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Mirisola MG, Longo VD. Yeast Chronological Lifespan: Longevity Regulatory Genes and Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101714. [PMID: 35626750 PMCID: PMC9139625 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
S. cerevisiae plays a pivotal role as a model system in understanding the biochemistry and molecular biology of mammals including humans. A considerable portion of our knowledge on the genes and pathways involved in cellular growth, resistance to toxic agents, and death has in fact been generated using this model organism. The yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) is a paradigm to study age-dependent damage and longevity. In combination with powerful genetic screening and high throughput technologies, the CLS has allowed the identification of longevity genes and pathways but has also introduced a unicellular “test tube” model system to identify and study macromolecular and cellular damage leading to diseases. In addition, it has played an important role in studying the nutrients and dietary regimens capable of affecting stress resistance and longevity and allowing the characterization of aging regulatory networks. The parallel description of the pro-aging roles of homologs of RAS, S6 kinase, adenylate cyclase, and Tor in yeast and in higher eukaryotes in S. cerevisiae chronological survival studies is valuable to understand human aging and disease. Here we review work on the S. cerevisiae chronological lifespan with a focus on the genes regulating age-dependent macromolecular damage and longevity extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario G. Mirisola
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Valter D. Longo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (V.D.L.)
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Dakik P, Rodriguez MEL, Junio JAB, Mitrofanova D, Medkour Y, Tafakori T, Taifour T, Lutchman V, Samson E, Arlia-Ciommo A, Rukundo B, Simard É, Titorenko VI. Discovery of fifteen new geroprotective plant extracts and identification of cellular processes they affect to prolong the chronological lifespan of budding yeast. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2182-2203. [PMID: 32577164 PMCID: PMC7289529 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a quest for previously unknown geroprotective natural chemicals, we used a robust cell viability assay to search for commercially available plant extracts that can substantially prolong the chronological lifespan of budding yeast. Many of these plant extracts have been used in traditional Chinese and other herbal medicines or the Mediterranean and other customary diets. Our search led to a discovery of fifteen plant extracts that significantly extend the longevity of chronologically aging yeast not limited in calorie supply. We show that each of these longevity-extending plant extracts is a geroprotector that decreases the rate of yeast chronological aging and promotes a hormetic stress response. We also show that each of the fifteen geroprotective plant extracts mimics the longevity-extending, stress-protecting, metabolic and physiological effects of a caloric restriction diet but if added to yeast cultured under non-caloric restriction conditions. We provide evidence that the fifteen geroprotective plant extracts exhibit partially overlapping effects on a distinct set of longevity-defining cellular processes. These effects include a rise in coupled mitochondrial respiration, an altered age-related chronology of changes in reactive oxygen species abundance, protection of cellular macromolecules from oxidative damage, and an age-related increase in the resistance to long-term oxidative and thermal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Dakik
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | | | - Darya Mitrofanova
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Younes Medkour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tala Tafakori
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tarek Taifour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vicky Lutchman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Eugenie Samson
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Belise Rukundo
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Éric Simard
- Idunn Technologies Inc., Rosemere, Quebec J7A 4A5, Canada
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