of the study was to estimate a correlation between survivin and p53 expression in tumor samples and the histologic type of a tumor, tumor stage, tumor grade, and survival of patients. Materials and Methods Tumor samples were collected from surgical specimens of 90 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for RCC between November 2017 and July 2020. Tumors were staged according to the UICC (The Union for International Cancer Control) TNM classification system and histopathologically graded according to Fuhrman nuclear grade system. Histopathological diagnosis was confirmed with standard light microscopic evaluation, using hematoxylin and eosin staining and standard p53 and survivin antibodies. Results Positive p53 staining was observed in 36.7% of tumor specimens and 24.4% were survivin positive. There was a statistically significant correlation between p53 or survivin expression and histologic subtype of clear cell RCC as well as Type I and II of papillary RCC. There was a statistically significant correlation between p53 expression and tumor size, stage, and grade. The p53 or survivin expression was related to lower overall survival. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that p53 overexpression and survivin positivity in RCC patients could be associated with poor prognosis. Thus, these proteins could be used as prognostic markers in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Radovanović
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Petrović
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Veljko Šantrić
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bogomir Milojević
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksa Zubelić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kim KS, Moon KM, Min KW, Jung WY, Shin SJ, Lee SW, Kwon MJ, Kim DH, Oh S, Noh YK. Low gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBOX1) expression as a prognostic biomarker in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a machine learning approach. J Pathol Clin Res 2023; 9:236-248. [PMID: 36864013 PMCID: PMC10073934 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBOX1) is a catalyst for the conversion of gamma-butyrobetaine to l-carnitine, which is detected in normal renal tubules. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognosis, immune response, and genetic alterations associated with low BBOX1 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We analyzed the relative influence of BBOX1 on survival using machine learning and investigated drugs that can inhibit renal cancer cells with low BBOX1 expression. We analyzed clinicopathologic factors, survival rates, immune profiles, and gene sets according to BBOX1 expression in a total of 857 patients with kidney cancer from the Hanyang University Hospital cohort (247 cases) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (610 cases). We employed immunohistochemical staining, gene set enrichment analysis, in silico cytometry, pathway network analyses, in vitro drug screening, and gradient boosting machines. BBOX1 expression in RCC was decreased compared with that in normal tissues. Low BBOX1 expression was associated with poor prognosis, decreased CD8+ T cells, and increased neutrophils. In gene set enrichment analyses, low BBOX1 expression was related to gene sets with oncogenic activity and a weak immune response. In pathway network analysis, BBOX1 was linked to regulation of various T cells and programmed death-ligand 1. In vitro drug screening showed that midostaurin, BAY-61-3606, GSK690693, and linifanib inhibited the growth of RCC cells with low BBOX1 expression. Low BBOX1 expression in patients with RCC is related to short survival time and reduced CD8+ T cells; midostaurin, among other drugs, may have enhanced therapeutic effects in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Shik Kim
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Moon
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yong Jung
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Lee
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjoong Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Kyun Noh
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Novacescu D, Cut TG, Cumpanas AA, Bratosin F, Ceausu RA, Raica M. Novel Expression of Thymine Dimers in Renal Cell Carcinoma, Demonstrated through Immunohistochemistry. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2673. [PMID: 36359193 PMCID: PMC9687240 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant developments in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) detection and molecular pathology, mortality has been steadily rising. Advanced RCC remains an incurable disease. Better clinical management tools, i.e., RCC biomarkers, have yet to emerge. Thymine-dimers (TDs) were traditionally considered photo-dependent pre-mutagenic lesions, occurring exclusively during ultra-violet light exposure. Non-oxidative, direct, and preferential byproducts of DNA photochemical reactions, TDs, have recently shown evidence regarding UVR-independent formation. In this study, we investigate, for the first time, TD expression within RCC tumor tissue and tumor-adjacent healthy renal parenchyma using a TD-targeted IHC monoclonal antibody, clone KTM53. Remarkably, out of the 54 RCCs evaluated, 77.8% showed nuclear TD-expression in RCC tumor tissue and 37% in the tumor-adjacent healthy renal parenchyma. A comprehensive report regarding quantitative/qualitative TD-targeted immunostaining was elaborated. Two main distribution models for TD expression within RCC tumor tissue were identified. Statistical analysis showed significant yet moderate correlations regarding TD-positivity in RCC tissue/tumor-adjacent healthy renal parenchyma and TNM stage at diagnosis/lymphatic dissemination, respectively, indicating possible prognostic relevance. We review possible explanations for UVR-independent TD formation and molecular implications regarding RCC carcinogenesis. Further rigorous molecular analysis is required in order to fully comprehend/validate the biological significance of this newly documented TD expression in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Novacescu
- Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Talida Georgiana Cut
- Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Ethics in Human Genetic Identifications, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alin Adrian Cumpanas
- Department XV, Discipline of Urology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Amalia Ceausu
- Department II, Discipline of Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Raica
- Department II, Discipline of Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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p53 and Its Isoforms in Renal Cell Carcinoma—Do They Matter? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061330. [PMID: 35740352 PMCID: PMC9219959 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a transcription al factor responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. It has been shown that more than 50% of tumors are connected with mutations in the Tp53 gene. These mutations cause a disturbance in cellular response to stress, and eventually, cancer development. Apart from the full-length p53, at least twelve isoforms of p53 have been characterized. They are able to modulate p53 activity under stress conditions. In 2020, almost a half of million people around the world were diagnosed with renal cancer. One genetic disturbance which is linked to the most common type of kidney cancer, renal cell carcinoma, RCC, occurs from mutations in the VHL gene. Recent data has revealed that the VHL protein is needed to fully activate p53. Disturbance of the interplay between p53 and VHL seems to explain the lack of efficient response to chemotherapy in RCC. Moreover, it has been observed that changes in the expression of p53 isoforms are associated with different stages of RCC and overall survival. Thus, herein, an attempt was made to answer the question whether p53 and its isoforms are important factors in the development of RCC on the one hand, and in positive response to anti-RCC therapy on the other hand.
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Sensitivity of VHL mutant kidney cancers to HIF2 inhibitors does not require an intact p53 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120403119. [PMID: 35357972 PMCID: PMC9168943 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120403119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
VHL tumor suppressor gene inactivation is a hallmark of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common form of kidney cancer, and promotes tumor growth by stabilizing the hypoxia-inducible factor 2 (HIF2) transcription factor. HIF2 inhibitors appear to be helpful for some, but not all, ccRCC patients in clinical trials. Previous preclinical and clinical data suggested that only ccRCCs that can activate the p53 tumor suppressor in response to DNA damage would respond to HIF2 inhibitors. Here, we show that an intact p53 pathway is neither necessary nor sufficient for the sensitivity of ccRCCs to HIF2 inhibitors, suggesting that it would be premature to use p53 status to determine which ccRCC patients should be treated with a HIF2 inhibitor. Inactivation of the VHL tumor suppressor gene is the signature initiating event in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which is the most common form of kidney cancer. The VHL tumor suppressor protein marks hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) and HIF2 for proteasomal degradation when oxygen is present. The inappropriate accumulation of HIF2 drives tumor formation by VHL tumor suppressor protein (pVHL)–defective ccRCC. Belzutifan, a first-in-class allosteric HIF2 inhibitor, has advanced to phase 3 testing for advanced ccRCC and is approved for ccRCCs arising in patients with VHL disease, which is caused by germline VHL mutations. HIF2 can suppress p53 function in some settings and preliminary data suggested that an intact p53 pathway, as measured by activation in response to DNA damage, was necessary for HIF2 dependence. Here, we correlated HIF2 dependence and p53 status across a broader collection of ccRCC cell lines. We also genetically manipulated p53 function in ccRCC lines that were or were not previously HIF2-dependent and then assessed their subsequent sensitivity to HIF2 ablation using CRISPR-Cas9 or the HIF2 inhibitor PT2399, which is closely related to belzutifan. From these studies, we conclude that p53 status does not dictate HIF2 dependence, at least in preclinical models, and thus is unlikely to be a useful biomarker for predicting which ccRCC patients will respond to HIF2 inhibitors.
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7
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Farhadi A, Namdari S, Chong PP, Geramizadeh B, Behzad-Behbahani A, Sekawi Z, Sharifzadeh S. Epstein-Barr virus infection is associated with the nuclear factor-kappa B p65 signaling pathway in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Urol 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 35130882 PMCID: PMC8822771 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few studies regarding viral involvement in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The aim of this study was to examine the possible association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection with clinicopathological features and cellular biomarkers including p53, p16INK4a, Ki-67 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in RCC tumors. METHODS In this prospective study, 122 histologically confirmed Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded RCC tissue specimens along with 96 specimens of their corresponding peritumoral tissues and 23 samples of blunt renal injuries were subjected to nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) in order to amplify EBV DNA sequences. The expression of p53, p16INK4a, Ki-67 and NF-κB was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. Statistical analysis was employed to demonstrate the possible associations. RESULTS Infection with EBV was found to be significantly associated with RCC. Our results indicate that p65 NF-κB signaling pathway is probably involved in EBV-mediated RCC pathogenesis. Moreover, we found p53, Ki-67 and cytoplasmic NF-κB expression to be associated with tumor nuclear grade in RCC patients. The expression of p53 and Ki-67 was associated with primary tumor category as well. In addition, p53 overexpression was significantly more frequent among nonconventional RCC tumors than the conventional histologic type. CONCLUSIONS Infection with EBV is likely to play an important role in the development of RCC through the constitutive and permanent activation of NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. However, more experiments and supporting data are required to reach a decisive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farhadi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sepide Namdari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Behzad-Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zamberi Sekawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sedigheh Sharifzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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8
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Li F, Aljahdali IAM, Zhang R, Nastiuk KL, Krolewski JJ, Ling X. Kidney cancer biomarkers and targets for therapeutics: survivin (BIRC5), XIAP, MCL-1, HIF1α, HIF2α, NRF2, MDM2, MDM4, p53, KRAS and AKT in renal cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:254. [PMID: 34384473 PMCID: PMC8359575 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing worldwide with an approximate 20% mortality rate. The challenge in RCC is the therapy-resistance. Cancer resistance to treatment employs multiple mechanisms due to cancer heterogeneity with multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. These changes include aberrant overexpression of (1) anticancer cell death proteins (e.g., survivin/BIRC5), (2) DNA repair regulators (e.g., ERCC6) and (3) efflux pump proteins (e.g., ABCG2/BCRP); mutations and/or deregulation of key (4) oncogenes (e.g., MDM2, KRAS) and/or (5) tumor suppressor genes (e.g., TP5/p53); and (6) deregulation of redox-sensitive regulators (e.g., HIF, NRF2). Foci of tumor cells that have these genetic alterations and/or deregulation possess survival advantages and are selected for survival during treatment. We will review the significance of survivin (BIRC5), XIAP, MCL-1, HIF1α, HIF2α, NRF2, MDM2, MDM4, TP5/p53, KRAS and AKT in treatment resistance as the potential therapeutic biomarkers and/or targets in RCC in parallel with our analized RCC-relevant TCGA genetic results from each of these gene/protein molecules. We then present our data to show the anticancer drug FL118 modulation of these protein targets and RCC cell/tumor growth. Finally, we include additional data to show a promising FL118 analogue (FL496) for treating the specialized type 2 papillary RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Genitourinary Disease Site Research Group, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Kidney Cancer Research Interest Group, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Developmental Therapeutics (DT) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Ieman A. M. Aljahdali
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Renyuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Kent L. Nastiuk
- Genitourinary Disease Site Research Group, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - John J. Krolewski
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Canget BioTekpharma LLC, Buffalo, New York 14203 USA
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9
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de Almeida LC, Calil FA, Machado-Neto JA, Costa-Lotufo LV. DNA damaging agents and DNA repair: From carcinogenesis to cancer therapy. Cancer Genet 2021; 252-253:6-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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10
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Bagchi A, Madaj Z, Engel KB, Guan P, Rohrer DC, Valley DR, Wolfrum E, Feenstra K, Roche N, Hostetter G, Moore HM, Jewell SD. Impact of Preanalytical Factors on the Measurement of Tumor Tissue Biomarkers Using Immunohistochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:297-320. [PMID: 33641490 DOI: 10.1369/0022155421995600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is commonplace in clinical and research laboratories. However, reports suggest that IHC results can be compromised by biospecimen preanalytical factors. The National Cancer Institute's Biospecimen Preanalytical Variables Program conducted a systematic study to examine the potential effects of delay to fixation (DTF) and time in fixative (TIF) on IHC using 24 cancer biomarkers. Differences in IHC staining, relative to controls with a DTF of 1 hr, were observed in FFPE kidney tumor specimens after a DTF of ≥2 hr. Reductions in H-score and/or staining intensity were observed for c-MET, p53, PAX2, PAX8, pAKT, and survivin, whereas increases were observed for RCC1, EGFR, and CD10. Prolonged TIF of 72 hr resulted in significantly reduced H-scores of CD44 and c-Met in kidney tumor specimens, compared with controls with 12-hr TIF. An elevated probability of altered staining intensity due to DTF was observed for nine antigens, whereas for prolonged TIF an elevated probability was observed for one antigen. Results reported here and elsewhere across tumor types and antigens support limiting DTF to ≤1 hr when possible and fixing tissues in formalin for 12-24 hr to avoid confounding effects of these preanalytical factors on IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bagchi
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zachary Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | - Ping Guan
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Emily Wolfrum
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Kristin Feenstra
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Nancy Roche
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Helen M Moore
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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11
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Li S, Khan MH, Wang X, Cai M, Zhang J, Jiang M, Zhang Z, Wen XA, Liang H, Yang F. Synthesis of a series of novel In(III) 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(thiosemicarbazide) complexes: structure, anticancer function and mechanism. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17207-17220. [PMID: 33201167 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02266g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer function and anticancer mechanism of indium (In) complexes still remain mysterious to date. Furthermore, it is greatly challenging to design a multi-functional metal agent that not only kills cancer cells but also inhibits their invasion and metastasis. Thus, to develop novel next-generation anticancer metal agents, we designed and synthesized a series of novel In(iii) 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(thiosemicarbazide) complexes (C1-C4) for the first time and then investigated their structure-activity relationships with human urinary bladder cancer (T-24) cells. In particular, C4 not only showed higher cytotoxicity to cancer cells and less toxicity toward normal cells relative to cisplatin but also inhibited cell invasion and metastasis of T-24 cells. Interestingly, C4 acted against T-24 cells exhibiting multiple mechanisms: (1) arresting the S-phase of cell cycle via regulation of cytokine kinases, (2) activating the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum-stress-mediated cell death, PERK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK) cell signaling pathways, and (3) inhibiting the expression of telomerase via the regulation of c-myc and h-TERT proteins. Our results suggested that C4 may be developed as a potential multi-functional and multi-targeting anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
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Dimitrakopoulos FID, Kourea E, Nasioulas G, Papadopoulou E, Nikolakopoulos A, Spyropoulou D, Kottorou A, Karatzas A, Kalofonos HP, Koutras A. Exceptional response to nivolumab of a heavily pre-treated patient with metastatic renal-cell cancer: from a case report to molecular investigation and future perspectives. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920946152. [PMID: 32849917 PMCID: PMC7425249 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920946152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy may result in long-lasting exceptional clinical responses, the molecular background of which is inadequately understood. Here, we present the case of a 63-year-old patient with a past medical history of renal cancer who relapsed many years later. Several treatment lines were administered prior to immunotherapy, which was administered in the ninth line, achieving complete remission which had lasted for more than 3 years. Genomic alterations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability as well as PD-L1, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, CD3, CD8, CD20, CD138, CD1a, and FoxP3 expression were assessed in primary and metastatic tumors. Primary and metastatic tumors were microsatellite stable with high TMB, while somatic mutations in MLH1 and TP53 genes were detected, respectively. Although the primary tumor was negative for PD-L1 expression, the lung metastasis was positive. Interestingly, metastasis displayed a dramatically increased infiltration by CD1a-positive dendritic cells in addition to increased CD3+ and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Increased infiltration of the metastatic tumor by CD1a+ antigen presenting cells warrants further investigation to assess its potential predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Kourea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Achilles Nikolakopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, Division of Oncology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Despoina Spyropoulou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kottorou
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, Division of Oncology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Haralabos P. Kalofonos
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, Division of Oncology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Angelos Koutras
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, Division of Oncology, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, 26504, Greece
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Novel molecular signatures and potential therapeutics in renal cell carcinomas: Insights from a comparative analysis of subtypes. Genomics 2020; 112:3166-3178. [PMID: 32512143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are among the highest causes of cancer mortality. Although transcriptome profiling studies in the last decade have made significant molecular findings on RCCs, effective diagnosis and treatment strategies have yet to be achieved due to lack of adequate screening and comparative profiling of RCC subtypes. In this study, a comparative analysis was performed on RNA-seq based transcriptome data from each RCC subtype, namely clear cell RCC (KIRC), papillary RCC (KIRP) and kidney chromophobe (KICH), and mutual or subtype-specific reporter biomolecules were identified at RNA, protein, and metabolite levels by the integration of expression profiles with genome-scale biomolecular networks. This approach revealed already-known biomarkers in RCCs as well as novel biomarker candidates and potential therapeutic targets. Our findings also pointed out the incorporation of the molecular mechanisms of KIRC and KIRP, whereas KICH was shown to have distinct molecular signatures. Furthermore, considering the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor as a potential therapeutic target specific to KICH, several drug candidates such as ZINC6745464 were identified through virtual screening of ZINC molecules. In this study, we reported valuable data for further experimental and clinical efforts, since the proposed molecules have significant potential for screening and therapeutic purposes in RCCs.
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors dysregulate DNA repair proteins and antagonize metastasis-associated processes. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:343-356. [PMID: 31932908 PMCID: PMC6985217 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We set out to determine whether clinically tested epigenetic drugs against class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) affect hallmarks of the metastatic process. Methods We treated permanent and primary renal, lung, and breast cancer cells with the class I histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) entinostat (MS-275) and valproic acid (VPA), the replicative stress inducer hydroxyurea (HU), the DNA-damaging agent cis-platinum (L-OHP), and the cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). We used proteomics, quantitative PCR, immunoblot, single cell DNA damage assays, and flow cytometry to analyze cell fate after drug exposure. Results We show that HDACi interfere with DNA repair protein expression and trigger DNA damage and apoptosis alone and in combination with established chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, HDACi disrupt the balance of cell adhesion protein expression and abrogate TGFβ-induced cellular plasticity of transformed cells. Conclusion HDACi suppress the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and compromise the DNA integrity of cancer cells. These data encourage further testing of HDACi against tumor cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00432-019-03118-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Khan MH, Cai M, Li S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wen X, Sun H, Liang H, Yang F. Developing a binuclear multi-target Bi(III) complex by optimizing 2-acetyl-3-ethylpyrazine thiosemicarbazides. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Huang H, Qiu Y, Huang G, Zhou X, Zhou X, Luo W. Value of Ferritin Heavy Chain (FTH1) Expression in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3700-3715. [PMID: 31104064 PMCID: PMC6537665 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum ferritin is a useful tumor marker for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the expression of ferritin heavy chain (FTH1), the main subunit of ferritin, is unclear in primary RCC tissues. In this study, we investigated FTH1 mRNA expression and its diagnostic and prognostic value in RCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mRNA expression of FTH1 was analyzed using including Oncomine, Gene Expression Omnibus, and Cancer Genome Atlas datasets, while the protein level of FTH1 was analyzed using the Human Protein Atlas database. The associations between FTH1 and clinicopathologic characteristics and survival time and Cox multivariate survival analysis were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software. A meta-analysis was performed to assess consistency of FTH1 expression. GO, KEGG, and PPI analyses were used to predict biological functions. RESULTS According to TCGA data, overexpression of FTH1 was detected in 890 RCC tissues (15.2904±0.63157) compared to 129 normal kidney tissues (14.4502±0.51523, p<0.001). Among the clinicopathological characteristics evaluated, patients with increased pathologic T staging, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were significantly associated with higher expression of FTH1. Elevated FTH1 mRNA levels were correlated with worse prognosis of RCC patients. Cox multivariate survival analysis indicated that age, stage, and M stage were predictors of poor prognosis in patients with RCC. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that FTH1 expression is an effective prognostic and diagnosis biomarker for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yuyun Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guilian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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Kamal Y, Cheng C, Frost HR, Amos CI. Predictors of disease aggressiveness influence outcome from immunotherapy treatment in renal clear cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1500106. [PMID: 30546942 PMCID: PMC6287778 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1500106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and has a high propensity for metastasis. While treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1, have shown modest improvements in survival for RCC, it is difficult to identify responders from non-responders. Attempts to elucidate the mechanisms associated with differential response to checkpoint inhibitors have been limited by small sample size making it difficult to detect meaningful associations. We utilized existing large datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to first find predictors of disease aggressiveness in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and hypothesized that these same predictors may influence response to immunotherapy. We found primary metastatic (M1-stage IV) tumors exhibit high immune infiltration, and high TP53-inactivation induced senescence activity compared to non-metastatic (M0-Stage I/II) tumors. Moreover, some TME features inferred from deconvolution algorithms, which differ between M0 and M1 tumors, also influence overall survival. A focused analysis identified interactions between tumor TP53-inactivation induced senescence activity and expression of inflammatory molecules in pre-treatment RCC tumors, which predict both change in tumor size and response to checkpoint blockade therapy. We also noted frequency of inactivating mutations in the protein polybromo-1 (PBRM1) gene was found to be negatively associated with TP53-inactivation induced senescence enrichment. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which tumor TP53-inactivation induced senescence can modulate the TME and thereby influence outcome from checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Kamal
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H. Robert Frost
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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