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Yan K, Zhang W, Song H, Xu X. Sphingolipid metabolism and regulated cell death in malignant melanoma. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-02002-y. [PMID: 39068623 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-02002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly invasive and therapeutically resistant skin malignancy, posing a significant clinical challenge in its treatment. Programmed cell death plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of MM. Sphingolipids (SP), as a class of bioactive lipids, may be associated with many kinds of diseases. SPs regulate various forms of programmed cell death in tumors, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and more. This review will delve into the mechanisms by which different types of SPs modulate various forms of programmed cell death in MM, such as their regulation of cell membrane permeability and signaling pathways, and how they influence the survival and death fate of MM cells. An in-depth exploration of the role of SPs in programmed cell death in MM aids in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of melanoma development and holds significant importance in developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yan
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Song
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiulian Xu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Han NR, Park HJ, Ko SG, Moon PD. Maltol has anti-cancer effects via modulating PD-L1 signaling pathway in B16F10 cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1255586. [PMID: 37731735 PMCID: PMC10508342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1255586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Among skin cancers, melanoma has a high mortality rate. Recent advances in immunotherapy, particularly through immune checkpoint modulation, have improved the clinical treatment of melanoma. Maltol has various bioactivities, including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but the anti-melanoma property of maltol remains underexplored. The aim of this work is to explore the anti-melanoma potential of maltol through regulating immune checkpoints. Methods: The immune checkpoint PD-L1 was analyzed using qPCR, immunoblots, and immunofluorescence. Melanoma sensitivity towards T cells was investigated via cytotoxicity, cell viability, and IL-2 assays employing CTLL-2 cells. Results: Maltol was found to reduce melanin contents, tyrosinase activity, and expression levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1. Additionally, maltol suppressed the proliferative capacity of B16F10 and induced cell cycle arrest. Maltol increased apoptotic rates by elevating cleaved caspase-3 and PARP. The co-treatment with maltol and cisplatin revealed a synergistic effect on inhibiting growth and promoting apoptosis. Maltol suppressed IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 and cisplatin-upregulated PD-L1 by attenuating STAT1 phosphorylation, thereby enhancing cisplatin's cytotoxicity against B16F10. Maltol augmented sensitivity to CTLL-2 cell-regulated melanoma destruction, leading to an increase in IL-2 production. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that maltol restricts melanoma growth through the downregulation of PD-L1 and elicits T cell-mediated anti-cancer responses, overcoming PD-L1-mediated immunotherapy resistance of cisplatin. Therefore, maltol can be considered as an effective therapeutic agent against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy and Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Pan X, Giustarini D, Lang F, Rossi R, Wieder T, Köberle M, Ghashghaeinia M. Desipramine induces eryptosis in human erythrocytes, an effect blunted by nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside and N-acetyl-L-cysteine but enhanced by Calcium depletion. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1827-1853. [PMID: 37522842 PMCID: PMC10599211 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2234177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Desipramine a representative of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) promotes recovery of depressed patients by inhibition of reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin (SER) and norepinephrine (NE) in the presynaptic membrane by directly blocking their respective transporters SERT and NET.Aims: To study the effect of desipramine on programmed erythrocyte death (eryptosis) and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods: Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the cell surface as marker of cell death was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter in flow cytometry. Hemolysis was determined photometrically, and intracellular glutathione [GSH]i from high performance liquid chromatography.Results: Desipramine dose-dependently significantly enhanced the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells and didn´t impact glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Desipramine-induced eryptosis was significantly reversed by pre-treatment of erythrocytes with either nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The highest inhibitory effect was obtained by using both inhibitors together. Calcium (Ca2+) depletion aggravated desipramine-induced eryptosis. Changing the order of treatment, i.e. desipramine first followed by inhibitors, could not influence the inhibitory effect of SNP or NAC.Conclusion: Antidepressants-caused intoxication can be treated by SNP and NAC, respectively. B) Patients with chronic hypocalcemia should not be treated with tricyclic anti-depressants or their dose should be noticeably reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Pan
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Florian Lang
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Li RZ, Wang XR, Wang J, Xie C, Wang XX, Pan HD, Meng WY, Liang TL, Li JX, Yan PY, Wu QB, Liu L, Yao XJ, Leung ELH. The key role of sphingolipid metabolism in cancer: New therapeutic targets, diagnostic and prognostic values, and anti-tumor immunotherapy resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941643. [PMID: 35965565 PMCID: PMC9364366 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically active sphingolipids are closely related to the growth, differentiation, aging, and apoptosis of cancer cells. Some sphingolipids, such as ceramides, are favorable metabolites in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, usually mediating antiproliferative responses, through inhibiting cancer cell growth and migration, as well as inducing autophagy and apoptosis. However, other sphingolipids, such as S1P, play the opposite role, which induces cancer cell transformation, migration and growth and promotes drug resistance. There are also other sphingolipids, as well as enzymes, played potentially critical roles in cancer physiology and therapeutics. This review aimed to explore the important roles of sphingolipid metabolism in cancer. In this article, we summarized the role and value of sphingolipid metabolism in cancer, including the distribution of sphingolipids, the functions, and their relevance to cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We also summarized the known and potential antitumor targets present in sphingolipid metabolism, analyzed the correlation between sphingolipid metabolism and tumor immunity, and summarize the antitumor effects of natural compounds based on sphingolipids. Through the analysis and summary of sphingolipid antitumor therapeutic targets and immune correlation, we aim to provide ideas for the development of new antitumor drugs, exploration of new therapeutic means for tumors, and study of immunotherapy resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xuan-Run Wang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Luzhou People’s Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Xie
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xing-Xia Wang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hu-Dan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei-Yu Meng
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Tu-Liang Liang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Pei-Yu Yan
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qi-Biao Wu
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Jun Yao, ; Liang Liu, ; Elaine Lai-Han Leung,
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Jun Yao, ; Liang Liu, ; Elaine Lai-Han Leung,
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Breast Surgery, Zhuhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Jun Yao, ; Liang Liu, ; Elaine Lai-Han Leung,
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Chueakwon P, Jatooratthawichot P, Talabnin K, Ketudat Cairns JR, Talabnin C. Inhibition of Ceramide Glycosylation Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity in Cholangiocarcinoma by Limiting the Activation of the ERK Signaling Pathway. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030351. [PMID: 35330102 PMCID: PMC8949529 DOI: 10.3390/life12030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive tumor of the biliary epithelium with poor survival that shows limited response to conventional chemotherapy. Increased expression of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) contributes to drug resistance and the progression of various cancers; the expression profiles of GCS (UGCG) and the genes for glucocerebrosidases 1, 2, and 3 (GBA1, GBA2, and GBA3) were therefore studied in CCA. The biological functions of GCS for cell proliferation and cisplatin sensitivity in CCA were explored. GCS expression was higher in CCA tumor tissues than that of GBA1, GBA2, and GBA3. Verification of GCS expression in 29 paired frozen CCA tissues showed that 8 of 29 cases (27.6%) had high GCS expression. The expression of GCS and GBA2 was induced in CCA cell lines following low-dose cisplatin treatment. Suppression of GCS by either palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PPMP), GCS knockdown or a combination of the two resulted in reduced cell proliferation. These treatments enhanced the effect of cisplatin-induced CCA cell death, increased the expression of apoptotic proteins and reduced phosphorylation of ERK upon cisplatin treatment. Taken together, inhibition of the GCS increased cisplatin-induced CCA apoptosis via the inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway. Thus, targeting GCS might be a strategy for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyasiri Chueakwon
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.J.); (J.R.K.C.)
| | - Peeranat Jatooratthawichot
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.J.); (J.R.K.C.)
| | - Krajang Talabnin
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.J.); (J.R.K.C.)
| | - Chutima Talabnin
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.J.); (J.R.K.C.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Ghosh S, Juin SK, Bhattacharyya Majumdar S, Majumdar S. Crucial role of glucosylceramide synthase in the regulation of stem cell-like cancer cells in B16F10 murine melanoma. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:840-858. [PMID: 34516706 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells render a complex cascade of events that facilitates highly invasive melanoma malignancy. Interplay between immunocytes and cancer stem cells within tumor microenvironment with the participation of sphingolipid signaling mediators skews the immune evasion strategies toward metastatic neoplasm. In this context, we aimed to explore the functional aspect of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), a key enzyme of sphingolipid biosynthesis in the maintenance of melanoma stem cell-like cancer cells (CSCs). Our findings demonstrated that tumor hypoxia was responsible for elevated GCS expression in melanoma, which was correlated with substantially increased melanoma CSCs. Moreover, hypoxia-induced TGF-β from TAMs and Tregs promoted GCS induction in B16F10 murine melanoma CSCs via PKCα signaling and facilitated the expansion of melanoma CSCs. Interestingly, GCS ablation hindered the immunosuppressiveness of TAMs and Tregs. Therefore, our study for the first time demonstrated a novel paracrine pathway of melanoma CSC maintenance and tumorigenicity, exploiting the bidirectional signaling with immunocytes. Furthermore, our study showed that the combinatorial immunotherapy involving immunomodulators like Mw and DTA-1 repressed CSC pool affecting GCS functions in advanced-stage B16F10 murine melanoma tumor. Moreover, GCS inhibition sensitized conventional chemotherapeutic drug-resistant melanoma CSCs to the genotoxic drugs paving the way toward selective melanoma treatment. Better therapeutic efficacy with inhibition of GCS and CSC depletion suggests a crucial role of GCS in melanoma treatment, therefore, implying its application concerning clinical challenges of chemotherapy resistance leading to prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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7
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Giussani P, Prinetti A, Tringali C. The Role of Sphingolipids in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126492. [PMID: 34204326 PMCID: PMC8234743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is now considered an innovative and strong strategy to beat metastatic, drug-resistant, or relapsing tumours. It is based on the manipulation of several mechanisms involved in the complex interplay between cancer cells and immune system that culminates in a form of immune-tolerance of tumour cells, favouring their expansion. Current immunotherapies are devoted enforcing the immune response against cancer cells and are represented by approaches employing vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, interleukins, checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. Despite the undoubted potency of these treatments in some malignancies, many issues are being investigated to amplify the potential of application and to avoid side effects. In this review, we discuss how sphingolipids are involved in interactions between cancer cells and the immune system and how knowledge in this topic could be employed to enhance the efficacy of different immunotherapy approaches. In particular, we explore the following aspects: how sphingolipids are pivotal components of plasma membranes and could modulate the functionality of surface receptors expressed also by immune cells and thus their functionality; how sphingolipids are related to the release of bioactive mediators, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and ceramide that could significantly affect lymphocyte egress and migration toward the tumour milieu, in addition regulating key pathways needed to activate immune cells; given the renowned capability of altering sphingolipid expression and metabolism shown by cancer cells, how it is possible to employ sphingolipids as antigen targets.
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8
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Tian L, Wang S, Jiang S, Liu Z, Wan X, Yang C, Zhang L, Zheng Z, Wang B, Li L. Luteolin as an adjuvant effectively enhances CTL anti-tumor response in B16F10 mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107441. [PMID: 33611060 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin, a naturally found dietary flavonoid, has a wide range of beneficial biological effects, including effects against tumors and oxidants. Studies proved that luteolin can modulate immune responses. In this study, we investigated the function of luteolin as an antitumor vaccine adjuvant (to treat malignant melanoma) in vitro and in vivo. We found that Luteolin may activated the PI3K-Akt pathways in APCs (Antigen Presenting Cells), induced the activation of APCs, enhanced CTL (Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte) responses, and inhibited tolerogenic T cells. To prove the role of CD8+T cells in immune process, we sorted the CD8+T cells from the immunized mice and transferred them to the B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, the result showed that the survival rate was improved. We also observed that in the mice immunized with Luteolin as an adjuvant, the tumor growth was significantly reduced. Taken together, the result demonstrated that luteolin showed promising properties as a vaccine adjuvant for treating malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tian
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shasha Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- Department of Special Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueqi Wan
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaochao Yang
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Roy N, Ghosh S, Juin SK, Ghosh R, Majumdar SB, Majumdar S. Immunomodulator mediated changes in plasma membrane calcium ATPase in controlling visceral leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 2020; 217:107948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Juin SK, Ghosh S, Majumdar S. Glycyrrhizic acid facilitates anti-tumor immunity by attenuating Tregs and MDSCs: An immunotherapeutic approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106932. [PMID: 32890791 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies and its treatment remains challenging due to its highly metastatic property and availability of limited effective drugs. In addition, immunosuppresive tumor microenvironment (TME) has been identified as major barrier to evoke anti-tumor response in melanoma. Recent studies revealed that immunosuppressive TME is directly correlated with heightened activations of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) functions. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of a triterpenoid, glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on melanoma. Our study revealed that GA not only exhibited anti-proliferative effects on melanoma cells it significantly restricted progression of melanoma tumor. However, the therapeutic efficacy of GA in impressive regression of tumor was found to be directly correlated with induction of apoptosis and modulation of cytokines from Th2 to Th1 type. To unravel the mechanism of anti-melanoma effect of GA, it has been delineated that GA inhibits pSTAT3 to evade anti-tumor suppressive function of Tregs and MDSCs. Downregulation of FOXP3, GITR and CTLA4 in tumor-infiltrating Tregs and inhibition of Cox2, PGE2 and Arginase 1 in intra-tumoral MDSC were evidenced as some of the key events during therapeutic intervention of GA in melanoma management. Moreover, GA effectively restricted advanced stage solid tumor while used in combination with Mycobacterium indicus pranii, a known immunomodulator, which alone is reported to be ineffective to restrict advanced stage solid tumor. Thus, our findings may open up a novel insight of GA as a promising agent in cancer immunotherapy or adjuvant therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Kumar Juin
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sweta Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Subrata Majumdar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India.
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11
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Cancer stem cells and ceramide signaling: the cutting edges of immunotherapy. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8101-8111. [PMID: 32885363 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The multipotent, self renewing "cancer stem cells" (CSCs), a small population within tumor microenvironment facilitates transformed cells to grow and propagate within the body. The CSCs are discovered as resistant to the chemotherapeutic drug with distinct immunological characteristics. In recent years, immunologically targeting CSCs have emerged as an integral part of effective and successful cancer therapy. CSCs notably exhibit dysregulation in conventional sub-cellular sphingolipid metabolism. Recently, ceramide decaying enzymes have been shown to activate alternative ceramide signaling pathways leading to reduction in efficacy of the chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, a control over ceramide mediated modulations of CSCs offers an attractive dimension of effective cancer treatment strategy in future. In this review, we focused on the recent findings on broad spectrum of ceramide mediated signaling in CSCs within the tumor niche and their role in potential cancer immunotherapy.
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12
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Coazzoli M, Napoli A, Roux-Biejat P, De Palma C, Moscheni C, Catalani E, Zecchini S, Conte V, Giovarelli M, Caccia S, Procacci P, Cervia D, Clementi E, Perrotta C. Acid Sphingomyelinase Downregulation Enhances Mitochondrial Fusion and Promotes Oxidative Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040848. [PMID: 32244541 PMCID: PMC7226741 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most severe type of skin cancer. Its unique and heterogeneous metabolism, relying on both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, allows it to adapt to disparate conditions. Mitochondrial function is strictly interconnected with mitochondrial dynamics and both are fundamental in tumour progression and metastasis. The malignant phenotype of melanoma is also regulated by the expression levels of the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase). By modulating at transcriptional level A-SMase in the melanoma cell line B16-F1 cells, we assessed the effect of enzyme downregulation on mitochondrial dynamics and function. Our results demonstrate that A-SMase influences mitochondrial morphology by affecting the expression of mitofusin 1 and OPA1. The enhanced expression of the two mitochondrial fusion proteins, observed when A-SMase is expressed at low levels, correlates with the increase of mitochondrial function via the stimulation of the genes PGC-1alpha and TFAM, two genes that preside over mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, the reduction of A-SMase expression, observed in malignant melanomas, may determine their metastatic behaviour through the stimulation of mitochondrial fusion, activity and biogenesis, conferring a metabolic advantage to melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Coazzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessandra Napoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “Luigi Sacco”-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Paulina Roux-Biejat
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy;
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Conte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Sonia Caccia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Patrizia Procacci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
- Scientific Institute IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (C.P.)
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13
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Jiang S, Wang S, Zhang L, Tian L, Li L, Liu Z, Dong Q, Lv X, Mu H, Zhang Q, Wang B. Hesperetin as an adjuvant augments protective anti-tumour immunity responses in B16F10 melanoma by stimulating cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12867. [PMID: 31975405 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hesperetin (HES) is a dihydroflavone with the molecular formula of C16H14O6. It has been reported that Hesperetin has antioxidant and anticancer effects. Recent studies showed that it can also regulate immune responses. To assess its potential function as a vaccine adjuvant, we formulated HES with inactivated B16F10 melanoma cells and determined whether it would enhance the activation of antigen-presenting cells by experiments in vivo and in vitro. We found that HES activated the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and deactivated tolerogenic T cells. We also observed that inactivated B16F10 cells in combination with HES vaccine inhibited the growth of mice tumours, resulting in improved overall survival compared to the effects of inactivated B16F10 cell vaccine. To verify that CD8+ T cells play a key role in inhibiting the development of melanoma, we transferred the sorted CD8+ T cells from immunized mice to B16F10 challenged models and found that the survival rate of tumour-bearing mice was significantly prolonged. Taken together, these results suggest that hesperetin can be used as a potential adjuvant to improve tumour immune responses and antigen immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Le Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiwen Dong
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Lv
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyu Mu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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14
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PKCζ mediated anti-proliferative effect of C2 ceramide on neutralization of the tumor microenvironment and melanoma regression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:611-627. [PMID: 31996991 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy, which has advantages over chemotherapy due to lesser toxicity and higher specificity, is on the rise to treat cancer. Recently, pro-apoptotic glycolipid, ceramide has emerged as a key regulator in cancer immunotherapy. The present study elucidated the potential anti-melanoma efficacy of cell-permeable, exogenous C2 ceramide on cell death and amelioration of tumor microenvironment (TME). We, for the first time, demonstrated that C2 ceramide triggered apoptosis of melanoma cells by augmenting PKCζ along with pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling factors. C2 ceramide showed a PKCζ-mediated tumor-suppressive role in melanoma without exhibiting hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Moreover, PKCζ was revealed as one of the key regulators of Akt and ceramide during C2 ceramide-mediated apoptosis. C2 ceramide was effective in repolarization of M2 macrophage phenotype and reduction of angiogenic factors such as VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, HIF1α. Interestingly, PKCζ knockdown attenuated C2 ceramide-mediated inhibition of melanoma progression. Restoration of the Th1 type TME by C2 ceramide enhanced cytotoxic T cell-mediated killing of melanoma cells. Altogether, the study unraveled that C2 ceramide-induced PKCζ was associated with favorable immune cell functioning in TME leading to melanoma regression. Thus, our findings explored a novel mechanistic insight into C2 ceramide as a promising immunotherapeutic agent in melanoma treatment.
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15
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Siavashi R, Phaterpekar T, Leung SSW, Alonso A, Goñi FM, Thewalt JL. Lamellar Phases Composed of Phospholipid, Cholesterol, and Ceramide, as Studied by 2H NMR. Biophys J 2019; 117:296-306. [PMID: 31279446 PMCID: PMC6702149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids constitute a significant fraction of cellular plasma membrane lipid content. Among sphingolipids, ceramide levels are usually very low. However, in some cell processes like apoptosis, cell membrane ceramide levels increase markedly because of the activation of enzymes like acid sphingomyelinase. This increase can change the physical state of the membrane by promoting molecular order and inducing solid-ordered (So) phase domains. This effect has been observed in a previous 2H NMR study on membranes consisting of palmitoyl sphingomyelin (PSM) and palmitoyl ceramide (PCer). Cholesterol (Chol), too, is present at high concentrations in mammalian plasma membranes and has a favorable interaction with sphingomyelin (SM), together forming domains in the liquid-ordered phase in model membranes. There are reports that Chol is able to displace ceramide (Cer) in SM bilayers and abolish the So phase domains formed by SM:Cer. This ability of Chol appears to be concentration dependent; in membranes with low Chol and high Cer contents, So phase domains rich in Cer coexist with the continuous fluid phase of the membrane. Here, we studied the effect of increasing PCer concentration in PSM:Chol bilayers, using 2H NMR. Chol:PCer mole ratios were 3:1, 3:2, and 3:3, at a fixed 7:3 phospholipid:cholesterol mol ratio. Both PSM and PCer were monitored in separate samples for changes in their physical state by introducing a perdeuterated palmitoyl chain in either molecule. Moreover, the effect of replacing PSM with DPPC was investigated to test the impact on membrane phase behavior of replacing the sphingosine with a palmitoylated glycerol backbone. We found that PCer can increase acyl chain order in both PSM:Chol and DPPC:Chol bilayers. Especially in bilayers with Chol:PCer 1:1 molar ratios, PCer induces highly stable So phase domains in both PSM and DPPC bilayers near 37°C. However, PCer has a more pronounced ordering effect on PSM compared to DPPC bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Siavashi
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tejas Phaterpekar
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sherry S W Leung
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika, University of the Basque Country/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika, University of the Basque Country/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jenifer L Thewalt
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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