1
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Liu Q, Peng Q, Zhang B, Tan Y. X-ray cross-complementing family: the bridge linking DNA damage repair and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:602. [PMID: 37679817 PMCID: PMC10483876 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a common hallmark of human tumours. As a carrier of genetic information, DNA is constantly threatened by various damaging factors that, if not repaired in time, can affect the transmission of genetic information and lead to cellular carcinogenesis. In response to these threats, cells have evolved a range of DNA damage response mechanisms, including DNA damage repair, to maintain genomic stability. The X-ray repair cross-complementary gene family (XRCC) comprises an important class of DNA damage repair genes that encode proteins that play important roles in DNA single-strand breakage and DNA base damage repair. The dysfunction of the XRCC gene family is associated with the development of various tumours. In the context of tumours, mutations in XRCC and its aberrant expression, result in abnormal DNA damage repair, thus contributing to the malignant progression of tumour cells. In this review, we summarise the significant roles played by XRCC in diverse tumour types. In addition, we discuss the correlation between the XRCC family members and tumour therapeutic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Yueqiu Tan
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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2
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RHBDD1 promotes proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in renal cell carcinoma via the EGFR/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:826. [PMID: 34581421 PMCID: PMC8503741 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. The increasing incidence of RCC poses a serious threat to human health. It is well-documented that rhomboid domain-containing protein 1 (RHBDD1) plays a vital role in cancer progression. The present study was designed to identify the biological functions of RHBDD1 in RCC and investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism, aiming to explore the novel molecular therapeutic targets for RCC. The protein and mRNA expression levels of RHBDD1 in normal renal tubule epithelium and human RCC cell lines were analyzed using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to determine cell migration and invasion, respectively. In addition, key proteins related to migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, MMP13, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and Slug, were analyzed using western blotting. In addition, the EGFR/AKT signaling pathway was further studied using western blotting to determine the potential molecular mechanism. The results of the present study revealed that RHBDD1 expression levels were significantly upregulated in RCC cell lines. The knockdown of RHBDD1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, while the overexpression of RHBDD1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in RCC. In addition, the knockdown of RHBDD1 suppressed the activation of the EGFR/AKT signaling pathway, while the overexpression of RHBDD1 activated the EGFR/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, these stimulatory effects of RHBDD1 overexpression on RCC progression and the EGFR/AKT signaling pathway were partly reversed by gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that RHBDD1 may be a crucial regulator of RCC by modulating the EGFR/AKT signaling pathway. The present study may provide a theoretical basis and potential targets for RCC treatment.
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Yuan P, Fu C, Yang Y, Adila A, Zhou F, Wei X, Wang W, Lv J, Li Y, Xia L, Li J. Cistanche tubulosa Phenylethanoid Glycosides Induce Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Mitochondria-Dependent and MAPK Pathways and Enhance Antitumor Effect through Combination with Cisplatin. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211013085. [PMID: 33949239 PMCID: PMC8113936 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211013085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cistanche tubulosa is a type of Chinese herbal medicine and
exerts various biological functions. Previous studies have been demonstrated
that Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides (CTPG)
exhibit antitumor effects on a variety of tumor cells. However, the antitumor
effects of CTPG on HepG2 and BEL-7404 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are
still elusive. Our study showed that CTPG significantly inhibited the growth of
HepG2 and BEL-7404 cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis, which was associated with the activation of MAPK pathways
characterized by the up-regulated phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 and
mitochondria-dependent pathway characterized by the reduction of mitochondrial
membrane potential. The release of cytochrome c and the
cleavage of caspase-3, -7, -9, and PARP were subsequently increased by CTPG
treatment. Moreover, CTPG significantly suppressed the migration of HepG2
through reducing the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and vascular
endothelial growth factor. Interestingly, CTPG not only enhanced the
proliferation of splenocytes but also reduced the apoptosis of splenocytes
induced by cisplatin. In H22 tumor mouse model, CTPG combined with cisplatin
further inhibited the growth of H22 cells and reduced the side effects of
cisplatin. Taken together, CTPG inhibited the growth of HCC through direct
antitumor effect and indirect immunoenhancement effect, and improved the
antitumor efficacy of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Yang
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | | | | | | | - Weilan Wang
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yijie Li
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lijie Xia
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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4
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Dai L, Chen L, Wang W, Lin P. Resveratrol inhibits ACHN cells via regulation of histone acetylation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:231-238. [PMID: 32202448 PMCID: PMC7144206 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1738503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: The relationship between resveratrol and histone acetylation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not yet been reported.Objective: To explore the functional role of resveratrol in RCC.Materials and methods: Functional experiments were performed to determine proliferatio n of ACHN cells with treatment of resveratrol (0, 7.8125, 15.625, 31.25 and 62.5 μg/mL, for 12, 24 and 48 h of culture) or 0.1 μM SAHA. The enzyme activities of MMP-2/-9 were measured by gelatine zymography and histone acetylation by Western blot.Results: When the cells were treated with 15.625, 31.25 and 62.5 μg/mL resveratrol, ACHN cells viability was 73.2 ± 3.5%, 61.4 ± 3.1%, 50.2 ± 4.7% for 12 h, 62.7 ± 4.5%, 52.4 ± 5.5%, 40.2 ± 3.8% for 24 h, and 60.8 ± 3.7%, 39.4 ± 5.1%, 37.6 ± 2.7% for 48 h, and the wound closure (%) of migration was increased from 0.6 to 0.7, 0.85, 0.9 for 12 h and from 0.23 to 0.3, 0.48, 0.59 for 24 h. The invasion rate was 8.5 ± 0.9%, 7.4 ± 0.3% and 5.8 ± 0.6%, and cell cycle was arrested at G1 from 42.5 ± 2.9% to 55.3 ± 5.7%, 59.8 ± 3.4%, 68.7 ± 4.6%. MMP-2/-9 expression (p < 0.05) was inhibited by resveratrol. The protein levels of histone acetylation (p < 0.01) was increased by resveratrol.Discussion and conclusions: Our results suggest that these effects might be related to a high level of histone acetylation, and resveratrol can be considered as an alternative treatment for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Dai
- Department of Science and Education, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- TCM Basic Clinical Research Office, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Peizheng Lin
- Department of Encephalopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Felix FA, da Silva LP, Lopes MLDDS, Sobral APV, Freitas RDA, de Souza LB, Barboza CAG. DNA base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair proteins in malignant salivary gland tumors. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104987. [PMID: 33202356 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the immunohistochemical expression of the base excision repair (BER) proteins apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) protein xeroderma pigmentosum group F (XPF) in malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs). DESIGN Sixty-two cases of MSGTs were selected, including 14 acinic cell carcinomas (AcCC), 15 polymorphous adenocarcinomas (PAC), 16 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), and 17 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC). The specimens were submitted to quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS All MSGTs exhibited nuclear or nucleo-cytoplasmic immunostaining of APE1, XRCC1 and XPF, with a high percentage of positive cells (median = 78.31, 70.48 and 75.46, respectively). XRCC1 expression was higher in PAC compared to MEC (p = 0.032). Nuclear APE1 immunostaining was significantly higher than nucleo-cytoplasmic expression in the selected MSGTs (p < 0.0001). APE1 expression was significantly associated with T1-T2 tumors in ACC (p = 0.006). Increased expression of XPF was associated with age older than 60 years in MEC (p = 0.015) and with ACC involving the minor salivary gland (p = 0.012), while a lower expression was found in AcCC and ACC patients treated by surgery combined with adjuvant therapy (p = 0.036 and p = 0.020, respectively). Low expression of XRCC1 in the nucleus (p = 0.028) and concomitant expression of this protein in the nucleus/cytoplasm were associated with a lower overall 5-year survival rate (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that BER and NER proteins evaluated are highly expressed in the MSGTs studied, indicating mechanisms of genotoxic control in these tumors. In addition, the dysregulation of XRCC1 expression was a prognostic predictor in MSGTs analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Aragão Felix
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Science, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Science, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Science, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Galvão Barboza
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Science, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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6
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Berglund A, Amankwah EK, Kim YC, Spiess PE, Sexton WJ, Manley B, Park HY, Wang L, Chahoud J, Chakrabarti R, Yeo CD, Luu HN, Pietro GD, Parker A, Park JY. Influence of gene expression on survival of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:8662-8675. [PMID: 32986937 PMCID: PMC7666730 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10%‐20% of patients with clinically localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) at time of surgery will subsequently experience metastatic progression. Although considerable progression was seen in the systemic treatment of metastatic ccRCC in last 20 years, once ccRCC spreads beyond the confines of the kidney, 5‐year survival is less than 10%. Therefore, significant clinical advances are urgently needed to improve overall survival and patient care to manage the growing number of patients with localized ccRCC. We comprehensively evaluated expression of 388 candidate genes related with survival of ccRCC by using TCGA RNAseq (n = 515), Total Cancer Care (TCC) expression array data (n = 298), and a well characterized Moffitt RCC cohort (n = 248). We initially evaluated all 388 genes for association with overall survival using TCGA and TCC data. Eighty‐one genes were selected for further analysis and tested on Moffitt RCC cohort using NanoString expression analysis. Expression of nine genes (AURKA, AURKB, BIRC5, CCNE1, MK167, MMP9, PLOD2, SAA1, and TOP2A) was validated as being associated with poor survival. Survival prognostic models showed that expression of the nine genes and clinical factors predicted the survival in ccRCC patients with AUC value: 0.776, 0.821 and 0.873 for TCGA, TCC and Moffitt data set, respectively. Some of these genes have not been previously implicated in ccRCC survival and thus potentially offer insight into novel therapeutic targets. Future studies are warranted to validate these identified genes, determine their biological mechanisms and evaluate their therapeutic potential in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ernest K Amankwah
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wade J Sexton
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brandon Manley
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hyun Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jad Chahoud
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ratna Chakrabarti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Chang D Yeo
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hung N Luu
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giuliano D Pietro
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Alexander Parker
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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7
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Moreira DGL, Morais EFD, Santos HBDP, Freitas RDA. Immunohistochemical expression of DNA repair proteins in oral tongue and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e101. [PMID: 32901726 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA repair system involves genes and proteins that are essential for the maintenance of genome integrity and the consequent control of various cellular processes. Alterations in these genes and proteins play a role in tumor development and progression and might be associated with prognosis. The aims of this study were to analyze the immunoexpression of two DNA repair proteins, XPF and XRCC1, in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), and to investigate possible associations with clinical and histopathological parameters. The immunohistochemical expression of XPF and XRCC1 was analyzed semi-quantitatively in 40 cases each of LLSCC and OTSCC. The chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test, when appropriate, was used to investigate the association between expression of the proteins and clinicopathological characteristics. The cytoplasmic immunoexpression of XPF was high in OTSCC (95% of the cases analyzed) but low in LLSCC (52.5%). Among the clinicopathological parameters evaluated, a statistically significant association was observed between high nuclear expression of XRCC1 and the absence of regional lymph node metastasis in patients diagnosed with OTSCC (p=0.006). The high protein expression of XPF and XRCC1 in OTSCC and LLSCC suggests an important role in the development and progression of these tumors. Our study found an association between high nuclear expression of XRCC1 and the absence of loco-regional metastasis in cases diagnosed as OTSCC, suggesting a role of this protein in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Gondim Lambert Moreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Centro de Ciênicas da Saúde, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Everton Freitas de Morais
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Centro de Ciênicas da Saúde, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Hellen Bandeira de Pontes Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Centro de Ciênicas da Saúde, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Centro de Ciênicas da Saúde, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
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8
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Liu G, Lu Y, Li L, Jiang T, Chu S, Hou P, Bai J, Chen M. The kinesin motor protein KIF4A as a potential therapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1730-1742. [PMID: 32533288 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin family member 4A (KIF4A) is located in the human chromosome band Xq13.1. It has a highly conserved kinesin motor region at its N-terminus, which is followed by a central coiled-coil region and a C-terminus cargo-binding domain that contains a cysteine-rich motif. It is aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers. Our study aimed to determine the expression of KIF4A in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to gain new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of this disease. Here, we found that KIF4A expression in RCC specimens increased relative to that in normal renal tissues. A significant correlation existed between the expression of KIF4A and the clinicopathologic features of RCC. Elevated KIF4A expression was associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that KIF4A was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in human patients with RCC. CCK-8 proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis, and subcutaneous tumor formation analysis in nude mice consistently showed that KIF4A promoted RCC proliferation. Our findings also indicated that KIF4A functions as an accelerator of RCC metastasis as certified through transwell chamber analysis, wound healing assay, and angiogenesis assay. The expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E2, matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the KIF4A knockdown group were lower than those in the control group and were consistent with those in classic oncogenic pathways. These findings implied that the expression of KIF4A was significantly related to the tumor incidence, metastasis, and prognosis of patients with RCC. Our work provides new breakthroughs for the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The second affiliated Hospital of Soohow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Yachun Lu
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Liantao Li
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Sufang Chu
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Pingfu Hou
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China. .,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The second affiliated Hospital of Soohow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China.
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9
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Expression of DNA repair genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:298-305. [PMID: 32682592 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of DNA repair genes in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). STUDY DESIGN Expression of the MLH1, MSH2, MLH3, ATM, MRE11A, XRCC1, and PMS2 genes was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the OSCC group (32 patients) and the control group (15 patients). The groups were compared by using the Mann-Whitney test, with Bonferroni correction. Associations between gene expression levels and clinical data were explored by using Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients, with P value less than .05 indicating a significant difference. RESULTS The MLH1, MSH2, MLH3, ATM, MRE11A, XRCC1, and PMS2 genes were downregulated in the OSCC group compared with the control group, with significant values for MLH1 (P < .0001); MSH2 (P = .038); MLH3 (P < .0001); ATM (P < .0001); MRE11A (P < .0001); XRCC1 (P = .0004); and PMS2 (P = .008). Analysis of the correlation between gene expression and clinical data only revealed a significant negative correlation between age and expression of the PMS2 gene. CONCLUSIONS Expression of the DNA repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MLH3, ATM, MRE11 AMRE11A, XRCC1, and PMS2 was reduced in OSCC.
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10
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Ali R, Alabdullah M, Alblihy A, Miligy I, Mesquita KA, Chan SY, Moseley P, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. PARP1 blockade is synthetically lethal in XRCC1 deficient sporadic epithelial ovarian cancers. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:124-133. [PMID: 31669203 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PARP1 inhibitor (Niraparib, Olaparib, Rucaparib) maintenance therapy improves progression-free survival in platinum sensitive sporadic epithelial ovarian cancers. However, biomarkers of response to PARPi therapy is yet to be clearly defined. XRCC1, a scaffolding protein, interacts with PARP1 during BER and SSBR. In a large clinical cohort of 525 sporadic ovarian cancers, high XRCC1 or high PARP1 protein levels was not only associated with aggressive phenotypes but was also significantly linked with poor progression-free survival (p = 0.048 & p = 0.001 respectively) and poor ovarian cancer-specific survival (p = 0.020 & p = 0.008 respectively). Pre-clinically, Olaparib and Talazoparib therapy were selectively toxic in XRCC1 deficient or knock-out platinum sensitive ovarian cancer cells in 2D and 3D models. Increased sensitivity was associated with DNA double-strand break accumulation, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell accumulation. We conclude that XRCC1 deficiency predicts sensitivity to PARP inhibitor therapy. PARP1 targeting is a promising new approach in XRCC1 deficient ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ali
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Muslim Alabdullah
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK
| | - Adel Alblihy
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Islam Miligy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK
| | - Katia A Mesquita
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Stephen Yt Chan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Paul Moseley
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
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Xiong T, Li Z, Huang X, Lu K, Xie W, Zhou Z, Tu J. TO901317 inhibits the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by LXRα/Glut1 decreasing glycometabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G598-G607. [PMID: 30817182 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00061.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to observe the effect and possible mechanism of TO901317 in vivo and in vitro to provide a new basis for the targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expressions of liver X receptor (LXR)-α, glucose transporter (Glut)-1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were analyzed from HCC public database (NCBI PubMed database). The result showed that LXRα was downregulated, whereas Glut1, PCNA, and MMP9 were upregulated in human HCC compared with normal liver. Furthermore, LXRα mRNA was negatively correlated with Glut1 mRNA. At the same time, HCC cells were cultivated in vitro and axillary injected in nude mice to establish the xenograft model. The xenograft in the TO901317-treated group was slower and smaller than the control group. The protein expression of LXRα, Glut1, and MMP9 could be detected by Western blot and glucose level. As a result, TO901317 could inhibit the cell proliferation of HCC in a dose-dependent manner by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. With the increase of TO901317 concentration, the cellular glucose concentration and ATP level were gradually decreased. Western blot results showed TO901317 could upregulate LXRα expression but downregulate MMP9 and Glut1 expression. Transwell and wound-healing analysis confirmed that, by increasing the concentration of TO901317, the cell invasion and migration were both decreased. LXRα small-interfering RNA (siRNA) could relieve the suppression effect of TO901317 on the cell invasion and migration and the expression of LXRα, Glut1, and MMP9. The glucose concentration was also raised. TO901317 could repress the progress of HCC cells by reducing the glucose concentration, upregulating LXRα expression, but downregulating the expression of Glut1 and MMP9. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This subject confirmed that TO901317, a specific liver X receptor agonist, could inhibit the progression of liver cancer through upregulating liver X receptor-α, downregulating the expression of glucose transporter-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and decreasing the glucose content in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiong
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelong Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqiang Lu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiquan Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Relationship between expression of XRCC1 and tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in glioma. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:646-657. [PMID: 30328556 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, XRCC1 polymorphisms were reported to be associated with glioma in Chinese population. However, only a few studies reported on the XRCC1 expression, and cancer progression. In this study, we investigated whether XRCC1 plays a role in glioma pathogenesis. Using the tissue microarray technology, we found that XRCC1 expression is significantly decreased in glioma compared with tumor adjacent normal brain tissue (P < 0.01, χ2 test) and reduced XRCC1 staining was associated with WHO stages (P < 0.05, χ2 test). The mRNA and protein levels of XRCC1 were significantly downregulated in human primary glioma tissues (P < 0.001, χ2 test). We also found that XRCC1 was significantly decreased in glioma cell lines compared to normal human astrocytes (P < 0.01, χ2 test). Overexpression of XRCC1 dramatically reduced the proliferation and caused cessation of cell cycle. The reduced cell proliferation is due to G1 phase arrest as cyclin D1 is diminished whereas p16 is upregulated. We further demonstrated that XRCC1 overexpression suppressed the glioma cell migration and invasion abilities by targeting MMP-2. In addition, we also found that overexpression of XRCC1 sharply inhibited angiogenesis, which correlated with down-regulation of VEGF. The data indicate that XRCC1 may be a tumor suppressor involved in the progression of glioma.
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Ali R, Al-Kawaz A, Toss MS, Green AR, Miligy IM, Mesquita KA, Seedhouse C, Mirza S, Band V, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. Targeting PARP1 in XRCC1-Deficient Sporadic Invasive Breast Cancer or Preinvasive Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Induces Synthetic Lethality and Chemoprevention. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6818-6827. [PMID: 30297533 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
: Targeting PARP1 for synthetic lethality is a new strategy for breast cancers harboring germline mutations in BRCA. However, these mutations are rare, and reactivation of BRCA-mediated pathways may result in eventual resistance to PARP1 inhibitor therapy. Alternative synthetic lethality approaches targeting more common sporadic breast cancers and preinvasive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are desirable. Here we show that downregulation of XRCC1, which interacts with PARP1 and coordinates base excision repair, is an early event in human breast cancer pathogenesis. XRCC1-deficient DCIS were aggressive and associated with increased risk of local recurrence. Human invasive breast cancers deficient in XRCC1 and expressing high PARP1 levels also manifested aggressive features and poor outcome. The PARP1 inhibitor olaparib was synthetically lethal in XRCC1-deficient DCIS and invasive breast cancer cells. We conclude that targeting PARP1 is an attractive strategy for synthetic lethality and chemoprevention in XRCC1-deficient breast cancers, including preinvasive DCIS. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that loss of XRCC1, which is associated with more malignant DCIS, can be exploited by PARP inhibition, suggesting its application as a promising therapeutic and chemoprevention strategy in XRCC1-deficient tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ali
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulbaqi Al-Kawaz
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Toss
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Green
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Islam M Miligy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katia A Mesquita
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Seedhouse
- Academic Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom. .,Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Cultivated and wild Pleurotus ferulae ethanol extracts inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth via inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress- and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13984. [PMID: 30228276 PMCID: PMC6143524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ferulae is a kind of editable mushroom and has various biological functions such as antitumor, antioxidation and immunoregulation. Wild P. ferulae was successfully domesticated but the antitumor function and mechanisms of cultivated and wild P. ferulae need to be compared and explored. Here, we prepared cultivated and wild P. ferulae ethanol extracts (PFEE-C and PFEE-W) and compared their antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma. Our data showed that PFEE-C and PFEE-W significantly inhibited the growth of H22 and HepG2 cells through induction of apoptosis. PFEE-W exhibited higher antitumor activity than PFEE-C. Both PFEE-C and PFEE-W induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress characterized by the up-regulated levels of phosphorylated JNK, cleaved caspase-12 and HSP70, and mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c, which promoted the cleavage of caspase-3, -7, -9 and PARP. Moreover, PFEE-C and PFEE-W significantly increased ROS generation in H22 cells and suppressed H22 cell migration through reducing the levels of matrix metalloproteinase -2 and -9. Further, PFEE-C inhibited H22 tumor growth in mouse model and improved the survival of tumor mice. These results indicated that PFEE-C and PFEE-W could inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth through ER stress- and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways.
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AIM2 is a potential therapeutic target in human renal carcinoma and suppresses its invasion and metastasis via enhancing autophagy induction. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:561-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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