1
|
Landy E, Carol H, Ring A, Canna S. Biological and clinical roles of IL-18 in inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:33-47. [PMID: 38081945 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Several new discoveries have revived interest in the pathogenic potential and possible clinical roles of IL-18. IL-18 is an IL-1 family cytokine with potent ability to induce IFNγ production. However, basic investigations and now clinical observations suggest a more complex picture. Unique aspects of IL-18 biology at the levels of transcription, activation, secretion, neutralization, receptor distribution and signalling help to explain its pleiotropic roles in mucosal and systemic inflammation. Blood biomarker studies reveal a cytokine for which profound elevation, associated with detectable 'free IL-18', defines a group of autoinflammatory diseases in which IL-18 dysregulation can be a primary driving feature, the so-called 'IL-18opathies'. This impressive specificity might accelerate diagnoses and identify patients amenable to therapeutic IL-18 blockade. Pathogenically, human and animal studies identify a preferential activation of CD8+ T cells over other IL-18-responsive lymphocytes. IL-18 agonist treatments that leverage the site of production or subversion of endogenous IL-18 inhibition show promise in augmenting immune responses to cancer. Thus, the unique aspects of IL-18 biology are finally beginning to have clinical impact in precision diagnostics, disease monitoring and targeted treatment of inflammatory and malignant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Landy
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hallie Carol
- Division of Rheumatology and Immune Dysregulation Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron Ring
- Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott Canna
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology and Immune Dysregulation Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Borys SM, Bag AK, Brossay L, Adeegbe DO. The Yin and Yang of Targeting KLRG1 + Tregs and Effector Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894508. [PMID: 35572605 PMCID: PMC9098823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature surrounding KLRG1 has primarily focused on NK and CD8+ T cells. However, there is evidence that the most suppressive Tregs express KLRG1. Until now, the role of KLRG1 on Tregs has been mostly overlooked and remains to be elucidated. Here we review the current literature on KLRG1 with an emphasis on the KLRG1+ Treg subset role during cancer development and autoimmunity. KLRG1 has been recently proposed as a new checkpoint inhibitor target, but these studies focused on the effects of KLRG1 blockade on effector cells. We propose that when designing anti-tumor therapies targeting KLRG1, the effects on both effector cells and Tregs will have to be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Borys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Arup K Bag
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laurent Brossay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dennis O Adeegbe
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Teh CE, Preston SP, Robbins AK, Stutz MD, Cooney J, Clark MP, Policheni AN, Allison CC, Mackiewicz L, Arandjelovic P, Ebert G, Doerflinger M, Tan T, Rankin LC, Teh PP, Belz GT, Kallies A, Strasser A, Pellegrini M, Gray DHD. Caspase-8 has dual roles in regulatory T cell homeostasis balancing immunity to infection and collateral inflammatory damage. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn8041. [PMID: 35333545 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the potent immunosuppressive properties of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) has substantial therapeutic potential for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Yet, the molecular mechanisms controlling Treg homeostasis, particularly during inflammation, remain unclear. We report that caspase-8 is a central regulator of Treg homeostasis in a context-specific manner that is decisive during immune responses. In mouse genetic models, targeting caspase-8 in Tregs led to accumulation of effector Tregs resistant to apoptotic cell death. Conversely, inflammation induced the MLKL-dependent necroptosis of caspase-8-deficient lymphoid and tissue Tregs, which enhanced immunity to a variety of chronic infections to promote clearance of viral or parasitic pathogens. However, improved immunity came at the risk of lethal inflammation in overwhelming infections. Caspase-8 inhibition using a clinical-stage compound revealed that human Tregs have heightened sensitivity to necroptosis compared with conventional T cells. These findings reveal a fundamental mechanism in Tregs that could be targeted to manipulate the balance between immune tolerance versus response for therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charis E Teh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon P Preston
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alissa K Robbins
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael D Stutz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James Cooney
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle P Clark
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonia N Policheni
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cody C Allison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Liana Mackiewicz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip Arandjelovic
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tania Tan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucille C Rankin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peggy P Teh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel H D Gray
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schwensow N, Pederson S, Peacock D, Cooke B, Cassey P. Adaptive changes in the genomes of wild rabbits after 16 years of viral epidemics. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3777-3794. [PMID: 32506669 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since its introduction to control overabundant invasive European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), the highly virulent rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) has caused regular annual disease outbreaks in Australian rabbit populations. Although initially reducing rabbit abundance by 60%, continent-wide, experimental evidence has since indicated increased genetic resistance in wild rabbits that have experienced RHDV-driven selection. To identify genetic adaptations, which explain the increased resistance to this biocontrol virus, we investigated genome-wide SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) allele frequency changes in a South Australian rabbit population that was sampled in 1996 (pre-RHD genomes) and after 16 years of RHDV outbreaks. We identified several SNPs with changed allele frequencies within or close to genes potentially important for increased RHD resistance. The identified genes are known to be involved in virus infections and immune reactions or had previously been identified as being differentially expressed in healthy versus acutely RHDV-infected rabbits. Furthermore, we show in a simulation study that the allele/genotype frequency changes cannot be explained by drift alone and that several candidate genes had also been identified as being associated with surviving RHD in a different Australian rabbit population. Our unique data set allowed us to identify candidate genes for RHDV resistance that have evolved under natural conditions, and over a time span that would not have been feasible in an experimental setting. Moreover, it provides a rare example of host genetic adaptations to virus-driven selection in response to a suddenly emerging infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schwensow
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Centre for Applied Conservation Science, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen Pederson
- Bioinformatics Hub, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Peacock
- Biosecurity SA, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Brian Cooke
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Phillip Cassey
- Centre for Applied Conservation Science, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wan Z, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Lai Y, Luo Y, Peng X, Zou W. Regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in viral infection. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12873. [PMID: 32090360 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4+ T cells can differentiate into various effector cell subsets with specialized functions including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Among them, Tregs and Th17 cells show a strong plasticity allowing the functional adaptation to various physiological and pathological environments during immune responses. Although they are derived from the same precursor cells and their differentiation pathways are interrelated, the terminally differentiated cells have totally opposite functions. Studies have shown that Tregs and Th17 cells have rather complex interplays in viral infection: Th17 cells may contribute to immune activation and disease progression while Tregs may inhibit this process and play a key role in the maintenance of immune homoeostasis, possibly at the cost of compromised viral control. In this review, we take respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections as examples to discuss these interplays and their impacts on disease progression in viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Wan
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuhan Lai
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sullivan JM, Höllbacher B, Campbell DJ. Cutting Edge: Dynamic Expression of Id3 Defines the Stepwise Differentiation of Tissue-Resident Regulatory T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:31-36. [PMID: 30518568 PMCID: PMC6311998 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (TR) cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse and broadly distributed in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. However, the pathways guiding the differentiation of tissue-resident TR cell populations have not been well defined. By regulating E-protein function, Id3 controls the differentiation of CD8+ effector T cells and is essential for TR cell maintenance and function. We show that dynamic expression of Id3 helps define three distinct mouse TR cell populations: Id3+CD62LhiCD44lo central TR cells, Id3+CD62LloCD44hi effector TR (eTR) cells, and Id3- eTR cells. Adoptive transfer experiments and transcriptome analyses support a stepwise model of differentiation from Id3+ central TR to Id3+ eTR to Id3- eTR cells. Furthermore, Id3- eTR cells have high expression of functional inhibitory markers and a transcriptional signature of tissue-resident TR cells. Accordingly, Id3- eTR cells are highly enriched in nonlymphoid organs but virtually absent from blood and lymph. Thus, we propose that tissue-resident TR cells develop in a multistep process associated with Id3 downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Sullivan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; and
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Daniel J Campbell
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; and
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| |
Collapse
|