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Egusquiza-Alvarez CA, Moreno-Londoño AP, Alvarado-Ortiz E, Ramos-Godínez MDP, Sarabia-Sánchez MA, Castañeda-Patlán MC, Robles-Flores M. Inhibition of Multifunctional Protein p32/C1QBP Promotes Cytostatic Effects in Colon Cancer Cells by Altering Mitogenic Signaling Pathways and Promoting Mitochondrial Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2712. [PMID: 38473963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The protein p32 (C1QBP) is a multifunctional and multicompartmental homotrimer that is overexpressed in many cancer types, including colon cancer. High expression levels of C1QBP are negatively correlated with the survival of patients. Previously, we demonstrated that C1QBP is an essential promoter of migration, chemoresistance, clonogenic, and tumorigenic capacity in colon cancer cells. However, the mechanisms underlying these functions and the effects of specific C1QBP protein inhibitors remain unexplored. Here, we show that the specific pharmacological inhibition of C1QBP with the small molecule M36 significantly decreased the viability rate, clonogenic capacity, and proliferation rate of different colon cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of the inhibitor of C1QBP were cytostatic and non-cytotoxic, inducing a decreased activation rate of critical pro-malignant and mitogenic cellular pathways such as Akt-mTOR and MAPK in RKO colon cancer cells. Additionally, treatment with M36 significantly affected the mitochondrial integrity and dynamics of malignant cells, indicating that p32/C1QBP plays an essential role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Altogether, our results reinforce that C1QBP is an important oncogene target and that M36 may be a promising therapeutic drug for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Patricia Moreno-Londoño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - María Del Pilar Ramos-Godínez
- Departamento de Microscopía Electrónica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Sarabia-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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2
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Ghasemian M, Babaahmadi‐Rezaei H, Khedri A, Selvaraj C. The oncogenic role of SAMMSON lncRNA in tumorigenesis: A comprehensive review with especial focus on melanoma. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3966-3973. [PMID: 37772815 PMCID: PMC10746942 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
LncRNA Survival Associated Mitochondrial Melanoma Specific Oncogenic Non-coding RNA (SAMMSON) is located on human chromosome 3p13, and its expression is upregulated in several tumours, including melanoma, breast cancer, glioblastoma and liver cancer and has an oncogenic role in malignancy disorders. It has been reported that SAMMSON impacts metabolic regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, drug resistance, invasion and migration. Also, SAMMSON is involved in regulating several pathways such as Wnt, MAPK, PI3K, Akt, ERK and p53. SAMMSON is considered a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in several types of cancer and a suitable therapeutic target. In addition, the highly expressed SAMMSON is closely associated with clinicopathological features of various cancers. SAMMSON has a significant role in regulating epigenetic processes by regulating histone protein or the status of DNA methylation. Herein for the first time, we comprehensively summarized the currently available SAMMSON, molecular regulatory pathways, and clinical significance. We believe that clarifying all the molecular aspects of this lncRNA can be a good guide for cancer studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghasemian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Hossein Babaahmadi‐Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Azam Khedri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha UniversityChennaiTamil NaduIndia
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3
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Marin GH, Murail S, Andrini L, Garcia M, Loisel S, Tuffery P, Rebollo A. In Silico and In Vivo Studies of a Tumor-Penetrating and Interfering Peptide with Antitumoral Effect on Xenograft Models of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041180. [PMID: 37111665 PMCID: PMC10142558 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of a tumor-penetrating peptide (TPP) with a peptide able to interfere with a given protein-protein interaction (IP) is a promising strategy with potential clinical application. Little is known about the impact of fusing a TPP with an IP, both in terms of internalization and functional effect. Here, we analyze these aspects in the context of breast cancer, targeting PP2A/SET interaction, using both in silico and in vivo approaches. Our results support the fact that state-of-the-art deep learning approaches developed for protein-peptide interaction modeling can reliably identify good candidate poses for the IP-TPP in interaction with the Neuropilin-1 receptor. The association of the IP with the TPP does not seem to affect the ability of the TPP to bind to Neuropilin-1. Molecular simulation results suggest that peptide IP-GG-LinTT1 in a cleaved form interacts with Neuropilin-1 in a more stable manner and has a more helical secondary structure than the cleaved IP-GG-iRGD. Surprisingly, in silico investigations also suggest that the non-cleaved TPPs can bind the Neuropilin-1 in a stable manner. The in vivo results using xenografts models show that both bifunctional peptides resulting from the combination of the IP and either LinTT1 or iRGD are effective against tumoral growth. The peptide iRGD-IP shows the highest stability to serum proteases degradation while having the same antitumoral effect as Lin TT1-IP, which is more sensitive to proteases degradation. Our results support the development of the TPP-IP strategy as therapeutic peptides against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Marin
- Department of Pharmacology/Histology and Embryology, FMC, National University of La Plata, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Samuel Murail
- BFA, Université Paris Cite, CNRS UMR 8251, Inserm U1133, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laura Andrini
- Department of Pharmacology/Histology and Embryology, FMC, National University of La Plata, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Marcela Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology/Histology and Embryology, FMC, National University of La Plata, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | | | - Pierre Tuffery
- BFA, Université Paris Cite, CNRS UMR 8251, Inserm U1133, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Angelita Rebollo
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UTCBS, Université Paris Cite, Inserm U1267, 75006 Paris, France
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4
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Wang Q, Chai D, Sobhani N, Sun N, Neeli P, Zheng J, Tian H. C1QBP regulates mitochondrial plasticity to impact tumor progression and antitumor immune response. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1012112. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1012112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial plasticity including mitochondrial dynamics, metabolic flexibility, and mitochondrial quality control, impact tumor cells’ progression and determine immune cells’ fate. Complement C1q binding protein (C1QBP) plays an indispensable role through regulating mitochondrial morphology, metabolism, and autophagy. C1QBP promotes mitochondrial plasticity to impact tumor metastasis and their therapeutic response. At the same time, C1QBP is involved in regulating immune cells’ maturation, differentiation, and effector function through the enhancement of mitochondrial function. In this regard, manipulation of C1QBP has been shown to adjust the competitive balance between tumor cells and immune cells. In the course of evolution, mitochondrial plasticity has endowed numerous advantages against the relentless microenvironment of tumors. In this current review, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanism of C1QBP regulation of cancer and immunity. We explain this process in vision of potentially new anticancer therapies.
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5
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Bhardwaj V, He J, Jain A. Glutamine stabilizes myc via alpha-ketoglutarate and regulates paclitaxel sensitivity. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:227. [PMID: 36175776 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming wherein the cancer cells exhibit altered energetics is a hallmark of cancer. Although recent discoveries have enhanced our understanding of tumor metabolism, the therapeutic utility of targeting tumor metabolism is not yet realized. Glutamine, a non-essential amino acid, plays a critical role in regulating tumor metabolism and provides an alternative tumor energy source. In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanism regulated by glutamine and elucidate if targeting glutamine metabolism would enhance the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. Using clonogenic and cell cycle analysis, we found that deprivation of glutamine suppress the growth of cancer cells. Mechanistically we demonstrate that glutamine stabilizes myc by preventing its ubiquitination through alpha-ketoglutarate. Inhibition of glutamine metabolism enhanced the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel. Our results delineate the mechanism behind glutamine-induced myc stabilization, and they provide a viable strategy to target cancer with a glutamine metabolism inhibitor in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aditi Jain
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Egusquiza-Alvarez CA, Robles-Flores M. An approach to p32/gC1qR/HABP1: a multifunctional protein with an essential role in cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1831-1854. [PMID: 35441886 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
P32/gC1qR/HABP1 is a doughnut-shaped acidic protein, highly conserved in eukaryote evolution and ubiquitous in the organism. Although its canonical subcellular localization is the mitochondria, p32 can also be found in the cytosol, nucleus, cytoplasmic membrane, and it can be secreted. Therefore, it is considered a multicompartmental protein. P32 can interact with many physiologically divergent ligands in each subcellular location and modulate their functions. The main ligands are C1q, hyaluronic acid, calreticulin, CD44, integrins, PKC, splicing factor ASF/SF2, and several microbial proteins. Among the functions in which p32 participates are mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics, apoptosis, splicing, immune response, inflammation, and modulates several cell signaling pathways. Notably, p32 is overexpressed in a significant number of epithelial tumors, where its expression level negatively correlates with patient survival. Several studies of gain and/or loss of function in cancer cells have demonstrated that p32 is a promoter of malignant hallmarks such as proliferation, cell survival, chemoresistance, angiogenesis, immunoregulation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. All of this strongly suggests that p32 is a potential diagnostic molecule and therapeutic target in cancer. Indeed, preclinical advances have been made in developing therapeutic strategies using p32 as a target. They include tumor homing peptides, monoclonal antibodies, an intracellular inhibitor, a p32 peptide vaccine, and p32 CAR T cells. These advances are promising and will allow soon to include p32 as part of targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
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7
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p32 promotes melanoma progression and metastasis by targeting EMT markers, Akt/PKB pathway, and tumor microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1012. [PMID: 34711805 PMCID: PMC8553772 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma originates from melanin-producing cells called melanocytes. Melanoma poses a great risk because of its rapid ability to spread and invade new organs. Cellular metastasis involves alteration in the gene expression profile and their transformation from epithelial to mesenchymal state. Despite of several advances, metastatic melanoma being a key cause of therapy failure and mortality remains poorly understood. p32 has been found to be involved in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, the role of p32 in melanoma progression and metastasis remains underexplored. Here, we identify the role of p32 in the malignancy of both murine and human melanoma. p32 knockdown leads to reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in murine and human melanoma cells. Furthermore, p32 promotes in vitro tumorigenesis, inducing oncogenes and EMT markers. Mechanistically, we show p32 regulates tumorigenic and metastatic properties through the Akt/PKB signaling pathway in both murine and human melanoma. Furthermore, p32 silencing attenuates melanoma tumor progression and lung metastasis in vivo, modulating the tumor microenvironment by inhibiting the angiogenesis, infiltration of macrophages, and leukocytes in mice. Taken together, our findings identify that p32 drives melanoma progression, metastasis, and regulates the tumor microenvironment. p32 can be a target of a novel therapeutic approach in the regulation of melanoma progression and metastasis.
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8
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MYC Rules: Leading Glutamine Metabolism toward a Distinct Cancer Cell Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174484. [PMID: 34503295 PMCID: PMC8431116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last decade, metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a driving characteristic of cancer cells. The MYC oncogene, a transcription factor, has become of growing interest as a fundamental driver of differential cancer cell metabolism. Furthermore, the non-essential amino acid glutamine is deemed to be an important nutrient for cancer cells. In fact, glutamine can integrate into a wide variety of metabolic pathways, from energy metabolism to nucleotide synthesis. This review offers a comprehensive and specific overview of recent discoveries in the regulation of MYC oncogene activation on glutamine metabolism in cancer cells. Abstract Metabolic reprogramming and deregulated cellular energetics are hallmarks of cancer. The aberrant metabolism of cancer cells is thought to be the product of differential oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. MYC is one of the most important oncogenic drivers, its activation being reported in a variety of cancer types and sub-types, among which are the most prevalent and aggressive of all malignancies. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview and highlight the importance of the c-Myc transcription factor on the regulation of metabolic pathways, in particular that of glutamine and glutaminolysis. Glutamine can be extensively metabolized into a variety of substrates and be integrated in a complex metabolic network inside the cell, from energy metabolism to nucleotide and non-essential amino acid synthesis. Together, understanding metabolic reprogramming and its underlying genetic makeup, such as MYC activation, allows for a better understanding of the cancer cell phenotype and thus of the potential vulnerabilities of cancers from a metabolic standpoint.
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9
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Simón‐Gracia L, Sidorenko V, Uustare A, Ogibalov I, Tasa A, Tshubrik O, Teesalu T. Novel Anthracycline Utorubicin for Cancer Therapy. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:17155-17164. [PMID: 38505658 PMCID: PMC10947310 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel anticancer compounds and their precision delivery systems are actively developed to create potent and well-tolerated anticancer therapeutics. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel anthracycline, Utorubicin (UTO), and its preclinical development as an anticancer payload for nanocarriers. Free UTO was significantly more toxic to cultured tumor cell lines than the clinically used anthracycline, doxorubicin. Nanoformulated UTO, encapsulated in polymeric nanovesicles (polymersomes, PS), reduced the viability of cultured malignant cells and this effect was potentiated by functionalization with a tumor-penetrating peptide (TPP). Systemic peptide-guided PS showed preferential accumulation in triple-negative breast tumor xenografts implanted in mice. At the same systemic UTO dose, the highest UTO accumulation in tumor tissue was seen for the TPP-targeted PS, followed by nontargeted PS, and free doxorubicin. Our study suggests potential applications for UTO in the treatment of malignant diseases and encourages further preclinical and clinical studies on UTO as a nanocarrier payload for precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Simón‐Gracia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuRavila 14b50411TartuEstonia
| | - Valeria Sidorenko
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuRavila 14b50411TartuEstonia
| | | | | | | | | | - Tambet Teesalu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuRavila 14b50411TartuEstonia
- Cancer Research CenterSanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute10901 North Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA92037USA
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of CellMolecular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA93106USA
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10
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Simón‐Gracia L, Sidorenko V, Uustare A, Ogibalov I, Tasa A, Tshubrik O, Teesalu T. Novel Anthracycline Utorubicin for Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17018-17027. [PMID: 33908690 PMCID: PMC8362190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel anticancer compounds and their precision delivery systems are actively developed to create potent and well-tolerated anticancer therapeutics. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel anthracycline, Utorubicin (UTO), and its preclinical development as an anticancer payload for nanocarriers. Free UTO was significantly more toxic to cultured tumor cell lines than the clinically used anthracycline, doxorubicin. Nanoformulated UTO, encapsulated in polymeric nanovesicles (polymersomes, PS), reduced the viability of cultured malignant cells and this effect was potentiated by functionalization with a tumor-penetrating peptide (TPP). Systemic peptide-guided PS showed preferential accumulation in triple-negative breast tumor xenografts implanted in mice. At the same systemic UTO dose, the highest UTO accumulation in tumor tissue was seen for the TPP-targeted PS, followed by nontargeted PS, and free doxorubicin. Our study suggests potential applications for UTO in the treatment of malignant diseases and encourages further preclinical and clinical studies on UTO as a nanocarrier payload for precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Simón‐Gracia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuRavila 14b50411TartuEstonia
| | - Valeria Sidorenko
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuRavila 14b50411TartuEstonia
| | | | | | | | | | - Tambet Teesalu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuRavila 14b50411TartuEstonia
- Cancer Research CenterSanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute10901 North Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA92037USA
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of CellMolecular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA93106USA
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11
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Rousso-Noori L, Mastandrea I, Talmor S, Waks T, Globerson Levin A, Haugas M, Teesalu T, Alvarez-Vallina L, Eshhar Z, Friedmann-Morvinski D. P32-specific CAR T cells with dual antitumor and antiangiogenic therapeutic potential in gliomas. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3615. [PMID: 34127674 PMCID: PMC8203650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is considered one of the most aggressive malignancies in adult and pediatric patients. Despite decades of research no curative treatment is available and it thus remains associated with a very dismal prognosis. Although recent pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cell immunotherapeutic approach in glioblastoma, tumor heterogeneity and antigen loss remain among one of the most important challenges to be addressed. In this study, we identify p32/gC1qR/HABP/C1qBP to be specifically expressed on the surface of glioma cells, making it a suitable tumor associated antigen for redirected CAR T cell therapy. We generate p32 CAR T cells and find them to recognize and specifically eliminate p32 expressing glioma cells and tumor derived endothelial cells in vitro and to control tumor growth in orthotopic syngeneic and xenograft mouse models. Thus, p32 CAR T cells may serve as a therapeutic option for glioblastoma patients. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been proposed as a promising approach for treating glioblastoma. Here the authors show that p32 is expressed in murine and human glioma and that p32-directed CAR-T cells promote anti-tumor responses in preclinical models by targeting glioma cells and tumor derived endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Rousso-Noori
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ignacio Mastandrea
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shauli Talmor
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tova Waks
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (TASMC), Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Maarja Haugas
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zelig Eshhar
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (TASMC), Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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12
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Wu H, Chu Y, Sun S, Li G, Xu S, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Gao S, Wang Q, Zhang J, Pang D. Hypoxia-Mediated Complement 1q Binding Protein Regulates Metastasis and Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Modulates the PKC-NF-κB-VCAM-1 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:607142. [PMID: 33708767 PMCID: PMC7940382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.607142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Complement 1q binding protein (C1QBP/HABP1/p32/gC1qR) has been found to be overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the underlying mechanisms of high C1QBP expression and its role in TNBC remain largely unclear. Hypoxia is a tumor-associated microenvironment that promotes metastasis and paclitaxel (PTX) chemoresistance in tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to assess C1QBP expression and explore its role in hypoxia-related metastasis and chemoresistance in TNBC. Materials and Methods RNA-sequencing of TNBC cells under hypoxia was performed to identify C1QBP. The effect of hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) on C1QBP expression was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. The role of C1QBP in mediating metastasis, chemoresistance to PTX, and regulation of metastasis-linked vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression were studied using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Clinical tissue microarrays were used to verify the correlation of C1QBP with the expression of HIF-1α, VCAM-1, and RELA proto-oncogene nuclear factor-kappa B subunit (P65). Results We found that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α upregulated C1QBP. The inhibition of C1QBP notably blocked metastasis of TNBC cells and increased their sensitivity to PTX under hypoxic conditions. Depletion of C1QBP decreased VCAM-1 expression by reducing the amount of P65 in the nucleus and suppressed the activation of hypoxia-induced protein kinase C-nuclear factor-kappa B (PKC-NF-κB) signaling.immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of the tissue microarray showed positive correlations between the C1QBP level and those of HIF-1α, P65, and VCAM-1. Conclusion Targeting C1QBP along with PTX treatment might be a potential treatment for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yijun Chu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guozheng Li
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yongdong Jiang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Song Gao
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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13
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Targeting Cancer Metabolism and Current Anti-Cancer Drugs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:15-48. [PMID: 33725343 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have exploited the metabolic hallmarks that distinguish between normal and cancer cells, aiming at identifying specific targets of anti-cancer drugs. It has become apparent that metabolic flexibility allows cancer cells to survive during high anabolic demand or the depletion of nutrients and oxygen. Cancers can reprogram their metabolism to the microenvironments by increasing aerobic glycolysis to maximize ATP production, increasing glutaminolysis and anabolic pathways to support bioenergetic and biosynthetic demand during rapid proliferation. The increased key regulatory enzymes that support the relevant pathways allow us to design small molecules which can specifically block activities of these enzymes, preventing growth and metastasis of tumors. In this review, we discuss metabolic adaptation in cancers and highlight the crucial metabolic enzymes involved, specifically those involved in aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, de novo fatty acid synthesis, and bioenergetic pathways. Furthermore, we also review the success and the pitfalls of the current anti-cancer drugs which have been applied in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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14
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Simon‐Gracia L, Savier E, Parizot C, Brossas JY, Loisel S, Teesalu T, Conti F, Charlotte F, Scatton O, Aoudjehane L, Rebollo A. Bifunctional Therapeutic Peptides for Targeting Malignant B Cells and Hepatocytes: Proof of Concept in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Simon‐Gracia
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu 50411 Estonia
| | - Eric Savier
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, AP‐HP Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Paris 75013 France
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, ICAN Paris 75006 France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- Department of Immunology, AP‐HP Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Paris 75013 France
| | - Jean Yves Brossas
- Department of Parasitology, AP‐HP Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Paris 75013 France
| | - Severine Loisel
- Service Général des plateformes, Animalerie Commune Université de Brest Brest 29238 France
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu 50411 Estonia
- Cancer Research Center Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- Center for Nanomedicine University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Filomena Conti
- Sorbonne Université INSERM, ICAN Paris 75006 France
- Department of Medical Liver Transplantation AP‐HP Pitié‐Salpêtrière Paris 75013 France
| | - Frederic Charlotte
- Department of Anatomophatoloty, AP‐HP Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Paris 75013 France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, AP‐HP Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Paris 75013 France
| | | | - Angelita Rebollo
- Inserm U1267, CNRS‐UMR 8258, Faculté de Pharmacie Paris 75006 France
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15
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Nguyen T, Kirsch BJ, Asaka R, Nabi K, Quinones A, Tan J, Antonio MJ, Camelo F, Li T, Nguyen S, Hoang G, Nguyen K, Udupa S, Sazeides C, Shen YA, Elgogary A, Reyes J, Zhao L, Kleensang A, Chaichana KL, Hartung T, Betenbaugh MJ, Marie SK, Jung JG, Wang TL, Gabrielson E, Le A. Uncovering the Role of N-Acetyl-Aspartyl-Glutamate as a Glutamate Reservoir in Cancer. Cell Rep 2020; 27:491-501.e6. [PMID: 30970252 PMCID: PMC6472703 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) is a peptide-based neurotransmitter that has been extensively studied in many neurological diseases. In this study, we show a specific role of NAAG in cancer. We found that NAAG is more abundant in higher grade cancers and is a source of glutamate in cancers expressing glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), the enzyme that hydrolyzes NAAG to glutamate and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA). Knocking down GCPII expression through genetic alteration or pharmacological inhibition of GCPII results in a reduction of both glutamate concentrations and cancer growth. Moreover, targeting GCPII in combination with glutaminase inhibition accentuates these effects. These findings suggest that NAAG serves as an important reservoir to provide glutamate to cancer cells through GCPII when glutamate production from other sources is limited. Thus, GCPII is a viable target for cancer therapy, either alone or in combination with glutaminase inhibition. Nguyen et al. show that NAAG is more abundant in higher grade cancers and a source of glutamate in cancers expressing GCPII, the enzyme that hydrolyzes NAAG to glutamate and NAA. The results suggest that GCPII is a viable target for cancer therapy, either alone or in combination with glutaminase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brian James Kirsch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ryoichi Asaka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Karim Nabi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Addison Quinones
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jessica Tan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Felipe Camelo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Giang Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kiet Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sunag Udupa
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christos Sazeides
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yao-An Shen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amira Elgogary
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juvenal Reyes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andre Kleensang
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kaisorn Lee Chaichana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Suely K Marie
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jin G Jung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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16
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Obara-Michlewska M, Szeliga M. Targeting Glutamine Addiction in Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020310. [PMID: 32013066 PMCID: PMC7072559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common malignant brain tumors are those of astrocytic origin, gliomas, with the most aggressive glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) among them. Despite efforts, medicine has not made progress in terms of the prognosis and life expectancy of glioma patients. Behind the malignant phenotype of gliomas lies multiple genetic mutations leading to reprogramming of their metabolism, which gives those highly proliferating cells an advantage over healthy ones. The so-called glutamine addiction is a metabolic adaptation that supplements oxidative glycolysis in order to secure neoplastic cells with nutrients and energy in unfavorable conditions of hypoxia. The present review aims at presenting the research and clinical attempts targeting the different metabolic pathways involved in glutamine metabolism in gliomas. A brief description of the biochemistry of glutamine transport, synthesis, and glutaminolysis, etc. will forego a detailed comparison of the therapeutic strategies undertaken to inhibit glutamine utilization by gliomas.
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17
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Karatsai O, Stasyk O, Redowicz MJ. Effects of Arginine and Its Deprivation on Human Glioblastoma Physiology and Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:243-258. [PMID: 32034717 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The observations that numerous cancers are characterized by impairment in arginine synthesis and that deficit of exogenous arginine specifically affects their growth and viability are the ground for arginine deprivation-based anticancer treatment strategy. This review addresses molecular mechanisms of the human glioblastoma cell response to arginine deprivation. Our earlier studies have shown that arginine deprivation specifically impairs glioblastoma cell motility, adhesion and invasiveness. These changes were evoked by alterations in the actin cytoskeleton organization resulting from a decreased arginylation of β-actin isoform. Moreover, deficit of arginine induces prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response, not leading, however, to a massive apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Our current research indicates that cell death could be augmented by other compounds such as modulators of ER stress, for example arginine analogue of plant origin, canavanine. Implication of these studies on the development of new anti-glioma metabolic therapeutic modalities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Karatsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oleh Stasyk
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Maria Jolanta Redowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Ma J, Ren C, Yang H, Zhao J, Wang F, Wan Y. The Expression Pattern of p32 in Sheep Muscle and Its Role in Differentiation, Cell Proliferation, and Apoptosis of Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205161. [PMID: 31635221 PMCID: PMC6829534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement 1q binding protein C (C1QBP), also known as p32, is highly expressed in rapidly growing tissues and plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, there are no data interpreting its mechanisms in muscle development. To investigate the role of p32 in sheep muscle development, an 856 bp cDNA fragment of p32 containing an 837 bp coding sequence that encodes 278 amino acids was analyzed. We then revealed that the expression of p32 in the longissimus and quadricep muscles of fetal sheep was more significantly up-regulated than expression at other developmental stages. Furthermore, we found that the expression of p32 was increased during myoblasts differentiation in vitro. Additionally, the knockdown of p32 in sheep myoblasts effectively inhibited myoblast differentiation, proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. The interference of p32 also changed the energy metabolism from Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis and activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in sheep myoblasts in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that p32 plays a vital role in the development of sheep muscle and provides a potential direction for future research on muscle development and some muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Ma
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Caifang Ren
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yongjie Wan
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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19
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Hoang G, Udupa S, Le A. Application of metabolomics technologies toward cancer prognosis and therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 347:191-223. [PMID: 31451214 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Altered metabolism is one of the defining features of cancer. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect in 1924, research into the metabolic aspects of cancer has been reinvigorated over the past decade. Metabolomics is an invaluable tool for gaining insights into numerous biochemical processes including those related to cancer metabolism and metabolic aspects of other diseases. The combination of untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches has greatly facilitated the discovery of many cancer biomarkers with prognostic potential. Using mass spectrometry-based stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) with isotopic labeling, a powerful tool used in pathway analysis, researchers have discovered novel cancer metabolic pathways and metabolic targets for therapeutic application. Metabolomics technologies provide invaluable metabolic insights reflecting cancer progression in coordination with genomics and proteomics aspects. The systematic study of metabolite levels in the metabolome and their dynamics within a biological organism has been, in recent years, applied across a wide range of fields. Metabolomics technologies have been applied to both early clinical trials and pre-clinical research in several essential aspects of human health. This chapter will give an overview of metabolomics technologies and their application in the discovery of novel pathways using isotopic labeled and non-labeled metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sunag Udupa
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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20
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Peptide-guided nanoparticles for glioblastoma targeting. J Control Release 2019; 308:109-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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21
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Barna J, Dimén D, Puska G, Kovács D, Csikós V, Oláh S, Udvari EB, Pál G, Dobolyi Á. Complement component 1q subcomponent binding protein in the brain of the rat. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4597. [PMID: 30872665 PMCID: PMC6418184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement component 1q subcomponent binding protein (C1qbp) is a multifunctional protein involved in immune response, energy homeostasis of cells as a plasma membrane receptor, and a nuclear, cytoplasmic or mitochondrial protein. Recent reports suggested its neuronal function, too, possibly in axon maintenance, synaptic function, and neuroplasticity. Therefore, we addressed to identify C1qbp in the rat brain using in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunolabelling at light and electron microscopic level. C1qbp has a topographical distribution in the brain established by the same pattern of C1qbp mRNA-expressing and protein-containing neurons with the highest abundance in the cerebral cortex, anterodorsal thalamic nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and arcuate nuclei, spinal trigeminal nucleus. Double labelling of C1qbp with the neuronal marker NeuN, with the astrocyte marker S100, and the microglia marker Iba1 demonstrated the presence of C1qbp in neurons but not in glial cells in the normal brain, while C1qbp appeared in microglia following their activation induced by focal ischemic lesion. Only restricted neurons expressed C1qbp, for example, in the PVN, magnocellular neurons selectively contained C1qbp. Further double labelling by using the mitochondria marker Idh3a antibody suggested the mitochondrial localization of C1qbp in the brain, confirmed by correlated light and electron microscopy at 3 different brain regions. Post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy also suggested uneven C1qbp content of mitochondria in different brain areas but also heterogeneity within single neurons. These data suggest a specific function of C1qbp in the brain related to mitochondria, such as the regulation of local energy supply in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Barna
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Dimén
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gina Puska
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kovács
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Csikós
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Oláh
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina B Udvari
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Pál
- Hungarian Defence Forces Military Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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22
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HIV infection and latency induce a unique metabolic signature in human macrophages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3941. [PMID: 30850623 PMCID: PMC6408492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, a major barrier to curing HIV infection is the generation of tissue-associated, non-replicating, long-lasting viral reservoirs that are refractory to therapy and can be reactivated upon anti-retroviral therapy interruption. One of these reservoirs are latently HIV-infected macrophages. Here, we show that HIV infection of macrophages results in survival of a small population of infected cells that are metabolically altered and characterized by mitochondrial fusion, lipid accumulation, and reduced mitochondrial ATP production. No changes in glycolysis were detected. Metabolic analysis indicated an essential role of succinate and other TCA metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in mediating lipid accumulation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the mitochondria. Furthermore, we show that while uninfected and HIV infected macrophages use fatty acids and glucose as primary sources of energy, surviving HIV infected macrophages also use glutamine/glutamate as a major energy source, and blocking these new sources of energy resulted in the killing of latent HIV infected macrophages. Together, our data provide a new understanding of the formation, properties, and potential novel ways to eliminate macrophage viral reservoirs.
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23
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Xie ZB, Yao L, Jin C, Zhang YF, Fu DL. High cytoplasm HABP1 expression as a predictor of poor survival and late tumor stage in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2019; 45:207-212. [PMID: 30389300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronan-binding protein 1 (HABP1) overexpression has been confirmed in different malignancies and found to be strongly associated with tumor development and progression. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of HABP1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. METHOD HABP1 expression was evaluated in 89 PDAC specimens. RESULTS The expression of HABP1 was significantly higher in tumor tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. High nucleus HABP1 expression and high cytoplasm HABP1 expression were both detected in PDAC tissues. Overall survival analysis by optical density showed that the mean survival was similar between patients with low and high optical density values of HABP1 expression (P = 0.312). The similar result was also found between patients with low-moderate or high nucleus HABP1 expression (P = 0.275). However, the mean survival was significantly poorer in patients with cytoplasm HABP1 overexpression (P < 0.001). High cytoplasm HABP1 expression was strongly correlated with late tumor stages, arterial involvement, lymph node metastasis and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels. CONCLUSION High cytoplasm HABP1 expression may prove to be a predictor of poor survival and late tumor stage in PDAC patients. HABP1 could serve as a promising biomarker to identify subsets of PDAC patients with high malignant clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Xie
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lie Yao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - De-Liang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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24
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SAMMSON fosters cancer cell fitness by concertedly enhancing mitochondrial and cytosolic translation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:1035-1046. [PMID: 30374086 PMCID: PMC6223542 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Synchronization of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic translation rates is critical for the maintenance of cellular fitness, with cancer cells being especially vulnerable to translational uncoupling. Although alterations of cytosolic protein synthesis are common in human cancer, compensating mechanisms in mitochondrial translation remain elusive. Here we show that the malignant long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SAMMSON promotes a balanced increase in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation and protein synthesis in the cytosol and mitochondria by modulating the localization of CARF, an RNA-binding protein that sequesters the exo-ribonuclease XRN2 in the nucleoplasm, which under normal circumstances limits nucleolar rRNA maturation. SAMMSON interferes with XRN2 binding to CARF in the nucleus by favoring the formation of an aberrant cytoplasmic RNA-protein complex containing CARF and p32, a mitochondrial protein required for the processing of the mitochondrial rRNAs. These data highlight how a single oncogenic lncRNA can simultaneously modulate RNA-protein complex formation in two distinct cellular compartments to promote cell growth.
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25
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Xu X, Meng Y, Li L, Xu P, Wang J, Li Z, Bian J. Overview of the Development of Glutaminase Inhibitors: Achievements and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2018; 62:1096-1115. [PMID: 30148361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that glutamine metabolism has become the main energy and building blocks supply for the growth and viability of a potentially large subset of malignant tumors. The glutamine metabolism often depends upon mitochondrial glutaminase (GLS) activity, which converts glutamine to glutamate and serves as a significant role for bioenergetic processes. Thus, recently, the GLS has become a key target for small molecule therapeutic intervention. Numerous medicinal chemistry studies are currently aimed at the design of novel and potent inhibitors for GLS, however, to date, only one compound (named CB-839) have entered clinical trials for the treatment of advanced solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The perspective summarizes the progress in the discovery and development of GLS inhibitors, including the potential binding site, biochemical techniques for inhibitor identification, and approaches for identifying small-molecule inhibitors, as well as future therapeutic perspectives in glutamine metabolism are also put forward in order to provide reference and rational for the drug discovery of novel and potent glutamine metabolism modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Jubo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 21009 , P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 21009 , P. R. China
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Saha P, Datta K. Multi-functional, multicompartmental hyaluronan-binding protein 1 (HABP1/p32/gC1qR): implication in cancer progression and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29535843 PMCID: PMC5828189 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex, multi-factorial, multi-stage disease and a global threat to human health. Early detection of nature and stage of cancer is highly crucial for disease management. Recent studies have proved beyond any doubt about the involvement of the ubiquitous, myriad ligand binding, multi-functional human protein, hyaluronan-binding protein 1 (HABP1), which is identical to the splicing factor associated protein (p32) and the receptor of the globular head of the complement component (gC1qR) in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. Simultaneously three laboratories have discovered and named this protein separately as mentioned. Subsequently, different scientists have worked on the distinct functions in cellular processes ranging from immunological response, splicing mechanism, sperm-oocyte interactions, cell cycle regulation to cancer and have concentrated in their respective area of interest, referring it as either p32 or gC1qR or HABP1. HABP1 overexpression has been reported in almost all the tissue-specific forms of cancer and correlated with stage and poor prognosis in patients. In order to tackle this deadly disease and for therapeutic intervention, it is imperative to focus on all the regulatory aspects of this protein. Hence, this work is an attempt to combine an assortment of information on this protein to have an overview, which suggests its use as a diagnostic marker for cancer. The knowledge might assist in the designing of drugs for therapeutic intervention of HABP1/p32/gC1qR regulated specific ligand mediated pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Saha
- Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kasturi Datta
- Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Yenugonda V, Nomura N, Kouznetsova V, Tsigelny I, Fogal V, Nurmemmedov E, Kesari S, Babic I. A novel small molecule inhibitor of p32 mitochondrial protein overexpressed in glioma. J Transl Med 2017; 15:210. [PMID: 29047383 PMCID: PMC5648515 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial protein p32 is a validated therapeutic target of cancer overexpressed in glioma. Therapeutic targeting of p32 with monoclonal antibody or p32-binding LyP-1 tumor-homing peptide can limit tumor growth. However, these agents do not specifically target mitochondrial-localized p32 and would not readily cross the blood-brain barrier to target p32-overexpressing gliomas. Identifying small molecule inhibitors of p32 overexpressed in cancer is a more rational therapeutic strategy. Thus, in this study we employed a pharmacophore modeling strategy to identify small molecules that could bind and inhibit mitochondrial p32. METHODS A pharmacophore model of C1q and LyP-1 peptide association with p32 was used to screen a virtual compound library. A primary screening assay for inhibitors of p32 was developed to identify compounds that could rescue p32-dependent glutamine-addicted glioma cells from glutamine withdrawal. Inhibitors from this screen were analyzed for direct binding to p32 by fluorescence polarization assay and protein thermal shift. Affect of the p32 inhibitor on glioma cell proliferation was assessed by Alamar Blue assay, and affect on metabolism was examined by measuring lactate secretion. RESULTS Identification of a hit compound (M36) validates the pharmacophore model. M36 binds directly to p32 and inhibits LyP-1 tumor homing peptide association with p32 in vitro. M36 effectively inhibits the growth of p32 overexpressing glioma cells, and sensitizes the cells to glucose depletion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a novel screening strategy to identify potential inhibitors of mitochondrial p32 protein overexpressed in glioma. High throughput screening employing this strategy has potential to identify highly selective, potent, brain-penetrant small molecules amenable for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Yenugonda
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Natsuko Nomura
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - Igor Tsigelny
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - Ivan Babic
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
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Saha P, Kaul R, Datta K. Human gene encoding hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1/p32/gC1qR): involvement in signaling cascade. THE NUCLEUS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-017-0207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Targeting MYC Dependence by Metabolic Inhibitors in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040114. [PMID: 28362357 PMCID: PMC5406861 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a critical growth regulatory gene that is commonly overexpressed in a wide range of cancers. Therapeutic targeting of MYC transcriptional activity has long been a goal, but it has been difficult to achieve with drugs that directly block its DNA-binding ability. Additional approaches that exploit oncogene addiction are promising strategies against MYC-driven cancers. Also, drugs that target metabolic regulatory pathways and enzymes have potential for indirectly reducing MYC levels. Glucose metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, which can be targeted by multiple agents, promote cell growth and MYC expression. Likewise, modulation of the signaling pathways and protein synthesis regulated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) can also be an effective route for suppressing MYC translation. Furthermore, recent data suggest that metabolism of nucleotides, fatty acids and glutamine are exploited to alter MYC levels. Combination therapies offer potential new approaches to overcome metabolic plasticity caused by single agents. Although potential toxicities must be carefully controlled, new inhibitors currently being tested in clinical trials offer significant promise. Therefore, as both a downstream target of metabolism and an upstream regulator, MYC is a prominent central regulator of cancer metabolism. Exploiting metabolic vulnerabilities of MYC-driven cancers is an emerging research area with translational potential.
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30
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Rais R, Jančařík A, Tenora L, Nedelcovych M, Alt J, Englert J, Rojas C, Le A, Elgogary A, Tan J, Monincová L, Pate K, Adams R, Ferraris D, Powell J, Majer P, Slusher BS. Discovery of 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) Prodrugs with Enhanced CSF Delivery in Monkeys: A Potential Treatment for Glioblastoma. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8621-33. [PMID: 27560860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON, 1) has shown robust anticancer efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies, but its development was halted due to marked systemic toxicities. Herein we demonstrate that DON inhibits glutamine metabolism and provides antitumor efficacy in a murine model of glioblastoma, although toxicity was observed. To enhance DON's therapeutic index, we utilized a prodrug strategy to increase its brain delivery and limit systemic exposure. Unexpectedly, simple alkyl ester-based prodrugs were ineffective due to chemical instability cyclizing to form a unique diazo-imine. However, masking both DON's amine and carboxylate functionalities imparted sufficient chemical stability for biological testing. While these dual moiety prodrugs exhibited rapid metabolism in mouse plasma, several provided excellent stability in monkey and human plasma. The most stable compound (5c, methyl-POM-DON-isopropyl-ester) was evaluated in monkeys, where it achieved 10-fold enhanced cerebrospinal fluid to plasma ratio versus DON. This strategy may provide a path to DON utilization in glioblastoma multiforme patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrej Jančařík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. , Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Tenora
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. , Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lenka Monincová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. , Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Dana Ferraris
- Department of Chemistry, McDaniel College , Westminster, Maryland 21157, United States
| | | | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. , Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Dependence on glutamine uptake and glutamine addiction characterize myeloma cells: a new attractive target. Blood 2016; 128:667-79. [PMID: 27268090 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-690743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of glutamine (Gln) metabolism in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and its potential role as a therapeutic target are still unknown, although it has been reported that human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) are highly sensitive to Gln depletion. In this study, we found that both HMCLs and primary bone marrow (BM) CD138(+) cells produced large amounts of ammonium in the presence of Gln. MM patients have lower BM plasma Gln with higher ammonium and glutamate than patients with indolent monoclonal gammopathies. Interestingly, HMCLs expressed glutaminase (GLS1) and were sensitive to its inhibition, whereas they exhibited negligible expression of glutamine synthetase (GS). High GLS1 and low GS expression were also observed in primary CD138(+) cells. Gln-free incubation or treatment with the glutaminolytic enzyme l-asparaginase depleted the cell contents of Gln, glutamate, and the anaplerotic substrate 2-oxoglutarate, inhibiting MM cell growth. Consistent with the dependence of MM cells on extracellular Gln, a gene expression profile analysis, on both proprietary and published datasets, showed an increased expression of the Gln transporters SNAT1, ASCT2, and LAT1 by CD138(+) cells across the progression of monoclonal gammopathies. Among these transporters, only ASCT2 inhibition in HMCLs caused a marked decrease in Gln uptake and a significant fall in cell growth. Consistently, stable ASCT2 downregulation by a lentiviral approach inhibited HMCL growth in vitro and in a murine model. In conclusion, MM cells strictly depend on extracellular Gln and show features of Gln addiction. Therefore, the inhibition of Gln uptake is a new attractive therapeutic strategy for MM.
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32
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Hartl M. The Quest for Targets Executing MYC-Dependent Cell Transformation. Front Oncol 2016; 6:132. [PMID: 27313991 PMCID: PMC4889588 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC represents a transcription factor with oncogenic potential converting multiple cellular signals into a broad transcriptional response, thereby controlling the expression of numerous protein-coding and non-coding RNAs important for cell proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Constitutive activation of MYC leads to neoplastic cell transformation, and deregulated MYC alleles are frequently observed in many human cancer cell types. Multiple approaches have been performed to isolate genes differentially expressed in cells containing aberrantly activated MYC proteins leading to the identification of thousands of putative targets. Functional analyses of genes differentially expressed in MYC-transformed cells had revealed that so far more than 40 upregulated or downregulated MYC targets are actively involved in cell transformation or tumorigenesis. However, further systematic and selective approaches are required for determination of the known or yet unidentified targets responsible for processing the oncogenic MYC program. The search for critical targets in MYC-dependent tumor cells is exacerbated by the fact that during tumor development, cancer cells progressively evolve in a multistep process, thereby acquiring their characteristic features in an additive manner. Functional expression cloning, combinatorial gene expression, and appropriate in vivo tests could represent adequate tools for dissecting the complex scenario of MYC-specified cell transformation. In this context, the central goal is to identify a minimal set of targets that suffices to phenocopy oncogenic MYC. Recently developed genomic editing tools could be employed to confirm the requirement of crucial transformation-associated targets. Knowledge about essential MYC-regulated genes is beneficial to expedite the development of specific inhibitors to interfere with growth and viability of human tumor cells in which MYC is aberrantly activated. Approaches based on the principle of synthetic lethality using MYC-overexpressing cancer cells and chemical or RNAi libraries have been employed to search for novel anticancer drugs, also leading to the identification of several druggable targets. Targeting oncogenic MYC effector genes instead of MYC may lead to compounds with higher specificities and less side effects. This class of drugs could also display a wider pharmaceutical window because physiological functions of MYC, which are important for normal cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation would be less impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hartl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
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Minchenko OH, Kharkova AP, Minchenko DO, Karbovskyi LL. Expression of IGFBP6, IGFBP7, NOV, CYR61, WISP1 and WISP2 genes in U87 glioma cells in glutamine deprivation condition. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2016; 88:66-77. [PMID: 29235329 DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied gene expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in U87 glioma cells upon glutamine deprivation depending on the inhibition of IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme-1), a central mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress. We have shown that exposure of control glioma cells upon glutamine deprivation leads to down-regulation of NOV/IGFBP9, WISP1 and WISP2 gene expressions and up-regulation of CYR61/IGFBP10 gene expression at the mRNA level. At the same time, the expression of IGFBP6 and IGFBP7 genes in control glioma cells was resistant to glutamine deprivation. It was also shown that the inhibition of IRE1 modifies the effect of glutamine deprivation on the expression of all studied genes. Thus, the inhibition of IRE1 signaling enzyme enhances the effect of glutamine deprivation on the expression of CYR61 and WISP1 genes and suppresses effect of the deprivation on WISP2 gene expression in glioma cells. Moreover, the inhibition of IRE1 introduces sensitivity of the expression of IGFBP6 and IGFBP7 genes to glutamine deprivation and removes this sensitivity to NOV gene. We have also demonstrated that the expression of all studied genes in glioma cells growing with glutamine is regulated by IRE1 signaling enzyme, because the inhibition of IRE1 significantly down-regulates IGFBP6 and NOV genes and up-regulates IGFBP7, CYR61, WISP1, and WISP2 genes as compared to control glioma cells. The present study demonstrates that glutamine deprivation condition affects most studied IGFBP and WISP gene expressions in relation to IRE1 signaling enzyme function and possibly contributes to slower glioma cell proliferation upon inhibition of IRE1.
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Melanoma addiction to the long non-coding RNA SAMMSON. Nature 2016; 531:518-22. [DOI: 10.1038/nature17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Riabovol OO. IRE1 KNOCKDOWN MODIFIES THE GLUTAMINE AND GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION EFFECT ON THE EXPRESSION OF NUCLEAR GENES ENCODING MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS IN U87 GLIOMA CELLS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech9.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Abstract
Two opposing models have been proposed to describe the function of the MYC oncoprotein in shaping cellular transcriptomes: one posits that MYC amplifies transcription at all active loci; the other that MYC differentially controls discrete sets of genes, the products of which affect global transcript levels. Here, we argue that differential gene regulation by MYC is the sole unifying model that is consistent with all available data. Among other effects, MYC endows cells with physiological and metabolic changes that have the potential to feed back on global RNA production, processing and turnover. The field is progressing steadily towards a full characterization of the MYC-regulated genes and pathways that mediate these biological effects and - by the same token - endow MYC with its pervasive oncogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia R Kress
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) and Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Sabò
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) and Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Amati
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) and Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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