1
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Motlak M, Mathews M, Al-Odat OS, Pandey MK. Is it possible to treat melanoma by intercepting the CXCR4/CXCL12 pathway? Cytokine 2024; 179:156629. [PMID: 38704961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is a particularly aggressive type of skin cancer that can spread to distant organs, resulting in poor patient outcomes. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) interacts to the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). This connection between CXCR4 and its companion ligand CXCL12 is important in melanoma metastasis and progression, encouraging cell proliferation, invasion, and survival via downstream signaling pathways. Furthermore, CXCR4 is implicated in the interaction between melanoma cells and the tumor microenvironment, which promotes malignant cell migration and immune evasion. Given the importance of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in melanoma, addressing this axis has the potential to prevent metastasis and improve patient outcomes. We present an overview of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in cancer progression and explain its role in the melanoma microenvironment in this paper. Furthermore, we investigate CXCR4's predictive usefulness as a possible biomarker for monitoring melanoma progression. Finally, we discuss the most recent research and clinical trials on CXCR4 inhibitors, emphasizing their efficacy and limits. We hope to improve the quality of life for melanoma patients by better understanding the role of CXCR4 and investigating novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Motlak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Meghna Mathews
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Omar S Al-Odat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
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2
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Singh RK, Kumar S, Kumar S, Shukla A, Kumar N, Patel AK, Yadav LK, Kaushalendra, Antiwal M, Acharya A. Potential implications of protein kinase Cα in pathophysiological conditions and therapeutic interventions. Life Sci 2023; 330:121999. [PMID: 37536614 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
PKCα is a molecule with many functions that play an important role in cell survival and death to maintain cellular homeostasis. Alteration in the normal functioning of PKCα is responsible for the complicated etiology of many pathologies, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, kidney complications, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetics, and many others. Several studies have been carried out over the years on this kinase's function, and regulation in normal physiology and pathological conditions. A lot of data with antithetical results have therefore accumulated over time to create a complex framework of physiological implications connected to the PKCα function that needs comprehensive elucidation. In light of this information, we critically analyze the multiple roles played by PKCα in basic cellular processes and their molecular mechanism during various pathological conditions. This review further discusses the current approaches to manipulating PKCα signaling amplitude in the patient's favour and proposed PKCα as a therapeutic target to reverse pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Kant Singh
- Lab of Hematopoiesis and Leukemia, KSBS, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; Cancer Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Cancer Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Cancer Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Alok Shukla
- Cancer Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Cancer Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anand Kumar Patel
- Cancer Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Yadav
- Cancer Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Kaushalendra
- Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College Campus, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796001, India
| | - Meera Antiwal
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Cancer Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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3
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Chao C, Lee W, Wang S, Chen P, Yamamoto A, Chang T, Weng S, Liu J. CXC chemokine ligand-13 promotes metastasis via CXCR5-dependent signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9128-9140. [PMID: 34427969 PMCID: PMC8500967 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CXC chemokine ligand-13 (CXCL13) is a chemoattractant of B cells and has been implicated in the progression of many cancers. So far, CXCL13 and its related receptor CXCR5 have been proved to regulate cancer cell migration as well as tumour metastasis. However, the role of CXCL13-CXCR5 axis in metastasis of lung cancer is still poorly understood. In this study, we found that CXCL13 and CXCR5 were commonly up-regulated in lung cancer specimens compared with normal tissues among different cohorts. Our evidence showed that CXCL13 obviously promoted migration of lung cancer cells, and this effect was mediated by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. We also confirmed that CXCR5, the major receptor responsible for CXCL13 function, was required for CXCL13-promoted cell migration. We also test the candidate components which are activated after CXCL13 treatment and found that phospholipase C-β (PLCβ), protein kinase C-α (PKCα) and c-Src signalling pathways were involved in CXCL13-promoted cell migration and VCAM-1 expression in lung cancer cells. Finally, CXCL13 stimulated NF-κB transcription factor in lung cancer cells, contributing to VCAM-1 expression in translational level. These evidences propose a novel insight into lung cancer metastasis which is regulated by CXCL13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Chia Chao
- Department of Respiratory TherapyFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Fang Lee
- School of Dental TechnologyCollege of Oral MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Wei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesMacKay Medical CollegeNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Department of MedicineMacKay Medical CollegeNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural ProductsCollege of PharmacyKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Po‐Chun Chen
- Translational Medicine CenterShin‐Kong Wu Ho‐Su Memorial HospitalTaipei CityTaiwan
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Medical and Health ScienceAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ayaho Yamamoto
- Child Health Research CentreThe University of QueenslandSouth BrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Tsung‐Ming Chang
- Institute of PhysiologySchool of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Shun‐Long Weng
- Department of MedicineMacKay Medical CollegeNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHsinchu MacKay Memorial HospitalHsinchu CityTaiwan
| | - Ju‐Fang Liu
- Translational Medicine CenterShin‐Kong Wu Ho‐Su Memorial HospitalTaipei CityTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- School of Oral HygieneCollege of Oral MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
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4
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Build-UPS and break-downs: metabolism impacts on proteostasis and aging. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:505-521. [PMID: 33398091 PMCID: PMC7862225 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of metabolism elicits cellular stress which profoundly modulates the cellular proteome and thus protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Consequently, changes in the cellular proteome due to metabolic shift require adaptive mechanisms by molecular protein quality control. The mechanisms vitally controlling proteostasis embrace the entire life cycle of a protein involving translational control at the ribosome, chaperone-assisted native folding, and subcellular sorting as well as proteolysis by the proteasome or autophagy. While metabolic imbalance and proteostasis decline have been recognized as hallmarks of aging and age-associated diseases, both processes are largely considered independently. Here, we delineate how proteome stability is governed by insulin/IGF1 signaling (IIS), mechanistic target of Rapamycin (TOR), 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and NAD-dependent deacetylases (Sir2-like proteins known as sirtuins). This comprehensive overview is emphasizing the regulatory interconnection between central metabolic pathways and proteostasis, indicating the relevance of shared signaling nodes as targets for future therapeutic interventions. ![]()
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5
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Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Cappellini A, Paganelli F, Fini M, Santi S, Martelli AM, Neri LM, Evangelisti C. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5413-5428. [PMID: 31904116 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological disorder that results from the clonal transformation of T-cell precursors. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways play a crucial role in T-cell development and in self-renewal of healthy and leukemic stem cells. Notably, β-catenin is a transcriptional regulator of several genes involved in cancer cell proliferation and survival. In this way, aberrations of components belonging to the aforementioned networks contribute to T-ALL pathogenesis. For this reason, inhibition of both pathways could represent an innovative strategy in this hematological malignancy. Here, we show that combined targeting of Wnt/β-catenin pathway through ICG-001, a CBP/β-catenin transcription inhibitor, and of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis through ZSTK-474, a PI3K inhibitor, downregulated proliferation, survival, and clonogenic activity of T-ALL cells. ICG-001 and ZSTK-474 displayed cytotoxic effects, and, when combined together, induced a significant increase in apoptotic cells. This induction of apoptosis was associated with the downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. All these findings were confirmed under hypoxic conditions that mimic the bone marrow niche where leukemic stem cells are believed to reside. Taken together, our findings highlight potentially promising treatment consisting of cotargeting Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in T-ALL settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Paganelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA-Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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6
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Liu Y, Deng X, Wu D, Jin M, Yu B. PKCδ promotes fertilization of mouse embryos in early development via the Cdc25B signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3281-3290. [PMID: 31602201 PMCID: PMC6777331 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C type δ (PKCδ) is involved in B-cell signaling and the regulation of growth, apoptosis and differentiation of a variety of cell types. Cell division cycle 25 (Cdc25) is a key mediator of cell cycle progression that activates cyclin-dependent kinase complexes that drive the cell cycle and participates in the regulation of DNA damage checkpoints. Cdc25B is a member of the Cdc25 family of phosphatases. The present study investigated the role and mechanism of PKCδ in regulating the fertilization of mouse embryos in early development. The expression and subcellular localization of PKCδ and Cdc25B were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence in one-cell stage mouse embryos. Specific small interfering RNAs targeting PKCδ were used to knockdown the expression of PKCδ. Subsequently, Scansite software was used to predict the target of phosphorylated Cdc25B. Western blotting was used to measure the effects of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in one-cell stage mouse embryos at different cell cycle phases. PKCδ was expressed during M phase and served a positive role in one-cell stage mouse embryos. Immunofluorescence data revealed that PKCδ and Cdc25B were expressed during G1, S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, phosphorylated levels of Cdc25B-Ser96 were observed during G2 and M phases. Microinjection with mimics of phosphorylated Cdc25B-Ser96 mRNA promoted the development of one-cell stage mouse embryos. When PKCδ was suppressed, microinjection with mimics of phosphorylated Cdc25B-Ser96 mRNA reversed the inhibition of PKCδ. To conclude, PKCδ serves a positive role in the first cell cycle of mouse embryos by phosphorylating Cdc25B-Ser96, and provides novel insights for the regulation of early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Liu
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China.,Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110044, P.R. China
| | - Xin Deng
- Experimental Center of The Functional Subjects China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Didi Wu
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Minglin Jin
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Bingzhi Yu
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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7
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de Miranda MC, Rodrigues MA, de Angelis Campos AC, Faria JAQA, Kunrath-Lima M, Mignery GA, Schechtman D, Goes AM, Nathanson MH, Gomes DA. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) triggers nuclear calcium signaling through the intranuclear phospholipase Cδ-4 (PLCδ4). J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16650-16662. [PMID: 31537645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling within the cell nucleus regulates specific cellular events such as gene transcription and cell proliferation. Nuclear and cytosolic Ca2+ levels can be independently regulated, and nuclear translocation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is one way to locally activate signaling cascades within the nucleus. Nuclear RTKs, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are important for processes such as transcriptional regulation, DNA-damage repair, and cancer therapy resistance. RTKs can hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) within the nucleus, leading to Ca2+ release from the nucleoplasmic reticulum by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. PI(4,5)P2 hydrolysis is mediated by phospholipase C (PLC). However, it is unknown which nuclear PLC isoform is triggered by EGFR. Here, using subcellular fractionation, immunoblotting and fluorescence, siRNA-based gene knockdowns, and FRET-based biosensor reporter assays, we investigated the role of PLCδ4 in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced nuclear Ca2+ signaling and downstream events. We found that EGF-induced Ca2+ signals are inhibited when translocation of EGFR is impaired. Nuclear Ca2+ signals also were reduced by selectively buffering inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) within the nucleus. EGF induced hydrolysis of nuclear PI(4,5)P2 by the intranuclear PLCδ4, rather than by PLCγ1. Moreover, protein kinase C, a downstream target of EGF, was active in the nucleus of stimulated cells. Furthermore, PLCδ4 and InsP3 modulated cell cycle progression by regulating the expression of cyclins A and B1. These results provide evidence that EGF-induced nuclear signaling is mediated by nuclear PLCδ4 and suggest new therapeutic targets to modulate the proliferative effects of this growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Coutinho de Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8056
| | - Michele Angela Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8056
| | - Ana Carolina de Angelis Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8056
| | | | - Marianna Kunrath-Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gregory A Mignery
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153
| | - Deborah Schechtman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo-SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Miranda Goes
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Michael H Nathanson
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8056
| | - Dawidson A Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil .,Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8056
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8
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Nuclear Phosphoinositides: Their Regulation and Roles in Nuclear Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122991. [PMID: 31248120 PMCID: PMC6627530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIns) are a family of seven lipid messengers that regulate a vast array of signalling pathways to control cell proliferation, migration, survival and differentiation. PPIns are differentially present in various sub-cellular compartments and, through the recruitment and regulation of specific proteins, are key regulators of compartment identity and function. Phosphoinositides and the enzymes that synthesise and degrade them are also present in the nuclear membrane and in nuclear membraneless compartments such as nuclear speckles. Here we discuss how PPIns in the nucleus are modulated in response to external cues and how they function to control downstream signalling. Finally we suggest a role for nuclear PPIns in liquid phase separations that are involved in the formation of membraneless compartments within the nucleus.
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9
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Poli A, Ratti S, Finelli C, Mongiorgi S, Clissa C, Lonetti A, Cappellini A, Catozzi A, Barraco M, Suh PG, Manzoli L, McCubrey JA, Cocco L, Follo MY. Nuclear translocation of PKC-α is associated with cell cycle arrest and erythroid differentiation in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). FASEB J 2018; 32:681-692. [PMID: 28970249 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700690r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PI-PLCβ1 is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) pathogenesis. Moreover, the increased activity of PI-PLCβ1 reduces the expression of PKC-α, which, in turn, delays the cell proliferation and is linked to erythropoiesis. Lenalidomide is currently used in low-risk patients with MDS and del(5q), where it can suppress the del(5q) clone and restore normal erythropoiesis. In this study, we analyzed the effect of lenalidomide on 16 patients with low-risk del(5q) MDS, as well as del(5q) and non-del(5q) hematopoietic cell lines, mainly focusing on erythropoiesis, cell cycle, and PI-PLCβ1/PKC-α signaling. Overall, 11 patients were evaluated clinically, and 10 (90%) had favorable responses; the remaining case had a stable disease. At a molecular level, both responder patients and del(5q) cells showed a specific induction of erythropoiesis, with a reduced γ/β-globin ratio, an increase in glycophorin A, and a nuclear translocation of PKC-α. Moreover, lenalidomide could induce a selective G0/G1 arrest of the cell cycle in del(5q) cells, slowing down the rate proliferation in those cells. Altogether, our results could not only better explain the role of PI-PLCβ1/PKC-α signaling in erythropoiesis but also lead to a better comprehension of the lenalidomide effect on del(5q) MDS and pave the way to innovative, targeted therapies.-Poli, A., Ratti, S., Finelli, C., Mongiorgi, S., Clissa, C., Lonetti, A., Cappellini, A., Catozzi, A., Barraco, M., Suh, P.-G., Manzoli, L., McCubrey, J. A., Cocco, L., Follo, M. Y. Nuclear translocation of PKC-α is associated with cell cycle arrest and erythroid differentiation in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- L. and E. Seràgnoli Institute of Hematology, Lalla Seràgnoli, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Clissa
- L. and E. Seràgnoli Institute of Hematology, Lalla Seràgnoli, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, San Salvatore Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Lalla Seràgnoli Department of Pediatrics, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Department of Human Social Sciences and Health, University of Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - Alessia Catozzi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilena Barraco
- L. and E. Seràgnoli Institute of Hematology, Lalla Seràgnoli, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Ratti S, Ramazzotti G, Faenza I, Fiume R, Mongiorgi S, Billi AM, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Follo MY. Nuclear inositide signaling and cell cycle. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 67:1-6. [PMID: 29102395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositols (PIs) are responsible for several signaling pathways related to many cellular functions, such as cell cycle regulation at different check-points, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, membrane trafficking and gene expression. PI metabolism is not only present at the cytoplasmic level, but also at the nuclear one, where different signaling pathways affect essential nuclear mechanisms in eukaryotic cells. In this review we focus on nuclear inositide signaling in relation to cell cycle regulation. Many evidences underline the pivotal role of nuclear inositide signaling in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation associated to different strategic physiopathological mechanisms in several cell systems and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, MS#629, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Zhao X, Wang J, Xiao L, Xu Q, Zhao E, Zheng X, Zheng H, Zhao S, Ding S. Effects of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin on the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCT-116 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2177-2185. [PMID: 28789442 PMCID: PMC5530076 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of HSP90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) on apoptosis and the cell cycle of the HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cell line, with the aim of elucidating their underlying mechanisms. MTT was used to examine the inhibitory effects of 17-AAG on the proliferation of HCT-116 cells at various time points and doses. The cells were stained with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide and evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, cyclin D1, cytochrome c (cyt-c), caspase 9 and caspase 3 at the mRNA and protein level was determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Treatment with 17-AAG at a concentration of 1.25-20 mg/l for 24 and 48 h significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT-116 cells in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with 17-AAG at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/l for 48 h significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCT-116 cells. Exposure to 17-AAG at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/l for 48 h significantly downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of STAT3 and cyclin D1, but upregulated cyt-c, caspase 9 and caspase 3 in a concentration-dependent manner in HCT-116 cells. Therefore 17-AAG is able to inhibit cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and G1 stage cell cycle arrest by downregulating the expression of cyclin D1, and promoting the mitochondria apoptosis by downregulating STAT3 in HCT-116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Immunology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Fundamental Research, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Enhong Zhao
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zheng
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Huachuan Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Shi Ding
- Pharmocology Department, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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12
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Ratti S, Mongiorgi S, Ramazzotti G, Follo MY, Mariani GA, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Cocco L, Manzoli L. Nuclear Inositide Signaling Via Phospholipase C. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1969-1978. [PMID: 28106288 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The existence of an independent nuclear inositide pathway distinct from the cytoplasmic one has been demonstrated in different physiological systems and in diseases. In this prospect we analyze the role of PI-PLCβ1 nuclear isoform in relation to the cell cycle regulation, the cell differentiation, and different physiopathological pathways focusing on the importance of the nuclear localization from both molecular and clinical point of view. PI-PLCβ1 is essential for G1/S transition through DAG and Cyclin D3 and plays also a central role in G2/M progression through Cyclin B1 and PKCα. In the differentiation process of C2C12 cells PI-PLCβ1 increases in both myogenic differentiation and osteogenic differentiation. PI-PLCβ1 and Cyclin D3 reduction has been observed in Myotonic Dystrophy (DM) suggesting a pivotal role of these enzymes in DM physiopathology. PI-PLCβ1 is also involved in adipogenesis through a double phase mechanism. Moreover, PI-PLCβ1 plays a key role in the normal hematopoietic differentiation where it seems to decrease in erythroid differentiation and increase in myeloid differentiation. In Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) PI-PLCβ1 has a genetic and epigenetic relevance and it is related to MDS patients' risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) evolution. In MDS patients PI-PLCβ1 seems to be also a therapeutic predictive outcome marker. In the central nervous system, PI-PLCβ1 seems to be involved in different pathways in both brain cortex development and synaptic plasticity related to different diseases. Another PI-PLC isozyme that could be related to nuclear activities is PI-PLCζ that is involved in infertility processes. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1969-1978, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia A Mariani
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville 27834, North Carolina
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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13
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Poli A, Fiume R, Baldanzi G, Capello D, Ratti S, Gesi M, Manzoli L, Graziani A, Suh PG, Cocco L, Follo MY. Nuclear Localization of Diacylglycerol Kinase Alpha in K562 Cells Is Involved in Cell Cycle Progression. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2550-2557. [PMID: 27731506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling is an essential regulator of cell motility and proliferation. A portion of PI metabolism and signaling takes place in the nuclear compartment of eukaryotic cells, where an array of kinases and phosphatases localize and modulate PI. Among these, Diacylglycerol Kinases (DGKs) are a class of phosphotransferases that phosphorylate diacylglycerol and induce the synthesis of phosphatidic acid. Nuclear DGKalpha modulates cell cycle progression, and its activity or expression can lead to changes in the phosphorylated status of the Retinoblastoma protein, thus, impairing G1/S transition and, subsequently, inducing cell cycle arrest, which is often uncoupled with apoptosis or autophagy induction. Here we report for the first time not only that the DGKalpha isoform is highly expressed in the nuclei of human erythroleukemia cell line K562, but also that its nuclear activity drives K562 cells through the G1/S transition during cell cycle progression. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2550-2557, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", Milano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Capello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Gesi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Expression and Clinical Role of Cdc5L as a Novel Cell Cycle Protein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:795-805. [PMID: 26553251 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell division cycle 5-like (Cdc5L), as a pre-mRNA splicing factor, is a regulator of mitotic progression. Previous study found that deletion of endogenous Cdc5L decreases the cell viability via dramatic mitotic arrest, while the role of Cdc5L in cancer biology remains under debate. AIMS To investigate the involvement of Cdc5L in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS In this study, the expression of Cdc5L was evaluated by Western blot in 8 paired fresh HCC tissues and immunohistochemistry on 116 paraffin-embedded slices. We treated HCC cells by nocodazole to analyze the role of Cdc5L in mitotic progress. To determine whether Cdc5L could regulate the proliferation of HCC cells, we increased endogenous Cdc5L and analyzed the proliferation of HCC cells using Western blot, CCK8, flow cytometry assays, and colony formation analyses. Furthermore, Cdc5L-siRNA oligos were used to confirm that Cdc5L plays an essential role in HCC development. RESULTS Cdc5L was highly expressed in HCC and significantly associated with multiple clinicopathological factors, including AJCC stage, tumor size, and Ki-67. Besides, univariate and multivariate survival analyses demonstrated that high Cdc5L expression was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients' poor survival. Overexpression of Cdc5L favors cell cycle progress of HCC cells, while downregulation of Cdc5L results in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and reduced cell proliferation of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that Cdc5L could play an important role in the tumorigenesis of HCC and thus be a potential therapeutical target to prevent HCC progression.
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15
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Poli A, Billi AM, Mongiorgi S, Ratti S, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Cocco L, Ramazzotti G. Nuclear Phosphatidylinositol Signaling: Focus on Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Kinases and Phospholipases C. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1645-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville North Carolina
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology; Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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16
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Chen L, Zhang C, Gui Q, Chen Y, Yang Y. Ultra‑performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‑of‑flight mass spectrometry‑based metabolic profiling of human serum prior to and following radical resection of colorectal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6879-86. [PMID: 26352758 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly one quarter of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Under these circumstances, radical resection of the tumor is the best strategy to enhance the five-year survival rate. However, up to 50% of post-operative patients experience cancer recurrence within the first few years. Therefore, post‑operative surveillance is important. However, currently performed post‑operative monitoring relies on relatively dated methods with insufficient sensitivity and specificity. The present study applied an advanced technology of ultra‑performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‑of‑flight mass spectrometry in order to examine changes in metabolite patterns in serum with the aim of identifying reliable biomarkers in patients with CRC at various time-points. Serum samples were collected from and 20 CRC patients prior to radical resection (group 1) and one month following radical resection (group 2) as well as from 20 healthy volunteers (group 3). Multivariate pattern recognition was used to identify potential biomarkers of CRC. Compared with healthy volunteers, three groups of biomarkers were identified in patients with CRC (P<0.05), namely phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs). However, no statistical difference in the levels of these biomarkers between pre‑operative and post‑operative CRC patients was identified (P>0.05). PCs and LPCs, which contain polyunsaturated fatty acids, were decreased, whereas LPCs and DAGs, which contain saturated fatty acids, were increased in CRC patients. The present study demonstrated that obvious metabolic disturbances occur during the development of CRC and provided a novel analytic method, which is likely to be used as a diagnostic tool for CRC and may help to improve the patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qifeng Gui
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yunmei Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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17
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Pytel D, Majsterek I, Diehl JA. Tumor progression and the different faces of the PERK kinase. Oncogene 2015; 35:1207-15. [PMID: 26028033 PMCID: PMC4666839 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase, protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), is a pro-adaptive protein kinase whose activity is regulated indirectly by protein misfolding within the ER. As the oxidative folding environment in the ER is sensitive to a variety of cellular stresses, many of which occur during neoplastic transformation and in the tumor microenvironment, there has been considerable interest in defining whether PERK positively contributes to tumor progression and whether it represents a significant therapeutic target. Herein, we review the current knowledge of PERK-dependent signaling pathways, the contribution of downstream substrates including recently characterized new PERK substrates transcription factors Forkhead box O protein and diacyglycerol a lipid signaling second messenger, and efforts to develop small molecule PERK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pytel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - I Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Hallera 1, Lodz, Poland
| | - J A Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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18
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Ai X, Jia ZM, Wang J, DI GP, Zhang XU, Sun F, Zang T, Liao X. Bioinformatics analysis of the target gene of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in bladder cancer and associated molecular mechanisms. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:543-549. [PMID: 26171066 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) activation via overexpression or mutation of the FGFR3 target gene in bladder cancer (BC). The transcription profile data GSE41035, which included 18 BC samples, containing 3 independent FGFR3 short hairpin (sh)RNA, and 6 control samples, containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) shRNA, were obtained from the National Center of Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database. The Limma package with multiple testing correction was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FGFR3 knockdown and control samples. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were conducted in order to investigate the DEGs at the functional level. In addition, differential co-expression analysis was employed to construct a gene co-expression network. A total of 196 DEGs were acquired, of which 101 were downregulated and 95 were upregulated. In addition, a gene signature was identified linking FGFR3 signaling with de novo sterol biosynthesis and metabolism using GO and pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that the genes NME2, CCNB1 and H2AFZ were significantly associated with BC, as determined by the protein-protein interaction network of DEGs and co-expressed genes. In conclusion, the present study revealed the involvement of FGFR3 in the regulation of sterol biosynthesis and metabolism in the maintenance of BC; in addition, the present study provided a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of FGFR3 in BC. These results may therefore contribute to the theoretical guidance into the detection and therapy of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ai
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Min Jia
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China ; Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Ping DI
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - X U Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Fengling Sun
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zang
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Liao
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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