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Choi SW, Sun AK, Cheung JPY, Ho JCY. Circulating Tumour Cells in the Prediction of Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:252. [PMID: 38254743 PMCID: PMC10813668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is the most common organ for the development of metastases in many primary tumours, including those of the breast, prostate and lung. In most cases, bone metastasis is incurable, and treatment is predominantly palliative. Much research has focused on the role of Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in the mechanism of metastasis to the bone, and methods have been developed to isolate and count CTCs from peripheral blood. Several methods are currently being used in the study of CTCs, but only one, the CellSearchTM system has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. This review summarises the advantages and disadvantages, and outlines which clinical studies have used these methods. Studies have found that CTC numbers are predictive of bone metastasis in breast, prostate and lung cancer. Further work is required to incorporate information on CTCs into current staging systems to guide treatment in the prevention of tumour progression into bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Wai Choi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Tramatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aria Kaiyuan Sun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (A.K.S.); (J.C.-Y.H.)
| | - Jason Pui-Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Tramatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jemmi Ching-Ying Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (A.K.S.); (J.C.-Y.H.)
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2
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Bonfil RD, Al-Eyd G. Evolving insights in blood-based liquid biopsies for prostate cancer interrogation. Oncoscience 2023; 10:69-80. [PMID: 38033786 PMCID: PMC10688444 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, blood sampling of cancer patients aimed at analyzing the presence of cells, membrane-bound vesicles, or molecules released by primary tumors or metastatic growths emerged as an alternative to traditional tissue biopsies. The advent of this minimally invasive approach, known as blood-based liquid biopsy, began to play a pivotal role in the management of diverse cancers, establishing itself as a vital component of precision medicine. Here, we discuss three blood-based liquid biopsies, namely circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and tumor-derived exosomes, as they relate to prostate cancer (PCa) management. The advances achieved in the molecular characterization of these types of liquid biopsies and their potential to predict recurrence, improve responses to certain treatments, and evaluate prognosis, in PCa patients, are highlighted herein. While there is currently full clinical validation for only one CTC-based and one ctDNA-based liquid biopsy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant PCa, the adoption of additional methods is anticipated as they undergo standardization and achieve analytical and clinical validation. Advantages and disadvantages of different blood-based liquid biopsy approaches in the context of PCa are outlined herein, while also considering potential synergies through combinatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Daniel Bonfil
- Department of Medical Education, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Ghaith Al-Eyd
- Department of Medical Education, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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3
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Ying M, Mao J, Sheng L, Wu H, Bai G, Zhong Z, Pan Z. Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis Detection and Prediction. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050705. [PMID: 37240875 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) causes deaths worldwide, ranking second after lung cancer. Bone metastasis (BM) frequently results from advanced PCa, affecting approximately 90% of patients, and it also often results in severe skeletal-related events. Traditional diagnostic methods for bone metastases, such as tissue biopsies and imaging, have substantial drawbacks. This article summarizes the significance of biomarkers in PCa accompanied with BM, including (1) bone formation markers like osteopontin (OPN), pro-collagen type I C-terminal pro-peptide (PICP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), pro-collagen type I N-terminal pro-peptide (PINP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC); (2) bone resorption markers, including C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), bone sialoprotein (BSP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP), deoxypyridinoline (D-PYD), pyridoxine (PYD), and C-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP); (3) prostate-specific antigen (PSA); (4) neuroendocrine markers, such as chromogranin A (CgA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and pro-gastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP); (5) liquid biopsy markers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), microRNA (miRNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and exosomes. In summary, some of these markers are already in widespread clinical use, while others still require further laboratory or clinical studies to validate their value for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuai Ying
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Jianshui Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Lingchao Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Guangchao Bai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Zhuolin Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
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4
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Archer Goode E, Wang N, Munkley J. Prostate cancer bone metastases biology and clinical management (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 25:163. [PMID: 36960185 PMCID: PMC10028493 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prominent causes of cancer-related mortality in the male population. A highly impactful prognostic factor for patients diagnosed with PCa is the presence or absence of bone metastases. The formation of secondary tumours at the bone is the most commonly observed site for the establishment of PCa metastases and is associated with reduced survival of patients in addition to a cohort of life-debilitating symptoms, including mobility issues and chronic pain. Despite the prevalence of this disease presentation and the high medical relevance of bone metastases, the mechanisms underlying the formation of metastases to the bone and the understanding of what drives the osteotropism exhibited by prostate tumours remain to be fully elucidated. This lack of in-depth understanding manifests in limited effective treatment options for patients with advanced metastatic PCa and culminates in the low rate of survival observed for this sub-set of patients. The present review aims to summarise the most recent promising advances in the understanding of how and why prostate tumours metastasise to the bone, with the ultimate aim of highlighting novel treatment and prognostic targets, which may provide the opportunity to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with PCa with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Archer Goode
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, International Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, International Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
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5
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Cohen EN, Jayachandran G, Gao H, Peabody P, McBride HB, Alvarez FD, Bravo PL, Qiao W, Liu S, Yao L, Lin SH, Reuben JM. Gene expression profiling of circulating tumor cells captured by MicroCavity Array is superior to enumeration in demonstrating therapy response in patients with newly diagnosed advanced and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:109-126. [PMID: 36762061 PMCID: PMC9903084 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a promising non-invasive tool for monitoring therapy response. The only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved test is limited to enumeration of epithelial CTC without further characterization and is not approved for the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here we use a MicroCavity Array (MCA) system to capture CTC agnostic of epithelial markers for further molecular testing in NSCLC. Methods CTCs were enumerated by fluorescent microscopy as longitudinal sampling throughout disease management from 213 NSCLC patients. CTC-enriched samples from a subset of 127 patients were interrogated for gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a customized pre-selected panel of 20 genes. Results At least 1 CTC was detected by enumeration in 53.8% of samples. Most patients had fewer than 5 CTCs (91%) and the highest observed count was 35 CTCs. Enumeration of single CTCs was not prognostic, although detection of CTC clusters at any time point was associated with increased risk of progression [hazard ratio (HR) 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-8.2, P=0.0318]. In contrast, 124 (97.6%) patients with samples interrogated for gene expression had at least 1 gene detectable in at least 1 sample, and 101 (79.5%) had at least one elevated epithelial gene in at least one timepoint. High expression of BCL2, CD274 [programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)], CDH1, EPCAM, FGFR1, FN1, KRT18, MET and MUC1 were associated with poor prognosis. Patients with CTCs positive for at least 3 epithelial genes at baseline all progressed within 10 months (HR 8.2, P<0.001, 95% CI: 3.2-21.1). BCL2, CD274 (PD-L1), EPCAM and MUC1 remained significant independent prognostic factors in multivariate, time-dependent analyses of progression and death. Conclusions The selective profile of CTC genes and identification of CTC clusters better correlated with prognosis than enumeration of enriched CTC in NSCLC patients in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan N. Cohen
- Department of Hematopathology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gitanjali Jayachandran
- Department of Hematopathology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Hematopathology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Phillip Peabody
- Department of Hematopathology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather B. McBride
- Department of Hematopathology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Franklin D. Alvarez
- Department of Hematopathology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pablo Lopez Bravo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luyang Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James M. Reuben
- Department of Hematopathology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Gurioli G, Conteduca V, Brighi N, Scarpi E, Basso U, Fornarini G, Mosca A, Nicodemo M, Banna GL, Lolli C, Schepisi G, Ravaglia G, Bondi I, Ulivi P, De Giorgi U. Circulating tumor cell gene expression and plasma AR gene copy number as biomarkers for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with cabazitaxel. BMC Med 2022; 20:48. [PMID: 35101049 PMCID: PMC8805338 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cabazitaxel improves overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients progressing after docetaxel. In this prospective study, we evaluated the prognostic role of CTC gene expression on cabazitaxel-treated patients and its association with plasma androgen receptor (AR) copy number (CN). METHODS Patients receiving cabazitaxel 20 or 25 mg/sqm for mCRPC were enrolled. Digital PCR was performed to assess plasma AR CN status. CTC enrichment was assessed using the AdnaTest EMT-2/StemCell kit. CTC expression analyses were performed for 17 genes. Data are expressed as hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. RESULTS Seventy-four patients were fully evaluable. CTC expression of AR-V7 (HR=2.52, 1.24-5.12, p=0.011), AKR1C3 (HR=2.01, 1.06-3.81, p=0.031), AR (HR=2.70, 1.46-5.01, p=0.002), EPCAM (HR=3.75, 2.10-6.71, p< 0.0001), PSMA (HR=2.09, 1.19-3.66, p=0.01), MDK (HR=3.35, 1.83-6.13, p< 0.0001), and HPRT1 (HR=2.46, 1.44-4.18, p=0.0009) was significantly associated with OS. ALDH1 (OR=5.50, 0.97-31.22, p=0.05), AR (OR=8.71, 2.32-32.25, p=0.001), EPCAM (OR=7.26, 1.47-35.73, p=0.015), PSMA (OR=3.86, 1.10-13.50, p=0.035), MDK (OR=6.84, 1.87-24.98, p=0.004), and HPRT1 (OR=7.41, 1.82-30.19, p=0.005) expression was associated with early PD. AR CN status was significantly correlated with AR-V7 (p=0.05), EPCAM (p=0.02), and MDK (p=0.002) expression. In multivariable model, EPCAM and HPRT1 CTC expression, plasma AR CN gain, ECOG PS=2, and liver metastases and PSA were independently associated with poorer OS. In patients treated with cabazitaxel 20 mg/sqm, median OS was shorter in AR-V7 positive than negative patients (6.6 versus 14 months, HR=3.46, 1.47-8.17], p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Baseline CTC biomarkers may be prognosticators for cabazitaxel-treated mCRPC patients. Cabazitaxel at lower (20 mg/sqm) dose was associated with poorer outcomes in AR-V7 positive patients compared to AR-V7 negative patients in a post hoc subgroup analysis. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03381326 . Retrospectively registered on 18 December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Gurioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicole Brighi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Umberto Basso
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fornarini
- Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mosca
- Multidisciplinary Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Nicodemo
- Medical Oncology, Ospedale Sacro Cuore don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Cristian Lolli
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ravaglia
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Isabella Bondi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
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Multigene Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) for Prognostic Assessment in Treatment-Naïve Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mHSPC). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010004. [PMID: 35008431 PMCID: PMC8744626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial biological heterogeneity of metastatic prostate cancer has hindered the development of personalized therapeutic approaches. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the course of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), with some men remaining on first-line androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for several years while others progress more rapidly. Improving our ability to risk-stratify patients would allow for the optimization of systemic therapies and support the development of stratified prospective clinical trials focused on patients likely to have the greatest potential benefit. Here, we applied a liquid biopsy approach to identify clinically relevant, blood-based prognostic biomarkers in patients with mHSPC. Gene expression indicating the presence of CTCs was greater in CHAARTED high-volume (HV) patients (52% CTChigh) than in low-volume (LV) patients (23% CTChigh; * p = 0.03). HV disease (p = 0.005, q = 0.033) and CTC presence at baseline prior to treatment initiation (p = 0.008, q = 0.033) were found to be independently associated with the risk of nonresponse at 7 months. The pooled gene expression from CTCs of pre-ADT samples found AR, DSG2, KLK3, MDK, and PCA3 as genes predictive of nonresponse. These observations support the utility of liquid biomarker approaches to identify patients with poor initial response. This approach could facilitate more precise treatment intensification in the highest risk patients.
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Albaradei S, Uludag M, Thafar MA, Gojobori T, Essack M, Gao X. Predicting Bone Metastasis Using Gene Expression-Based Machine Learning Models. Front Genet 2021; 12:771092. [PMID: 34858485 PMCID: PMC8631472 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.771092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the most common site of distant metastasis from malignant tumors, with the highest prevalence observed in breast and prostate cancers. Such bone metastases (BM) cause many painful skeletal-related events, such as severe bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia, with adverse effects on life quality. Many bone-targeting agents developed based on the current understanding of BM onset's molecular mechanisms dull these adverse effects. However, only a few studies investigated potential predictors of high risk for developing BM, despite such knowledge being critical for early interventions to prevent or delay BM. This work proposes a computational network-based pipeline that incorporates a ML/DL component to predict BM development. Based on the proposed pipeline we constructed several machine learning models. The deep neural network (DNN) model exhibited the highest prediction accuracy (AUC of 92.11%) using the top 34 featured genes ranked by betweenness centrality scores. We further used an entirely separate, "external" TCGA dataset to evaluate the robustness of this DNN model and achieved sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 80%, positive predictive value of 78.10%, negative predictive value of 80%, and AUC of 85.78%. The result shows the models' way of learning allowed it to zoom in on the featured genes that provide the added benefit of the model displaying generic capabilities, that is, to predict BM for samples from different primary sites. Furthermore, existing experimental evidence provides confidence that about 50% of the 34 hub genes have BM-related functionality, which suggests that these common genetic markers provide vital insight about BM drivers. These findings may prompt the transformation of such a method into an artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic tool and direct us towards mechanisms that underlie metastasis to bone events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayah Albaradei
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmut Uludag
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Thafar
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Maillet D, Allioli N, Péron J, Plesa A, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Tartas S, Sajous C, Ruffion A, Crouzet S, Freyer G, Vlaeminck-Guillem V. Her2 Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells Is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236014. [PMID: 34885125 PMCID: PMC8656805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2-dependent signaling may support the development of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) by activating androgen receptor signaling through ligand-independent mechanisms. From 41 mCRPC patients (including 31 treated with Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors [ARSI]), Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) were prospectively enriched with AdnaTest platform and analyzed with a multiplexed assay for HER2 and AR-V7 mRNA expression. Then, we evaluated the impact of HER2 expression on PSA-response, Progression Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS). HER2 expression was detected in CTCs of 26 patients (63%). Although PSA response was similar regardless of HER2 status, patients with HER2 positive CTCs had shorter PSA-PFS (median: 6.2 months versus 13.0 months, p = 0.034) and radiological-PFS (6.8 months versus 25.6 months, p = 0.022) than patients without HER2 expression. HER2 expression was also associated with a shorter OS (22.7 months versus not reached, p = 0.05). In patients treated with ARSI, multivariate analyses revealed that the prognostic impact of HER2 status on PSA-PFS was independent of AR-V7 expression and of the detection of CTCs by an AdnaTest. We showed for the first time the poor prognostic value of HER2 expression in CTCs from patients with mCRPC. The therapeutic interest of targeting this actionable pathway remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Maillet
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; (J.P.); (A.P.); (M.D.-P.); (S.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.)
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69373 Lyon, France;
- Centre d’Innovation en Cancérologie de Lyon (CICLY), UR3738, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69921 Oullins, France; (N.A.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-788-643-85
| | - Nathalie Allioli
- Centre d’Innovation en Cancérologie de Lyon (CICLY), UR3738, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69921 Oullins, France; (N.A.); (A.R.)
- Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Péron
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; (J.P.); (A.P.); (M.D.-P.); (S.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.)
- Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, CNRS UMR 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adriana Plesa
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; (J.P.); (A.P.); (M.D.-P.); (S.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.)
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; (J.P.); (A.P.); (M.D.-P.); (S.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.)
- Centre d’Innovation en Cancérologie de Lyon (CICLY), UR3738, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69921 Oullins, France; (N.A.); (A.R.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud-Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France
- Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sophie Tartas
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; (J.P.); (A.P.); (M.D.-P.); (S.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Christophe Sajous
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; (J.P.); (A.P.); (M.D.-P.); (S.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Alain Ruffion
- Centre d’Innovation en Cancérologie de Lyon (CICLY), UR3738, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69921 Oullins, France; (N.A.); (A.R.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud-Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France
- Service d’Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sébastien Crouzet
- Service d’Urologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France;
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Freyer
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; (J.P.); (A.P.); (M.D.-P.); (S.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon-Sud-Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Virginie Vlaeminck-Guillem
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69373 Lyon, France;
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Sud, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
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10
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Lieb V, Abdulrahman A, Weigelt K, Hauch S, Gombert M, Guzman J, Bellut L, Goebell PJ, Stöhr R, Hartmann A, Wullich B, Taubert H, Wach S. Cell-Free DNA Variant Sequencing Using Plasma and AR-V7 Testing of Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113223. [PMID: 34831445 PMCID: PMC8620951 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignant cancer and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among men worldwide. There is still an urgent need for biomarkers applicable for diagnosis, prognosis, therapy prediction, or therapy monitoring in PCa. Liquid biopsies, including cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), are a valuable source for studying such biomarkers and are minimally invasive. In our study, we investigated the cfDNA of 34 progressive PCa patients, via targeted sequencing, for sequence variants and for the occurrence of CTCs, with a focus on androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7)-positive CTCs. The cfDNA content was associated with overall survival (OS; p = 0.014), disease-specific survival (DSS; p = 0.004), and time to treatment change (TTC; p = 0.001). Moreover, when considering all sequence variants grouped by their functional impact and allele frequency, a significant association with TTC (p = 0.017) was observed. When investigating only pathogenic or likely pathogenic gene variants, variants of the BRCA1 gene (p = 0.029) and the AR ligand-binding domain (p = 0.050) were associated with a shorter TTC. Likewise, the presence of CTCs was associated with a shorter TTC (p = 0.031). The presence of AR-V7-positive CTCs was associated with TTC (p < 0.001) in Kaplan–Meier analysis. Interestingly, all patients with AR-V7-positive CTCs also carried TP53 point mutations. Altogether, analysis of cfDNA and CTCs can provide complementary information that may support temporal and targeted treatment decisions and may elucidate the optimal choice within the variety of therapy options for advanced PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Lieb
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Amer Abdulrahman
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Katrin Weigelt
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | | | | | - Juan Guzman
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Laura Bellut
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Peter J. Goebell
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Robert Stöhr
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Helge Taubert
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-93138523373
| | - Sven Wach
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
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11
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Theil G, Lindner C, Bialek J, Fornara P. Association of Circulating Tumor Cells with Inflammatory and Biomarkers in the Blood of Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:664. [PMID: 34357036 PMCID: PMC8307979 DOI: 10.3390/life11070664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of specific biomarkers that recognize the functional drivers of heterogeneity in prostate cancer (PCa) and personalized treatment remain challenging in systemic medicine. Liquid biopsy allows for the detection and analysis of personalized predictive biomarkers in single blood samples and specifies the current stage of cancer. The aim of our preliminary study was to investigate the association between an elevated circulating tumor cell (CTC) count and the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-8) and biomarkers (DKK-1, PSA, sHER2, and CD44) in patients with metastasized castration-resistant PCa (mCPRC) under chemotherapy and those with localized PCa. Such an association could be used as a component of cancer progression monitoring. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of two CTC isolation platforms. Twenty-eight patients (12 mCRPC and 16 localized PCa patients) were enrolled. Over the study period, the CTC detection rates were 84% with CellCollector® and 73.5% with CellSearch® System in mCPRC patients. The CTC counts determined by the CellSearch® System (CTC_CS) were correlated significantly with the DKK-1, sHER-2, and PSA concentrations in mCRPC patients. The CTC counts captured by CellCollector® demonstrated no significant association with the concentrations of the tested blood-based biomarkers. The CTC_CS count (AUC = 0.9 (95% CI: 0.72-1.0)) and the PSA level (AUC = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.83-1.0)) presented approximately the same sensitivity and specificity for the overall survival of mCRPC patients. For better personalized characterization, further research on CTC phenotyping and their interactions with tumor-associated blood-released factors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerit Theil
- Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Urology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (C.L.); (J.B.); (P.F.)
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12
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McKay RR, Kwak L, Crowdis JP, Sperger JM, Zhao SG, Xie W, Werner L, Lis RT, Zhang Z, Wei XX, Lang JM, Van Allen EM, Bhatt RS, Yu EY, Nelson PS, Bubley GJ, Montgomery RB, Taplin ME. Phase II Multicenter Study of Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer to Identify Mechanisms Driving Resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3610-3619. [PMID: 33849963 PMCID: PMC8254786 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that has improved overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, nearly all patients develop resistance. We designed a phase II multicenter study of enzalutamide in metastatic CRPC incorporating tissue and blood biomarkers to dissect mechanisms driving resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients with metastatic CRPC underwent a baseline metastasis biopsy and then initiated enzalutamide 160 mg daily. A repeat metastasis biopsy was obtained at radiographic progression from the same site when possible. Blood for circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis was collected at baseline and progression. The primary objective was to analyze mechanisms of resistance in serial biopsies. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on tissue biopsies. CTC samples underwent RNA sequencing. RESULTS A total of 65 patients initiated treatment, of whom 22 (33.8%) had received prior abiraterone. Baseline biopsies were enriched for alterations in AR (mutations, amplifications) and tumor suppression genes (PTEN, RB1, and TP53), which were observed in 73.1% and 92.3% of baseline biopsies, respectively. Progression biopsies revealed increased AR amplifications (64.7% at progression vs. 53.9% at baseline) and BRCA2 alterations (64.7% at progression vs. 38.5% at baseline). Genomic analysis of baseline and progression CTC samples demonstrated increased AR splice variants, AR-regulated genes, and neuroendocrine markers at progression. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that a large proportion of enzalutamide-treated patients have baseline and progression alterations in the AR pathway and tumor suppressor genes. We demonstrate an increased number of BRCA2 alterations post-enzalutamide, highlighting the importance of serial tumor sampling in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana R McKay
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucia Kwak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jamie M Sperger
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wanling Xie
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rosina T Lis
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Xiao X Wei
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua M Lang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Rupal S Bhatt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evan Y Yu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter S Nelson
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Glenn J Bubley
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Bruce Montgomery
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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13
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Pereira-Veiga T, González-Conde M, León-Mateos L, Piñeiro-Cid R, Abuín C, Muinelo-Romay L, Martínez-Fernández M, Brea Iglesias J, García González J, Anido U, Aguín-Losada S, Cebey V, Costa C, López-López R. Longitudinal CTCs gene expression analysis on metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel reveals new potential prognosis markers. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:239-251. [PMID: 33635497 PMCID: PMC7987626 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CTCs have extensively been used for the monitoring and characterization of metastatic prostate cancer, but their application in the clinic is still very scarce. Besides, the resistance mechanisms linked to prostate cancer treatment remain unclear. Liquid biopsies represent the most promising alternative due to the complexity of biopsying bone metastasis and the duration of the disease. We performed a prospective longitudinal study in CTCs from 20 castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel. For that, we used CellSearch® technology and a custom gene expression panel with qRT-PCR using a CTCs negative enrichment approach. We found that CTCs showed a hybrid phenotype during the disease, where epithelial features were associated with the presence of ≥ 5 CTCs/7.5 mL of blood, while high relative expression of the gene MYCL was observed preferentially in the set of samples with < 5 CTCs/7.5 mL of blood. At baseline, patients whose CTCs had stem or hybrid features showed a later progression. After 1 cycle of docetaxel, high relative expression of ZEB1 indicated worse outcome, while KRT19 and KLK3 high expression could predisposed the patients to a worse prognosis at clinical progression. In the present work we describe biomarkers with clinical relevance for the prediction of early response or resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Besides, we question the utility of targeted isolated CTCs and the use of a limited number of markers to define the CTCs population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Pereira-Veiga
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam González-Conde
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis León-Mateos
- Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto Piñeiro-Cid
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Abuín
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Fernández
- Genomes and Disease Lab. CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Avda. Barcelona 31, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jenifer Brea Iglesias
- Genomes and Disease Lab. CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Avda. Barcelona 31, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge García González
- Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Urbano Anido
- Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Santiago Aguín-Losada
- Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Víctor Cebey
- Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clotilde Costa
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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14
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Peixoto A, Cotton S, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. The Tumour Microenvironment and Circulating Tumour Cells: A Partnership Driving Metastasis and Glycan-Based Opportunities for Cancer Control. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:1-33. [PMID: 34664231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTC) are rare cells that actively detach or are shed from primary tumours into the lymph and blood. Some CTC subpopulations gain the capacity to survive, home and colonize distant locations, forming metastasis. This results from a multifactorial process in which cancer cells optimize motility, invasion, immune escape and cooperative relationships with microenvironmental cues. Here we present evidences of a self-fuelling molecular crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour stroma supporting the main milestones leading to metastasis. We discuss how the tumour microenvironment supports pre-metastatic niches and CTC development and ultimately dictates CTC fate in targeted organs. Finally, we highlight the key role played by protein glycosylation in metastasis development, its prompt response to microenvironmental stimuli and the tremendous potential of glycan-based molecular signatures for liquid biopsies and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3s), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), Porto, Portugal. .,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Cotton
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3s), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
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15
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Iuliani M, Simonetti S, Ribelli G, Napolitano A, Pantano F, Vincenzi B, Tonini G, Santini D. Current and Emerging Biomarkers Predicting Bone Metastasis Development. Front Oncol 2020; 10:789. [PMID: 32582538 PMCID: PMC7283490 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the preferential sites of distant metastases from malignant tumors, with the highest prevalence observed in breast and prostate cancers. Patients with bone metastases (BMs) may experience skeletal-related events, such as severe bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia, with negative effects on the quality of life. In the last decades, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the BM onset has been gained, leading to the development of bone-targeting agents. So far, most of the research has been focused on the pathophysiology and treatment of BM, with only relatively few studies investigating potential predictors of risk for BM development. The ability to select such "high-risk" patients could allow early identification of those most likely to benefit from interventions to prevent or delay BM. This review summarizes several evidences for the potential use of specific biomarkers able to predict early the BM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Iuliani
- Medical Oncology, Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Medical Oncology, Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ribelli
- Medical Oncology, Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Bruno Vincenzi
- Medical Oncology, Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Medical Oncology, Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology, Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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16
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Gene Expression Alterations during Development of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Are Detected in Circulating Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010039. [PMID: 31877738 PMCID: PMC7016678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with alterations in gene expression involved in steroidogenesis and androgen signaling. This study investigates whether gene expression changes related to CRPC development can be identified in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Gene expression in paired CTC samples from 29 patients, before androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and at CRPC relapse, was compared using a panel including 47 genes related to prostate cancer progression on a qPCR platform. Fourteen genes displayed significantly changed gene expression in CTCs at CRPC relapse compared to before start of ADT. The genes with increased expression at CRPC relapse were related to steroidogenesis, AR-signaling, and anti-apoptosis. In contrast, expression of prostate markers was downregulated at CRPC. We also show that midkine (MDK) expression in CTCs from metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) was associated to short cancer-specific survival (CSS). In conclusion, this study shows that gene expression patterns in CTCs reflect the development of CRPC, and that MDK expression levels in CTCs are prognostic for cancer-specific survival in mHSPC. This study emphasizes the role of CTCs in exploring mechanisms of therapy resistance, as well as a promising biomarker for prognostic and treatment-predictive purposes in advanced mHSPC.
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Gerdtsson AS, Thiele JA, Shishido SN, Zheng S, Schaffer R, Bethel K, Curley S, Lenz HJ, Hanna DL, Nieva J, Kolatkar A, Ruiz C, Rodriguez-Lee M, Oakley III GJ, Lee JS, Hicks J, Kuhn P. Single cell correlation analysis of liquid and solid biopsies in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:7016-7030. [PMID: 31903162 PMCID: PMC6925029 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As cancer care is transitioning to personalized therapies with necessary complementary or companion biomarkers there is significant interest in determining to what extent non-invasive liquid biopsies reflect the gold standard solid biopsy. We have established an approach for measuring patient-specific circulating and solid cell concordance by introducing tumor touch preparations to the High-Definition Single Cell Analysis workflow for high-resolution cytomorphometric characterization of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Subgroups of cells based on size, shape and protein expression were identified in both liquid and solid biopsies, which overall displayed high inter- and intra- patient pleomorphism at the single-cell level of analysis. Concordance of liquid and solid biopsies was patient-dependent and between 0.1-0.9. Morphometric variables displayed particularly high correlation, suggesting that circulating cells do not represent distinct subpopulations from the solid tumor. This was further substantiated by significant decrease in concentration of circulating cells after mCRC resection. Combined with the association of circulating cells with tumor burden and necrosis of hepatic lesions, our overall findings demonstrate that liquid biopsy cells can be informative biomarkers in the mCRC setting. Patient-specific level of concordance can readily be measured to establish the utility of circulating cells as biomarkers and define biosignatures for liquid biopsy assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Gerdtsson
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jana-Aletta Thiele
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Stephanie N. Shishido
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Serena Zheng
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kelly Bethel
- Scripps MDAnderson Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven Curley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana L. Hanna
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Nieva
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anand Kolatkar
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carmen Ruiz
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariam Rodriguez-Lee
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gerard J. Oakley III
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jerry S.H. Lee
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Hicks
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kuhn
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Nanduri LK, Hissa B, Weitz J, Schölch S, Bork U. The prognostic role of circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:1077-1088. [PMID: 31778322 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1699065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-associated death in colorectal cancer (CRC). The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the blood is associated with an increased risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. The clinical significance of CTCs as a novel biomarker has been extensively studied in the last decade. It has been shown that CTC detection applies to early cancer detection. The presence of CTCs is associated with metastatic spread and poor survival and is also useful as a marker for therapy response.Areas covered: We summarize the role of CTC in CRC, their clinical significance, current methods for CTC detection and challenges as well as future perspectives of CTC research.Expert commentary: The clinical significance of CTC in CRC patients is well established. Although insightful, the available marker-based approaches hampered our understanding of the CTCs and their biology, as such approaches do not take into account the heterogeneity of these cell populations. New technologies should expand the marker-based detection to multi biomarker-based approaches together with recent technological advances in microfluidics for single cell enrichment and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahiri Kanth Nanduri
- Department of Gastrointestinal-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Hissa
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Gastrointestinal-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Gastrointestinal-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bork
- Department of Gastrointestinal-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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19
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Josefsson A, Damber JE, Welén K. AR-V7 expression in circulating tumor cells as a potential prognostic marker in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Acta Oncol 2019; 58:1660-1664. [PMID: 31286815 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1637540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Josefsson
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology & Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Welén
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Analysis of regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (RGS2) expression and function during prostate cancer progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17259. [PMID: 30467386 PMCID: PMC6250724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) represents the second highest cancer-related mortality among men and the call for biomarkers for early discrimination between aggressive and indolent forms is essential. Downregulation of Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) has been shown in PC, however the underlying mechanism has not been described. Aberrant RGS2 expression has also been reported for other carcinomas in association to both positive and negative prognosis. In this study, we assessed RGS2 expression during PC progression in terms of regulation and impact on tumour phenotype and evaluated its prognostic value. Our experimental data suggest that the RGS2 downregulation seen in early PC is caused by hypoxia. In line with the common indolent phenotype of a primary PC, knockdown of RGS2 induced epithelial features and impaired metastatic properties. However, increased STAT3, TWIST1 and decreased E-cadherin expression suggest priming for EMT. Additionally, improved tumour cell survival and increased BCL-2 expression linked decreased RGS2 levels to fundamental tumour advantages. In contrast, high RGS2 levels in advanced PC were correlated to poor patient survival and a positive metastatic status. This study describes novel roles for RGS2 during PC progression and suggests a prognostic potential discriminating between indolent and metastatic forms of PC.
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