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Rodrigues L, Watson J, Feng Y, Lewis B, Harvey G, Post G, Megquier K, White ME, Lambert L, Miller A, Lopes C, Zhao S. Shared hotspot mutations in oncogenes position dogs as an unparalleled comparative model for precision therapeutics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10935. [PMID: 37414794 PMCID: PMC10325973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring canine cancers have remarkable similarities to their human counterparts. To better understand these similarities, we investigated 671 client-owned dogs from 96 breeds with 23 common tumor types, including those whose mutation profile are unknown (anal sac carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma) or understudied (thyroid carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma). We discovered mutations in 50 well-established oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and compared them to those reported in human cancers. As in human cancer, TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene, detected in 22.5% of canine tumors overall. Canine tumors share mutational hotspots with human tumors in oncogenes including PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, KIT and EGFR. Hotspot mutations with significant association to tumor type include NRAS G61R and PIK3CA H1047R in hemangiosarcoma, ERBB2 V659E in pulmonary carcinoma, and BRAF V588E (equivalent of V600E in humans) in urothelial carcinoma. Our findings better position canines as a translational model of human cancer to investigate a wide spectrum of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rodrigues
- One Health Company, Inc, 530 Lytton Ave, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA.
| | - Joshua Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, B304B Life Sciences Building, 120 Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602-7229, USA
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, B304B Life Sciences Building, 120 Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602-7229, USA
| | - Benjamin Lewis
- One Health Company, Inc, 530 Lytton Ave, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Garrett Harvey
- One Health Company, Inc, 530 Lytton Ave, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Gerald Post
- One Health Company, Inc, 530 Lytton Ave, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Kate Megquier
- One Health Company, Inc, 530 Lytton Ave, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Michelle E White
- One Health Company, Inc, 530 Lytton Ave, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Lindsay Lambert
- One Health Company, Inc, 530 Lytton Ave, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Aubrey Miller
- One Health Company, Inc, 530 Lytton Ave, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Christina Lopes
- One Health Company, Inc, 530 Lytton Ave, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Shaying Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, B304B Life Sciences Building, 120 Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602-7229, USA.
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2
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Oh JH, Cho JY. Comparative oncology: overcoming human cancer through companion animal studies. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:725-734. [PMID: 37009802 PMCID: PMC10167357 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative oncology is a field of study that has been recently adopted for studying cancer and developing cancer therapies. Companion animals such as dogs can be used to evaluate novel biomarkers or anticancer targets before clinical translation. Thus, the value of canine models is increasing, and numerous studies have been conducted to analyze similarities and differences between many types of spontaneously occurring cancers in canines and humans. A growing number of canine cancer models as well as research-grade reagents for these models are becoming available, leading to substantial growth in comparative oncology research spanning from basic science to clinical trials. In this review, we summarize comparative oncology studies that have been conducted on the molecular landscape of various canine cancers and highlight the importance of the integration of comparative biology into cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Korea 21 Project and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Korea 21 Project and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Wu K, Rodrigues L, Post G, Harvey G, White M, Miller A, Lambert L, Lewis B, Lopes C, Zou J. Analyses of canine cancer mutations and treatment outcomes using real-world clinico-genomics data of 2119 dogs. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:8. [PMID: 36658200 PMCID: PMC9852553 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous tumors in canines share significant genetic and histological similarities with human tumors, positioning them as valuable models to guide drug development. However, current translational studies have limited real world evidence as cancer outcomes are dispersed across veterinary clinics and genomic tests are rarely performed on dogs. In this study, we aim to expand the value of canine models by systematically characterizing genetic mutations in tumors and their response to targeted treatments. In total, we collect and analyze survival outcomes for 2119 tumor-bearing dogs and the prognostic effect of genomic alterations in a subset of 1108 dogs. Our analysis identifies prognostic concordance between canines and humans in several key oncogenes, including TP53 and PIK3CA. We also find that several targeted treatments designed for humans are associated with a positive prognosis when used to treat canine tumors with specific genomic alterations, underscoring the value of canine models in advancing drug discovery for personalized oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wu
- One Health Company, Palo Alto, CA US ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, US
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James Zou
- One Health Company, Palo Alto, CA US ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, US
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4
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An Analysis of Transcriptomic Burden Identifies Biological Progression Roadmaps for Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112720. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological paths of tumor progression are difficult to predict without time-series data. Using median shift and abacus transformation in the analysis of RNA sequencing data sets, natural patient stratifications were found based on their transcriptomic burden (TcB). Using gene-behavior analysis, TcB groups were evaluated further to discover biological courses of tumor progression. We found that solid tumors and hematological malignancies (n = 4179) share conserved biological patterns, and biological network complexity decreases at increasing TcB levels. An analysis of gene expression datasets including pediatric leukemia patients revealed TcB patterns with biological directionality and survival implications. A prospective interventional study with PI3K targeted therapy in canine lymphomas proved that directional biological responses are dynamic. To conclude, TcB-enriched biological mechanisms detected the existence of biological trajectories within tumors. Using this prognostic informative novel informatics method, which can be applied to tumor transcriptomes and progressive diseases inspires the design of progression-specific therapeutic approaches.
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5
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Arnason TG, MacDonald-Dickinson V, Gaunt MC, Davies GF, Lobanova L, Trost B, Gillespie ZE, Waldner M, Baldwin P, Borrowman D, Marwood H, Vizeacoumar FS, Vizeacoumar FJ, Eskiw CH, Kusalik A, Harkness TAA. Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex Reverses Multiple Drug Resistant Cancer in a Canine Model of Multiple Drug Resistant Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174215. [PMID: 36077749 PMCID: PMC9454423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple drug resistant cancers develop all too soon in patients who received successful cancer treatment. A lack of treatment options often leaves palliative care as the last resort. We tested whether the insulin sensitizer, metformin, known to have anti-cancer activity, could impact canines with drug resistant lymphoma when added to chemotherapy. All canines in the study expressed protein markers of drug resistance and within weeks of receiving metformin, the markers were decreased. A microarray was performed, and from four canines assessed, a common set of 290 elevated genes were discovered in tumor cells compared to control cells. This cluster was enriched with genes that stall the cell cycle, with a large component representing substrates of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), which degrades proteins. One canine entered partial remission. RNAs from this canine showed that APC substrates were decreased during remission and elevated again during relapse, suggesting that the APC was impaired in drug resistant canines and restored when remission occurred. We validated our results in cell lines using APC inhibitors and activators. We conclude that the APC may be a vital guardian of the genome and could delay the onset of multiple drug resistance when activated. Abstract Like humans, canine lymphomas are treated by chemotherapy cocktails and frequently develop multiple drug resistance (MDR). Their shortened clinical timelines and tumor accessibility make canines excellent models to study MDR mechanisms. Insulin-sensitizers have been shown to reduce the incidence of cancer in humans prescribed them, and we previously demonstrated that they also reverse and delay MDR development in vitro. Here, we treated canines with MDR lymphoma with metformin to assess clinical and tumoral responses, including changes in MDR biomarkers, and used mRNA microarrays to determine differential gene expression. Metformin reduced MDR protein markers in all canines in the study. Microarrays performed on mRNAs gathered through longitudinal tumor sampling identified a 290 gene set that was enriched in Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) substrates and additional mRNAs associated with slowed mitotic progression in MDR samples compared to skin controls. mRNAs from a canine that went into remission showed that APC substrate mRNAs were decreased, indicating that the APC was activated during remission. In vitro validation using canine lymphoma cells selected for resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs confirmed that APC activation restored MDR chemosensitivity, and that APC activity was reduced in MDR cells. This supports the idea that rapidly pushing MDR cells that harbor high loads of chromosome instability through mitosis, by activating the APC, contributes to improved survival and disease-free duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terra G. Arnason
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.G.A.); (T.A.A.H.)
| | - Valerie MacDonald-Dickinson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Matthew Casey Gaunt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Gerald F. Davies
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Brett Trost
- Department of Computer Science, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Zoe E. Gillespie
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Matthew Waldner
- Department of Computer Science, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Paige Baldwin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Devon Borrowman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Hailey Marwood
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Troy A. A. Harkness
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.G.A.); (T.A.A.H.)
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6
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Sirivisoot S, Kasantikul T, Techangamsuwan S, Radtanakatikanon A, Chen K, Lin TY, Rungsipipat A. Evaluation of 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphomas using MassARRAY. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5120. [PMID: 35332215 PMCID: PMC8948224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma in dogs with a multicentric form. This study aimed to assemble 41 variants of the previously reported genes and to investigate these variants in canine DLBCL using the Agena MassARRAY platform. These variants were chosen based on the high prevalence observed in canine B- and T-cell lymphomas, their significance for target therapy, and compatibility for multiplex PCR amplification. Lymph node biopsy was performed from 60 dogs with B-cell lymphoma comprising 47 purebred and 13 crossbred dogs. All dogs presented single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at HYAL4 and SATB1 genes. The lesser mutual SNPs were observed at SEL1L, excluding a cocker spaniel, and c-Kit, with the exception of a pug and a French bulldog. Even though no statistical association was noted between each SNP and dog breed, purebreds were 3.88 times more likely to have a SNP at FLT3 rs852342480 (95%CI 0.50–45.03, p = 0.26), 3.64 times at TRAF3 F306X (95%CI 0.58–42.50, p = 0.43) and 2.66 times at TRAF3 E303EX (95%CI 0.56–13.12, p = 0.31). Also, DLBCL dogs (CHOP-based treatment) with c-Kit T425= had a poorer prognosis with shorter median overall survival times (OST) than dogs with the wild type. Dogs treated with COP chemotherapy and contained 3–5 variants at SEL1L were associated with decreased median OST. Therefore, this SNP’s lymphoma panel provides valuable information that we can use to outline a prognosis and develop a treatment plan for the targeted therapy of each dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirintra Sirivisoot
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Clemson Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Clemson University, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Araya Radtanakatikanon
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ken Chen
- SQ Reference Lab, Beiqing Road, Qingpu district, Shanghai, China
| | - Tzu-Yin Lin
- University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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7
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Wang G, Wu M, Durham AC, Mason NJ, Roth DB. Canine Oncopanel: A capture-based, NGS platform for evaluating the mutational landscape and detecting putative driver mutations in canine cancers. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:91-101. [PMID: 34286913 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine cancer, a significant cause of mortality in domestic dogs, is a powerful comparative model for human cancers. Revealing genetic alterations driving the oncogenesis of canine cancers holds great potential to deepen our understanding of the cancer biology, guide therapeutic development, and improve cancer management in both dogs and people. Next generation sequencing (NGS) based-diagnostic panels have been routinely used in human oncology for the identification of clinically-actionable mutations, enabling tailored treatments based on the individual's unique mutation profiles. Here, we report the development of a comprehensive canine cancer gene panel, the Canine Oncopanel, using a hybridization capture-based targeted NGS method. The Canine Oncopanel allows deep sequencing of 283 cancer genes and the detection of somatic mutations within these genes. Vigorous optimization was performed to achieve robust, high-standard performance using metrics of similar cancer panels in human oncology as benchmarks. Validation of the Canine Oncopanel on reference tumour samples with known mutations demonstrated that it can detect variants previously identified by alternative methods, with high accuracy and sensitivity. Putative drivers were detected in over 90% of clinical samples, showing high sensitivity. The Canine Oncopanel is suitable to map mutation profiles and identify putative driver mutations across common and rare cancer types in dogs. The data generated by the Canine Oncopanel presents a rich resource of putative oncogenic driver mutations and potential clinically relevant markers, paving the way for personalized diagnostics and precision medicine in canine oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn Vet Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ming Wu
- Service and Support, Illumina, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Amy C Durham
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn Vet Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn Vet Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David B Roth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn Vet Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Chibuk J, Flory A, Kruglyak KM, Leibman N, Nahama A, Dharajiya N, van den Boom D, Jensen TJ, Friedman JS, Shen MR, Clemente-Vicario F, Chorny I, Tynan JA, Lytle KM, Holtvoigt LE, Murtaza M, Diaz LA, Tsui DWY, Grosu DS. Horizons in Veterinary Precision Oncology: Fundamentals of Cancer Genomics and Applications of Liquid Biopsy for the Detection, Characterization, and Management of Cancer in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:664718. [PMID: 33834049 PMCID: PMC8021921 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.664718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs, in part because many cases are identified at an advanced stage when clinical signs have developed, and prognosis is poor. Increased understanding of cancer as a disease of the genome has led to the introduction of liquid biopsy testing, allowing for detection of genomic alterations in cell-free DNA fragments in blood to facilitate earlier detection, characterization, and management of cancer through non-invasive means. Recent discoveries in the areas of genomics and oncology have provided a deeper understanding of the molecular origins and evolution of cancer, and of the "one health" similarities between humans and dogs that underlie the field of comparative oncology. These discoveries, combined with technological advances in DNA profiling, are shifting the paradigm for cancer diagnosis toward earlier detection with the goal of improving outcomes. Liquid biopsy testing has already revolutionized the way cancer is managed in human medicine - and it is poised to make a similar impact in veterinary medicine. Multiple clinical use cases for liquid biopsy are emerging, including screening, aid in diagnosis, targeted treatment selection, treatment response monitoring, minimal residual disease detection, and recurrence monitoring. This review article highlights key scientific advances in genomics and their relevance for veterinary oncology, with the goal of providing a foundational introduction to this important topic for veterinarians. As these technologies migrate from human medicine into veterinary medicine, improved awareness and understanding will facilitate their rapid adoption, for the benefit of veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicole Leibman
- The Cancer Institute, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Richard Shen
- RS Technology Ventures LLC., Rancho Santa Fe, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Muhammed Murtaza
- Department of Surgery and Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Luis A. Diaz
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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9
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Abstract
Comparative oncology clinical trials play an important and growing role in cancer research and drug development efforts. These trials, typically conducted in companion (pet) dogs, allow assessment of novel anticancer agents and combination therapies in a veterinary clinical setting that supports serial biologic sample collections and exploration of dose, schedule and corresponding pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships. Further, an intact immune system and natural co-evolution of tumour and microenvironment support exploration of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Substantial improvements in our collective understanding of the molecular landscape of canine cancers have occurred in the past 10 years, facilitating translational research and supporting the inclusion of comparative studies in drug development. The value of the approach is demonstrated in various clinical trial settings, including single-agent or combination response rates, inhibition of metastatic progression and randomized comparison of multiple agents in a head-to-head fashion. Such comparative oncology studies have been purposefully included in the developmental plan for several US FDA-approved and up-and-coming anticancer drugs. Challenges for this field include keeping pace with technology and data dissemination/harmonization, improving annotation of the canine genome and immune system, and generation of canine-specific validated reagents to support integration of correlative biology within clinical trial efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christina N Mazcko
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Smith PAD, Waugh EM, Crichton C, Jarrett RF, Morris JS. The prevalence and characterisation of TRAF3 and POT1 mutations in canine B-cell lymphoma. Vet J 2020; 266:105575. [PMID: 33323169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic and mutational basis of canine lymphoma remains poorly understood. Several genes, including TRAF3 and POT1, are mutated in canine B-cell lymphoma (cBCL), and are likely involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of TRAF3 and POT1 mutations in a cohort of dogs with cBCL, compared to dogs with non-cBCL diseases (including four dogs with T-cell lymphoma [cTCL]). Forty-nine dogs were included (n = 24 cBCL; n = 25 non-cBCL). Eleven dogs had matched non-tumour DNA assessed to determine if mutations were germline or somatic. All dogs had TRAF3 and POT1 assessed by Sanger sequencing. The prevalence of deleterious TRAF3 and POT1 mutations in cBCL was 36% and 17%, respectively. A deleterious TRAF3 mutation was suspected to be germline in 1/5 cases with matched non-tumour DNA available for comparison. Deleterious mutations were not found in specimens from the non-cBCL group. Several synonymous variants were identified in both genes in cBCL and non-cBCL samples, which likely represent polymorphisms. These results indicate TRAF3 and POT1 mutations are common in cBCL. Deleterious TRAF3 and POT1 mutations were only identified in dogs with cBCL, and not in dogs with non-cBCL diseases, suggesting they are important in the pathogenesis of cBCL. Future studies to investigate the prognostic and therapeutic implications of these mutations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A D Smith
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK.
| | - E M Waugh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Crichton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - R F Jarrett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - J S Morris
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
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11
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Onaciu A, Munteanu R, Munteanu VC, Gulei D, Raduly L, Feder RI, Pirlog R, Atanasov AG, Korban SS, Irimie A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Spontaneous and Induced Animal Models for Cancer Research. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E660. [PMID: 32878340 PMCID: PMC7555044 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the complexity of the current framework in oncology, the relevance of animal models in biomedical research is critical in light of the capacity to produce valuable data with clinical translation. The laboratory mouse is the most common animal model used in cancer research due to its high adaptation to different environments, genetic variability, and physiological similarities with humans. Beginning with spontaneous mutations arising in mice colonies that allow for pursuing studies of specific pathological conditions, this area of in vivo research has significantly evolved, now capable of generating humanized mice models encompassing the human immune system in biological correlation with human tumor xenografts. Moreover, the era of genetic engineering, especially of the hijacking CRISPR/Cas9 technique, offers powerful tools in designing and developing various mouse strains. Within this article, we will cover the principal mouse models used in oncology research, beginning with behavioral science of animals vs. humans, and continuing on with genetically engineered mice, microsurgical-induced cancer models, and avatar mouse models for personalized cancer therapy. Moreover, the area of spontaneous large animal models for cancer research will be briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Onaciu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Vlad Cristian Munteanu
- Department of Urology, The Oncology Institute “Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Richard-Ionut Feder
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.); (R.P.)
- Department of Morphological Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Schuyler S. Korban
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- 11th Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynaecological Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, 34–36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.); (R.P.)
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Avery AC. The Genetic and Molecular Basis for Canine Models of Human Leukemia and Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:23. [PMID: 32038991 PMCID: PMC6992561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging details of the gene expression and mutational features of canine lymphoma and leukemia demonstrate areas of similarities and differences between disease subsets in the humans and dogs. Many features of canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma resemble the ABC form of human DLBCL, including constitutive activation of the NF-kB pathway, and almost universal presence of double expressing MYC/BCL2 lymphomas. Frequent TRAF3 mutations and absence of BCL6 expression are differences with the human disease that need further exploration. Canine peripheral T-cell lymphoma is more common in dogs than in people and behaves in a similarly aggressive manner. Common features of canine and human PTCL include activation of the PI3 kinase pathways, loss of PTEN, and the tumor suppressor CDKN2. There is insufficient data available yet to determine if canine PTCL exhibits the GATA3-TBX21 dichotomy seen in people. Common to all forms of canine lymphoproliferative disease are breed-specific predilections for subsets of disease. This is particularly striking in PTCL, with the Boxer breed being dramatically overrepresented. Breed-specific diseases provide an opportunity for uncovering genetic and environmental risk factors that can aid early diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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13
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Harris LJ, Hughes KL, Ehrhart EJ, Labadie JD, Yoshimoto J, Avery AC. Canine CD4+ T-cell lymphoma identified by flow cytometry exhibits a consistent histomorphology and gene expression profile. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:253-264. [PMID: 30684308 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas (TCL) are a diverse group of neoplasms with variable diagnostic features, pathophysiologies, therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes. In dogs, TCL includes indolent and aggressive tumours such as T-zone lymphoma (TZL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), respectively. Delineation of molecular subtypes and investigation into underlying pathophysiologies of aggressive TCLs remains inadequate. We investigate the correlations between flow cytometry and histopathology of 73 cases of nodal TCL. The majority of cases (82.2%) were characterized as CD4+ TCL by flow cytometry. Fewer cases were classified as CD8+ TCL (6.8%) or CD4- CD8- TCL (11.0%). All cases, regardless of immunophenotype, exhibited conserved histologic features consistent with the WHO classification of PTCL. Histologic subsets of PTCL corresponding to immunophenotypic features were not identified. Neoplastic cell size determined by flow cytometry correlated significantly with mitotic rate. RNA-seq was performed on a subset of CD4+ PTCL cases (n = 6) and compared with sorted control CD4+ T-cells. The gene expression pattern of CD4+ PTCL was similar between all cases regardless of breed. PTCL was enriched in pathways representing G-coupled protein receptor signalling, extracellular matrix remodelling and vascular development, immune signalling and mitotic activity. Furthermore, global gene expression changes were consistent with downregulation of PTEN signalling and upregulation of the MTOR-PI3K-ATK axis. In this study, we evaluated the correlations between flow cytometry, histopathology and gene expression within a large cohort of nodal TCLs. We further demonstrate the ability of flow cytometry to identify a subtype of T-cell lymphoma, CD4+ PTCL, with a uniform histomorphology and gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Harris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kelly L Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - E J Ehrhart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Ethos Diagnostic Science Division, Ethos Veterinary Health, San Diego, California
| | - Julia D Labadie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Janna Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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14
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Hussain S, Saxena S, Shrivastava S, Mohanty AK, Kumar S, Singh RJ, Kumar A, Wani SA, Gandham RK, Kumar N, Sharma AK, Tiwari AK, Singh RK. Gene expression profiling of spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours: Insight into gene networks and pathways linked to cancer pathogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208656. [PMID: 30517191 PMCID: PMC6281268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms of unspayed female dogs leading to thrice higher mortality rates than human breast cancer. These are also attractive models for human breast cancer studies owing to clinical and molecular similarities. Thus, they are important candidates for biomarker studies and understanding cancer pathobiology. The study was designed to explore underlying molecular networks and pathways in CMTs for deciphering new prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. To gain an insight into various pathways and networks associated with the development and pathogenesis of CMTs, comparative cDNA microarray expression profiling was performed using CMT tissues and healthy mammary gland tissues. Upon analysis, 1700 and 1287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P ≤ 0.05) were identified in malignant and benign tissues, respectively. DEGs identified from microarray analysis were further annotated using the Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool for detection of deregulated canonical pathways, upstream regulators, and networks associated with malignant, as well as, benign disease. Top scoring key networks in benign and malignant mammary tumours were having central nodes of VEGF and BUB1B, respectively. Cyclins & cell cycle regulation and TREM1 signalling were amongst the top activated canonical pathways in CMTs. Other cancer related significant pathways like apoptosis signalling, dendritic cell maturation, DNA recombination and repair, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, etc. were also found to be altered. Furthermore, seven proteins (ANXA2, APOCII, CDK6, GATC, GDI2, GNAQ and MYH9) highly up-regulated in malignant tissues were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI-TOF PMF studies which were in concordance with microarray data. Thus, the study has uncovered ample number of candidate genes associated with CMTs which need to be further validated as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Sameer Shrivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Rajkumar James Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) BHU, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
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15
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Garden OA, Volk SW, Mason NJ, Perry JA. Companion animals in comparative oncology: One Medicine in action. Vet J 2018; 240:6-13. [PMID: 30268334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Comparative oncology is poised to have a far-reaching impact on both animals and human beings with cancer. The field is gaining momentum and has repeatedly proven its utility in various aspects of oncology, including study of the genetics, development, progression, immunology and therapy of cancer. Companion animals provide many advantages over both traditional rodent models and human beings for studying cancer biology and accelerating the development of novel anti-cancer therapies. In this review, several examples of the ability of companion animals with spontaneous cancers to fill a unique niche in the field of oncology are discussed. In addition, potential caveats of the use of companion animals in research are reviewed, as well as ethical considerations and efforts to standardize veterinary clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Garden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - S W Volk
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - N J Mason
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J A Perry
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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