1
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Nakamura H, Mizumoto S, Tanino H, Niwa Y, Ogino M, Sakoda Y, Tsuchiya K, Kono S, Konishi M, Ueno S, Kunihisa T. High Frequency of BRCA2 c.5576_5579del Carriers in Kakogawa, Japan. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2024; 4:309-314. [PMID: 38707742 PMCID: PMC11062150 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background/Aim Certain germline pathogenic variants (PVs), known as founder mutations, have been frequently observed in specific regions and ethnic groups. In Japan, several pathogenic variants of BRCA1/2 have been identified as founder mutations, with their distribution varying across different regions. This retrospective study aimed to further investigate the detailed distribution and correlation between genotype and clinical features among breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods This study was conducted at Kobe University Hospital and three collaborating institutions. It included breast cancer patients who underwent BRCA1/2 genetic testing between July 1, 2018, and March 31, 2021, and were found to have germline PVs. Clinical characteristics and breast cancer subtypes were compared between carriers of BRCA2 c.5576_5579del and those with other PVs. Additionally, the detection rate of BRCA2 c.5576_5579del was compared with that observed in a previous report. Results A total of 38 breast cancer patients were included; PVs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 were detected in 12 and 26 patients, respectively, 12 of whom were BRCA2 c.5576_5579del carriers. BRCA2 c.5576_5579del carriers were more likely to develop triple negative breast cancers among all BRCA2 PV carriers. BRCA2 c.5576_5579del accounted for 30.8% of the PVs detected, with a particularly high frequency of 72.7% at Kakogawa Central City Hospital. Conclusion BRCA2 c.5576_5579del was detected with a particularly high frequency in Hyogo Prefecture, especially in Kakogawa city. In the future, a survey of the distribution of the BRCA2 c.5576_5579del carriers may provide more clarity regarding their localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Nakamura
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sachiko Mizumoto
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanino
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yui Niwa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ogino
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Sakoda
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Seishi Kono
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hyogo Prefectural Harima-Himeji General Medical Center, Himeji, Japan
| | - Muneharu Konishi
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ueno
- Department of Genomic Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomonari Kunihisa
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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2
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Ueki A, Yoshida R, Kosaka T, Matsubayashi H. Clinical risk management of breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostatic cancers for BRCA1/2 variant carriers in Japan. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:517-526. [PMID: 37088789 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Opportunities for genetic counseling and germline BRCA1/2 (BRCA) testing are increasing in Japan owing to cancer genomic profiling testing and companion diagnostics being covered by national health insurance for patients with BRCA-related cancers. These tests are useful not only to judge whether platinum agents and PARP inhibitors are indicated but also to reveal an autosomal-dominant inherited cancer syndrome: hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. In individuals with germline BRCA variants, risk of cancers of the breast, ovary, pancreas, and prostate is significantly increased at various ages of onset, but the stomach, uterus, biliary tract, and skin might also be at risk. For women with pathogenic BRCA variants, breast awareness and image analyses should be initiated in their 20s, and risk-reducing procedures such as mastectomy are recommended starting in their 30s, with salpingo-oophorectomy in their late 30s. For male BRCA pathogenic variant carriers, prostatic surveillance should be applied using serum prostate-specific antigen starting in their 40s. For both sexes, image examinations ideally using endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and blood testing should begin in their 50s for pancreatic surveillance. Homologous recombination pathway-associated genes are also causative candidates. Variant pathogenicity needs to be evaluated every 6-12 months when results are uncertain for clinical significance. Genetic counseling needs to be offered to the blood relatives of the pathogenic variant carriers with suitable timing. We review the recommended cross-organ BRCA risk management in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Ueki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Institute for Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsubayashi
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi, Suntogun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
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3
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Matsubayashi H, Todaka A, Kawakami T, Hamauchi S, Yokota T, Higashigawa S, Kiyozumi Y, Harada R, Kado N, Nishimura S, Ishiwatari H, Sato J, Niiya F, Ono H, Sugiura T, Sasaki K, Yasui H, Yamazaki K. Genetic medicine in companion diagnostics of germline BRCA testing of Japanese pancreatic cancer patients. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:81-86. [PMID: 36482120 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 2021, Japan's national health insurance made germline BRCA (g.BRCA) testing available to unresectable pancreatic cancer (PC) patients as a companion diagnostic (CD) of the PARP inhibitor. This study investigated the incidence of the g.BRCA variant (g.BRCAv.) and the status of the genetic medicine associated with its testing. A total of 110 PC patients underwent the testing, five of whom (4.5%) had a deleterious g.BRCA2v. (all truncations) but no g.BRCA1v. The turnaround time (TAT) to the doctors was 13 days, and to the patients, 17 days. A higher incidence of a BRCA-related family history and a shorter TAT were seen in the g.BRCAv. patients, but they were insignificant (p = 0.085 and p = 0.059, respectively). Genetic counseling was not performed for three g.BRCA2v. patients because two of them had no accessible relatives and one died of the cancer before the genetic report was completed. Two families underwent generic counseling and testing based on the patient's genetic data. g.BRCAv. is recognized in a small fraction of PC cases, and the following genetic counseling is done more for the relatives than for the patients. TAT was constant and did not affect much on the genetic counseling, but the earlier testing is expected for patients with a deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Matsubayashi
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion, Shizuoka, Japan. .,Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Akiko Todaka
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomoya Yokota
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Rina Harada
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kado
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion, Shizuoka, Japan.,Division of Gynecology, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Nishimura
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion, Shizuoka, Japan.,Division of Breast Surgery, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Teiichi Sugiura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Yasui
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion, Shizuoka, Japan.,Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka, Japan
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4
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Kohno T, Kato M, Kohsaka S, Sudo T, Tamai I, Shiraishi Y, Okuma Y, Ogasawara D, Suzuki T, Yoshida T, Mano H. C-CAT: The National Datacenter for Cancer Genomic Medicine in Japan. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2509-2515. [PMID: 36321305 PMCID: PMC9762342 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Since June 2019, under the umbrella of the national health insurance system, Japan has started cancer genomic medicine (CGM) with comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) tests. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan constructed a network of CGM hospitals (a total of 233 institutes as of July 1, 2022) and established the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), the national datacenter for CGM. Clinical information and genomic data from the CGP tests are securely transferred to C-CAT, which then generates "C-CAT Findings" reports containing information of clinical annotation and matched clinical trials based on the CGP data. As of June 30, 2022, a total of 36,340 datapoints of clinical/genomic information are aggregated in C-CAT, and the number is expected to increase swiftly. The data are now open for sharing with not only the CGM hospitals but also other academic institutions and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kohno
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kato
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sudo
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tamai
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuma
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogasawara
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Corresponding Author: Hiroyuki Mano, C-CAT, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. Phone: 813-3547-5241; E-mail:
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5
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Sokolenko AP, Sultanova LV, Stepanov IA, Romanko AA, Venina AR, Sokolova TN, Musayeva HS, Tovgereeva MY, Magomedova MK, Akhmatkhanov KU, Vagapova EI, Suleymanov E, Vasilyeva EV, Bakaeva EK, Bizin IV, Aleksakhina SN, Imyanitov EN. Strong founder effect for BRCA1 c.3629_3630delAG pathogenic variant in Chechen patients with breast or ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 12:3167-3171. [PMID: 36000185 PMCID: PMC9939208 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Coding sequences of BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, TP53, and PALB2 genes were analyzed in 68 consecutive Chechen patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants were identified in 15 (22%) out of 68 HGSOC cases. Nine out of ten patients with BRCA1 pathogenic alleles carried the same deletion (c.3629_3630delAG), and three out of five BRCA2 heterozygotes had Q3299X allele. The analysis of 49 consecutive patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) revealed 3 (6%) additional BRCA1 heterozygotes. All women with BRCA1 c.3629_3630delAG allele also carried linked c.1067G>A (Q356R) single nucleotide polymorphism, indicating that this is a genuine founder variant but not a mutational hotspot. An ATM truncating allele was detected in one HGSOC patient. There were no women with TP53 or PALB2 germline alterations. Genetic analysis of non-selected HGSOC patients is an efficient tool for the identification of ethnicity-specific BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth BiologyN.N. Petrov Institute of OncologySaint‐PetersburgRussia,Department of Medical GeneticsSt.‐Petersburg Pediatric Medical UniversitySaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | | | - Ilya A. Stepanov
- Department of Tumor Growth BiologyN.N. Petrov Institute of OncologySaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Alexandr A. Romanko
- Department of Tumor Growth BiologyN.N. Petrov Institute of OncologySaint‐PetersburgRussia,Department of Medical GeneticsSt.‐Petersburg Pediatric Medical UniversitySaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Aigul R. Venina
- Department of Tumor Growth BiologyN.N. Petrov Institute of OncologySaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Tatiana N. Sokolova
- Department of Tumor Growth BiologyN.N. Petrov Institute of OncologySaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena V. Vasilyeva
- Department of Tumor Growth BiologyN.N. Petrov Institute of OncologySaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Elvina Kh. Bakaeva
- Department of Tumor Growth BiologyN.N. Petrov Institute of OncologySaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Ilya V. Bizin
- Department of Tumor Growth BiologyN.N. Petrov Institute of OncologySaint‐PetersburgRussia
| | | | - Evgeny N. Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth BiologyN.N. Petrov Institute of OncologySaint‐PetersburgRussia,Department of Medical GeneticsSt.‐Petersburg Pediatric Medical UniversitySaint‐PetersburgRussia,Department of OncologyI.I. Mechnikov North‐Western Medical UniversitySaint‐PetersburgRussia
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6
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Nakamura Y, Kubota J, Nishimura Y, Nagata K, Nishimura M, Daino K, Ishikawa A, Kaneko T, Mashimo T, Kokubo T, Takabatake M, Inoue K, Fukushi M, Arai M, Saito M, Shimada Y, Kakinuma S, Imaoka T.
Brca1
L63X
/+
rat is a novel model of human
BRCA1
deficiency displaying susceptibility to radiation‐induced mammary cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3362-3375. [PMID: 35851737 PMCID: PMC9530872 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Women who are heterozygous for deleterious BRCA1 germline mutations harbor a high risk of hereditary breast cancer. Previous Brca1‐heterozygous animal models do not recapitulate the breast cancer phenotype, and thus all currently used knockout models adopt conditional, mammary‐specific homozygous Brca1 loss or addition of Trp53 deficiency. Herein, we report the creation and characterization of a novel Brca1 mutant rat model harboring the germline L63X mutation, which mimics a founder mutation in Japan, through CRISPR‐Cas9–based genome editing. Homozygotes (Brca1L63X/L63X) were embryonic lethal, whereas heterozygotes (Brca1L63X/+) showed apparently normal development. Without carcinogen exposure, heterozygotes developed mammary carcinoma at a comparable incidence rate with their wild‐type (WT) littermates during their lifetime. Intraperitoneal injection of 1‐methyl‐1‐nitrosourea (25 or 50 mg/kg) at 7 weeks of age induced mammary carcinogenesis at comparable levels among the heterozygotes and their littermates. After exposure to ionizing radiation (0.1–2 Gy) at 7 weeks of age, the heterozygotes, but not WT littermates, displayed dose‐dependent mammary carcinogenesis with 0.8 Gy−1 excess in hazard ratio during their middle age; the relative susceptibility of the heterozygotes was more prominent when rats were irradiated at 3 weeks of age. The heterozygotes had tumors with a lower estrogen receptor α immunopositivity and no evidence of somatic mutations of the WT allele. The Brca1L63X/+ rats thus offer the first single‐mutation, heterozygous model of BRCA1‐associated breast cancer, especially with exposure to a DNA break‐inducing carcinogen. This implies that such carcinogens are causative and a key to breast cancer prevention in individuals who carry high‐risk BRCA1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuki Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research National Institute of Radiological Sciences Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263‐8555 Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 116‐8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Jo Kubota
- Department of Radiation Effects Research National Institute of Radiological Sciences Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263‐8555 Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 116‐8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research National Institute of Radiological Sciences Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263‐8555 Japan
| | - Kento Nagata
- Department of Radiation Effects Research National Institute of Radiological Sciences Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263‐8555 Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research National Institute of Radiological Sciences Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263‐8555 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research National Institute of Radiological Sciences Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263‐8555 Japan
| | - Atsuko Ishikawa
- Department of Radiation Effects Research National Institute of Radiological Sciences Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263‐8555 Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Iwate University Morioka Japan
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University 606‐8303 Kyoto Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University 606‐8303 Kyoto Japan
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo 108‐8639 Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kokubo
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology 263‐8555 Chiba Japan
| | - Masaru Takabatake
- Department of Radiation Effects Research National Institute of Radiological Sciences Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263‐8555 Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 116‐8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazumasa Inoue
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 116‐8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 116‐8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Masami Arai
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University 113‐8421 Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsue Saito
- Department of Breast Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University 113‐8421 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research National Institute of Radiological Sciences Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263‐8555 Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 116‐8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research National Institute of Radiological Sciences Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263‐8555 Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 116‐8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research National Institute of Radiological Sciences Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263‐8555 Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 116‐8551 Tokyo Japan
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7
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Discovery of BRCA1/BRCA2 Founder Variants by Haplotype Analysis. Cancer Genet 2022; 266-267:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Correlation between the risk of ovarian cancer and BRCA recurrent pathogenic variants in Japan. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:267-272. [PMID: 34983974 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-01002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that L63X and Q934X are BRCA1 common founder variants in Japan. So far, there have been no reports of a correlation between such BRCA common variants and the risk of BRCA-related cancers. In this analysis, we investigated the correlation between the risk of ovarian cancer (OC) and BRCA recurrent pathogenic variants. We examined the database of the Japanese organization of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The database contained 3517 probands who underwent BRCA genetic testing. Among them, 11.1% (392/3517) had germline BRCA1 pathogenic variant, and 8.3% (293/3517) had BRCA2 pathogenic variant. We calculated the OC prevalence, breast cancer (BC) prevalence, and the ratio of OC to BC within second-degree relatives. The ratio of OC to BC in Q934X family members was significantly higher than that in the overall BRCA1 family members (0.80 vs.0.52: p = 0.038), and the ratio in STOP799 was 0.42, which was relatively lower than the overall BRCA1 value. Both Q934X and STOP799 are located in the ovarian cancer cluster region (OCCR), however there seems to be a difference in the risk of OC. R2318X family members had a significant higher ratio of OC to BC at 0.32 than the overall BRCA2 value of 0.13 (p = 0.012). R2318X is known to be located in the OCCR. This is the first report to investigate the correlation between BRCA recurrent variants and the risk of OC in Japan. The family members of probands with Q934X or R2318X have a higher risk of OC than that with other BRCA variants.
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9
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Sekine M, Enomoto T, Arai M, Den H, Nomura H, Ikeuchi T, Nakamura S. Differences in age at diagnosis of ovarian cancer for each BRCA mutation type in Japan: optimal timing to carry out risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. J Gynecol Oncol 2022; 33:e46. [PMID: 35557031 PMCID: PMC9250856 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2022.33.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are recommended to undergo risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) by age 40 and 45, respectively. However, the carriers have a different way of thinking about their life plan. We aimed to investigate the distribution of age at diagnosis of ovarian cancer (OC) patients to examine the optimal timing of RRSO in the carriers. Methods We examined a correlation between age at diagnosis of OC and common mutation types in 3,517 probands that received BRCA genetic testing. Among them, germline BRCA1 mutation (gBRCA1m), germline BRCA2 mutation (gBRCA2m) and germline BRCA wild-type (gBRCAwt) were found in 185, 42 and 241 OC patients, respectively. Results The average age at diagnosis of OC in gBRCA1m and gBRCA2m was 51.3 and 58.3 years, respectively, and the difference from gBRCAwt (53.8 years) was significant. The gBRCA2m carriers did not develop OC under the age of 40. The average age was 50.1 years for L63X and 52.8 years for Q934X in BRCA1, and 55.1 years for R2318X and 61.1 years for STOP1861 in BRCA2. The age at diagnosis in L63X or R2318X carriers was relatively younger than other BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers, however their differences were not significant. With L63X and R2318X carriers, 89.4% (42/47) and 100% (7/7) of women were able to prevent the development of OC, respectively, when RRSO was performed at age 40. Conclusion There appears to be no difference in the age at diagnosis of OC depending on the type of BRCA common mutation. Further analysis would be needed. This is the first report to present the optimal timing of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy for each BRCA mutation type in Japan. The average age at diagnosis of ovarian cancer (OC) in germline BRCA2 mutation (gBRCA2m) is higher than that in germline BRCA wild-type. The gBRCA2m carriers did not develop OC under the age of 40. The average age at diagnosis in L63X or R2318X carriers was relatively younger than other BRCA mutation carriers, though the differences were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Sekine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masami Arai
- Clinical Genetics, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Den
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health, and Preventative Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Seigo Nakamura
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Yoshida R. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC): review of its molecular characteristics, screening, treatment, and prognosis. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:1167-1180. [PMID: 32862296 PMCID: PMC8514387 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common cancer affecting a large number of patients. Notably, 5-10% of all breast cancer patients are genetically predisposed to cancers. Although the most common breast cancer susceptibility genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are also associated with the risk of developing ovarian and pancreatic cancer, advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis technology enabled the discovery of several non-BRCA genes responsible for breast and ovarian cancers. Studies on hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) involve not only determining the predisposition to developing cancer, but also considering the current treatment for breast cancer, prevention of next cancer, risk diagnosis, and adoption of protective measures for relatives. We present a comprehensive review of HBOC, which will be a useful resource in the clinical setting. Many hereditary tumors, including HBOC, are syndromes characterized by the development of different types of cancer in succession. Taking advantage of knowing predisposition of susceptibility to cancer, it is important to continue and update cancer management protocols, which includes the adoption of preventive measures, countermeasures, and treatments, to accurately assess and prevent the impact of cancer on the quality of life of the next generation of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Yoshida
- Showa University Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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11
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Saied MH, Elkaffash D, Fadl R, Haleem RA, Refeat A, Ibrahim I, Tahoun M, Elkayal A, Tayae E. Preliminary results of targeted sequencing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in a cohort of breast cancer families: New insight into pathogenic variants in patients and at‑risk relatives. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:678. [PMID: 34296289 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and a major health concern in Egypt. There is a known association between pathogenic variants identified in breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)1 and 2 and the risk of developing BC. However, the number of studies investigating mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Egypt remains limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in patients with BC and their relatives. For this purpose, 11 families (11 patients and 16 relatives) were included in the present study. BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants were investigated using the Ion S5 next‑generation sequencer. It was found that pathogenic variants were more frequent in patients with familial BC (FBC) than in those with sporadic BC, with 71% of variants in BRCA2, including the first reported identification of c.9089del, c.5583_5584dup, c.8243G>A and c.7976G>A pathogenic variants in Egyptian patients with BC. Pathogenic variants in relatives were confined to FBC c.1278delA, c.1960_1961del, and c.1224delT, with a higher incidence of variants of uncertain significance (VUS), such as BRCA2 intron 2 c.68‑16delT. Of note, two cold spot benign variants, c.3113A>G and c.4837A>G, were repeatedly found (67%) in patients and relatives. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, novel pathogenic variants and VUS in Egyptian patients with BC and their high‑risk relatives were identified for the first time in the present study. These findings should be integrated with other genomic data concerning Egyptian families and carefully interpreted during genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H Saied
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Dalal Elkaffash
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Reham Fadl
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Reham Abdel Haleem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Amal Refeat
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Inas Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Mona Tahoun
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Elkayal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Eman Tayae
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
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12
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Sekine M, Nishino K, Enomoto T. Differences in Ovarian and Other Cancers Risks by Population and BRCA Mutation Location. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071050. [PMID: 34356066 PMCID: PMC8303997 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is caused by a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. The frequency of germline BRCA1/2 gene mutation carriers and the ratio of germline BRCA1 to BRCA2 mutations in BRCA-related cancer patients vary depending on the population. Genotype and phenotype correlations have been reported in BRCA mutant families, however, the correlations are rarely used for individual risk assessment and management. BRCA genetic testing has become a companion diagnostic for PARP inhibitors, and the number of families with germline BRCA mutation identified is growing rapidly. Therefore, it is expected that analysis of the risk of developing cancer will be possible in a large number of BRCA mutant carriers, and there is a possibility that personal and precision medicine for the carriers with specific common founder mutations will be realized. In this review, we investigated the association of ovarian cancer risk and BRCA mutation location, and differences of other BRCA-related cancer risks by BRCA1/2 mutation, and furthermore, we discussed the difference in the prevalence of germline BRCA mutation in ovarian cancer patients. As a result, although there are various discussions, there appear to be differences in ovarian cancer risk by population and BRCA mutation location. If it becomes possible to estimate the risk of developing BRCA-related cancer for each BRCA mutation type, the age at risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy can be determined individually. The decision would bring great benefits to young women with germline BRCA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Sekine
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-2320; Fax: +81-25-227-0789
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13
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HER2-positive breast cancer in a germline BRCA1 gene large deletion carrier. Int Cancer Conf J 2021; 10:181-185. [PMID: 34221828 DOI: 10.1007/s13691-021-00481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A majority of breast cancer (BC) molecular subtype in BRCA1 variants carriers is triple-negative type. In contrast, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive BC among carriers of BRCA1 variants is rarely reported. A 42-year-old woman who previously received adjuvant endocrine therapy against left BC developed a left BC relapse and a right new primary BC. Her mother had BC and ovary cancer, and her cousin had BC. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic large deletion of exons 1-8 in BRCA1. She was diagnosed with hereditary breast and ovary cancer and underwent bilateral mastectomy. The molecular subtypes of her right and left primary BC were HER2-enriched type and luminal-HER2 type, respectively. After completion of adjuvant therapy for right BC, risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is planned. The present case makes us consider the frequency of BRCA1 large rearrangements in Japanese, the association between HER2 amplification and BRCA1 variants, and the optimal timing of RRSO in patients receiving adjuvant therapy for BC.
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14
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Ide Y, Liu L, Miura S, Inuzuka M, Akashi-Tanaka S, Sawada T, Nakamura S. Frequency of high-risk hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients was much higher in Japanese breast cancer patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations than in sporadic breast cancer patients. Breast J 2020; 27:188-190. [PMID: 33378795 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Ide
- Division of Breast Oncology, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Breast Oncology, Kikuna Memorial Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Lei Liu
- The Third Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Centre, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Sakiko Miura
- Department of Pathology, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Inuzuka
- Division of Breast Oncology, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Terumasa Sawada
- Division of Breast Oncology, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,NTT Medical Centre, Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seigo Nakamura
- Division of Breast Oncology, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,The Third Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Centre, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin, China
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