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Zhang C, Ma L, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Li X, Qin J, Ren Y, Hu Z, Zhao Q, Shen W, Cheng Y. Estimating pathological prognostic factors in epithelial ovarian cancers using apparent diffusion coefficients of functional tumor volume. Eur J Radiol 2024; 176:111514. [PMID: 38776804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the utility of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of whole tumor volume (WTV) and functional tumor volume (FTV) in determining the pathologicalprognostic factors in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs). METHODS A total of 155 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with EOC between January 2017 and August 2022 and underwent both conventional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging were assessed in this study. The maximum, minimum, and mean ADC values of the whole tumor (ADCwmax, ADCwmin, and ADCwmean, respectively) and functional tumor (ADCfmax, ADCfmin, and ADCfmean, respectively) as well as the WTV and FTV were derived from the ADC maps. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used to assess the correlation between these ADC values and the pathological prognostic factors, namely subtypes, lymph node metastasis (LNM), Ki-67 index, and p53 expression. RESULTS The ADCfmean value was significantly lower in type II EOC, LNM-positive, and high-Ki-67 index groups compared to the type I EOC, LNM-negative, and low-Ki-67 index groups (p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, the ADCwmean and ADCfmean values were lower in the mutant-p53 group compared to the wild-type-p53 group (p ≤ 0.001). Additionally, the ADCfmean showed the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) for evaluating type II EOC (0.725), LNM-positive (0.782), and high-Ki-67 index (0.688) samples among the given ROC curves, while both ADCwmean and ADCfmean showed high AUCs for assessing p53 expression (0.694 and 0.678, respectively). CONCLUSION The FTV-derived ADC values, especially ADCfmean, can be used to assess preoperative prognostic factors in EOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Luyang Ma
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhijing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaotian Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jiaming Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhandong Hu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Pampeno C, Opp S, Hurtado A, Meruelo D. Sindbis Virus Vaccine Platform: A Promising Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Approach for Ovarian Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2925. [PMID: 38474178 PMCID: PMC10932354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of a novel Sindbis virus vaccine platform as potential immunotherapy for ovarian cancer patients. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies. The majority of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Current treatment options are very aggressive and limited, resulting in tumor recurrences and 50-60% patient mortality within 5 years. The unique properties of armed oncolytic Sindbis virus vectors (SV) in vivo have garnered significant interest in recent years to potently target and treat ovarian cancer. We discuss the molecular biology of Sindbis virus, its mechanisms of action against ovarian cancer cells, preclinical in vivo studies, and future perspectives. The potential of Sindbis virus-based therapies for ovarian cancer treatment holds great promise and warrants further investigation. Investigations using other oncolytic viruses in preclinical studies and clinical trials are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pampeno
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Alicia Hurtado
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Meruelo
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
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3
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Bates M, Mullen D, Lee E, Costigan D, Heron EA, Kernan N, Barry-O'Crowley J, Martin C, Keegan H, Malone V, Brooks RD, Brooks DA, Logan JM, Martini C, Selemidis S, McFadden J, O'Riain C, Spillane CD, Gallagher MF, McCann A, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ. P53 and TLR4 expression are prognostic markers informing progression free survival of advanced stage high grade serous ovarian cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155020. [PMID: 38103365 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE New prognostic biomarkers, and bio-signatures, are urgently needed to facilitate a precision medicine-based approach to more effectively treat patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). In this study, we analysed the expression patterns of a series of candidate protein biomarkers. METHODS The panel of markers which included MyD88, TLR4, MAD2, PR, OR, WT1, p53, p16, CD10 and Ki67 was assessed using immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray (TMA) cohort of n = 80 patients, composed of stage 3-4 HGSCs. Each marker was analysed for their potential to predict both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS TLR4 and p53 were found to be individually predictive of poorer PFS (Log Rank, p = 0.017, p = 0.030 respectively). Cox regression analysis also identified high p53 and TLR4 expression as prognostic factors for reduced PFS (p53; HR=1.785, CI=1.036-3.074, p = 0.037 and TLR4; HR=2.175, CI=1.112-4.253, p = 0.023). Multivariate forward conditional Cox regression analysis, examining all markers, identified a combined signature composed of p53 and TLR4 as prognostic for reduced PFS (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION Combined p53 and TLR4 marker assessment may help to aid treatment stratification for patients diagnosed with advanced-stage HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Dorinda Mullen
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear Lee
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Danielle Costigan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth A Heron
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Kernan
- Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Julie McFadden
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciaran O'Riain
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathy D Spillane
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael F Gallagher
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin and UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, UCD, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Miceska S, Škof E, Gašljević G, Kloboves-Prevodnik V. Morphological and Immunocytochemical Characterization of Tumor Spheroids in Ascites from High-Grade Serous Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:2390. [PMID: 37830603 PMCID: PMC10572258 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor spheroids in the ascites of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) are poorly described. Our objective was to describe their morphological features, cellular composition, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression, and survival correlation of these parameters. The density and size of spheroids were assessed in Giemsa-stained smears; the cell composition of spheroids, including tumor cells, immune cells, capillaries, and myofibroblasts, as well as PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells was assessed in immunocytochemically stained cell block sections. Forty-seven patients with primary HGSC and malignant ascites were included. A cut-off value for a spheroid density of 10% was established, which significantly predicted overall survival. However, spheroid size did not correlate with survival outcomes. Spheroids were primarily composed of tumor cells, but the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages was also confirmed. Moreover, capillaries were present in the spheroids of three patients, but the presence of myofibroblasts was not confirmed. PD-1 was expressed on lymphocytes but not on tumor cells. PD-L1 expression was seen on both tumor and immune cells, assessed by 22C3 and SP263 antibody clones but not by the SP142 clone. Our results highlight the potential of routine cytopathological techniques to analyze spheroids in HGSC ascites as a valuable tool to investigate their potential as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Miceska
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova Ulica 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Erik Škof
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova Ulica 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gorana Gašljević
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kloboves-Prevodnik
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Rubina H, Ratnagiri R, Uppin MS, Ayesha S, Lakshmi K M, Chowdary SB, Uppin SG. A Clinical and Immunopathological Analysis of Carcinoma of the Ovary with an Emphasis on Post-chemotherapy Histopathologic Changes. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:545-552. [PMID: 37900629 PMCID: PMC10611652 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors that differ with respect to pathogenesis, morphology, molecular features, and behavior. Pathologists and clinicians need to be aware of the advances in diagnosis and the changes which occur after chemotherapy to offer the optimal treatment to each patient. The present work aims to study the morphologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) profile of primary ovarian cancers with an assessment of post-chemotherapy changes. A total of 51 cases were included in the study from June 2017 to June 2019 (prospective and retrospective). The demographic and clinical details of the patients were collected. The gross and microscopic features of the tumors were studied, and the post-chemotherapy changes were evaluated. A chi-square test was used to determine the association of tumor morphology, the chemotherapy response score (CRS), and stage of the tumor with survival (PFS and OS). The mean patient age was 47.5 years, and high-grade serous carcinoma (66.6%) (HGSC) was the most common subtype followed by mucinous carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis with WT1 and p53 helped in the diagnosis of HGSC. The CRS was 1 and 2 in most of the cases. The follow-up for patients of HGSC was available for a period of 1-27 months with a mean survival for primary resection of 24 months and for post-NACT resection was 17 months. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.38). High-grade serous carcinoma was the most common ovarian cancer in our series, and immunohistochemistry played an important role in the diagnosis. We could not demonstrate any survival benefit of preoperative chemotherapy in our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rubina
- Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad Punjagutta, India
| | - Ranganath Ratnagiri
- Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad Punjagutta, India
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderbad, India
| | - Megha S. Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad Punjagutta, India
| | - Sobiya Ayesha
- Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad Punjagutta, India
| | - Meher Lakshmi K
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Stalin Bala Chowdary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shantveer G. Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad Punjagutta, India
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Craig O, Nigam A, Dall GV, Gorringe K. Rare Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: Low Grade Serous and Mucinous Carcinomas. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a038190. [PMID: 37277207 PMCID: PMC10513165 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ovarian epithelial cancer histotypes can be divided into common and rare types. Common types include high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and the endometriosis-associated cancers, endometrioid and clear-cell carcinomas. The less common histotypes are mucinous and low-grade serous, each comprising less than 10% of all epithelial carcinomas. Although histologically and epidemiologically distinct from each other, these histotypes share some genetic and natural history features that distinguish them from the more common types. In this review, we will consider the similarities and differences of these rare histological types, and the clinical challenges they pose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Craig
- Department of Laboratory Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Abhimanyu Nigam
- Department of Laboratory Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Kylie Gorringe
- Department of Laboratory Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Tomonobe H, Ohishi Y, Hachisuga K, Yahata H, Kato K, Oda Y. High-grade Serous Carcinoma can Show Squamoid Morphology Mimicking True Squamous Differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:967-976. [PMID: 37382102 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HG-SC) and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (EC) can show overlapping morphologic features, such as glandular and solid patterns. The differential diagnosis of these subtypes is thus sometimes difficult. The existence of "squamous differentiation" tends to lead to a diagnosis of EC rather than HG-SC. We noticed that HG-SC can contain a "squamoid component," but its nature has been poorly investigated. This study was thus established to clarify the nature of this "squamoid component" in HG-SC by investigating its frequency and immunohistochemical features. We reviewed hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of 237 primary untreated cases of tubo-ovarian HG-SC and identified 16 cases (6.7%) of HG-SC with "squamoid component." An immunohistochemical staining panel (CK5/6, CK14, CK903, p40, p63, WT1, ER, and PgR) was used to analyze all of these 16 cases. We also selected 14 cases of ovarian EC with "squamous differentiation" as a control. The "squamoid component" in HG-SC was completely p40-negative and showed significantly lower expression of CK5/6, CK14, CK903, and p63 than the "squamous differentiation" in EC. The immunophenotype of the "squamoid component" in HG-SC was concordant with the conventional HG-SC component (WT1-positive/ER-positive). Furthermore, all 16 tumors were confirmed to be truly "HG-SC" by the findings of aberrant p53 staining pattern and/or WT1/p16 positivity, and the lack of mismatch repair deficiency and POLE mutation. In conclusion, HG-SC can on rare occasions show a "squamoid component" mimicking "squamous differentiation." However, the "squamoid component" in HG-SC does not represent true "squamous differentiation." The "squamoid component" is one part of the morphologic spectrum of HG-SC, which should be interpreted carefully for the differential diagnosis of HG-SC and EC. An immunohistochemical panel including p40, p53, p16, and WT1 is a useful adjunct to achieve a correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihiro Ohishi
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Hachisuga
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Hideaki Yahata
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
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8
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Miceska S, Škof E, Novaković S, Stegel V, Jeričević A, Grčar Kuzmanov B, Smrkolj Š, Cvjetičanin B, Bebar S, Globočnik Kukovica M, Kloboves-Prevodnik V. Cytopathological assessment is an accurate method for identifying immunophenotypic features and BRCA1/2 mutations of high-grade serous carcinoma from ascites. Cancer Cytopathol 2023; 131:188-197. [PMID: 36399410 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and aggressive type of ovarian cancer, and it is often associated with ascites at presentation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cytopathology to identify immunophenotypic features of HGSC and BRCA1/2 mutations from ascites. METHODS The study included 45 patients with histologically confirmed primary HGSC and malignant ascites. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) staining for PAX8, WT1, P53, P16, and Ki-67 was performed on cytospins and cytoblocks prepared from ascites. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect germline/somatic BRCA1/2 mutations in the ascites. Both ICC and NGS results were compared with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and NGS results from tissue blocks of primary tumor. Cronbach α and χ2 statistics, respectively, were used. RESULTS ICC/IHC results for PAX8, WT1, P53, and P16 showed good reliability between cytospins, cytoblocks, and tissue blocks (α > 0.75), whereas poor reliability and significant differences were observed for Ki-67 between ascites and tissue blocks (α < 0.26; p < .001 [Kruskal-Wallis]). For germline BRCA1/2 mutations, 100% concordance was confirmed, but only 14% concordance was confirmed for somatic mutations. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that cytopathology is an accurate method for identifying immunophenotypic features of HGSC and detecting germline BRCA1/2 mutations from ascites. However, further investigation is required for assessing the proliferation activity of HGSC in ascites and for detecting somatic BRCA1/2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Miceska
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Erik Škof
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Vida Stegel
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | - Sonja Bebar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Veronika Kloboves-Prevodnik
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Němejcová K, Šafanda A, Bártů MK, Michálková R, Drozenová J, Fabian P, Hausnerová J, Laco J, Matěj R, Méhes G, Škapa P, Stružinská I, Dundr P. A comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of 26 markers in 250 cases of serous ovarian tumors. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:32. [PMID: 36855066 PMCID: PMC9972686 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined a large cohort of serous tubo-ovarian tumors with 26 immunohistochemical markers, with the aim to assess their value for differential diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS Immunohistochemical analyses with 26 immunomarkers were performed on 250 primary tubo-ovarian tumors including 114 high grade serous carcinomas (HGSC), 97 low grade serous carcinomas (LGSC), and 39 serous borderline tumors (micropapillary variant, mSBT). The associations of overall positivity with clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated using the chi-squared test or Fisher's Exact test. RESULTS We found significantly different expression of p53, p16, ER, PR, PTEN, PAX2, Mammaglobin, RB1, Cyclin E1, stathmin, LMP2, L1CAM, CD44, and Ki67 in HGSCs compared to LGSCs. No significant differences were found between LGSC and mSBT. None of the other included markers (PAX8, ARID1A, HNF1B, Napsin A, CDX2, SATB2, MUC4, BRG1, AMACR, TTF1, BCOR, NTRK) showed any differences between the investigated serous tumors. Regarding the prognosis, only PR and stathmin showed a statistically significant prognostic meaning in LGSCs, with better overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in cases positive for PR, and worse outcome (RFS) for stathmin. None of the study markers showed prognostic significance in HGSCs. CONCLUSION We provided an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of serous ovarian/tubo-ovarian tumors. Although we found some differences in the expression of some markers in HGSCs compared to LGSCs, only p53, p16, and Ki67 seem to be useful in real diagnostic practice. We also suggested the best discriminative cut-off for Ki67 (10% of positive tumor cells) for distinguishing HGSC from LGSC. We found prognostic significance of PR and stathmin in LGSCs. Moreover, the high expression of stathmin could also be of predictive value in ovarian carcinomas as target-specific anti-stathmin effectors are potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Němejcová
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Šafanda
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kendall Bártů
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Michálková
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Drozenová
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathology, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fabian
- grid.419466.8Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hausnerová
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XThe Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Matěj
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathology, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Méhes
- grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petr Škapa
- grid.412826.b0000 0004 0611 0905Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stružinská
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dundr
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Through the Looking Glass: Updated Insights on Ovarian Cancer Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040713. [PMID: 36832201 PMCID: PMC9955065 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynaecological malignancy and the eighth most prevalent cancer in women, with an abysmal mortality rate of two million worldwide. The existence of multiple overlapping symptoms with other gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynaecological maladies often leads to late-stage diagnosis and extensive extra-ovarian metastasis. Due to the absence of any clear early-stage symptoms, current tools only aid in the diagnosis of advanced-stage patients, wherein the 5-year survival plummets further to less than 30%. Therefore, there is a dire need for the identification of novel approaches that not only allow early diagnosis of the disease but also have a greater prognostic value. Toward this, biomarkers provide a gamut of powerful and dynamic tools to allow the identification of a spectrum of different malignancies. Both serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and human epididymis 4 (HE4) are currently being used in clinics not only for EOC but also peritoneal and GI tract cancers. Screening of multiple biomarkers is gradually emerging as a beneficial strategy for early-stage diagnosis, proving instrumental in administration of first-line chemotherapy. These novel biomarkers seem to exhibit an enhanced potential as a diagnostic tool. This review summarizes existing knowledge of the ever-growing field of biomarker identification along with potential future ones, especially for ovarian cancer.
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11
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Lou SK, Hodgson A, Nofech-Mozes S, Schwock J, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Mirkovic J, Ghorab Z. Cytohistologic immunohistochemical correlation of epithelial tubo-ovarian neoplasms: Can cell blocks substitute for tissue? Cancer Cytopathol 2023; 131:100-109. [PMID: 36103329 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytologic specimens often represent the initial diagnostic material for tubo-ovarian neoplasms resulting from therapeutic paracentesis for patients presenting with high-volume ascites. However, subtyping and immunohistochemical (IHC) characterization, which have implications in preoperative management and downstream ancillary testing, are not routinely performed in many institutions. This study aims to perform cytohistologic correlation of commonly used IHC stains to establish their reliability in peritoneal fluids/washing specimens. METHODS A retrospective search of the laboratory information systems was performed to identify peritoneal fluid/washing specimens involved by borderline or malignant epithelial tubo-ovarian neoplasms and concurrent/subsequent surgical resection specimens. Cell blocks and tissue were stained for PAX8, WT-1, p53, p16, Napsin-A, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor, and staining between cytological and surgical specimens was compared. RESULTS A total of 56 case pairs were included, with the following final diagnoses on histological examination: 37 high-grade serous carcinomas, eight clear cell carcinomas, one endometrioid adenocarcinoma, two low-grade serous carcinomas, and eight serous borderline tumors. There was perfect cytohistologic correlation for PAX8 (Lin's concordance correlation coefficient [LINCCC] = 1.00) and WT-1 (LINCCC = 1.00), substantial/good correlation for p53 (LINCCC = 0.96), p16 (LINCCC = 0.93), napsin-A (LINCCC = 0.91) and ER (LINCCC = 0.77), and moderate correlation for PR (LINCCC = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical correlation between peritoneal fluid and surgical resection specimens for tubo-ovarian neoplasms is high. Common subtypes of tubo-ovarian carcinomas can be reliably distinguished on fluids using IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Kei Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anjelica Hodgson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sharon Nofech-Mozes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joerg Schwock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Olkhov-Mitsel
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jelena Mirkovic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zeina Ghorab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Punzón-Jiménez P, Lago V, Domingo S, Simón C, Mas A. Molecular Management of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13777. [PMID: 36430255 PMCID: PMC9692799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) represents the most common form of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. The absence of specific symptoms leads to late-stage diagnosis, making HGSOC one of the gynecological cancers with the worst prognosis. The cellular origin of HGSOC and the role of reproductive hormones, genetic traits (such as alterations in P53 and DNA-repair mechanisms), chromosomal instability, or dysregulation of crucial signaling pathways have been considered when evaluating prognosis and response to therapy in HGSOC patients. However, the detection of HGSOC is still based on traditional methods such as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) detection and ultrasound, and the combined use of these methods has yet to support significant reductions in overall mortality rates. The current paradigm for HGSOC management has moved towards early diagnosis via the non-invasive detection of molecular markers through liquid biopsies. This review presents an integrated view of the relevant cellular and molecular aspects involved in the etiopathogenesis of HGSOC and brings together studies that consider new horizons for the possible early detection of this gynecological cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Punzón-Jiménez
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Lago
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Domingo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aymara Mas
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Saha C, Bojdo J, Dunne NJ, Duary RK, Buckley N, McCarthy HO. Nucleic acid vaccination strategies for ovarian cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:953887. [PMID: 36420446 PMCID: PMC9677957 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.953887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is one of the most lethal ovarian cancers that is characterised by asymptomatic tumour growth, insufficient knowledge of malignant cell origin and sub-optimal detection. HGSC has been recently shown to originate in the fallopian tube and not in the ovaries. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and surgery depend upon the stage of the disease and have resulted in higher rates of relapse. Hence, there is a need for alternative treatments. Differential antigen expression levels have been utilised for early detection of the cancer and could be employed in vaccination strategies using nucleic acids. In this review the different vaccination strategies in Ovarian cancer are discussed and reviewed. Nucleic acid vaccination strategies have been proven to produce a higher CD8+ CTL response alongside CD4+ T-cell response when compared to other vaccination strategies and thus provide a good arena for antitumour immune therapy. DNA and mRNA need to be delivered into the intracellular matrix. To overcome ineffective naked delivery of the nucleic acid cargo, a suitable delivery system is required. This review also considers the suitability of cell penetrating peptides as a tool for nucleic acid vaccine delivery in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanika Saha
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - James Bojdo
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raj Kumar Duary
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Niamh Buckley
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Helen O. McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Kepenekian V, Bhatt A, Péron J, Alyami M, Benzerdjeb N, Bakrin N, Falandry C, Passot G, Rousset P, Glehen O. Advances in the management of peritoneal malignancies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:698-718. [PMID: 36071285 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal surface malignancies (PSMs) are usually associated with a poor prognosis. Nonetheless, in line with advances in the management of most abdominopelvic metastatic diseases, considerable progress has been made over the past decade. An improved understanding of disease biology has led to the more accurate prediction of neoplasia aggressiveness and the treatment response and has been reflected in the proposal of new classification systems. Achieving complete cytoreductive surgery remains the cornerstone of curative-intent treatment of PSMs. Alongside centralization in expert centres, enabling the delivery of multimodal and multidisciplinary strategies, preoperative management is a crucial step in order to select patients who are most likely to benefit from surgery. Depending on the specific PSM, the role of intraperitoneal chemotherapy and of perioperative systemic chemotherapy, in particular, in the neoadjuvant setting, is established in certain scenarios but questioned in several others, although more prospective data are required. In this Review, we describe advances in all aspects of the management of PSMs including disease biology, assessment and improvement of disease resectability, perioperative management, systemic therapy and pre-emptive management, and we speculate on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahan Kepenekian
- Surgical Oncology Department, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France.,CICLY - EA3738, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Aditi Bhatt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zydus hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Julien Péron
- Medical Oncology Department, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France.,Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - Mohammad Alyami
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazim Benzerdjeb
- CICLY - EA3738, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I (UCBL1), Lyon, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut de Pathologie Multisite, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - Naoual Bakrin
- Surgical Oncology Department, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France.,CICLY - EA3738, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Claire Falandry
- Department of Onco-Geriatry, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Passot
- Surgical Oncology Department, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France.,CICLY - EA3738, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Rousset
- CICLY - EA3738, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I (UCBL1), Lyon, France.,Department of Radiology, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Glehen
- Surgical Oncology Department, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France. .,CICLY - EA3738, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I (UCBL1), Lyon, France.
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15
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Meng K, Cao J, Dong Y, Zhang M, Ji C, Wang X. Application of Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Important Pathways and Hub Genes in Ovarian Cancer Affected by WT1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:741051. [PMID: 34692659 PMCID: PMC8526536 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.741051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor gene (WT1) is used as a marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms involving WT1 in ovarian cancer require further study. Herein, we used bioinformatics and other methods to identify important pathways and hub genes in ovarian cancer affected by WT1. The results showed that WT1 is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and is closely related to the overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) of ovarian cancer. In ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, WT1 downregulation increased the mRNA expression of 638 genes and decreased the mRNA expression of 512 genes, which were enriched in the FoxO, AMPK, and the Hippo signaling pathways. The STRING online tool and Cytoscape software were used to construct a Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and for Module analysis, and 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected. Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis revealed that 16 of 18 genes were related to prognosis. Analysis of GEPIA datasets indicated that 7 of 16 genes were differentially expressed in ovarian cancer tissues and in normal tissues. The expression of IGFBP1 and FBN1 genes increased significantly after WT1 interference, while the expression of the SERPINA1 gene decreased significantly. The correlation between WT1 expression and that of these three genes was consistent with that of ovarian cancer tissues and normal tissues. According to the GeneMANIA online website analysis, there were complex interactions between WT1, IGFBP1, FBN1, SERPINA1, and 20 other genes. In conclusion, we have identified important signaling pathways involving WT1 that affect ovarian cancer, and distinguished three differentially expressed genes regulated by WT1 associated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Our findings provide evidence outlining mechanisms involving WT1 gene expression in ovarian cancer and provides a rational for novel treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinghe Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yehao Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunfeng Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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16
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Satoh F, Tsutusmi Y. Rare primary peritoneal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a 69-year-old man. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04820. [PMID: 34532054 PMCID: PMC8436890 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary peritoneal mucinous adenocarcinoma is rare in men. The low-grade tumor consisted of mucin-producing columnar cells with minimal nuclear atypia. Relationship to pseudomyxoma peritonei and disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Satoh
- Department of Legal MedicineSchool of MedicineKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Tokyo Medical Examiner's OfficeTokyoJapan
| | - Yutaka Tsutusmi
- Diagnostic Pathology ClinicPathos TsutsumiInazawaJapan
- Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care UniversityYokkaichiJapan
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17
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Pal P, Starkweather KN, Hales KH, Hales DB. A Review of Principal Studies on the Development and Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in the Laying Hen Gallus gallus. Comp Med 2021; 71:271-284. [PMID: 34325771 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-20-000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Often referred to as the silent killer, ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. This disease rarely shows any physical symptoms until late stages and no known biomarkers are available for early detection. Because ovarian cancer is rarely detected early, the physiology behind the initiation, progression, treatment, and prevention of this disease remains largely unclear. Over the past 2 decades, the laying hen has emerged as a model that naturally develops epithelial ovarian cancer that is both pathologically and histologically similar to that of the human form of the disease. Different molecular signatures found in human ovarian cancer have also been identified in chicken ovarian cancer including increased CA125 and elevated E-cadherin expression, among others. Chemoprevention studies conducted in this model have shown that decreased ovulation and inflammation are associated with decreased incidence of ovarian cancer development. The purpose of this article is to review the major studies performed in laying hen model of ovarian cancer and discuss how these studies shape our current understanding of the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purab Pal
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | | | - Karen Held Hales
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Dale Buchanan Hales
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois;,
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18
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Inhibition of CDK4/6 as Therapeutic Approach for Ovarian Cancer Patients: Current Evidences and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123035. [PMID: 34204543 PMCID: PMC8235237 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Altered regulation of the cell cycle is a hallmark of cancer. The recent clinical success of the inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6 has convincingly demonstrated that targeting cell cycle components may represent an effective anti-cancer strategy, at least in some cancer types. However, possible applications of CDK4/6 inhibitors in patients with ovarian cancer is still under evaluation. Here, we describe the possible biological role of CDK4 and CDK6 complexes in ovarian cancer and provide the rationale for the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in this pathology, alone or in combination with other drugs. This review, coupling basic, preclinical and clinical research studies, could be of great translational value for investigators attempting to design new clinical trials for the better management of ovarian cancer patients. Abstract Alterations in components of the cell-cycle machinery are present in essentially all tumor types. In particular, molecular alterations resulting in dysregulation of the G1 to S phase transition have been observed in almost all human tumors, including ovarian cancer. These alterations have been identified as potential therapeutic targets in several cancer types, thereby stimulating the development of small molecule inhibitors of the cyclin dependent kinases. Among these, CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors confirmed in clinical trials that CDKs might indeed represent valid therapeutic targets in, at least some, types of cancer. CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors are now used in clinic for the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor positive metastatic breast cancer and their clinical use is being tested in many other cancer types, alone or in combination with other agents. Here, we review the role of CDK4 and CDK6 complexes in ovarian cancer and propose the possible use of their inhibitors in the treatment of ovarian cancer patients with different types and stages of disease.
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19
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Penciu RC, Postolache I, Steriu L, Izvoranu S, Tica AA, Mocanu ID, Sârbu V, Deacu M, Tica I, Bălţătescu GI, Tica OS, Tica VI. Is there a relationship in-between ovarian endometriosis and ovarian cancer? Immunohistochemical profile of four cases with coexisting ovarian endometriosis and cancer. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:157-165. [PMID: 32747907 PMCID: PMC7728120 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMs) is a benign disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. EMs associated with ovarian cancer (OC) has a relative low incidence (5% to 10%), sometimes with evidence of a transition stage through atypical EMs (1.6% cases). We have assessed 135 consecutive patients with either EMs or OC and, out of them, our study reports on four cases of ovarian EMs and OC: two cases with endometrioid OC and two cases with high-grade serous OC (HGSOC). Cases with EMs and HGSOC are extremely rarely reported in the literature – we could find not more than 30 cases. The main objective of our research was to observe the possible similarities between EMs and OC. Secondly, we analyzed the differences between EMs associated with endometrioid OC and EMs associated with HGSOC. We evaluated them in terms of clinical status (age, stages of EMs and OC) and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki67, p53, p16, Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1), cluster of differentiation (CD) 34 and CD10 immunomarkers – we could not find in the literature all these markers assessed, in the same time, to such samples. Our results indicated that there are no similarities between EMs and OC and no atypical EMs was identified in our cases. We recorded higher values of ER expression in EMs associated with HGSOC than in EMs associated with endometrioid OC. Higher values of ER expression were also recorded in OC than in endometriotic foci. There were no differences in proliferative rate of endometriotic foci associated with endometrioid OC, compared to EMs associated with HGSOC. An aberrant IHC expression for p53 protein and p16 protein was noted only in HGSOC. Also, a positive immunostaining for Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) was identified only in HGSOC. Higher values of microvessel density were recorded in OC but not in endometriotic foci. We concluded that there were no similarities between EMs and OC for the cases included in our study, but we noticed differences in terms of Ki67 index and also between hormonal receptors expression in EMs associated with HGSOC, comparing with EMs associated with endometrioid OCs. These results may represent a “brick” for future researches on the less understood EMs associated with type II of OCs, especially with HGSOC. Identifying the best marker, which can predict the risk of developing OC for the patients with EMs, may lead to discover new specific therapeutic agents and, therefore, a better, tailored, therapy.
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20
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Sun Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Chen H, Zhou F. Primary ovarian serous carcinomas with extensive squamous differentiation: a case report and literature review. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:193. [PMID: 33964926 PMCID: PMC8106833 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary ovarian serous carcinomas (OSC) with extensive squamous differentiation is a rare, and histological diagnostic criteria and biological behavior have not been fully established. We present an extremely rare case of primary OSC of the ovary with squamous differentiation. Case presentation A 58-year-old (gravidity 3, parity 2) female was admitted complaining of abdominal distention for 6 months. No apparent tumor in the cervix was found by a physical examination. Serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) was elevated (2723.0 IU/L). Macroscopically, a 7 cm tumor of the left uterine adnexa, a 5 cm tumor of the right adnexa, and a 3 cm tumor of the omentum were found. Histological and immunochemical tests confirmed a diagnosis of OSC with squamous differentiation. Debulking surgery with tumor resection was performed. The patient was subsequently received postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusions In summary, OSC with extensive squamous differentiation is a rare, and the inter- and intratumor heterogeneity may be the reason for this phenomenon. Histological diagnostic criteria and biological behavior have not been fully established because of the limited data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuezhou Chen
- Department of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Departments of Pathology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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21
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Modeling the Diversity of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer through Ten Novel Well Characterized Cell Lines Covering Multiple Subtypes of the Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082222. [PMID: 32784519 PMCID: PMC7465288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell lines are amongst the most important pre-clinical models. In the context of epithelial ovarian cancer, a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse subtypes, it is paramount to study a wide panel of models in order to draw a representative picture of the disease. As this lethal gynaecological malignancy has seen little improvement in overall survival in the last decade, it is all the more pressing to support future research with robust and diverse study models. Here, we describe ten novel spontaneously immortalized patient-derived ovarian cancer cell lines, detailing their respective mutational profiles and gene/biomarker expression patterns, as well as their in vitro and in vivo growth characteristics. Eight of the cell lines were classified as high-grade serous, while two were determined to be of the rarer mucinous and clear cell subtypes, respectively. Each of the ten cell lines presents a panel of characteristics reflective of diverse clinically relevant phenomena, including chemotherapeutic resistance, metastatic potential, and subtype-associated mutations and gene/protein expression profiles. Importantly, four cell lines formed subcutaneous tumors in mice, a key characteristic for pre-clinical drug testing. Our work thus contributes significantly to the available models for the study of ovarian cancer, supplying additional tools to better understand this complex disease.
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22
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Wang F, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Liu C, Liang D, Xie L, Yao Z, Liu J. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis for Assessing Tumor Staging and Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Correlation with p53 and Ki-67 Expression. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:731-739. [PMID: 30456593 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram parameters in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) for distinguishing different tumor stages and determining lymph node status and correlations between ADC values and p53 and Ki-67 expression. PROCEDURES Forty-nine EOC patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Staging and lymph node status were determined postoperatively. ADC values were measured using histogram analysis and compared between groups. Relationships between ADCs and Ki-67 and p53 expression were explored. RESULTS DC parameters differed significantly between stage I vs II, I vs III, and I vs IV. The parameters were significantly lower in the lymph node-positive group than in the lymph node-negative group, were significantly negatively correlated with Ki-67 labeling index, and were all significantly lower in the mutation-type p53 group than in the wild-type p53 group. CONCLUSIONS ADC histogram analysis can help discriminate stage I from advanced-stage EOC and predict lymph node metastasis. ADC parameters were correlated with Ki-67 labeling index; the parameters may help indicate p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Congrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Siemens Ltd., China, 7 Wangjing Zhonghuan Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Lizhi Xie
- GE Healthcare China, 1 Yongchang North Road, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Zhihang Yao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Wong M, Bierman Y, Pettaway C, Kittles R, Mims M, Jones J, Ittmann M. Comparative analysis of p16 expression among African American and European American prostate cancer patients. Prostate 2019; 79:1274-1283. [PMID: 31111520 PMCID: PMC6617792 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of p16 is increased in a number of malignancies, including prostate cancer (PCa). Recent studies in a European cohort showed that expression of p16 is correlated with expression of the TMPRSS2/ERG (T/E) fusion protein. The T/E fusion is significantly less common in PCas in African American (AA) men. Thus, it would be predicted that p16 expression should be less common in PCas in AA men. We, therefore, sought to compare the expression of p16 in benign prostate and PCas from AA and European American (EA) men. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for p16 and ERG was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from radical prostatectomies performed on AA and EA veterans. Staining was scored and the scores compared with demographic, clinical and pathological parameters. Percent of West African ancestry in the AA cohort was assessed using ancestry informative markers. RESULTS Contrary to our predictions, p16 expression was similar in the cancers in the AA and EA cohorts. Consistent with prior reports, expression of p16 was quite low in benign prostate tissues from EA patients but surprisingly was significantly higher in benign tissues from AA patients. Expression of p16 was significantly associated with a family history of PCa in AA men. In addition, p16 was associated with ERG expression in AA PCa. CONCLUSIONS While overall expression of p16 is similar in PCas from the two racial groups, the expression of p16 in benign tissues from a subset of AA men and the stronger correlation with ERG expression implies that there are different mechanisms for p16 overexpression in PCas from the two racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra Wong
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Yaeli Bierman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Curtis Pettaway
- Department of UrologyUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Rick Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health EquitiesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCalifornia
| | - Martha Mims
- Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Jeffrey Jones
- Scott Department of Urology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
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Zhao L, Shou H, Chen L, Gao W, Fang C, Zhang P. Effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on epigenetic modification in ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:3209-3218. [PMID: 31002353 PMCID: PMC6489025 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are closely related to oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on epigenetic modification in ovarian cancer cells. Cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion and apoptosis were respectively determined using Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8), wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometric assays. Methylation levels were determined using methylation specific PCR (MSP). Related‑factor expression was detected by conducting real‑time‑qPCR (RT‑qPCR) and western blotting. The results revealed that cell proliferation was inhibited by ginsenoside Rg3 (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) in a time‑dependent manner (12, 24 and 48 h). Ginsenoside Rg3 (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) was selected to treat cells in various experiments. When ovarian cells were treated with ginsenoside Rg3, cell apoptosis was observed to be promoted, while cell metastasis and invasion were inhibited at 48 h. The results of the present study revealed that in the promoter regions of p53, p16 and hMLH1, the methylation levels decreased, while the mRNA and protein levels significantly increased. The activities of DNMTs and mRNA as well as protein levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b were decreased by Rg3. The data also demonstrated that the mRNA and protein levels of acetyl‑H3 K14/K9 and acetyl‑H4 K12/K5/K16 were increased by Rg3. Hence, ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited ovarian cancer cell viability, migration and invasion as well as promoted cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqin Zhao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Huafeng Shou
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Chenyan Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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Shen YT, Wang L, Evans JC, Allen C, Piquette-Miller M. Development of a Bioluminescent BRCA1-Deficient Xenograft Model of Disseminated, High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102498. [PMID: 31117198 PMCID: PMC6566953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful translation of preclinical data relies on valid and comprehensive animal models. While high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most prevalent subtype, the most commonly used ovarian cancer cell lines are not representative of HGSOC. In addition, 50% of ovarian cancer patients present with dysfunctional BRCA1/2, however currently there is a shortage of BRCA-deficient models. By utilizing the OVCAR8 cell line, which contains a hypermethylated BRCA1 promoter, the aim of the current study was to establish and characterize an animal model for BRCA-deficient HGSOC. Transfection of the luciferase gene to OVCAR8 cells enabled bioluminescent imaging for real-time, non-invasive monitoring of tumor growth. The resulting model was characterized by peritoneal metastasis and ascites formation at late stages of disease. Immunohistochemical staining revealed high-grade serous histology in all resected tumor nodules. Immunoblotting and qPCR analysis demonstrated BRCA1 deficiency was maintained in vivo. Moderate to strong correlations were observed between bioluminescent signal and tumor weight. Lastly, intraperitoneal administration of carboplatin significantly reduced tumor growth as measured by bioluminescence. The current model demonstrated BRCA1 deficiency and a high resemblance of the clinical features of HGSOC. This model may be well-suited for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in BRCA-deficient HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ting Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Lucy Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - James C Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Christine Allen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Micheline Piquette-Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
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The Tumor Microenvironment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Its Influence on Response to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 30042343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080242] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer is a growing field of endeavor but reports of success have been limited for epithelial ovarian cancer. Overcoming the challenges to developing more effective therapeutic approaches lies in a better understanding of the factors in cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment that limit response to immunotherapies. This article provides an overview of some ovarian cancer cell features such as tumor-associated antigens, ovarian cancer-derived exosomes, tumor mutational burden and overexpression of immunoinhibitory molecules. Moreover, we describe relevant cell types found in epithelial ovarian tumors including immune cells (T and B lymphocytes, Tregs, NK cells, TAMs, MDSCs) and other components found in the tumor microenvironment including fibroblasts and the adipocytes in the omentum. We focus on how those components may influence responses to standard treatments or immunotherapies.
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27
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The Tumor Microenvironment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Its Influence on Response to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 30042343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080242]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer is a growing field of endeavor but reports of success have been limited for epithelial ovarian cancer. Overcoming the challenges to developing more effective therapeutic approaches lies in a better understanding of the factors in cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment that limit response to immunotherapies. This article provides an overview of some ovarian cancer cell features such as tumor-associated antigens, ovarian cancer-derived exosomes, tumor mutational burden and overexpression of immunoinhibitory molecules. Moreover, we describe relevant cell types found in epithelial ovarian tumors including immune cells (T and B lymphocytes, Tregs, NK cells, TAMs, MDSCs) and other components found in the tumor microenvironment including fibroblasts and the adipocytes in the omentum. We focus on how those components may influence responses to standard treatments or immunotherapies.
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28
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Rodriguez GM, Galpin KJC, McCloskey CW, Vanderhyden BC. The Tumor Microenvironment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Its Influence on Response to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E242. [PMID: 30042343 PMCID: PMC6116043 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer is a growing field of endeavor but reports of success have been limited for epithelial ovarian cancer. Overcoming the challenges to developing more effective therapeutic approaches lies in a better understanding of the factors in cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment that limit response to immunotherapies. This article provides an overview of some ovarian cancer cell features such as tumor-associated antigens, ovarian cancer-derived exosomes, tumor mutational burden and overexpression of immunoinhibitory molecules. Moreover, we describe relevant cell types found in epithelial ovarian tumors including immune cells (T and B lymphocytes, Tregs, NK cells, TAMs, MDSCs) and other components found in the tumor microenvironment including fibroblasts and the adipocytes in the omentum. We focus on how those components may influence responses to standard treatments or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galaxia M Rodriguez
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Kristianne J C Galpin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Curtis W McCloskey
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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