YdjC chitooligosaccharide deacetylase homolog induces keratin reorganization in lung cancer cells: involvement of interaction between YDJC and CDC16

Downregulated genes by silencing MYC pathway identified with RNA-SEQ analysis as potential prognostic biomarkers in gastric adenocarcinoma

MYC overexpression is a common phenomenon in gastric carcinogenesis. In this study, we identified genes differentially expressed with a downregulated profile in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines with silenced MYC. The TTLL12, CDKN3, CDC16, PTPRA, MZT2B, UBE2T genes were validated using qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry in tissues of 213 patients with diffuse and intestinal GC. We identified high levels of TTLL12, MZT2B, CDC16, UBE2T, associated with early and advanced stages, lymph nodes, distant metastases and risk factors such as H. pylori. Our results show that in the diffuse GC the overexpression of CDC16 and UBE2T indicate markers of poor prognosis higher than TTLL12. That is, patients with overexpression of these two genes live less than patients with overexpression of TTLL12. In the intestinal GC, patients who overexpressed CDC16 had a significantly lower survival rate than patients who overexpressed MZT2B and UBE2T, indicating in our data a worse prognostic value of CDC16 compared to the other two genes. PTPRA and CDKN3 proved to be important for assessing tumor progression in the early and advanced stages. In summary, in this study, we identified diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of GC under the control of MYC, related to the cell cycle and the neoplastic process.

Integrative genomics analysis identifies promising SNPs and genes implicated in tuberculosis risk based on multiple omics datasets

More than 10 GWASs have reported numerous genetic loci associated with tuberculosis (TB). However, the functional effects of genetic variants on TB remains largely unknown. In the present study, by combining a reported GWAS summary dataset (N = 452,264) with 3 independent eQTL datasets (N = 2,242) and other omics datasets downloaded from public databases, we conducted an integrative genomics analysis to highlight SNPs and genes implicated in TB risk. Based on independent biological and technical validations, we prioritized 26 candidate genes with eSNPs significantly associated with gene expression and TB susceptibility simultaneously; such as, CDC16 (rs7987202, rs9590408, and rs948182) and RCN3 (rs2946863, rs2878342, and rs3810194). Based on the network-based enrichment analysis, we found these 26 highlighted genes were jointly connected to exert effects on TB susceptibility. The co-expression patterns among these 26 genes were remarkably changed according to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection status. Based on 4 independent gene expression datasets, 21 of 26 genes (80.77%) showed significantly differential expressions between TB group and control group in mesenchymal stem cells, mice blood and lung tissues, as well as human alveolar macrophages. Together, we provide robust evidence to support 26 highlighted genes as important candidates for TB.

Role of Sphingosylphosphorylcholine in Tumor and Tumor Microenvironment

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) is a unique type of lysosphingolipid found in some diseases, and has been studied in cardiovascular, neurological, and inflammatory phenomena. In particular, SPC’s studies on cancer have been conducted mainly in terms of effects on cancer cells, and relatively little consideration has been given to aspects of tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the effects of SPC on cancer and tumor microenvironment, and presents the results and prospects of modulators that regulate the various actions of SPC.

YDJC Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Escaping from Interaction with CDC16 through Ubiquitination of PP2A

Lung cancer is the number 1 cause of cancer-related casualties in the world. Appropriate diagnostic markers and novel targets for lung cancer are needed. Chitooligosaccharide deacetylase homolog (YDJC) catalyzes the deacetylation of acetylated carbohydrates; however, the role of YDJC in lung cancer progression has yet to be studied. A549 lung cancer orthotopic mouse model was used for mice experiments. We found that YDJC overexpression contributes to lung cancer progression in an orthotopic mouse model. Long-term treatment (48 h) induces YDJC expression in sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Gene silencing of YDJC (siYDJC) reduced N-cadherin expression and increased E-cadherin expression in SPC-induced EMT. Overexpression of YDJC reverses them but overexpression of the deacetylase deficient mutant YDJCD13A could not. Interestingly, overexpression of CDC16, a YDJC binding partner, suppressed EMT. ERK2 is activated in siCDC16-induced EMT. YDJC overexpression reduces expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), whereas CDC16 overexpression induces PP2A expression. YDJC overexpression induced ubiquitination of PP2A but YDJCD13A could not. CDC16 overexpression increased the ubiquitination of YDJC. These results suggest that YDJC contributes to the progression of lung cancer via enhancing EMT by inducing the ubiquitination of PP2A. Therefore, YDJC might be a new target for antitumor therapy against lung cancer.