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Li R, Qiu J, Zhang Z, Qu C, Tang Z, Yu W, Tian Y, Tian H. Prognostic significance of Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review, meta-analysis and pan-cancer analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:306. [PMID: 38041068 PMCID: PMC10693146 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) is a recently discovered immune checkpoint molecule that has been linked to immunosuppression and the advancement of cancer in different types of solid tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic importance of LAG3 and its role in the immune system within solid tumors. METHODS Extensive literature searches were conducted using the Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies exploring the effect of LAG3 on survival outcomes. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the prognostic values of LAG3. Afterwards, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Pan-cancer analysis investigated the possible relationships between LAG3 expression and genetic alterations, RNA methylation modification-related genes, genomic instability, immune checkpoint genes, and infiltration of immune cells. RESULTS A total of 43 studies with 7,118 patients were included in this analysis. Higher expression of LAG3 was associated with worse overall survival (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19, P = 0.023), but not disease-free survival (HR = 1.41, 95% CI 0.96-2.07, P = 0.078), progression-free survival (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.90-1.39, P = 0.317) or recurrence-free survival (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.81-1.19, P = 0.871). Subgroup analysis showed that LAG3 might play different prognostic roles in different solid tumors. LAG3 expression was positively associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes in all of the cancers included. LAG3 expression was also found to be associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), copy number variation (CNV), simple nucleoside variation (SNV), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and neoantigen in various types of cancers. CONCLUSIONS Elevated expression of LAG3 is linked to poorer prognosis among patients diagnosed with solid cancers. LAG3 might play varying prognostic roles in different types of solid tumors. Given its substantial involvement in cancer immunity and tumorigenesis, LAG3 has garnered attention as a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhao Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chenghao Qu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanpeng Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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2
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Zhang W, Zhang K. A transcriptomic signature for prostate cancer relapse prediction identified from the differentially expressed genes between TP53 mutant and wild-type tumors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10561. [PMID: 35732666 PMCID: PMC9217948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For prostate cancer (PCa) patients, biochemical recurrence (BCR) is the first sign of disease relapse and the subsequent metastasis. TP53 mutations are relatively prevalent in advanced PCa forms. We aimed to utilize this knowledge to identify robust transcriptomic signatures for BCR prediction in patients with Gleason score ≥ 7 cancers, which cause most PCa deaths. Using the TCGA-PRAD dataset and the novel data-driven stochastic approach proposed in this study, we identified a 25-gene signature from the genes whose expression in tumors was associated with TP53 mutation statuses. The predictive strength of the signature was assessed by AUC and Fisher’s exact test p-value according to the output of support vector machine-based cross validation. For the TCGA-PRAD dataset, the AUC and p-value were 0.837 and 5 × 10–13, respectively. For five external datasets, the AUCs and p-values ranged from 0.632 to 0.794 and 6 × 10–2 to 5 × 10–5, respectively. The signature also performed well in predicting relapse-free survival (RFS). The signature-based transcriptomic risk scores (TRS) explained 28.2% of variation in RFS on average. The combination of TRS and clinicopathologic prognostic factors explained 23–72% of variation in RFS, with a median of 54.5%. Our method and findings are useful for developing new prognostic tools in PCa and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhang
- Bioinformatics Core of Xavier NIH RCMI Center of Cancer Research, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Bioinformatics Core of Xavier NIH RCMI Center of Cancer Research, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
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3
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Zhou X, Ren T, Zan H, Hua C, Guo X. Novel Immune Checkpoints in Esophageal Cancer: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864202. [PMID: 35669786 PMCID: PMC9163322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer ranks as the sixth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Due to the limited efficacy of conventional therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, treatments are still far from satisfactory in terms of survival, prompting the search for novel treatment methods. Immune checkpoints play crucial roles in immune evasion mediated by tumor cells, and successful clinical outcomes have been achieved via blocking these pathways. However, only a small fraction of patients can benefit from current immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4. Unfortunately, some patients show primary and/or acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Until now, novel immune checkpoint pathways have rarely been studied in esophageal cancer, and there is a great need for biomarkers to predict who will benefit from existing strategies. Herein, we primarily discuss the roles of new immune checkpoints as predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for esophageal cancer. In addition, we summarize the ongoing clinical trials and provide future research directions targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyin Zhou
- School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyuan Zan
- School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyan Hua, ; Xufeng Guo,
| | - Xufeng Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyan Hua, ; Xufeng Guo,
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4
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Huai Q, Guo W, Han L, Kong D, Zhao L, Song P, Peng Y, Gao S. Identification of prognostic genes and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:1787-1803. [PMID: 35116502 PMCID: PMC8797718 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that is classified as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Infiltrating stromal/immune cells, a major component of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), have prognostic significance in various cancers. METHODS In this study we investigated genes and immune factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ESCC and EAC that can serve as prognostic biomarkers. Stromal and immune scores were calculated using the Estimation of Stromal and Immune Cells in Malignant Tumor Tissues Using Expression Data (ESTIMATE) algorithm based on gene expression profiles of patient-derived tumor tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The correlation between ESTIMATE scores and survival rates in EC were analyzed. A comparison of high and low stromal/immune score groups revealed multiple differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as candidate prognostic genes; their role in immune-related biological processes was evaluated by functional and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses, and the genes were validated using Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Additionally, 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) subsets were analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULTS Median stromal score was higher whereas immune score was lower in ESCC than in EAC (both P<0.01). Stromal score was lower in female as compared to male ESCC patients (P<0.05), and was significantly correlated with T stage (P<0.05). In EAC, median immune score was higher in female as compared to male patients (P<0.05) and was correlated with tumor-node-metastasis stage (P<0.05). The identified DEGs were mainly involved in lymphocyte (especially T-lymphocyte) activation and carbohydrate binding. Moreover, the levels of infiltrating resting-stage dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, naïve B cells, activated mast cells, and resting memory CD4+ T cells were significantly correlated with EC prognosis (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The immune microenvironment of ESCC and EAC are quite different. We have found genes with prognostic value in multiple tumor databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Huai
- Department of Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liankui Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Demiao Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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5
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Mikhael M, Pasha B, Chela H, Tahan V, Daglilar E. Immunological and Metabolic Alterations in Esophageal Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:579-589. [PMID: 35086463 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220127113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common types of gastrointestinal malignancies that is encountered. It has a global distribution and affects males and females and is linked to significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying pathophysiology are multifactorial and involve the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This review article describes the immunological and metabolic changes that occur in malignancy of the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Mikhael
- University of Missouri Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Bilal Pasha
- University of Missouri Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Harleen Chela
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,2 Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Veysel Tahan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,2 Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ebubekir Daglilar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,2 Columbia, Missouri, USA
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6
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Grillo F, Mastracci L, Saragoni L, Vanoli A, Limarzi F, Gullo I, Ferro J, Paudice M, Parente P, Fassan M. Neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction. Pathologica 2021; 112:138-152. [PMID: 33179618 PMCID: PMC7931575 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) neoplasms, and their predisposing conditions, may be encountered by the practicing pathologist both as biopsy samples and as surgical specimens in daily practice. Changes in incidence of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (such as a decrease in western countries) and in oesophageal and GOJ adenocarcinomas (such as a sharp increase in western countries) are being reported globally. New modes of treatment have changed our histologic reports as specific aspects must be detailed such as in post endoscopic resections or with regards to post neo-adjuvant therapy tumour regression grades. The main aim of this overview is therefore to provide an up-to-date, easily available and clear diagnostic approach to neoplastic and pre-neoplastic conditions of the oesophagus and GOJ, based on the most recent available guidelines and literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DICS), University of Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DICS), University of Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Saragoni
- UO Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni, Forlì, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vanoli
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Limarzi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST/IRCCS), Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Irene Gullo
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ) & Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) & Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jacopo Ferro
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DICS), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Paudice
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DICS), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Parente
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy
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7
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Goedegebuure RSA, Harrasser M, de Klerk LK, van Schooten TS, van Grieken NCT, Eken M, Grifhorst MS, Pocorni N, Jordanova ES, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Pouw RE, Verheul HMW, van der Vliet JJ, van Laarhoven HWM, Thijssen VLJL, Bass AJ, De Gruijl TD, Derks S. Pre-treatment tumor-infiltrating T cells influence response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1954807. [PMID: 34377591 PMCID: PMC8344794 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1954807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a disease with dismal treatment outcomes. Response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) varies greatly. Although the underlying mechanisms of CRT resistance are not identified, accumulating evidence indicates an important role for local antitumor immunity. To explore the immune microenvironment in relation to response to CRT we performed an in-depth analysis using multiplex immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and mRNA expression analysis (NanoString) to generate a detailed map of the immunological landscape of pretreatment biopsies as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of EAC patients. Response to CRT was assessed by Mandard’s tumor regression grade (TRG), disease-free- and overall survival. Tumors with a complete pathological response (TRG 1) to neoadjuvant CRT had significantly higher tumor-infiltrating T cell levels compared to all other response groups (TRG 2–5). These T cells were also in closer proximity to tumor cells in complete responders compared to other response groups. Notably, immune profiles of near-complete responders (TRG 2) showed more resemblance to non-responders (TRG 3–5) than to complete responders. A high CD8:CD163 ratio in the tumor was associated with an improved disease-free survival. Gene expression analyses revealed that T cells in non-responders were Th2-skewed, while complete responders were enriched in cytotoxic immune cells. Finally, complete responders were enriched in circulating memory T cells. preexisting immune activation enhances the chance for a complete pathological response to neoadjuvant CRT. This information can potentially be used for future patient selection, but also fuels the development of immunomodulatory strategies to enhance CRT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S A Goedegebuure
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Nederlands
| | - M Harrasser
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Nederlands
| | - L K de Klerk
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Nederlands.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T S van Schooten
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Nederlands
| | - N C T van Grieken
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Eken
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M S Grifhorst
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Pocorni
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E S Jordanova
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M I van Berge Henegouwen
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R E Pouw
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H M W Verheul
- Radboud UMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J J van der Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,LAVA Therapeutics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H W M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V L J L Thijssen
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J Bass
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T D De Gruijl
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Derks
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Nederlands
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8
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Zang K, Hui L, Wang M, Huang Y, Zhu X, Yao B. TIM-3 as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Malignant Tumors: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Validation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:579351. [PMID: 33692946 PMCID: PMC7938756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.579351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a novel immune checkpoint molecular, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (TIM-3) is emerging as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. However, the predictive role of TIM-3 in cancer remains largely undetermined. This study was designed to investigate the role of TIM-3 in cancer. Methods Publications were searched using multiple databases. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. To further confirm the prognostic effect of TIM-3, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were applied. Functional analysis of TIM-3 was also investigated. Results 28 studies with 7284 patients with malignant tumors were identified. Based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, TIM-3 was an independent prognostic indicator for poor overall survival (OS) (HR= 1.54, 95% CI = 1.19-1.98, P = 0.001). However, TIM-3 was not correlated with cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival (DFS). Particularly, TIM-3 showed a worse prognosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma and gastric cancer; but it showed a favorable prognosis in breast cancer. Functional analysis showed that TIM-3 was closely correlated with immune responses such as T-cell activation and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, TIM-3 expression was found to be related to worse OS in 9491 TCGA patients (HR = 1.2, P < 0.001), but was not associated with DFS. Conclusions TIM-3 was an independent prognostic factor. Meanwhile, TIM-3 played a crucial role in tumor immune responses. This supports TIM-3 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Liangliang Hui
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Xingxing Zhu
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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9
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Wu JL, Zhao J, Zhang HB, Zuo WW, Li Y, Kang S. Genetic variants and expression of the TIM-3 gene are associated with clinical prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 159:270-276. [PMID: 32694063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polymorphisms of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) were reported to be associated with cancer risk and patients' survival. This study aims to investigate the correlation of TIM-3 polymorphisms with susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and patients' outcomes. METHODS A total of 700 EOC patients and 710 healthy controls from North China were included. The polymorphisms (rs10053538, rs10515746 and rs1036199) were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction/ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method. Survival data were available for 339 patients after cytoreductive surgery. The expression level of TIM-3 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The prognostic value of TIM3 in EOC patients was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. RESULTS The results showed that none of the TIM3 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of developing EOC. Patients with the rs10053538 CA + AA genotype had worse PFS and OS than those with the CC genotype (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.05-2.09, P = 0.024 and HR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.09-2.26, P = 0.017, respectively). The RT-qPCR results showed that the expression levels of TIM-3 mRNA in EOC tissues with the rs10053538CA + AA genotypes were significantly higher than those with the CC genotype (P = 0.006). Analysis using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database showed that high expression of TIM-3 mRNA was significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS in EOC patients (HR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.29-1.91, P < 0.001 and HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.06-1.63, P = 0.013, respectively). CONCLUSIONS TIM-3 polymorphisms were not associated with risk of developing EOC. Both rs10053538 and the expression level of TIM-3 mRNA may be associated with its clinical outcome in EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Shan Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
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10
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Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) seriously threatens human health, and a promising new avenue for EC treatment involves cancer immunotherapy. To improve the efficacy of EC immunotherapy and to develop novel strategies for EC prognosis prediction or clinical treatment, understanding the immune landscapes in EC is required. EC cells harbor abundant tumor antigens, including tumor-associated antigens and neoantigens, which have the ability to initiate dendritic cell-mediated tumor-killing cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the early stage of cancer development. As EC cells battle the immune system, they obtain an ability to suppress antitumor immunity through immune checkpoints, secreted factors, and negative regulatory immune cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts also contribute to the immune evasion of EC cells. Some factors of the immune landscape in EC tumor microenvironment are associated with cancer development, patient survival, or treatment response. Based on the immune landscape, peptide vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade can be used for EC immunotherapy. Combined strategies are required for better clinical outcome in EC. This review provides directions to design novel and effective strategies for prognosis prediction and immunotherapy in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Xiong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology and Shenzhen International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology and Shenzhen International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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