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Marković I, Debeljak Ž, Dobrošević B, Lukić M, Mrđenović S, Kotris A, Bošnjak B, Dmitrović B. Metabolic profiling of CD19+ cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by single-cell mass spectrometry imaging. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119758. [PMID: 38848898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Modern mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables single cells' metabolism exploration. Aims of this study were development of the single-cell MSI of human CD19+ lymphocytes and metabolic profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood donor (BD) samples were used for the optimization of CD19+ lymphocyte isolation and single-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI TOF) MSI. Independent set of 200 CD19+ lymphocytes coming from 5 CLL patients and 5 BD was used for the CD19+ lymphocytes classification assessment and the untargeted metabolic profiling. CLL vs BD lymphocyte classification was performed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) using normalized single-cell mass spectra recorded in 300-600 and 600-950 Da ranges was applied. RESULTS Accuracy assessed by 10-fold cross-validation of CD19+ lymphocyte PLS-DA classification reached >90.0 %. Volcano plots showed 106 significantly altered m/z signals in CLL of which 9 were tentatively annotated. Among tentatively annotated m/z signals formaldehyde and glutathione metabolites and tetrahydrofolate stand out. CONCLUSION A method for single-cell MALDI TOF MSI of CD19+ lymphocytes was successfully developed. The method confirmed the significance of oxidative stress and single-carbon metabolism, pyruvate and fatty acid metabolism and apoptosis in CLL and it provided metabolic candidates for diagnostic applications.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Antigens, CD19/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Metabolomics/methods
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Marković
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine Osijek, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željko Debeljak
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine Osijek, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Blaženka Dobrošević
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine Osijek, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Lukić
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine Osijek, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Stefan Mrđenović
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Kotris
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Bojana Bošnjak
- Clinical Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Branko Dmitrović
- Department for Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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2
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Vijayakumar S, Dhakshanamoorthy R, Baskaran A, Sabari Krishnan B, Maddaly R. Drug resistance in human cancers - Mechanisms and implications. Life Sci 2024:122907. [PMID: 39004273 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancers have complex etiology and pose a significant impact from the health care perspective apart from the socio-economic implications. The enormity of challenge posed by cancers can be understood from the fact that clinical trials for cancer therapy has yielded minimum potential promises compared to those obtained for other diseases. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy continue to be the mainstay therapeutic options for cancers. Among the challenges posed by these options, induced resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is probably the most significant contributor for poor prognosis and ineffectiveness of the therapy. Drug resistance is a property exhibited by almost all cancer types including carcinomas, leukemias, myelomas, sarcomas and lymphomas. The mechanisms by which drug resistance is induced include the factors within the tumor microenvironment, mutations in the genes responsible for drug metabolism, changes in the surface drug receptors and increased drug efflux. We present here comprehensively the drug resistance in cancers along with their mechanisms. Also, apart from resistance to regularly used chemotherapeutic drugs, we present resistance induction to new generation therapeutic agents such as monoclonal antibodies. Finally, we have discussed the experimental approaches to understand the mechanisms underlying induction of drug resistance and potential ways to mitigate induced drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudikshaa Vijayakumar
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Raveena Dhakshanamoorthy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Akshaya Baskaran
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - B Sabari Krishnan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Ravi Maddaly
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India.
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3
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Nguyen Van Long F, Valcourt‐Gendron D, Caron P, Rouleau M, Villeneuve L, Simonyan D, Le T, Sergerie R, Laverdière I, Vanura K, Guillemette C. Untargeted metabolomics identifies metabolic dysregulation of sphingolipids associated with aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and poor survival. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1442. [PMID: 38037464 PMCID: PMC10689972 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dependencies of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells may represent new personalized treatment approaches in patients harbouring unfavourable features. METHODS Here, we used untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics analyses to isolate metabolomic features associated with aggressive CLL and poor survival outcomes. We initially focused on profiles associated with overexpression of the adverse metabolic marker glycosyltransferase (UGT2B17) associated with poor survival and drug resistance. RESULTS Leukaemic B-cell metabolomes indicated a significant perturbation in lipids, predominantly bio-active sphingolipids. Expression of numerous enzyme-encoding genes of sphingolipid biosynthesis pathways was significantly associated with shorter patient survival. Targeted metabolomics further exposed higher circulating levels of glucosylceramides (C16:0 GluCer) in CLL patients relative to healthy donors and an aggressive cancer biology. In multivariate analyses, C16:0 GluCer and sphinganine were independent prognostic markers and were inversely linked to treatment-free survival. These two sphingolipid species function as antagonistic mediators, with sphinganine being pro-apoptotic and GluCer being pro-proliferative, tested in leukemic B-CLL cell models. Blocking GluCer synthesis using ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitors induced cell death and reduced the proliferative phenotype, which further sensitized a leukaemic B-cell model to the anti-leukaemics fludarabine and ibrutinib in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Specific sphingolipids may serve as prognostic markers in CLL, and inhibiting enzymatic pathways involved in their biosynthesis has potential as a therapaeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Nguyen Van Long
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center‐Université Laval (CRCHUQc‐UL)Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC‐UL)Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Délya Valcourt‐Gendron
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center‐Université Laval (CRCHUQc‐UL)Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC‐UL)Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Patrick Caron
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center‐Université Laval (CRCHUQc‐UL)Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC‐UL)Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Michèle Rouleau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center‐Université Laval (CRCHUQc‐UL)Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC‐UL)Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Lyne Villeneuve
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center‐Université Laval (CRCHUQc‐UL)Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC‐UL)Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - David Simonyan
- Statistical and Clinical Research PlatformCRCHUQc‐ULQuébecCanada
| | - Trang Le
- Department of Medicine IDivision of Haematology and HaemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Roxanne Sergerie
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center‐Université Laval (CRCHUQc‐UL)Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC‐UL)Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Isabelle Laverdière
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center‐Université Laval (CRCHUQc‐UL)Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC‐UL)Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Katrina Vanura
- Department of Medicine IDivision of Haematology and HaemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center‐Université Laval (CRCHUQc‐UL)Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer (CRC‐UL)Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Canada Research Chair in PharmacogenomicsQuébecCanada
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4
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Polónia B, Xavier CPR, Kopecka J, Riganti C, Vasconcelos MH. The role of Extracellular Vesicles in glycolytic and lipid metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells: Consequences for drug resistance. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:150-162. [PMID: 37225643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to adapt to a higher proliferative rate and an increased demand for energy sources, cancer cells rewire their metabolic pathways, a process currently recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Even though the metabolism of glucose is perhaps the most discussed metabolic shift in cancer, lipid metabolic alterations have been recently recognized as relevant players in the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Importantly, some of these metabolic alterations are reported to induce a drug resistant phenotype in cancer cells. The acquisition of drug resistance traits severely hinders cancer treatment, being currently considered one of the major challenges of the oncological field. Evidence suggests that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which play a crucial role in intercellular communication, may act as facilitators of tumour progression, survival and drug resistance by modulating several aspects involved in the metabolism of cancer cells. This review aims to gather and discuss relevant data regarding metabolic reprograming in cancer, particularly involving the glycolytic and lipid alterations, focusing on its influence on drug resistance and highlighting the relevance of EVs as intercellular mediators of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Polónia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology "G. Tarone", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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5
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Hruba L, Das V, Hajduch M, Dzubak P. Nucleoside-based anticancer drugs: Mechanism of action and drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115741. [PMID: 37567317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside-based drugs, recognized as purine or pyrimidine analogs, have been potent therapeutic agents since their introduction in 1950, deployed widely in the treatment of diverse diseases such as cancers, myelodysplastic syndromes, multiple sclerosis, and viral infections. These antimetabolites establish complex interactions with cellular molecular constituents, primarily via activation of phosphorylation cascades leading to consequential interactions with nucleic acids. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these agents is frequently compromised by the development of drug resistance, a continually emerging challenge in their clinical application. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of resistance to nucleoside-based drugs, encompassing a wide spectrum of phenomena from alterations in membrane transporters and activating kinases to changes in drug elimination strategies and DNA damage repair mechanisms. The critical analysis in this review underlines complex interactions of drug and cell and also guides towards novel therapeutic strategies to counteract resistance. The development of targeted therapies, novel nucleoside analogs, and synergistic drug combinations are promising approaches to restore tumor sensitivity and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Hruba
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dzubak
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.
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6
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Schleser SW, Krytovych O, Ziegelmeier T, Groß E, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Weber T, Schobert R, Mueller T. Palladium and Platinum Complexes of the Antimetabolite Fludarabine with Vastly Enhanced Selectivity for Tumour over Non-Malignant Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5173. [PMID: 37446835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purine derivative fludarabine is part of frontline therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). It has shown positive effects on solid tumours such as melanoma, breast, and colon carcinoma in clinical phase I studies. As the treatment of CLL cells with combinations of fludarabine and metal complexes of antitumoural natural products, e.g., illudin M ferrocene, has led to synergistically enhanced apoptosis, in this research study different complexes of fludarabine itself. Four complexes bearing a trans-[Br(PPh3)2]Pt/Pd fragment attached to atom C-8 via formal η1-sigma or η2-carbene bonds were synthesised in two or three steps without protecting polar groups on the arabinose or adenine. The platinum complexes were more cytotoxic than their palladium analogues, with low single-digit micromolar IC50 values against cells of various solid tumour entities, including cisplatin-resistant ones and certain B-cell lymphoma and CLL, presumably due to the ten-fold higher cellular uptake of the platinum complexes. However, the palladium complexes interacted more readily with isolated Calf thymus DNA. Interestingly, the platinum complexes showed vastly greater selectivity for cancer over non-malignant cells when compared with fludarabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian W Schleser
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Krytovych
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegelmeier
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Groß
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Hematology/Oncology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Weber
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Hematology/Oncology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Hematology/Oncology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle, Germany
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7
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Raza Y, Atallah J, Luberto C. Advancements on the Multifaceted Roles of Sphingolipids in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12745. [PMID: 36361536 PMCID: PMC9654982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism plays a complex role in hematological malignancies, beginning with the first historical link between sphingolipids and apoptosis discovered in HL-60 leukemic cells. Numerous manuscripts have reviewed the field including the early discoveries that jumpstarted the studies. Many studies discussed here support a role for sphingolipids, such as ceramide, in combinatorial therapeutic regimens to enhance anti-leukemic effects and reduce resistance to standard therapies. Additionally, inhibitors of specific nodes of the sphingolipid pathway, such as sphingosine kinase inhibitors, significantly reduce leukemic cell survival in various types of leukemias. Acid ceramidase inhibitors have also shown promising results in acute myeloid leukemia. As the field moves rapidly, here we aim to expand the body of literature discussed in previously published reviews by focusing on advances reported in the latter part of the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasharah Raza
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jane Atallah
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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8
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Patel SB, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Welner RS. Deciphering Metabolic Adaptability of Leukemic Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846149. [PMID: 35756656 PMCID: PMC9213881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of leukemic stem cells is widely studied to control leukemia. An emerging approach gaining popularity is altering metabolism as a potential therapeutic opportunity. Studies have been carried out on hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells to identify vulnerable pathways without impacting the non-transformed, healthy counterparts. While many metabolic studies have been conducted using stem cells, most have been carried out in vitro or on a larger population of progenitor cells due to challenges imposed by the low frequency of stem cells found in vivo. This creates artifacts in the studies carried out, making it difficult to interpret and correlate the findings to stem cells directly. This review discusses the metabolic difference seen between hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic stem cells across different leukemic models. Moreover, we also shed light on the advancements of metabolic techniques and current limitations and areas for additional research of the field to study stem cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta B Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Divison of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert S Welner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at, Birmingham, AL, United States
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9
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Mechanisms of tRNA-derived fragments and tRNA halves in cancer treatment resistance. Biomark Res 2020; 8:52. [PMID: 33072328 PMCID: PMC7559774 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNAs) are newly discovered noncoding RNAs in recent years. They are derived from specific cleavage of mature and pre-tRNAs and expressed in various cancers. They enhance cell proliferation and metastasis or inhibit cancer progression. Many studies have investigated their roles in the diagnosis, progression, metastasis, and prognosis of various cancers, but the mechanisms through which they are involved in resistance to cancer treatment are unclear. This review outlines the classification of tRFs and tiRNAs and their mechanisms in cancer drug resistance, thus providing new ideas for cancer treatment.
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10
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Kopecka J, Trouillas P, Gašparović AČ, Gazzano E, Assaraf YG, Riganti C. Phospholipids and cholesterol: Inducers of cancer multidrug resistance and therapeutic targets. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 49:100670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Morais CM, Cunha PP, Melo T, Cardoso AM, Domingues P, Domingues MR, Pedroso de Lima MC, Jurado AS. Glucosylceramide synthase silencing combined with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor axitinib as a new multimodal strategy for glioblastoma. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:3664-3679. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A great deal of evidence revealing that lipid metabolism is drastically altered during tumorigenesis has been accumulated. In this work, glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) was targeted, using RNA interference technology (siRNAs), in U87 and DBTRG human glioblastoma (GBM) cells, as in both cell types GCS showed to be overexpressed with respect to normal human astrocytes. The efficacy of a combined therapy to tackle GBM, allying GCS silencing to the new generation chemotherapeutics sunitinib and axitinib, or to the alkylating drugs etoposide and temozolomide, is evaluated here for the first time. With this purpose, studies addressing GBM cell viability and proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were performed, which revealed that combination of GCS silencing with axitinib treatment represents a promising therapeutic approach. The reduction of cell viability induced by this combined therapy is proposed to be mediated by excessive production of reactive oxygen species. This work, identifying GCS as a key molecular target to increase GBM susceptibility to a new generation chemotherapeutic, opens windows to the development of innovative strategies to halt GBM recurrence after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Morais
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Pedro P Cunha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ana M Cardoso
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | | | - Amália S Jurado
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
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12
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Thurgood LA, Dwyer ES, Lower KM, Chataway TK, Kuss BJ. Altered expression of metabolic pathways in CLL detected by unlabelled quantitative mass spectrometry analysis. Br J Haematol 2019; 185:65-78. [PMID: 30656643 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) remains the most common incurable malignancy of B cells in the western world. Patient outcomes are heterogeneous and can be difficult to predict with current prognostic markers. Here, we used a quantitative label-free proteomic technique to ascertain differences in the B-cell proteome from healthy donors and CLL patients with either mutated (M-CLL) or unmutated (UM-CLL) IGHV to identify new prognostic markers. In peripheral B-CLL cells, 349 (22%) proteins were differentially expressed between normal B cells and B-CLL cells and 189 (12%) were differentially expressed between M-CLL and UM-CLL. We also examined the proteome of proliferating CLL cells in the lymph nodes, and identified 76 (~8%) differentially expressed proteins between healthy and CLL lymph nodes. B-CLL cells show over-expression of proteins involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. A comprehensive lipidomic analysis highlighted large differences in glycolipids and sphingolipids. A shift was observed from the pro-apoptotic lipid ceramide towards the anti-apoptotic/chemoresistant lipid, glucosylceramide, which was more evident in patients with aggressive disease (UM-CLL). This study details a novel quantitative proteomic technique applied for the first time to primary patient samples in CLL and highlights that primary CLL lymphocytes display markers of a metabolic shift towards lipid synthesis and breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Thurgood
- Discipline Molecular Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eveline S Dwyer
- Discipline Molecular Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karen M Lower
- Discipline Molecular Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tim K Chataway
- Flinders Proteomic Facility, Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bryone J Kuss
- Discipline Molecular Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Haematology, Molecular Medicine and Pathology, SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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