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Ananta, Benerjee S, Tchounwou PB, Kumar S. Mechanistic update of Trisenox in blood cancer. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 5:100166. [PMID: 38074774 PMCID: PMC10701371 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2023.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)/blood cancer is M3 type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) formed inside bone marrow through chromosomal translocation mutation usually between chromosome 15 & 17. It accounts around 10% cases of AML worldwide. Trisenox (TX/ATO) is used in chemotherapy for treatment of all age group of APL patients with highest efficacy and survival rate for longer period. High concentration of TX inhibits growth of APL cells by diverse mechanism however, it cures only PML-RARα fusion gene/oncogene containing APL patients. TX resistant APL patients (different oncogenic make up) have been reported from worldwide. This review summarizes updated mechanism of TX action via PML nuclear bodies formation, proteasomal degradation, autophagy, p53 activation, telomerase activity, heteromerization of pRb & E2F, and regulation of signaling mechanism in APL cells. We have also provided important information of combination therapy of TX with other molecules mechanism of action in acute leukemia cells. It provides updated information of TX action for researcher which may help finding new target for further research in APL pathophysiology or new TX resistant APL patients drug designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Swati Benerjee
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
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Kumar S, Tchounwou PB. p53 as a unique target of action of cisplatin in acute leukaemia cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4727-4739. [PMID: 35946055 PMCID: PMC9443951 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) occurs in approximately 10% of acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been for APL chemotherapy, but recently several ATO-resistant cases have been reported worldwide. Cisplatin (CDDP) enhances the toxicity of ATO in ovarian, lung cancer, chronic myelogenous leukaemia, and HL-60 cells. Hence, the goal of this study was to investigate a novel target of CDDP action in APL cells, as an alternate option for the treatment of ATO-resistant APL patients. We applied biochemical, molecular, confocal microscopy and advanced gene editing (CRISPR-Cas9) techniques to elucidate the novel target of CDDP action and its functional mechanism in APL cells. Our main findings revealed that CDDP activated p53 in APL cells through stress signals catalysed by ATM and ATR protein kinases, CHK1 and CHK2 phosphorylation at Ser 345 and Thr68 residues, and downregulation and dissociation of MDM2-DAXX-HAUSP complex. Our functional studies confirmed that CDDP-induced repression of MDM2-DAXX-HAUSP complex was significantly reversed in both nutilin-3-treated KG1a and p53-knockdown NB4 cells. Our findings also showed that CDDP stimulated an increased number of promyelocytes with dense granules, activated p53 expression, and downregulated MDM2 in liver and bone marrow of APL mice. Principal conclusion of our study highlights a novel mode of action of CDDP targeting p53 expression which may provide a basis for designing new anti-leukaemic compounds for treatment of APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD‐RCMI Center for Health Disparities ResearchJackson State UniversityJacksonMississippiUSA
- Department of life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental SciencesCentral University South BiharGayaIndia
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD‐RCMI Center for Health Disparities ResearchJackson State UniversityJacksonMississippiUSA
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Kumar S, Tchounwou PB. Arsenic trioxide reduces the expression of E2F1, cyclin E, and phosphorylation of PI3K signaling molecules in acute leukemia cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1785-1792. [PMID: 34042274 PMCID: PMC8453914 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Although ATO modulates cell cycle progression and apoptosis in APL cells, its exact mechanism of action remains elusive. In this research, we investigated its effects on E2F1, cyclin E, p53, pRb, and PI3K signaling molecules by western blotting, immunocytochemistry and/or confocal imaging. We found that ATO inhibited the proliferation of APL cells through down-regulation of E2F1 and cyclin E expression, and stimulation of pRb. It also reduced the interaction of pRb and E2F1with binding to the E2F1 promoter, by stimulating pRb association. ATO also effected the phosphorylation of pRb at S608 and T373 residues and association of E2F1, pRb, and p53, simultaneously. However, in p53-knockdown NB4 cells, ATO did not significantly reduce E2F1 and cyclin E expression. Our findings demonstrate that ATO inhibits APL cell growth through reduced expression of E2F1, cyclin E, and stimulation of pRb. It also effected both interaction and association of E2F1, pRb, and p53 by phosphorylation of pRb at T373 and S608 residues and reduced phosphorylation of PI3K signaling molecules. This novel mode of action of ATO in APL cells may be useful for designing new APL drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research LaboratoryNIH/NIMHD‐RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State UniversityJacksonMississippi
- Department of life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental SciencesCentral UniversityGayaSouth BiharIndia
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research LaboratoryNIH/NIMHD‐RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State UniversityJacksonMississippi
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Shen W, Zhang Z, Ma J, Lu D, Lyu L. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Skin Fibrosis. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:29-40. [PMID: 33433895 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a highly conserved way to regulate protein turnover in cells. The UPS hydrolyzes and destroys variant or misfolded proteins and finely regulates proteins involved in differentiation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. This system is a key regulatory factor in the proliferation, differentiation, and collagen secretion of skin fibroblasts. E3 ubiquitin protein ligases Parkin and NEDD4 regulate multiple signaling pathways in keloid. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) binding with deubiquitinase USP10 can induce p53 destabilization and promote keloid-derived fibroblast proliferation. The UPS participates in the occurrence and development of hypertrophic scars by regulating the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway. An initial study suggests that TNFα-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) polymorphisms may be significantly associated with scleroderma susceptibility in individuals of Caucasian descent. Sumoylation and multiple ubiquitin ligases, including Smurfs, UFD2, and KLHL42, play vital roles in scleroderma by targeting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. In the future, drugs targeting E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes have great potential for the treatment of skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Shen
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaqing Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Di Lu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lechun Lyu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Shan Z, Liu L, Shen J, Hao H, Zhang H, Lei L, Liu F, Wang Z. Enhanced UV Resistance Role of Death Domain-Associated Protein in Human MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells by Regulation of G2 DNA Damage Checkpoint. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720920277. [PMID: 32662684 PMCID: PMC7586275 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720920277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Death domain–associated protein (DAXX) is a multifunctional nuclear protein involved in apoptosis, transcription, deoxyribonucleic acid damage response, and tumorigenesis. However, the role of DAXX in breast cancer development and progression remains elusive. In this study, we examined the expression patterns and function of DAXX in human breast cancer samples and cell lines. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression and localization patterns of DAXX. Additionally, we investigated whether DAXX played an intrinsic role in the cellular response to damage induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (isolated at M D Anderson from a pleural effusion of a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma). Results: Our results showed that nucleus size, chromatin organization, and DAXX localization were altered in breast cancer tissues compared with those in control tissues. Compared with cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in benign breast tissues, DAXX was colocalized with promyelocytic leukemia in nuclei with a granular distribution. Endogenous DAXX messenger ribonucleic acid levels were upregulated upon UV radiation in MDA-MB-231 cells. DAXX-deficient cells tended to be more sensitive to irradiation than control cells. Conversely, DAXX-overexpressing cells exhibited reduced phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) accumulation, increased cell survival, and resistance to UV-induced damage. The protective effects of DAXX may be related to the activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-checkpoint kinase 2 (ATM-CHK2)-cell division cycle 25c (CDC25c) signaling pathways in Gap2/Mitosis (G2/M) checkpoint and ultimately cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggested that DAXX may be an essential component in breast cancer initiation, malignant progression, and radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Shan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Jingling Shen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiyue Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Blood Transfusion Department of Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Kumar S, Tchounwou PB. Trisenox Disrupts MDM2-DAXX-HAUSP Complex and Induces Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Acute Leukemia. J Cancer 2020; 11:4373-4383. [PMID: 32489456 PMCID: PMC7255370 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisenox (TX) is successfully used for both de novo and relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment. Although TX toxicity to APL cells is mediated by oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, its mode of action in the transgenic mice model of APL is poorly understood. We hypothesized that TX regulates cell cycle and apoptosis in APL mice by p53 activation, DNA damage, and reduced expression of MDM2-DAXX-HAUSP complex. To test hypothesis, we treated APL mice with different doses (0, 1.25.2.5.5.0 & 7.5 mg/kg body wt) of TX and collected the liver and bone marrow cells. We applied several techniques to check the expression of PML-RARα, complex molecules, and DNA damage in APL mice bone marrow cells and liver. Our findings indicate that TX reduced the expression of PML-RARα and complex molecules, induced DNA damage and activated p53 leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in APL mice liver. We found that TX promoted more promyelocytes formation with dense granules in bone marrow cells. It also transmitted the DNA damage signal through protein kinase (ATM & ATR) leading to disruption of complex and activation of p53 in APL mice liver. TX induced cell cycle arrest through activation of p53, p21, and reduced expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin dependent kinases (CDK 2, 4 & 6) in mice liver. It also caused apoptosis through upregulation of caspase 3 and Bax expression, and down-regulation of Bcl2 expression. Taken together, these molecular targets provide new insights into TX mode of action in APL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box18750, Jackson, Mississippi, MS 39217, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box18750, Jackson, Mississippi, MS 39217, USA
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Wang Z, Kang W, You Y, Pang J, Ren H, Suo Z, Liu H, Zheng Y. USP7: Novel Drug Target in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:427. [PMID: 31114498 PMCID: PMC6502913 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) is one of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) that erases ubiquitin and protects substrate protein from degradation. Full activity of USP7 requires the C-terminal Ub-like domains fold back onto the catalytic domain, allowing the remodeling of the active site to a catalytically competent state by the C-terminal peptide. Until now, numerous proteins have been identified as substrates of USP7, which play a key role in cell cycle, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and epigenetic regulation. Aberrant activation or overexpression of USP7 may promote oncogenesis and viral disease, making it a target for therapeutic intervention. Currently, several synthetic small molecules have been identified as inhibitors of USP7, and applied in the treatment of diverse diseases. Hence, USP7 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhenghzou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, and Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China.,Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenting Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhenghzou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, and Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghua You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhenghzou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, and Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingru Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhenghzou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, and Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhenghzou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, and Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhenghzou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, and Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yichao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhenghzou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, and Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
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