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Arellano-Ballestero H, Sabry M, Lowdell MW. A Killer Disarmed: Natural Killer Cell Impairment in Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:633. [PMID: 36831300 PMCID: PMC9954109 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) treatment remains a big challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease and its ability to progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The only curative option is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but most patients are unfit for this procedure and are left with only palliative treatment options, causing a big unmet need in the context of this disease. Natural killer (NK) cells are attractive candidates for MDS immunotherapy due to their ability to target myeloid leukemic cells without prior sensitization, and in recent years we have seen an arising number of clinical trials in AML and, recently, MDS. NK cells are reported to be highly dysfunctional in MDS patients, which can be overcome by adoptive NK cell immunotherapy or activation of endogenous NK cells. Here, we review the role of NK cells in MDS, the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to NK cell impairment, and the most recent data from NK cell-based clinical trials in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - May Sabry
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London NW3 5PF, UK
- InmuneBio Inc., Boca Raton, FL 33432, USA
- Novamune Ltd., London WC2R 1DJ, UK
| | - Mark W. Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London NW3 5PF, UK
- InmuneBio Inc., Boca Raton, FL 33432, USA
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Urao N, Liu J, Takahashi K, Ganesh G. Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Wound Healing Response. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:598-621. [PMID: 34353116 PMCID: PMC9419985 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Emerging evidence has shown a link between the status of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and wound healing responses. Thus, better understanding HSCs will contribute to further advances in wound healing research. Recent Advances: Myeloid cells such as neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages are critical players in the process of wound healing. HSCs actively respond to wound injury and other tissue insults, including infection and produce the effector myeloid cells, and a failing of the HSC response can result in impaired wound healing. Technological advances such as transcriptome at single-cell resolution, epigenetics, three-dimensional imaging, transgenic animals, and animal models, have provided novel concepts of myeloid generation (myelopoiesis) from HSCs, and have revealed cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms that can impact HSC functions in the context of health conditions. Critical Issues: The newer concepts include-the programmed cellular fate at a differentiation stage that is used to be considered as the multilineage, the signaling pathways that can activate HSCs directly and indirectly, the mechanisms that can deteriorate HSCs, the roles and remodeling of the surrounding environment for HSCs and their progenitors (the niche). Future Directions: The researches on HSCs, which produce blood cells, should contribute to the development of blood biomarkers predicting a risk of chronic wounds, which may transform clinical practice of wound care with precision medicine for patients at high risk of poor healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Urao
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Correspondence: Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Weiskotten Hall Room 5322, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Gayathri Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Dausinas Ni P, Basile C, Junge C, Hartman M, O’Leary HA. Hypoxia and Hematopoiesis. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Exploiting the Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 and Pseudohypoxia in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084099. [PMID: 33921064 PMCID: PMC8071466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem (HSCs) and/or progenitor cells disorders. The established dependence of MDS progenitors on the hypoxic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment turned scientific interests to the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 facilitates quiescence maintenance and regulates differentiation by manipulating HSCs metabolism, being thus an appealing research target. Therefore, we examine the aberrant HIF-1 stabilization in BMs from MDS patients and controls (CTRLs). Using a nitroimidazole–indocyanine conjugate, we show that HIF-1 aberrant expression and transcription activity is oxygen independent, establishing the phenomenon of pseudohypoxia in MDS BM. Next, we examine mitochondrial quality and quantity along with levels of autophagy in the differentiating myeloid lineage isolated from fresh BM MDS and CTRL aspirates given that both phenomena are HIF-1 dependent. We show that the mitophagy of abnormal mitochondria and autophagic death are prominently featured in the MDS myeloid lineage, their severity increasing with intra-BM blast counts. Finally, we use in vitro cultured CD34+ HSCs isolated from fresh human BM aspirates to manipulate HIF-1 expression and examine its potential as a therapeutic target. We find that despite being cultured under 21% FiO2, HIF-1 remained aberrantly stable in all MDS cultures. Inhibition of the HIF-1α subunit had a variable beneficial effect in all <5%-intra-BM blasts-MDS, while it had no effect in CTRLs or in ≥5%-intra-BM blasts-MDS that uniformly died within 3 days of culture. We conclude that HIF-1 and pseudohypoxia are prominently featured in MDS pathobiology, and their manipulation has some potential in the therapeutics of benign MDS.
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Vlaski-Lafarge M, Labat V, Brandy A, Refeyton A, Duchez P, Rodriguez L, Gibson N, Brunet de la Grange P, Ivanovic Z. Normal Hematopoetic Stem and Progenitor Cells Can Exhibit Metabolic Flexibility Similar to Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:713. [PMID: 32528878 PMCID: PMC7247845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the largest proliferative capacity survive the anoxic and/or ischemic conditions present inside tumorous tissue. In this study we test whether normal stem cells can survive under the same conditions due to cancer cell-like metabolic adaptations. We cultivated a CD34+ population with a majority of hematopoietic progenitors, and a CD34+CD38lowCD133+CD90+CD45RA− population, highly enriched in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), under anoxic, anoxic/aglycemic (“ischemia-like”), or physiological conditions (3% O2). Results showed, despite a reduction in total cell fold expansion proportionate to the decrease in O2 concentration; CD34+ cells, aldehyde dehydrogenase-expressing primitive cells, and committed progenitors expanded, even in anoxia. Interestingly, under ischemia-like conditions, stem and CD34+ cell populations are maintained at day-0 level. Cell-cycle analysis further revealed an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase in anoxia or anoxia/aglycemia, with a fraction of cells (~40%) actively cycling (SG2M phases). Also stem cell analysis showed that in these conditions a long-term Scid Repopulating activity was equal to that found with 3% O2. In addition stem cells with the highest proliferative capacity were maintained in anoxia/aglycemia and in anoxia. The estimated ATP profile, active mitochondrial content, and succinate accumulation are indicative of anaerobic mitochondrial respiration in both HSCs and CD34+ progenitors under ischemia-like conditions. We demonstrate here that primitive hematopoietic cells show similar metabolic flexibility to CSCs, allowing them to survive a lack of O2 and O2/glucose. Our study reveals that this feature is not the consequence of malignant transformation, but an attribute of stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Vlaski-Lafarge
- R&D Department, Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm/U1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Veronique Labat
- R&D Department, Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm/U1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Brandy
- R&D Department, Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm/U1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Refeyton
- R&D Department, Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm/U1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Duchez
- R&D Department, Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm/U1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Rodriguez
- R&D Department, Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm/U1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nyere Gibson
- R&D Department, Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Brunet de la Grange
- R&D Department, Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm/U1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zoran Ivanovic
- R&D Department, Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm/U1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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