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Abd El Fattah YK, Abulsoud AI, AbdelHamid SG, AbdelHalim S, Hamdy NM. CCDC144NL-AS1/hsa-miR-143-3p/HMGA2 interaction: In-silico and clinically implicated in CRC progression, correlated to tumor stage and size in case-controlled study; step toward ncRNA precision. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126739. [PMID: 37690651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Unravel the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA CCDC144NL-AS1 in CRC hsa-miR-143-3p, downstream protein HMGA2 interaction arm, association with clinicopathological characteristics. Using peripheral blood as liquid biopsy from 60 CRC patients and 30 controls. The expression levels of CCDC144NL-AS1 and hsa-miR-143-3p detected by qRT-PCR. CCDC144NL-AS1 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC patients' sera, associated with worse CRC clinicopathological features regarding the depth of tumor invasion and highly significant difference between tumor stages 3 and 4 and tumor stages 2 and 4. While, hsa-miR-143-3p expression was downregulated in CRC patients by 4.5-fold change when compared to the control subjects (p < 0.0001) and HMGA2 increased in CRC patients than controls 19.59 ng/μL and 5.377 ng/μL, respectively (p < 0.0001) with significant difference between tumor stages 3 and 4 as well as tumor stages 2 and 4. CRC patients with large tumor size showed upregulation in CCDC144NL-AS1 expression and HMGA2 levels compared to those with small tumor size (p-value = 0.0365 and 0.013, respectively). CCDC144NL-AS1 and HMGA2 were positively correlated, whereas lncRNA CCDC144NL-AS1 and hsa-miR-143-3p were negatively correlated. Conclusion: As an interaction arm CCDC144NL-AS1/hsa-miR-143-3p/HMGA2 were correlated to CRC stages 2-4. Therefore, this interaction arm expression clinically and in silico approved, would direct treatment precision in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine K Abd El Fattah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, El Salam City, 11785, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, El Salam City, 11785, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boy's Branch), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherihan G AbdelHamid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif AbdelHalim
- Department of General surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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Bai L, Dong K, Tong D, Shi X, Wei S, Cai Y. lncRNA HIT000218960 enhances resistance to 5‑fluorouracil by promoting HMGA2 and activating the AKT/mTOR/P70S6K pathway in gastric cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:527. [PMID: 35837027 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 970th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Kunbo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 970th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Deyong Tong
- Department of Oncology, The 970th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuna Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 970th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Sirong Wei
- Department of Intervention, The 970th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Yongguo Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 970th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
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miR-142-3p simultaneously targets HMGA1, HMGA2, HMGB1, and HMGB3 and inhibits tumorigenic properties and in-vivo metastatic potential of human cervical cancer cells. Life Sci 2021; 291:120268. [PMID: 34973275 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High-mobility group (HMG) proteins are oncogenic in different cancers, including cervical cancer; silencing their individual expression using sh-RNAs, siRNAs, and miRNAs has had anti-tumorigenic effects, but the consequences of their collective downregulation are not known. Since multiple gene targeting is generally very effective in cancer therapy, the present study highlighted the consequences of silencing the expression of HMGA1, A2, B1, and B3 using sh-RNAs or miR-142-3p (that can potentially target HMGA1, A2, B1, and B3) in cervical cancer cell lines. MAIN METHODS 3' UTR luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate HMGA1, A2, B1, and B3 as targets of miR-142-3p in human cervical cancer cells. Annexin V/PI dual staining and flow cytometry analyses were used to detect apoptotic cells. miR-142-3p-mediated regulation of cell death, colony formation, migration, and invasion was investigated in human cervical cancer cells together with in vivo metastasis in zebrafish. KEY FINDINGS Concurrent knockdown of HMGA1, A2, B1, and B3 through their corresponding sh-RNAs inhibited cell viability and colony formation but induced apoptosis, and these effects were relatively reduced upon their individual knockdown. miR-142-3p targeted HMGA1, A2, B1, and B3 by binding to their 3'UTRs and induced apoptosis but inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of human cervical cancer cells. In addition, miR-142-3p expression decreased phospho-p65 and EMT-related proteins in cervical cancer cells and their in vivo metastatic potential upon implantation in zebrafish. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that miR-142-3p acts as a tumor-suppressive miRNA by targeting HMGA1, A2, B1, and B3 and may serve as a potential therapeutic agent in human cervical cancer.
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Gundlach JP, Hauser C, Schlegel FM, Willms A, Halske C, Röder C, Krüger S, Röcken C, Becker T, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A. Prognostic significance of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: malignant functions of cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3313-3324. [PMID: 34302528 PMCID: PMC8484217 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE HMGA2 has frequently been found in benign as well as malignant tumors and a significant association between HMGA2 overexpression and poor survival in different malignancies was described. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), nuclear HMGA2 expression is associated with tumor dedifferentiation and presence of lymph node metastasis. Nevertheless, the impact of HMGA2 occurrence in other cell compartments is unknown. METHODS Intracellular distribution of HMGA2 was analyzed in PDAC (n = 106) and peritumoral, non-malignant ducts (n = 28) by immunohistochemistry. Findings were correlated with clinico-pathological data. Additionally, intracellular HMGA2 presence was studied by Western blotting of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of cultured cells. RESULTS HMGA2 was found in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of cultured cells. In human tumor tissue, HMGA2 was also frequently found in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of tumor cells, however, nuclear staining was generally stronger. Direct comparison from tumor tissue with corresponding non-neoplastic peritumoral tissue revealed significantly stronger expression in tumors (p = 0.003). Of note, the nuclear staining was significantly stronger in lymph node metastatic cell nuclei compared to primary tumor cell nuclei (p = 0.049). Interestingly, cytoplasmic staining positively correlated with lymph vessel (p = 0.004) and venous invasion (p = 0.046). CONCLUSION HMGA2 is a prognostic marker in PDAC. Firstly, we found a positive correlation for cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression with lympho-vascular invasion and, secondly, we found a significantly stronger nuclear expression of HMGA2 in cancer-positive lymph node nuclei compared to primary tumor cell nuclei. So far, the role of cytoplasmic HMGA2 is nearly unknown, however, our data lend support to the hypothesis that cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression is involved in nodal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franka Maria Schlegel
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Willms
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Halske
- Department of Pathology, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Röder
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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The utility of high-mobility group A2 overexpression for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and its contribution to poor prognosis via chemoresistance and the propensity for the occurrence of carcinomatosis peritonei. Surgery 2020; 169:1213-1220. [PMID: 33376002 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to elucidate the correlation of high-mobility group protein A2 overexpression with gastric cancer prognosis and compare its prognostic power with that of pre-existing markers. METHODS Malignant tissues from 396 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy from 2008 to 2012 were examined. High-mobility group protein A2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the sensitivity and specificity for predicting disease progression and overall survival of high-mobility group protein A2 and the prognostic biomarkers p53, Ki-67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, cyclooxygenase-2, and epidermal growth factor receptor were compared. RESULTS A total of 95 samples (24.1%) showed high-mobility group protein A2 overexpression, which was related to advanced stage, undifferentiated histology, and lymphatic and perineural invasion. Additionally, high-mobility group protein A2 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis for disease progression and overall survival. Based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis disease progression and overall survival, the high-mobility group protein A2-overexpressing patients showed worse survival. The recurrence pattern of peritoneal dissemination was more frequently observed in high-mobility group protein A2-positive group. Moreover, chemoresistance was more frequently observed in the high-mobility group protein A2-positive group. High-mobility group protein A2 exhibited a better ability for predicting disease progression and overall survival than other markers, and the prognostic power was enhanced when high-mobility group protein A2 was used with these markers. CONCLUSION High-mobility group protein A2 overexpression is associated with chemoresistance and a propensity for carcinomatosis peritonei after surgery in patients with gastric cancer. The power to predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer can be enhanced with the use of preexisting biomarkers and high-mobility group protein A2.
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Heilmann T, Vondung F, Borzikowsky C, Krüger S, Elessawy M, Alkatout I, Wenners A, Bauer M, Klapper W, Röcken C, Maass N, Schem C, Trauzold A. Cytoplasmic levels of high mobility group A2 determine survival prognoses in breast cancer patients. Int J Biol Markers 2020; 35:20-28. [PMID: 32394766 DOI: 10.1177/1724600820917990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group A proteins are involved in chromatin remodeling, thereby influencing multiple fundamental biological processes. HMGA2 has been linked to oncogenic traits among a variety of malignancies. OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic implications of subcellular distribution patterns of HMGA2 in breast cancer. METHODS Nuclear and cytoplasmic HMGA2 was evaluated in 342 breast cancer specimens and matched with clinico-pathological parameters. RESULTS Overall and cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, levels of HMGA2 correlated with better survival prognoses in our collective (hazard ratio (HR) 0.34, P = 0.001 and HR 0.34, P < 0.001, respectively). The protective effect of cytoplasmic HMGA2 persisted in the Luminal A and triple negative breast cancer subgroups. Evaluating Luminal A and B subgroups jointly, only cytoplasmic, but not overall or nuclear HMGA2 levels were associated with better survival (HR 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.21, 0.86, P = 0.017), irrespective of tumor size and node status. The addition of HMGA2 overall and cytoplasmic scores strengthened the prognostic selectivity in a model of conventional breast cancer risk factors. No predictive significance with regard to endocrine or chemoendocrine therapies was observed. CONCLUSION Unexpectedly, we found a favorable survival probability upon overall levels of HMGA2 in our breast cancer collective, which was predominantly determined by the presence of HMGA2 in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Heilmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Vondung
- Department of Pathology, General Pathology and Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Borzikowsky
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, General Pathology and Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohamed Elessawy
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, General Pathology and Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, General Pathology and Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Anna Trauzold
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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An Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Repurposes an Antihelminthic Drug Niclosamide for Treating HMGA2-Overexpressing Human Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101482. [PMID: 31581665 PMCID: PMC6826424 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant overexpression of high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is frequently found in cancers and HMGA2 has been considered an anticancer therapeutic target. In this study, a pan-cancer genomics survey based on Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data indicated that HMGA2 was mainly overexpressed in gastrointestinal cancers including colorectal cancer. Intriguingly, HMGA2 overexpression had no prognostic impacts on cancer patients’ overall and disease-free survivals. In addition, HMGA2-overexpressing colorectal cancer cell lines did not display higher susceptibility to a previously identified HMGA2 inhibitor (netroposin). By microarray profiling of HMGA2-driven gene signature and subsequent Connectivity Map (CMap) database mining, we identified that S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) may be a druggable vulnerability for HMGA2-overexpressing colorectal cancer. A repurposing S100A4 inhibitor, niclosamide, was found to reverse the HMGA2-driven gene signature both in colorectal cancer cell lines and patients’ tissues. In vitro and in vivo experiments validated that HMGA2-overexpressing colorectal cancer cells were more sensitive to niclosamide. However, inhibition of S100A4 by siRNAs and other inhibitors was not sufficient to exert effects like niclosamide. Further RNA sequencing analysis identified that niclosamide inhibited more cell-cycle-related gene expression in HMGA2-overexpressing colorectal cancer cells, which may explain its selective anticancer effect. Together, our study repurposes an anthelminthic drug niclosamide for treating HMGA2-overexpression colorectal cancer.
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Nie D, Yang E, Li Z. Pretreatment thrombocytosis predict poor prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:73. [PMID: 30646853 PMCID: PMC6332560 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several previous studies have confirmed that thrombocytosis was related to reduced survival in many solid tumors. However, the prognostic significance of thrombocytosis in endometrial carcinoma (EC) was still controversy. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the prognostic value of thrombocytosis in EC. METHODS The database including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science was searched to explore available literature. Above all, the hazard ratio (HR), odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to investigate the correlation between thrombocytosis and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, the association between thrombocytosis and patient clinicopathological characteristics was explored. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis also were conducted in this study. RESULTS Overall, 11 studies involving 3439 patients were contained in this study. The results revealed that pretreatment thrombocytosis was significantly related to a decreased OS (pooled HR = 2.99; 95% CI = 2.35-3.8; P < 0.001) and DFS (pooled HR = 2.86; 95% CI = 2.27-3.6; P < 0.001) in patients with EC. Moreover, thrombocytosis was correlated with adverse clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment thrombocytosis is an adverse prognostic marker in patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
| | - E. Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
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Wang WY, Cao YX, Zhou X, Wei B, Zhan L, Fu LT. HMGA2 gene silencing reduces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer through inhibiting the ATR/Chk1 signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3036-3052. [PMID: 30416649 PMCID: PMC6220229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many cervical cancer (CC) patients suffer from cancer invasion and lymph node metastasis, resulting in poor therapeutic outcome. Evidence has indicated the involvement of misexpressed high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in poor survival of cancer patients. This study hereby aims to investigate the role of HMGA2 in CC cell biological functions via the ATR/Chk1 signaling pathway. The cell line with the highest HMGA2 expression was selected to establish cell lines with wild-type and stable HMGA2 silencing. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of HMGA2 in CC cells were analyzed with the treatment of the ATR/Chk1 signaling pathway activator, inhibitor, shRNA against HMGA2 or pcDNA-HMGA2 plasmids, followed by quantification of expression levels of ATR, Chk1, Bcl-2, Bax, MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin and N-cadherin. CC cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, invasion and lymph node metastasis in nude mice were evaluated. The HeLa cell line with the highest HMGA2 expression was selected. HMGA2 inhibited the activation of the ATR/Chk1 signaling pathway. Notably, HMGA2 silencing or inhibition of the ATR/Chk1 signaling pathway inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), CC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, tumorigenicity and lymph node metastasis while promoting apoptosis, indicated by reduced expression of Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9 and N-cadherin, with increased expression of E-cadherin and Bax. Collectively, our study provides evidence that HMGA2 gene silencing inhibits the activation of the ATR/Chk1 signaling pathway, whereby repressing EMT, proliferation, migration and invasion of CC cells and lymph node metastasis, and promoting CC cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui Province, P. R. China
- Teaching and Research Group of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Xia Cao
- Teaching and Research Group of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Tao Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui Province, P. R. China
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