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Parashar D, Mukherjee T, Gupta S, Kumar U, Das K. MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: A potential role in cancer progression. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111263. [PMID: 38897529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Intercellular communication, an essential biological process in multicellular organisms, is mediated by direct cell-to-cell contact and cell secretary molecules. Emerging evidence identifies a third mechanism of intercellular communication- the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-enclosed nanosized bodies, released from cells into the extracellular environment, often found in all biofluids. The growing body of research indicates that EVs carry bioactive molecules in the form of proteins, DNA, RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), lipids, metabolites, etc., and upon transferring them, alter the phenotypes of the target recipient cells. Interestingly, the abundance of EVs is found to be significantly higher in different diseased conditions, most importantly cancer. In the past few decades, numerous studies have identified EV miRNAs as an important contributor in the pathogenesis of different types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism behind EV miRNA-associated cancer progression and how it could be used as a targeted therapy remain ill-defined. The present review highlights how EV miRNAs influence essential processes in cancer, such as growth, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, stemness, immune evasion, resistance to therapy, etc. A special emphasis has been given to the potential role of EV miRNAs as cancer biomarkers. The final section of the review delineates the ongoing clinical trials on the role of miRNAs in the progression of different types of cancer. Targeting EV miRNAs could be a potential therapeutic means in the treatment of different forms of cancer alongside conventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Parashar
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), NH09, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad 201015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kaushik Das
- Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani 741251, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Yu S, Jiang S, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Yang X. Impact of Radiation on Exosomes in Regulating Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Adv Radiat Oncol 2024; 9:101549. [PMID: 39055959 PMCID: PMC11269846 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2024.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exosomes have been shown to play a role in most, if not all, steps of cancer progression. We still lack a comprehensive understanding of the bidirectional communication of exosomes between tumor cells and immune cells. This article aims to explore how exosomes can influence cancer growth and how they are affected by radiation therapy. Methods and Materials We searched on PubMed and Web of Science on the impact of radiation on tumor derived exosomes and immune cell derived exosomes in tumor immune microenvironment. We screened all the related articles and summarized their main discoveries and important results. Results This article reviewed the effects of tumor derived exosomes and immune cell-derived exosomes on TME and tumor progression after radiotherapy, suggesting the dual effects of exosomes which may refer to clinical practice. Moreover, we retrospected the clinical applications based on tumor derived exosomes, including liquid biopsy, radio-resistance and drug delivery, and discussed the challenges and prospects. Conclusions Exosomes are important in cancer treatment, especially with radiation therapy. Learning more about them could lead to better treatments. However, there are still challenges to overcome. The review points out the need for more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silai Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengfei Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
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3
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Fekry B, Ugartemendia L, Esnaola NF, Goetzl L. Extracellular Vesicles, Circadian Rhythms, and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2552. [PMID: 39061191 PMCID: PMC11274441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the complex interplay between extracellular vesicles (ECVs)/exosomes and circadian rhythms, with a focus on the role of this interaction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exosomes are nanovesicles derived from cells that facilitate intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNA/DNA species. ECVs are implicated in a range of diseases, where they play crucial roles in signaling between cells and their surrounding environment. In the setting of cancer, ECVs are known to influence cancer initiation and progression. The scope of this review extends to all cancer types, synthesizing existing knowledge on the various roles of ECVs. A unique aspect of this review is the emphasis on the circadian-controlled release and composition of exosomes, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for early cancer detection and monitoring metastasis. We also discuss how circadian rhythms affect multiple cancer-related pathways, proposing that disruptions in the circadian clock can alter tumor development and treatment response. Additionally, this review delves into the influence of circadian clock components on ECV biogenesis and their impact on reshaping the tumor microenvironment, a key component driving HCC progression. Finally, we address the potential clinical applications of ECVs, particularly their use as diagnostic tools and drug delivery vehicles, while considering the challenges associated with clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharan Fekry
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.U.); (L.G.)
| | - Lierni Ugartemendia
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.U.); (L.G.)
| | - Nestor F. Esnaola
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Laura Goetzl
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.U.); (L.G.)
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Kumar RMR. Exosomal microRNAs: impact on cancer detection, treatment, and monitoring. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03590-6. [PMID: 38971914 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, measuring between 30 and 150 nm in diameter, are small vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane. They are released by various cells in the body and carry a diverse payload of molecules, including proteins, lipids, mRNA, and different RNA species such as long non-coding RNA, circular RNA, and microRNA (miRNA). With lengths of approximately 19-22 nucleotides, miRNAs constitute the predominant cargo in exosomes and serve as crucial regulators of protein biosynthesis. In cancer detection, exosomal miRNAs show promise as non-invasive biomarkers due to their stability and presence in various bodily fluids, aiding in early detection and precise diagnosis with specific miRNA signatures linked to different cancer types. Moreover, exosomal miRNAs influence treatment outcomes by affecting cellular processes like cell growth, cell death, and drug resistance, thereby impacting response to therapy. Additionally, they serve as indicators of disease progression and treatment response, providing insights that can guide treatment decisions and improve patient care. Through longitudinal studies, changes in exosomal miRNA profiles have been observed to correlate with disease progression, metastasis, and response to therapy, highlighting their potential for real-time monitoring of tumor dynamics and treatment efficacy. Understanding the intricate roles of exosomal miRNAs in cancer biology offers opportunities for developing innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies tailored to individual patients, ultimately advancing precision medicine approaches and improving outcomes for cancer patients. This review aims to provide an understanding of the role of exosomal miRNAs in cancer detection, treatment, and monitoring, shedding light on their potential for revolutionising oncology practices and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Mohan Ram Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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5
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Linares-Rodríguez M, Blancas I, Rodríguez-Serrano F. The Predictive Value of Blood-Derived Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. Clin Breast Cancer 2024:S1526-8209(24)00181-2. [PMID: 39054208 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains a widespread disease worldwide, despite advances in its detection and treatment. microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in cancer, and their presence within exosomes may confer several advantages in terms of tumor initiation, propagation, immune evasion, and drug resistance compared to freely circulating miRNAs in the blood. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to analyze the role of exosomal miRNAs present in serum or plasma as biomarkers in BC. Bibliographic sources were collected from various databases with no starting date limit until March 2023. The search terms used were related to "breast cancer," "microRNAs," and "exosomes." Following the search, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a total of 46 articles. Data were extracted from the selected studies and summarized to indicate the miRNAs, type of dysregulation, sample source, number of patients and controls, and clinical relevance of the miRNAs. We carried out an enrichment study of the microRNAs that appeared in at least 3 studies, those that were suitable for selection were miR-16, miR-21 and miR-155. Exosomal miRNAs isolated from blood samples of patients diagnosed with BC could be valuable in the clinical setting. They could provide information about early diagnosis, disease progression, recurrence, treatment response, and metastases. It is crucial to reach a consensus on the specific exosomal miRNAs to detect and the most appropriate type of sample for comprehensive utilization of miRNAs as biomarkers for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Linares-Rodríguez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Blancas
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Serrano
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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6
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Zheng L, Li J, Li Y, Sun W, Ma L, Qu F, Tan W. Empowering Exosomes with Aptamers for Precision Theranostics. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400551. [PMID: 38967170 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
As information messengers for cell-to-cell communication, exosomes, typically small membrane vesicles (30-150 nm), play an imperative role in the physiological and pathological processes of living systems. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that exosomes are potential biological candidates for theranostics, including liquid biopsy-based diagnosis and drug delivery. However, their clinical applications are hindered by several issues, especially their unspecific detection and insufficient targeting ability. How to upgrade the accuracy of exosome-based theranostics is being widely explored. Aptamers, benefitting from their admirable characteristics, are used as excellent molecular recognition elements to empower exosomes for precision theranostics. With high affinity against targets and easy site-specific modification, aptamers can be incorporated with platforms for the specific detection of exosomes, thus providing opportunities for advancing disease diagnostics. Furthermore, aptamers can be tailored and functionalized on exosomes to enable targeted therapeutics. Herein, this review emphasizes the empowering of exosomes by aptamers for precision theranostics. A brief introduction of exosomes and aptamers is provided, followed by a discussion of recent progress in aptamer-based exosome detection for disease diagnosis, and the emerging applications of aptamer-functionalized exosomes for targeted therapeutics. Finally, current challenges and opportunities in this research field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zheng
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/ Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Jin Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/ Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Weidi Sun
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/ Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - LeLe Ma
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Fengli Qu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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7
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Bandu R, Oh JW, Kim KP. Extracellular vesicle proteins as breast cancer biomarkers: Mass spectrometry-based analysis. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300062. [PMID: 38829178 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-surrounded vesicles released by various cell types into the extracellular microenvironment. Although EVs vary in size, biological function, and components, their importance in cancer progression and the potential use of EV molecular species to serve as novel cancer biomarkers have become increasingly evident. Cancer cells actively release EVs into surrounding tissues, which play vital roles in cancer progression and metastasis, including invasion and immune modulation. EVs released by cancer cells are usually chosen as a gateway in the search for biomarkers for cancer. In this review, we mainly focused on molecular profiling of EV protein constituents from breast cancer, emphasizing mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic approaches. To further investigate the potential use of EVs as a source of breast cancer biomarkers, we have discussed the use of these proteins as predictive marker candidates. Besides, we have also summarized the key characteristics of EVs as potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer and provided significant information on their implications in breast cancer development and progression. Information provided in this review may help understand the recent progress in understanding EV biology and their potential role as new noninvasive biomarkers as well as emerging therapeutic opportunities and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bandu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jae Won Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Shen J, Ma Z, Xu J, Xue T, Lv X, Zhu G, Huang B. Exosome Isolation and Detection: From Microfluidic Chips to Nanoplasmonic Biosensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38676635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are becoming more widely acknowledged as significant circulating indicators for the prognosis and diagnosis of cancer. Circulating exosomes are essential to the development and spread of cancer, according to a growing body of research. Using existing technology, characterizing exosomes is quite difficult. Therefore, a direct, sensitive, and targeted approach to exosome detection will aid in illness diagnosis and prognosis. The review discusses the new strategies for exosome isolation and detection technologies from microfluidic chips to nanoplasmonic biosensors, analyzing the advantages and limitations of these new technologies. This review serves researchers to better understand exosome isolation and detection methods and to help develop better exosome isolating and detecting devices for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Shen
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zhengtai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Tianhao Xue
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guixian Zhu
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Beiju Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Ram Kumar RM, Logesh R, Joghee S. Breast cancer derived exosomes: Theragnostic perspectives and implications. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 557:117875. [PMID: 38493944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy affecting women worldwide. Although conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and biological therapy are commonly used, they often entail significant side effects. Therefore, there is a critical need to investigate more cost-effective and efficient treatment modalities in BC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, play a crucial role in modulating recipient cell behaviour and driving cancer progression. Among the EVs, exosomes provide valuable insights into cellular dynamics under both healthy and diseased conditions. In cancer, exosomes play a critical role in driving tumor progression and facilitating the development of drug resistance. BC-derived exosomes (BCex) dynamically influence BC progression by regulating cell proliferation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the development of treatment resistance. Additionally, BCex serve as promising diagnostic markers in BC which are detectable in bodily fluids such as urine and saliva. Targeted manipulation of BCex holds significant therapeutic potential. This review explores the therapeutic and diagnostic implications of exosomes in BC, underscoring their relevance to the disease. Furthermore, it discusses future directions for exosome-based research in BC, emphasizing the necessity for further exploration in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Mohan Ram Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Joghee
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Du C, Waltzer WC, Wilusz JE, Spaliviero M, Darras F, Romanov V. Circular STAG2 RNA Modulates Bladder Cancer Progression via miR-145-5p/TAGLN2 and Is Considered as a Biomarker for Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:978. [PMID: 38473339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of the circRNA hsa_circ_0139697 (circSTAG2(16-25)) in BCa and to consider the opportunity of using circSTAG2(16-25) isolated from BCa patient urine as a marker for disease development prediction. The selection of this circRNA was determined by the special role of its parental gene STAG2 in BCa biology. The circRNA hsa_circ_0139697 was chosen from 25 STAG2 circRNAs due to its differential expression in the urine of BCa patients and healthy volunteers. Higher levels of circSTAG2(16-25) were detected in urine samples obtained from patients with recurrent tumors. A higher expression of circSTAG2(16-25) was also detected in more tumorigenic BCa cell lines. The overexpression of circSTAG2(16-25) in BCa cells induced the elevation of proliferation, motility, and invasion. To study the mechanisms of circSTAG2(16-25) activity, we confirmed that circSTAG2(16-25) can bind miR-145-5p in vitro as was predicted by bioinformatic search. miR-145-5p was shown to suppress some genes that promoted BCa progression. One of these genes, TAGLN2, encodes the protein Transgelin 2, which plays a role in BCa cell motility and invasion. Therefore, the possible mechanism of action of circSTAG2(16-25) could be sponging the tumor suppressor miR-145-5p, which results in activation of TAGLN2. In addition, circSTAG2(16-25) might be considered as a potential biomarker for recurrence prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Du
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Wayne C Waltzer
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jeremy E Wilusz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Massimiliano Spaliviero
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Frank Darras
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Victor Romanov
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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11
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Pastena P, Perera H, Martinino A, Kartsonis W, Giovinazzo F. Unraveling Biomarker Signatures in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review for Targeted Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2559. [PMID: 38473804 PMCID: PMC10931553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, marked by poor outcomes and dismal prognosis. Due to the absence of targetable receptors, chemotherapy still represents the main therapeutic option. Therefore, current research is now focusing on understanding the specific molecular pathways implicated in TNBC, in order to identify novel biomarker signatures and develop targeted therapies able to improve its clinical management. With the aim of identifying novel molecular features characterizing TNBC, elucidating the mechanisms by which these molecular biomarkers are implicated in the tumor development and progression, and assessing the impact on cancerous cells following their inhibition or modulation, we conducted a literature search from the earliest works to December 2023 on PubMed, Scopus, and Web Of Science. A total of 146 studies were selected. The results obtained demonstrated that TNBC is characterized by a heterogeneous molecular profile. Several biomarkers have proven not only to be characteristic of TNBC but also to serve as potential effective therapeutic targets, holding the promise of a new era of personalized treatments able to improve its prognosis. The pre-clinical findings that have emerged from our systematic review set the stage for further investigation in forthcoming clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pastena
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hiran Perera
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - William Kartsonis
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA
| | - Francesco Giovinazzo
- Department of Surgery, Saint Camillus Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Department of Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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12
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Kan JY, Shih SL, Yang SF, Chu PY, Chen FM, Li CL, Wu YC, Yeh YT, Hou MF, Chiang CP. Exosomal microRNA-92b Is a Diagnostic Biomarker in Breast Cancer and Targets Survival-Related MTSS1L to Promote Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1295. [PMID: 38279296 PMCID: PMC10816035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are novel, non-invasive biomarkers for facilitating communication and diagnosing cancer. However, only a few studies have investigated their function and role in the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. To address this gap, we established a stable cell line, MDA-MB-231-CD63-RFP, and recruited 112 female participants for serum collection. We screened 88 exosomal miRNAs identified through microarray analysis of 231-CD63 and literature screening using real-time PCR; only exosomal miR-92b-5p was significantly increased in patients with breast cancer. It had a significant correlation with stage and discriminated patients from the control with an AUC of 0.787. Exosomal miR-92b-5p impacted the migration, adhesion, and spreading ability of normal human mammary epithelial recipient cells through the downregulation of the actin dynamics regulator MTSS1L. In clinical breast cancer tissue, the expression of MTSS1L was significantly inversely correlated with tissue miR-92b-5p, and high expression of MTSS1L was associated with better 10-year overall survival rates in patients undergoing hormone therapy. In summary, our studies demonstrated that exosomal miR-92b-5p might function as a non-invasive body fluid biomarker for breast cancer detection and provide a novel therapeutic strategy in the axis of miR-92b-5p to MTSS1L for controlling metastasis and improving patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yu Kan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-L.S.); (F.-M.C.); (C.-L.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Shen-Liang Shih
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-L.S.); (F.-M.C.); (C.-L.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Sheau-Fang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 50544, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Ming Chen
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-L.S.); (F.-M.C.); (C.-L.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Chung-Liang Li
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-L.S.); (F.-M.C.); (C.-L.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Yi-Chia Wu
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-L.S.); (F.-M.C.); (C.-L.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83130, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-L.S.); (F.-M.C.); (C.-L.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Po Chiang
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-L.S.); (F.-M.C.); (C.-L.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83130, Taiwan;
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13
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Abdullaev B, Rasyid SA, Ali E, Al-Dhalimy AMB, Mustafa YF, Fenjan MN, Misra N, Al-Musawi SG, Alawadi A, Alsalamy A. Effective exosomes in breast cancer: focusing on diagnosis and treatment of cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154995. [PMID: 38113765 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent aggressive malignant tumor in women worldwide and develops from breast tissue. Although cutting-edge treatment methods have been used and current mortality rates have decreased, BC control is still not satisfactory. Clarifying the underlying molecular mechanisms will help clinical options. Extracellular vesicles known as exosomes mediate cellular communication by delivering a variety of biomolecules, including proteins, oncogenes, oncomiRs, and even pharmacological substances. These transferable bioactive molecules can alter the transcriptome of target cells and affect signaling pathways that are related to tumors. Numerous studies have linked exosomes to BC biology, including therapeutic resistance and the local microenvironment. Exosomes' roles in tumor treatment resistance, invasion, and BC metastasis are the main topics of discussion in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekhzod Abdullaev
- Research Department of Biotechnology, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Central Asian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
| | - Sri Anggarini Rasyid
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Mandala Waluya University, Kendari, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia.
| | - Eyhab Ali
- college of chemistry, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohammed N Fenjan
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Neeti Misra
- Department of Management, Uttaranchal Institute of Management, Uttaranchal University, India
| | | | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Iraq
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14
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Ihlamur M, Kelleci K, Zengin Y, Allahverdiyev MA, Abamor EŞ. Applications of Exosome Vesicles in Different Cancer Types as Biomarkers. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:281-297. [PMID: 36941811 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230320120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in the fight against cancer is early detection. Early diagnosis is vital, but there are some barriers such as economic, cultural, and personal factors. Considering the disadvantages of radiological imaging techniques or serological analysis methods used in cancer diagnosis, such as being expensive, requiring expertise, and being time-consuming, there is a need to develop faster, more reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic methods for use in cancer diagnosis. Exosomes, which are responsible for intercellular communication with sizes ranging from 30-120 nm, are naturally produced biological nanoparticles. Thanks to the cargo contents they carry, they are a potential biomarker to be used in the diagnosis of cancer. Exosomes, defined as extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, are effective in cancer growth, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, and changes in microenvironmental conditions during tumor development change exosome secretion. Due to their high cellular activity, tumor cells produce much higher exosomes than healthy cells. Therefore, it is known that the number of exosomes in body fluids is significantly rich compared to other cells and can act as a stand-alone diagnostic biomarker. Cancer- derived exosomes have received great attention in recent years for the early detection of cancer and the evaluation of therapeutic response. In this article, the content, properties, and differences of exosomes detected in common types of cancer (lung, liver, pancreas, ovaries, breast, colorectal), which are the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, are reviewed. We also discuss the potential utility of exosome contents as a biomarker for early detection, which is known to be important in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ihlamur
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
- Biruni University, Vocational School, Department of Electronics and Automation, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kübra Kelleci
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
- Beykoz University, Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Zengin
- Bogazici University, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Adil Allahverdiyev
- Institute of the V. Akhundov National Scientific Research Medical Prophylactic, Baku, Azerbaijan Republic
| | - Emrah Şefik Abamor
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Berti FCB, Tofolo MV, Nunes-Souza E, Marchi R, Okano LM, Ruthes M, Rosolen D, Malheiros D, Fonseca AS, Cavalli LR. Extracellular vesicles-associated miRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer: from tumor biology to clinical relevance. Life Sci 2024; 336:122332. [PMID: 38070862 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), a heterogeneous group of diseases, is the most frequent type and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Tumor heterogeneity directly impacts cancer progression and treatment, as evidenced by the patients´ diverse prognosis and treatment responses across the distinct molecular subtypes. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which accounts for 10-20% of all diagnosed BC cases, is an aggressive BC subtype with a challenging prognosis. Current treatment options include systemic chemotherapy and/or target therapies based on PARP and PD-L1 inhibitors for eligible patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in TNBC tumorigenesis. These molecules are present both intracellularly and released into biofluids, packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs). Emerging evidence indicates that EVs-associated miRNAs (EVs-miRNAs), transferred from parental to recipient cells, are key mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Considering their stability and abundance in several biofluids, these molecules may reflect the epigenomic composition of their tumors of origin and contribute to mediate tumorigenesis, similar to their intracellular counterparts. This review provides the current knowledge on EVs-miRNAs in the TNBC subtype, focusing on their role in regulating mRNA targets involved in tumor phenotypes and their clinical relevance as promising biomarkers in liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Vitoria Tofolo
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil.
| | - Emanuelle Nunes-Souza
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Marchi
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Miyuki Okano
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Ruthes
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil.
| | - Daiane Rosolen
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Malheiros
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80060-000, Brazil.
| | - Aline Simoneti Fonseca
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil.
| | - Luciane Regina Cavalli
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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16
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King KE, Ghosh P, Wozniak AL. TRIM25 dictates selective miRNA loading into extracellular vesicles during inflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22952. [PMID: 38135735 PMCID: PMC10746700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are loaded with specific biomolecules in order to perform cell-to-cell communication. Understanding the mechanism of selective cargo loading is important to better understand the physiological and pathological function of EVs. Here we describe a novel target of the E3 ligase TRIM25 and show that inflammation-mediated EV loading of the RNA binding protein FMR1 and its associated microRNA, miR-155, is promoted by TRIM25-mediated K63-ubiquitination of FMR1. This ubiquitination promotes an interaction between FMR1 and the EV loading machinery via the cleavage of the trafficking adaptor protein RILP. These interactions are lost when TRIM25 is knocked down. Loss of TRIM25 also prevents the loading of both FMR1 and miR-155. These findings suggest that inflammation-mediated loading of FMR1 and its associated microRNAs into the EV are dependent on K63-ubiquitination by TRIM25 and provide novel insights and tools to manipulate EV biogenesis for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Ann L Wozniak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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17
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Keup C, Kimmig R, Kasimir-Bauer S. The Diversity of Liquid Biopsies and Their Potential in Breast Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5463. [PMID: 38001722 PMCID: PMC10670968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyzing blood as a so-called liquid biopsy in breast cancer (BC) patients has the potential to adapt therapy management. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and other blood components mirror the tumoral heterogeneity and could support a range of clinical decisions. Multi-cancer early detection tests utilizing blood are advancing but are not part of any clinical routine yet. Liquid biopsy analysis in the course of neoadjuvant therapy has potential for therapy (de)escalation.Minimal residual disease detection via serial cfDNA analysis is currently on its way. The prognostic value of blood analytes in early and metastatic BC is undisputable, but the value of these prognostic biomarkers for clinical management is controversial. An interventional trial confirmed a significant outcome benefit when therapy was changed in case of newly emerging cfDNA mutations under treatment and thus showed the clinical utility of cfDNA analysis for therapy monitoring. The analysis of PIK3CA or ESR1 variants in plasma of metastatic BC patients to prescribe targeted therapy with alpesilib or elacestrant has already arrived in clinical practice with FDA-approved tests available and is recommended by ASCO. The translation of more liquid biopsy applications into clinical practice is still pending due to a lack of knowledge of the analytes' biology, lack of standards and difficulties in proving clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Keup
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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18
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Anilkumar KV, Rema LP, John MC, Vanesa John T, George A. miRNAs in the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer: A review. Life Sci 2023; 333:122183. [PMID: 37858714 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and invasive type of breast cancer (BC) with high mortality rate wherein effective target medicaments are lacking. It is a very heterogeneous group with several subtypes that account for 10-20% of cancer among women globally, being negative for three most important receptors (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)), with an early and high recurrence resulting in poor survival rate. Therefore, a more thorough knowledge on carcinogenesis of TNBC is required for the development of personalized treatment options. miRNAs can either promote or suppress tumorigenesis and have been linked to a number of features of cancer progression, including proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent miRNA research shows that there is great potential for the development of novel biomarkers as they have emerged as drivers of tumorigenesis and provide opportunities to target various components involved in TNBC, thus helping to solve this difficult-to-treat disease. In this review, we summarize the most relevant miRNAs that play an essential role in TNBC biology. Their role with regard to molecular mechanisms underlying TNBC progression has been discussed, and their potential use as therapeutic or prognostic markers to unravel the intricacy of TNBC based on the pieces of evidence obtained from various works of literature has been briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya V Anilkumar
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Maharaja's College, Ernakulam, 682011, India; Cell and Molecular Biology Facility, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - L P Rema
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Maharaja's College, Ernakulam, 682011, India
| | - Mithun Chacko John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala 680005, India
| | - T Vanesa John
- Department of Pathology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Alex George
- Cell and Molecular Biology Facility, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India.
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19
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Mamalo AS, Alivirdiloo V, Sadeghnejad A, Hajiabbasi M, Gargari MK, Valilo M. Potential roles of the exosome/microRNA axis in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154845. [PMID: 37839359 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world, and various genetic and environmental factors play a key role in its development. Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers in women. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) with an average size of about 100 nm that contain lipids, proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), and genetic factors and play a significant role in cell signaling, communication, tumorigenesis, and drug resistance. miRNAs are RNAs with about 22 nucleotides, which are synthesized by RNA polymerase and are involved in regulating gene expression, as well as the prevention or progression of cancer. Many studies have indicated the connection between miRNAs and exosomes. According to their findings, it seems that circulating exosomal miRNAs have not been well evaluated as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis or monitoring. Therefore, given the importance of miRNAs in exosomes, the goal of the present study was to clarify the relationship between miRNAs in exosomes and the role they play as biomarkers in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Alivirdiloo
- Medical Doctor Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Azadeh Sadeghnejad
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morad Kohandel Gargari
- Imamreza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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20
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Lohajová Behulová R, Bugalová A, Bugala J, Struhárňanská E, Šafranek M, Juráš I. Circulating exosomal miRNAs as a promising diagnostic biomarker in cancer. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S193-S207. [PMID: 37888964 PMCID: PMC10669947 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer belongs to multifactorial diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and proliferation of abnormal cells. Breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer are the most frequently diagnosed malignancies with a high mortality rate. These carcinomas typically contain multiple genetically distinct subpopulations of tumor cells leading to tumor heterogeneity, which promotes the aggressiveness of the disease. Early diagnosis is necessary to increase patient progression-free survival. Particularly, miRNAs present in exosomes derived from tumors represent potential biomarkers suitable for early cancer diagnosis. Identification of miRNAs by liquid biopsy enables a personalized approach with the subsequent better clinical management of patients. This review article highlights the potential of circulating exosomal miRNAs in early breast, non-small cell lung, and colorectal cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lohajová Behulová
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Elizabeth's Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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21
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Jung HH, Kim JY, Cho EY, Lee JE, Kim SW, Nam SJ, Park YH, Ahn JS, Im YH. A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis for Serum Extracellular Vesicles Reveals APRIL (TNFSF13), CXCL13, and VEGF-A as Prognostic Biomarkers for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15576. [PMID: 37958571 PMCID: PMC10647725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is widely used as a standard treatment for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). While patients who achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) have a highly favorable outcome, patients who do not achieve pCR have variable prognoses. It is important to identify patients who are most likely to have poor survival outcomes to identify candidates for more aggressive therapeutic approaches after NAC. Many studies have demonstrated that cytokines and growth factors packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs) have an essential role in tumor progression and drug resistance. In this study, we examined the role of serum-derived EV-associated cytokines as prognostic biomarkers for long-term outcomes in patients who underwent anthracycline-taxane-based NAC. We isolated extracellular vesicles from the serum of 190 TNBC patients who underwent NAC between 2015 and 2018 at Samsung Medical Center. EV-associated cytokine concentrations were measured with ProcartaPlex Immune Monitoring 65-plex panels. The prognostic value of EV-associated cytokines was studied. We found that patients with high EV_APRIL, EV_CXCL13, and EV_VEGF-A levels had shorter overall survival (OS). We further evaluated the role of these selected biomarkers as prognostic factors in patients with residual disease (RD) after NAC. Even in patients with RD, high levels of EV_APRIL, EV_CXCL13, and EV_VEGF-A were correlated with poor OS. In all subgroup analyses, EV_CXCL13 overexpression was significantly associated with poor overall survival. Moreover, multivariate analysis indicated that a high level of EV_CXCL13 was an independent predictor of poor OS. Correlation analysis between biomarker levels in EVs and serum showed that EV_VEGF-A positively correlated with soluble VEGF-A but not CXCL13. An elevated level of soluble VEGF-A was also associated with poor OS. These findings suggest that EV_APRIL, EV_CXCL13, and EV_VEGF-A may be useful in identifying TNBC patients at risk of poor survival outcomes after NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Hyun Jung
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (H.H.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (Y.H.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (H.H.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (Y.H.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (E.Y.C.); (J.E.L.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Eun Yoon Cho
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (E.Y.C.); (J.E.L.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (E.Y.C.); (J.E.L.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.N.)
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (E.Y.C.); (J.E.L.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.N.)
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (E.Y.C.); (J.E.L.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.N.)
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (H.H.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (Y.H.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (E.Y.C.); (J.E.L.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (E.Y.C.); (J.E.L.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Young-Hyuck Im
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (H.H.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (Y.H.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (E.Y.C.); (J.E.L.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.N.)
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22
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Soni N, Nandi G, Chaudhary M, Bissa B. The role of ncRNA in the co-regulation of autophagy and exosome pathways during cancer progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119523. [PMID: 37348764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery a few decades ago, autophagy has been recognized as a crucial signaling pathway, linked to the recycling of cellular components in nutrient stress. Autophagy is a two-way sword, playing a dual role in tumorigenesis. In this catabolic process, dysfunctional organelles, biomolecules, and misfolded proteins are sequestered in the autophagosome and sent to the lysosome for degradation. Alongside, there are cellular messengers called exosomes, which are released from cells and are known to communicate and regulate metabolism in recipient cells. Multivesicular bodies (MVB) act as the intricate link between autophagy and exosome pathways. The continuous crosstalk between the two pathways is coordinated and regulated by multiple players among which ncRNA is the emerging candidates. The exosomes carry varied cargo of which non-coding RNA exerts an immediate regulatory effect on recipient cells. ncRNA is known to exhibit dual behavior in both promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. There is increasing evidence for the involvement of ncRNAs' in the regulation of different hallmarks of cancer. Different ncRNAs are involved in the co-regulation of autophagy and exosome pathways and therefore represent a superior therapeutic approach to target cancer chemoresistance. Here, we will discuss the ncRNA involved in regulating autophagy, and exosomes pathways and its relevance in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Soni
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gargi Nandi
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Megha Chaudhary
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhawana Bissa
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
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23
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Patel G, Agnihotri TG, Gitte M, Shinde T, Gomte SS, Goswami R, Jain A. Exosomes: a potential diagnostic and treatment modality in the quest for counteracting cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1159-1179. [PMID: 37040056 PMCID: PMC10088756 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are nanosized bio vesicles formed when multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane merge and discharge into bodily fluids. They are well recognized for facilitating intercellular communication by transporting numerous biomolecules, including DNA, RNAs, proteins, and lipids, and have been implicated in varied diseases including cancer. Exosomes may be altered to transport a variety of therapeutic payloads, including as short interfering RNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, chemotherapeutic drugs, and immunological modulators, and can be directed to a specific target. Exosomes also possess the potential to act as a diagnostic biomarker in cancer, in addition to their therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION In this review, the physiological roles played by exosomes were summarized along with their biogenesis process. Different isolation techniques of exosomes including centrifugation-based, size-based, and polymer precipitation-based techniques have also been described in detail with a special focus on cancer therapeutic applications. The review also shed light on techniques of incubation of drugs with exosomes and their characterization methods covering the most advanced techniques. Myriad applications of exosomes in cancer as diagnostic biomarkers, drug delivery carriers, and chemoresistance-related issues have been discussed at length. Furthermore, a brief overview of exosome-based anti-cancer vaccines and a few prominent challenges concerning exosomal delivery have been concluded at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Tejas Girish Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Manoj Gitte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Tanuja Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Shyam Sudhakar Gomte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Roshan Goswami
- Biological E Limited, Plot No-1, Phase 2, Kolthur Village, Medchal District, Shameerpet Mdl, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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24
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Jalil AT, Jehad MT, Al-Ameer LR, Khallawi AQ, Essa IM, Merza MS, Zabibah RS, Al-Hili F. Revolutionizing treatment for triple-negative breast cancer: Harnessing the power of exosomal miRNAs for targeted therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154825. [PMID: 37769396 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a challenging and aggressive form of breast cancer associated with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Although chemotherapy is a primary therapeutic approach, drug resistance often hinders treatment success. However, the expanding knowledge of TNBC subtypes and molecular biology has paved the way for targeted therapies. Notably, exosomes (extracellular vesicles) have emerged as crucial carriers of tumorigenic factors involved in oncogenesis and drug resistance, facilitating cell-to-cell communication and offering potential as self-delivery systems. Among the cargo carried by exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained attention due to their ability to mediate epigenetic changes in recipient cells upon transfer. Research has confirmed dysregulation of exosomal miRNAs in breast cancer cells compared to healthy cells, establishing them as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the latest research findings that underscore the diagnostic and prognostic significance of exosomal miRNAs in TNBC treatment. Furthermore, we explore contemporary therapeutic approaches utilizing these exosomal miRNAs for the benefit of TNBC patients, shedding light on potential breakthroughs in TNBC management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anwar Qasim Khallawi
- College of Health and Medical Technologies, Medical Laboratory Department, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Israa M Essa
- University of Basrah, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Iraq
| | - Muna S Merza
- Prosthetic Dental Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal, University College, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Farah Al-Hili
- Medical technical college, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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25
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Mukherjee S, Dhar R, Jonnalagadda S, Gorai S, Nag S, Kar R, Mukerjee N, Mukherjee D, Vatsa R, Arikketh D, Krishnan A, Gundamaraju R, Jha SK, Alexiou A, Papadakis M. Exosomal miRNAs and breast cancer: a complex theranostics interlink with clinical significance. Biomarkers 2023; 28:502-518. [PMID: 37352015 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2023.2229537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the most challenging global health crisis of the current decade, impacting a large population of females annually. In the field of cancer research, the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes (a subpopulation of EVs), has marked a significant milestone. In general, exosomes are released from all active cells but tumour cell-derived exosomes (TDXs) have a great impact (TDXs miRNAs, proteins, lipid molecules) on cancer development and progression. TDXs regulate multiple events in breast cancer such as tumour microenvironment remodelling, immune cell suppression, angiogenesis, metastasis (EMT-epithelial mesenchymal transition, organ-specific metastasis), and therapeutic resistance. In BC, early detection is the most challenging event, exosome-based BC screening solved the problem. Exosome-based BC treatment is a sign of the transforming era of liquid biopsy, it is also a promising therapeutic tool for breast cancer. Exosome research goes to closer precision oncology via a single exosome profiling approach. Our hope is that this review will serve as motivation for researchers to explore the field of exosomes and develop an efficient, and affordable theranostics approach for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | | | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Rishav Kar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Belur Math,India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | | | - Rishabh Vatsa
- Department of Microbiology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, India
| | - Devi Arikketh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
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26
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Ghetti M, Vannini I, Bochicchio MT, Azzali I, Ledda L, Marconi G, Melloni M, Fabbri F, Rondoni M, Chicchi R, Angeli D, Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Giannini B, Zacheo I, Biguzzi R, Lanza F, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. Uncovering the expression of circPVT1 in the extracellular vesicles of acute myeloid leukemia patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115235. [PMID: 37536029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as molecular mediators in the tumor microenvironment, by shuttling information contained within malignant cells and functioning as regulators of the immune system. Circular (circ)RNAs are characterized by a closed loop-like structure that makes them more stable in the extracellular milieu and suitable to be packaged inside EVs. circPVT1 (hsa_circ_0001821) showed an oncogenic role in several cancer types and immunosuppressive properties in myeloid and lymphoid cell subsets. In this study, we characterized EVs from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in terms of size, concentrations, surface markers and circPVT1 cargo. We showed that circPVT1 is overexpressed by primary blast cells from newly-diagnosed AML patients compared with hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells and is released as cell-free RNA in the plasma. We isolated EVs from the plasma of AML patients and healthy subjects by size exclusion chromatography and characterized them by nanoparticle tracking analysis. EVs from patients' plasma are larger compared with those from healthy subjects and their surface profile is characterized by higher levels of the leukemic cell markers CD133, CD105, CD49e and other immune-related epitopes, with differences according to AML molecular profile. Moreover, digital PCR analysis revealed that circPVT1 is more abundant inside EVs from the plasma of AML patients compared with healthy subjects. Our findings provide new insights on the features and content of AML EVs and suggest a role of circPVT1 in the crosstalk between AML cells and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ghetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Ivan Vannini
- Pathology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bochicchio
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Irene Azzali
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ledda
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marconi
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Mattia Melloni
- Laboratory of Biomarkers, Biomolecular Targets and Personalized Medicine in Oncology, Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Rondoni
- Hematology Unit & Romagna Transplant Network, Ravenna Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Roberta Chicchi
- Laboratorio Unico AUSL della Romagna, U.O. Medicina Trasfusionale di Forlì-Cesena e Officina Trasfusionale della Romagna, Pievesestina di Cesena, Italy
| | - Davide Angeli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy; Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
| | - Barbara Giannini
- Laboratorio Unico AUSL della Romagna, U.O. Genetica Medica, Pievesestina di Cesena, Italy
| | - Irene Zacheo
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Rino Biguzzi
- Laboratorio Unico AUSL della Romagna, U.O. Medicina Trasfusionale di Forlì-Cesena e Officina Trasfusionale della Romagna, Pievesestina di Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesco Lanza
- Hematology Unit & Romagna Transplant Network, Ravenna Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy.
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27
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Murillo Carrasco AG, Otake AH, Macedo-da-Silva J, Feijoli Santiago V, Palmisano G, Andrade LNDS, Chammas R. Deciphering the Functional Status of Breast Cancers through the Analysis of Their Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13022. [PMID: 37629204 PMCID: PMC10455604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) accounts for the highest incidence of tumor-related mortality among women worldwide, justifying the growing search for molecular tools for the early diagnosis and follow-up of BC patients under treatment. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanocompartments produced by all human cells, including tumor cells. Since minimally invasive methods collect EVs, which represent reservoirs of signals for cell communication, these particles have attracted the interest of many researchers aiming to improve BC screening and treatment. Here, we analyzed the cargoes of BC-derived EVs, both proteins and nucleic acids, which yielded a comprehensive list of potential markers divided into four distinct categories, namely, (i) modulation of aggressiveness and growth; (ii) preparation of the pre-metastatic niche; (iii) epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; and (iv) drug resistance phenotype, further classified according to their specificity and sensitivity as vesicular BC biomarkers. We discuss the therapeutic potential of and barriers to the clinical implementation of EV-based tests, including the heterogeneity of EVs and the available technologies for analyzing their content, to present a consistent, reproducible, and affordable set of markers for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Andreia Hanada Otake
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Veronica Feijoli Santiago
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
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28
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Chen Z, Li C, Zhou Y, Yao Y, Liu J, Wu M, Su J. Liquid biopsies for cancer: From bench to clinic. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e329. [PMID: 37492785 PMCID: PMC10363811 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, liquid biopsy has been increasingly used as a supplement, or even, a replacement to the traditional biopsy in clinical oncological practice, due to its noninvasive and early detectable properties. The detections can be based on a variety of features extracted from tumor‑derived entities, such as quantitative alterations, genetic changes, and epigenetic aberrations, and so on. So far, the clinical applications of cancer liquid biopsy mainly aimed at two aspects, prediction (early diagnosis, prognosis and recurrent evaluation, therapeutic response monitoring, etc.) and intervention. In spite of the rapid development and great contributions achieved, cancer liquid biopsy is still a field under investigation and deserves more clinical practice. To better open up future work, here we systematically reviewed and compared the latest progress of the most widely recognized circulating components, including circulating tumor cells, cell-free circulating DNA, noncoding RNA, and nucleosomes, from their discovery histories to clinical values. According to the features applied, we particularly divided the contents into two parts, beyond epigenetics and epigenetic-based. The latter was considered as the highlight along with a brief overview of the advances in both experimental and bioinformatic approaches, due to its unique advantages and relatively lack of documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Oujiang LaboratoryZhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain HealthWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chenghao Li
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Oujiang LaboratoryZhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain HealthWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yinghao Yao
- Oujiang LaboratoryZhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain HealthWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Min Wu
- Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jianzhong Su
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Oujiang LaboratoryZhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain HealthWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiangChina
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29
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Patel U, Susman D, Allan AL. Influence of Extracellular Vesicles on Lung Stromal Cells during Breast Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11801. [PMID: 37511559 PMCID: PMC10380344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prominent cause of cancer diagnosis and death in women globally, with over 90% of deaths being attributed to complications that arise from metastasis. One of the common locations for breast cancer metastasis is the lung, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Curative treatments for metastatic breast cancer patients are not available and the molecular mechanisms that underlie lung metastasis are not fully understood. In order to better treat these patients, identifying events that occur both prior to and during metastatic spread to the lung is essential. Several studies have demonstrated that breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles secreted from the primary breast tumor play a key role in establishing the lung pre-metastatic niche to support colonization of metastatic tumor cells. In this review, we summarize recent work supporting the influence of extracellular vesicles on stromal components of the lung to construct the pre-metastatic niche and support metastasis. Furthermore, we discuss the potential clinical applications of utilizing extracellular vesicles for diagnosis and treatment. Together, this review highlights the dynamic nature of extracellular vesicles, their roles in breast cancer metastasis to the lung, and their value as potential biomarkers and therapeutics for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi Patel
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - David Susman
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Alison L Allan
- Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology and Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
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30
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Mahmoodpour M, Kiasari BA, Karimi M, Abroshan A, Shamshirian D, Hosseinalizadeh H, Delavari A, Mirzei H. Paper-based biosensors as point-of-care diagnostic devices for the detection of cancers: a review of innovative techniques and clinical applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1131435. [PMID: 37456253 PMCID: PMC10348714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1131435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and rapid progression of cancer are major social problems. Medical diagnostic techniques and smooth clinical care of cancer are new necessities that must be supported by innovative diagnostic methods and technologies. Current molecular diagnostic tools based on the detection of blood protein markers are the most common tools for cancer diagnosis. Biosensors have already proven to be a cost-effective and accessible diagnostic tool that can be used where conventional laboratory methods are not readily available. Paper-based biosensors offer a new look at the world of analytical techniques by overcoming limitations through the creation of a simple device with significant advantages such as adaptability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of use, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, we covered the characteristics of exosomes and their role in tumor growth and clinical diagnosis, followed by a discussion of various paper-based biosensors for exosome detection, such as dipsticks, lateral flow assays (LFA), and microfluidic paper-based devices (µPADs). We also discussed the various clinical studies on paper-based biosensors for exosome detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mahmoodpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Merat Karimi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arezou Abroshan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Danial Shamshirian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Delavari
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Fu X, Song J, Yan W, Downs BM, Wang W, Li J. The biological function of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles on metabolism. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:150. [PMID: 37349803 PMCID: PMC10286389 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in the process of information transfer and material transport between cells. EVs are classified into different types according to their sizes, which includes the class of exosomes. In comparison to normal EVs, tumor-derived EVs (TDEs) have both altered components and quantities of contents. TDEs have been shown to help facilitate an environment conducive to the occurrence and development of tumor by regulation of glucose, lipids and amino acids. Furthermore, TDEs can also affect the host metabolism and immune system. EVs have been shown to have multiple clinically useful properties, including the use of TDEs as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of diseases and using the transport properties of exosomes for drug delivery. Targeting the key bioactive cargoes of exosomes could be applied to provide new strategies for the treatment of tumors. In this review, we summarize the finding of studies focused on measuring the effects of TDE on tumor-related microenvironment and systemic metabolism. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Junlong Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Wei Yan
- School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Bradley M. Downs
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
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Tengler L, Schütz J, Tiedtke M, Jablonska J, Theodoraki MN, Nitschke K, Weiß C, Seiz E, Affolter A, Jungbauer F, Lammert A, Rotter N, Ludwig S. Plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles unleash the angiogenic potential in head and neck cancer patients. Mol Med 2023; 29:69. [PMID: 37226100 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Head and neck cancer (HNC) angiogenesis is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from HNC cell lines alter endothelial cell (EC) functions towards a pro-angiogenic phenotype. However, the role of plasma sEVs retrieved from HNC patients in this process is not clear so far. METHODS Plasma sEVs were isolated on size exclusion chromatography columns from 32 HNC patients (early-stage UICC I/II: 8, advanced-stage UICC III/IV: 24), 12 patients with no evident disease after therapy (NED) and 16 healthy donors (HD). Briefly, sEVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), BCA protein assays and Western blots. Levels of angiogenesis-associated proteins were determined using antibody arrays. The interaction of fluorescently-labeled sEVs with human umbilical vein ECs was visualized by confocal microscopy. The functional effect of sEVs on tubulogenesis, migration, proliferation and apoptosis of ECs was assessed. RESULTS The internalization of sEVs by ECs was visualized using confocal microscopy. Based on antibody arrays, all plasma sEVs were enriched in anti-angiogenic proteins. HNC sEVs contained more pro-angiogenic MMP-9 and anti-angiogenic proteins (Serpin F1) than HD sEVs. Interestingly, a strong inhibition of EC function was observed for sEVs from early-stage HNC, NED and HD. In contrast, sEVs from advanced-stage HNC showed a significantly increased tubulogenesis, migration and proliferation and induced less apoptosis in ECs than sEVs from HD. CONCLUSIONS In general, plasma sEVs carry a predominantly anti-angiogenic protein cargo and suppress the angiogenic properties of ECs, while sEVs from (advanced-stage) HNC patients induce angiogenesis compared to HD sEVs. Thus, tumor-derived sEVs within the plasma of HNC patients might shift the angiogenic switch towards angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Tengler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Schütz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Moritz Tiedtke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Nitschke
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christel Weiß
- Department of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elena Seiz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annette Affolter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederic Jungbauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Lammert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonja Ludwig
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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33
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Logozzi M, Orefice NS, Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Fais S. The Importance of Detecting, Quantifying, and Characterizing Exosomes as a New Diagnostic/Prognostic Approach for Tumor Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112878. [PMID: 37296842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) of nanometric size studied for their role in tumor pathogenesis and progression and as a new source of tumor biomarkers. The clinical studies have provided encouraging but probably unexpected results, including the exosome plasmatic levels' clinical relevance and well-known biomarkers' overexpression on the circulating EVs. The technical approach to obtaining EVs includes methods to physically purify EVs and characterize EVs, such as Nanosight Tracking Analysis (NTA), immunocapture-based ELISA, and nano-scale flow cytometry. Based on the above approaches, some clinical investigations have been performed on patients with different tumors, providing exciting and promising results. Here we emphasize data showing that exosome plasmatic levels are consistently higher in tumor patients than in controls and that plasmatic exosomes express well-known tumor markers (e.g., PSA and CEA), proteins with enzymatic activity, and nucleic acids. However, we also know that tumor microenvironment acidity is a key factor in influencing both the amount and the characteristics of the exosome released by tumor cells. In fact, acidity significantly increases exosome release by tumor cells, which correlates with the number of exosomes that circulate through the body of a tumor patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Salvatore Orefice
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Davide Mizzoni
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d'Abruzzo, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Salimi L, Seyedaghamiri F, Karimipour M, Mobarak H, Mardi N, Taghavi M, Rahbarghazi R. Physiological and pathological consequences of exosomes at the blood-brain-barrier interface. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:118. [PMID: 37208741 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) interface with multicellular structure controls strictly the entry of varied circulating macromolecules from the blood-facing surface into the brain parenchyma. Under several pathological conditions within the central nervous system, the integrity of the BBB interface is disrupted due to the abnormal crosstalk between the cellular constituents and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Exosomes (Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles with diverse therapeutic outcomes. These particles transfer a plethora of signaling molecules with the potential to modulate target cell behavior in a paracrine manner. Here, in the current review article, the therapeutic properties of Exos and their potential in the alleviation of compromised BBB structure were discussed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Salimi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Seyedaghamiri
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghavi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Aseervatham J. Dynamic Role of Exosome microRNAs in Cancer Cell Signaling and Their Emerging Role as Noninvasive Biomarkers. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050710. [PMID: 37237523 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that originate from endosomes and are released by all cells irrespective of their origin or type. They play an important role in cell communication and can act in an autocrine, endocrine, or paracrine fashion. They are 40-150 nm in diameter and have a similar composition to the cell of origin. An exosome released by a particular cell is unique since it carries information about the state of the cell in pathological conditions such as cancer. miRNAs carried by cancer-derived exosomes play a multifaceted role by taking part in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and immune evasion. Depending on the type of miRNA that it carries as its cargo, it can render cells chemo- or radiosensitive or resistant and can also act as a tumor suppressor. Since the composition of exosomes is affected by the cellular state, stress, and changes in the environment, they can be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Their unique ability to cross biological barriers makes them an excellent choice as vehicles for drug delivery. Because of their easy availability and stability, they can be used to replace cancer biopsies, which are invasive and expensive. Exosomes can also be used to follow the progression of diseases and monitor treatment strategies. A better understanding of the roles and functions of exosomal miRNA can be used to develop noninvasive, innovative, and novel treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Aseervatham
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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36
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Encarnación-Medina J, Godoy L, Matta J, Ortiz-Sánchez C. Identification of Exo-miRNAs: A Summary of the Efforts in Translational Studies Involving Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091339. [PMID: 37174739 PMCID: PMC10177092 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 10-15% of all breast cancers (BC) in the US and its diagnosis is associated with poor survival outcomes. A better understanding of the disease etiology is crucial to identify target treatment options to improve patient outcomes. The role of exo-miRNAs in TNBC has been studied for more than two decades. Although some studies have identified exo-miR candidates in TNBC using clinical samples, consensus regarding exo-miR candidates has not been achieved. The purpose of this review is to gather information regarding exo-miR candidates reported in TNBC translational studies along with the techniques used to isolate and validate the potential targets. The techniques suggested in this review are based on the use of commercially available materials for research and clinical laboratories. We expect that the information included in this review can add additional value to the recent efforts in the development of a liquid biopsy to identify TNBC cases and further improve their survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarline Encarnación-Medina
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716-2347, Puerto Rico
| | - Lenin Godoy
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716-2347, Puerto Rico
| | - Jaime Matta
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716-2347, Puerto Rico
| | - Carmen Ortiz-Sánchez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716-2347, Puerto Rico
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Garrido-Palacios A, Rojas Carvajal AM, Núñez-Negrillo AM, Cortés-Martín J, Sánchez-García JC, Aguilar-Cordero MJ. MicroRNA Dysregulation in Early Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098270. [PMID: 37175974 PMCID: PMC10179484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be the leading cause of death in women worldwide. Mammography, which is the current gold standard technique used to diagnose it, presents strong limitations in early ages where breast cancer is much more aggressive and fatal. MiRNAs present in numerous body fluids might represent a new line of research in breast cancer biomarkers, especially oncomiRNAs, known to play an important role in the suppression and development of neoplasms. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate dysregulated miRNA biomarkers and their diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer. Two independent researchers reviewed the included studies according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number "CRD42021256338". Observational case-control-based studies analyzing concentrations of microRNAs which have been published within the last 10 years were selected, and the concentrations of miRNAs in women with breast cancer and healthy controls were analyzed. Random-effects meta-analyses of miR-155 were performed on the studies which provided enough data to calculate diagnostic odds ratios. We determined that 34 microRNAs were substantially dysregulated and could be considered biomarkers of breast cancer. Individually, miR-155 provided better diagnostic results than mammography on average. However, when several miRNAs are used to screen, forming a panel, sensitivity and specificity rates improve, and they can be associated with classic biomarkers such us CA-125 or CEA. Based on the results of our meta-analysis, miR-155 might be a promising diagnostic biomarker for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garrido-Palacios
- CTS367, Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana María Rojas Carvajal
- CTS367, Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana María Núñez-Negrillo
- CTS367, Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - Jonathan Cortés-Martín
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
- CTS1068, Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Sánchez-García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
- CTS1068, Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - María José Aguilar-Cordero
- CTS367, Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
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38
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Loric S, Denis JA, Desbene C, Sabbah M, Conti M. Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer: From Biology and Function to Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7208. [PMID: 37108371 PMCID: PMC10139222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the first worldwide most frequent cancer in both sexes and the most commonly diagnosed in females. Although BC mortality has been thoroughly declining over the past decades, there are still considerable differences between women diagnosed with early BC and when metastatic BC is diagnosed. BC treatment choice is widely dependent on precise histological and molecular characterization. However, recurrence or distant metastasis still occurs even with the most recent efficient therapies. Thus, a better understanding of the different factors underlying tumor escape is mainly mandatory. Among the leading candidates is the continuous interplay between tumor cells and their microenvironment, where extracellular vesicles play a significant role. Among extracellular vesicles, smaller ones, also called exosomes, can carry biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and generate signal transmission through an intercellular transfer of their content. This mechanism allows tumor cells to recruit and modify the adjacent and systemic microenvironment to support further invasion and dissemination. By reciprocity, stromal cells can also use exosomes to profoundly modify tumor cell behavior. This review intends to cover the most recent literature on the role of extracellular vesicle production in normal and cancerous breast tissues. Specific attention is paid to the use of extracellular vesicles for early BC diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis because exosomes are actually under the spotlight of researchers as a high-potential source of liquid biopsies. Extracellular vesicles in BC treatment as new targets for therapy or efficient nanovectors to drive drug delivery are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Loric
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | | | - Cédric Desbene
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Marc Conti
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
- INTEGRACELL SAS, 91160 Longjumeau, France
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Treeck O, Haerteis S, Ortmann O. Non-Coding RNAs Modulating Estrogen Signaling and Response to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061632. [PMID: 36980520 PMCID: PMC10046587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest part of human DNA is transcribed into RNA that does not code for proteins. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators of protein-coding gene expression and have been shown to play important roles in health, disease and therapy response. Today, endocrine therapy of ERα-positive breast cancer (BC) is a successful treatment approach, but resistance to this therapy is a major clinical problem. Therefore, a deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms is important to overcome this resistance. An increasing amount of evidence demonstrate that ncRNAs affect the response to endocrine therapy. Thus, ncRNAs are considered versatile biomarkers to predict or monitor therapy response. In this review article, we intend to give a summary and update on the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) on estrogen signaling in BC cells, this pathway being the target of endocrine therapy, and their role in therapy resistance. For this purpose, we reviewed articles on these topics listed in the PubMed database. Finally, we provide an assessment regarding the clinical use of these ncRNA types, particularly their circulating forms, as predictive BC biomarkers and their potential role as therapy targets to overcome endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Treeck
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Silke Haerteis
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Lee Y, Ni J, Beretov J, Wasinger VC, Graham P, Li Y. Recent advances of small extracellular vesicle biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:33. [PMID: 36797736 PMCID: PMC9933347 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current clinical tools for breast cancer (BC) diagnosis are insufficient but liquid biopsy of different bodily fluids has recently emerged as a minimally invasive strategy that provides a real-time snapshot of tumour biomarkers for early diagnosis, active surveillance of progression, and post-treatment recurrence. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membranous structures 50-1000 nm in diameter that are released by cells into biological fluids. EVs contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids which play pivotal roles in tumourigenesis and metastasis through cell-to-cell communication. Proteins and miRNAs from small EVs (sEV), which range in size from 50-150 nm, are being investigated as a potential source for novel BC biomarkers using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and next-generation sequencing. This review covers recent developments in sEV isolation and single sEV analysis technologies and summarises the sEV protein and miRNA biomarkers identified for BC diagnosis, prognosis, and chemoresistance. The limitations of current sEV biomarker research are discussed along with future perspective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Julia Beretov
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Valerie C. Wasinger
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Yong Li
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
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An Epidemiological Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis on Biomarker Role of Circulating MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Incidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043910. [PMID: 36835336 PMCID: PMC9967215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial disease caused by an interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. MicroRNAs are a group of small non-coding RNA molecules, which seem to have a role either as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes and seem to be related to cancer risk factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify circulating microRNAs related to BC diagnosis, paying special attention to methodological problems in this research field. A meta-analysis was performed for microRNAs analyzed in at least three independent studies where sufficient data to make analysis were presented. Seventy-five studies were included in the systematic review. A meta-analysis was performed for microRNAs analyzed in at least three independent studies where sufficient data to make analysis were presented. Seven studies were included in the MIR21 and MIR155 meta-analysis, while four studies were included in the MIR10b metanalysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of MIR21 for BC diagnosis were 0.86 (95%CI 0.76-0.93) and 0.84 (95%CI 0.71-0.92), 0.83 (95%CI 0.72-0.91) and 0.90 (95%CI 0.69-0.97) for MIR155, and 0.56 (95%CI 0.32-0.71) and 0.95 (95%CI 0.88-0.98) for MIR10b, respectively. Several other microRNAs were found to be dysregulated, distinguishing BC patients from healthy controls. However, there was little consistency between included studies, making it difficult to identify specific microRNAs useful for diagnosis.
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Critical Review on the Different Roles of Exosomes in TNBC and Exosomal-Mediated Delivery of microRNA/siRNA/lncRNA and Drug Targeting Signalling Pathways in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041802. [PMID: 36838790 PMCID: PMC9967195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is the most potent metastatic type of breast cancer that can spread to other body parts. Chemotherapy and surgical intervention are the sole treatments for TNBC, owing to the scarcity of therapeutic targets. Manipulation of the membranes as per the desired targets of exosomes has recently gained much attention as a drug delivery method. Despite their known roles in different diseases, very few studies have focused on signalling that triggers the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer to other body parts by exosomes. This article highlights the significant roles of exosomes associated with TNBC, the involvement of exosomes in breast cancer diagnosis, progression, and the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer by the exosomes as a drug delivery system. This review paper also illustrates the role of exosomes in initiating EMT in breast cancer, including novel signalling.
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Yi YW. Therapeutic Implications of the Drug Resistance Conferred by Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043704. [PMID: 36835116 PMCID: PMC9960576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drug resistance is a significant impediment in current cancer treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cancer cells were recently acknowledged as a critical mechanism of drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. EVs are enveloped vesicles comprising a lipid bilayer that transfers various cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, from an originating cell to a recipient cell. Investigating the mechanisms whereby EVs confer drug resistance is still in the early stages. In this review, I analyze the roles of EVs derived from triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC-EVs) in anticancer drug resistance and discuss strategies to overcome TNBC-EV-mediated drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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Singh T, Kaushik M, Mishra LC, Behl C, Singh V, Tuli HS. Exosomal miRNAs as novel avenues for breast cancer treatment. Front Genet 2023; 14:1134779. [PMID: 37035739 PMCID: PMC10073516 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1134779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of death in women worldwide. It is a heterogeneous disease, as shown by the gene expression profiles of breast cancer samples. It begins in milk-producing ducts, with a high degree of diversity between and within tumors, as well as among cancer-bearing individuals. The enhanced prevalence of breast cancer is influenced by various hormonal, lifestyle, and environmental factors, and very early onset of the disease correlates strongly with the risk of local and distant recurrence. Many subtypes are difficult to treat with conventional therapeutic modalities, and therefore, optimal management and early diagnosis are the first steps to minimizing the mortality linked with breast cancer. The use of newer methods of nanotechnology extends beyond the concept of synthesizing drug delivery mechanisms into the creation of new therapeutics, such as delivering chemotherapeutics with nanomaterial properties. Exosomes, a class of nanovesicles, are emerging as novel tools for deciphering the patient-specific proteins and biomarkers across different disease models, including breast cancer. In this review, we address the role of exosomal miRNA in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejveer Singh
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Tejveer Singh, ,
| | - Mahesh Kaushik
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh Chandra Mishra
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chesta Behl
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Singh
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, India
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Jafari A, Karimabadi K, Rahimi A, Rostaminasab G, Khazaei M, Rezakhani L, Ahmadi jouybari T. The Emerging Role of Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for Early Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231205999. [PMID: 37817634 PMCID: PMC10566290 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231205999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of cancer-related deaths are recorded globally each year, despite attempts to cure this illness. Medical science is working to develop new medication therapies as well as to find ways to identify this illness as early as possible, even using noninvasive techniques. Early detection of cancer can greatly aid its treatment. Studies into cancer diagnosis and therapy have recently shifted their focus to exosome (EXO) biomarkers, which comprise numerous RNA and proteins. EXOs are minuscule goblet vesicles that have a width of 30 to 140 nm and are released by a variety of cells, including immune, stem, and tumor cells, as well as bodily fluids. According to a growing body of research, EXOs, and cancer appear to be related. EXOs from tumors play a role in the genetic information transfer between tumor and basal cells, which controls angiogenesis and fosters tumor development and spread. To identify malignant activities early on, microRNAs (miRNAs) from cancers can be extracted from circulatory system EXOs. Specific markers can be used to identify cancer-derived EXOs containing miRNAs, which may be more reliable and precise for early detection. Conventional solid biopsy has become increasingly limited as precision and personalized medicine has advanced, while liquid biopsy offers a viable platform for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, the use of body fluids such as serum, plasma, urine, and salivary secretions can help find cancer biomarkers using technologies related to EXOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keyvan Karimabadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Aso Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Rostaminasab
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Touraj Ahmadi jouybari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, which have the ability to convey various types of cargo between cells. Lately, a great amount of interest has been paid to exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), since much evidence has suggested that the sorting of miRNAs into exosomes is not an accidental process. It has been shown that exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRNAs) are implicated in a variety of cellular processes including (but not limited to) cell migration, apoptosis, proliferation, and autophagy. Exosomes can play a role in cardiovascular diseases and can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for several diseases, especially cancer. Tremendous advances in technology have led to the development of various platforms for miRNA profiling. Each platform has its own limitations and strengths that need to be understood in order to use them properly. In the current review, we summarize some exo-miRNAs that are relevant to exo-miRNA profiling studies and describe new methods used for the measurement of miRNA profiles in different human bodily fluids.
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Alotaibi F. Exosomal microRNAs in cancer: Potential biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets for immune checkpoint molecules. Front Genet 2023; 14:1052731. [PMID: 36873941 PMCID: PMC9982116 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1052731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer structure secreted from different cell types which can be found in various body fluids including blood, pleural fluid, saliva and urine. They carry different biomolecules including proteins, metabolites, and amino acids such as microRNAs which are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and promote cell-to-cell communication. One main function of the exosomal miRNAs (exomiRs) is their role in cancer pathogenesis. Alternation in exomiRs expression could indicate disease progression and can regulate cancer growth and facilitate drug response/resistance. It can also influence the tumour microenvironment by controlling important signaling that regulating immune checkpoint molecules leading to activation of T cell anti-tumour immunity. Therefore, they can be used as potential novel cancer biomarkers and innovative immunotherapeutic agents. This review highlights the use of exomiRs as potential reliable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, treatment response and metastasis. Finally, discuses their potential as immunotherapeutic agents to regulate immune checkpoint molecules and promote T cell anti-tumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Alotaibi
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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D'Agostino E, Muro A, Sgueglia G, Massaro C, Dell'Aversana C, Altucci L. Exosomal MicroRNAs: Comprehensive Methods from Exosome Isolation to miRNA Extraction and Purity Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2595:75-92. [PMID: 36441455 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2823-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells with a key role in a wide range of biological processes including cancer. These vesicles are involved in intercellular communication and deliver diverse cargo molecules, including miRNAs (exo-miRNAs), to recipient cells affecting their physiology. Exo-miRNAs have a role in promoting tumor, progression, metastatization, and remodeling of tumor microenvironment, therefore making them interesting biomarkers to study.Here we provide a detailed technical protocol for exosome isolation (which can be applied to cell culture as well as physiological fluids), validation of their vesicular identity, miRNA extraction, and quantitative and qualitative analysis to evaluate the sample purity and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika D'Agostino
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Muro
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Università degli studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Sgueglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Crescenzo Massaro
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversana
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. .,Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'Gaetano Salvatore' (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. .,BIOGEM, Ariano Irpino, Italy.
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Nalavade R, Singh M. Intracellular Compartmentalization: A Key Determinant of MicroRNA Functions. Microrna 2023; 12:114-130. [PMID: 37638608 DOI: 10.2174/2211536612666230330184006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Being an integral part of the eukaryotic transcriptome, miRNAs are regarded as vital regulators of diverse developmental and physiological processes. Clearly, miRNA activity is kept in check by various regulatory mechanisms that control their biogenesis and decay pathways. With the increasing technical depth of RNA profiling technologies, novel insights have unravelled the spatial diversity exhibited by miRNAs inside a cell. Compartmentalization of miRNAs adds complexity to the regulatory circuits of miRNA expression, thereby providing superior control over the miRNA function. This review provides a bird's eye view of miRNAs expressed in different subcellular locations, thus affecting the gene regulatory pathways therein. Occurrence of miRNAs in diverse intracellular locales also reveals various unconventional roles played by miRNAs in different cellular organelles and expands the scope of miRNA functions beyond their traditionally known repressive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Nalavade
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
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Wei Y, Yang W, Huang Q, Chen Y, Zeng K, Chen J, Chen J. Clinical significance of circulating tumor cell (CTC)-specific microRNA (miRNA) in breast cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:229-234. [PMID: 36574883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As a noninvasive method, circulating tumor cell (CTC) provides ideal liquid biopsy specimens for early cancer screening and diagnosis. CTCs detection in breast cancer is correlated with patient prognosis such as disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Besides, accumulating evidence supported that CTCs count may be indicator for chemotherapy response as well. The functional roles of microRNA (miRNA) in breast cancer have been well-recognized for the last few years. Due to its stability in circulation, numerous studies have proven that circulating miRNA may serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer. The potential ability of miRNAs in disease screening, staging or even molecular subtype classification makes them valuable tools for early breast cancer patients. It would be of great significance to characterize the miRNA expression profile in CTCs, which could provide reliable biological information originated from tumor. However, some issues need to be addressed before the utility of CTC-specific miRNAs in clinical setting. Taken together, we believe that CTC-specific miRNA detection will be trend for early breast cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment monitor in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Wei
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Weiqin Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qingnan Huang
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Medicine & Rehabilitation, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Hong Kong, China.
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