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Elbadawy M, Tanabe K, Yamamoto H, Ishihara Y, Mochizuki M, Abugomaa A, Yamawaki H, Kaneda M, Usui T, Sasaki K. Evaluation of the efficacy of mitochondrial fission inhibitor (Mdivi-1) using non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) liver organoids. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243258. [PMID: 37900170 PMCID: PMC10600465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is known to progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in some patients. Although NASH is associated with abnormal mitochondrial function related to lipid metabolism, mechanisms for the development and effective treatments are still unclear. Therefore, new approaches to elucidate the pathophysiology are needed. In the previous study, we generated liver organoids from different stages of NASH model mice that could recapitulate the part of NASH pathology. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between mitochondrial function and NASH disease by comparing NASH liver organoids (NLO) and control liver organoids (CLO). Compared with CLO, mitochondrial and organoid morphology was abnormal in NLO, with increased expression of mitochondrial mitogen protein, DRP1, and mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Treatment of NLO with a DPR1 inhibitor, Mdivi-1 resulted in the improvement of morphology and the decreased expression of fibrosis-related markers, Col1a1 and Acta2. In addition, treatment of NASH model mice with Mdivi-1 showed a decrease in fatty liver. Mdivi-1 treatment also prevented fibrosis and ROS production in the liver. These results indicate that NLO undergoes enhanced metabolism and abnormal mitochondrial morphology compared with CLO. It was also suggested that Mdivi-1 may be useful as a therapeutic agent to ameliorate NASH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kiwamu Tanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haru Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Single cell transcriptomic analysis reveals cellular diversity of murine esophageal epithelium. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2167. [PMID: 35443762 PMCID: PMC9021266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although morphologic progression coupled with expression of specific molecular markers has been characterized along the esophageal squamous differentiation gradient, the molecular heterogeneity within cell types along this trajectory has yet to be classified at the single cell level. To address this knowledge gap, we perform single cell RNA-sequencing of 44,679 murine esophageal epithelial, to identify 11 distinct cell populations as well as pathways alterations along the basal-superficial axis and in each individual population. We evaluate the impact of aging upon esophageal epithelial cell populations and demonstrate age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. We compare single cell transcriptomic profiles in 3D murine organoids and human esophageal biopsies with that of murine esophageal epithelium. Finally, we employ pseudotemporal trajectory analysis to develop a working model of cell fate determination in murine esophageal epithelium. These studies provide comprehensive molecular perspective on the cellular heterogeneity of murine esophageal epithelium in the context of homeostasis and aging. The level of cellular diversity in the esophageal epithelium has yet to be classified at the single cell level. Here the authors analyze the transcriptome of 44,679 murine esophageal keratinocytes to identify an unexpected level of cellular heterogeneity.
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Angireddy R, Chowdhury AR, Zielonka J, Ruthel G, Kalyanaraman B, Avadhani NG. Alcohol-induced CYP2E1, mitochondrial dynamics and retrograde signaling in human hepatic 3D organoids. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:1-14. [PMID: 32738395 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol toxicity is a significant health problem with ~3 million estimated deaths per year globally. Alcohol is metabolized to the toxic metabolite, acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase or CYP2E1 in the hepatic tissue, and also induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which together play a pivotal role in cell and tissue damage. Our previous studies with COS-7 cells transduced with unique human CYP2E1 variants that mostly localize to either microsomes or mitochondria revealed that mitochondrially-localized CYP2E1 drives alcohol toxicity through the generation of higher levels of ROS, which has a consequent effect on cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) and mitochondrial oxidative function. Alcohol treatment of human hepatocyte cell line, HepaRG, in monolayer cultures increased ROS, affected CcO activity/stability, and induced mitophagy. Alcohol treatment of 3D organoids of HepaRG cells induced higher levels of CYP2E1 mRNA and activated mitochondrial stress-induced retrograde signaling, and also induced markers of hepatic steatosis. Knock down of CYP2E1 mRNA using specific shRNA, FK506, a Calcineurin inhibitor, and Mdivi-1, a DRP1 inhibitor, ameliorated alcohol-induced mitochondrial retrograde signaling, and hepatic steatosis. These results for the first time present a mechanistic link between CYP2E1 function and alcohol mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, retrograde signaling, and activation of hepatic steatosis in a 3D organoid system that closely recapitulates the in vivo liver response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Angireddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anindya Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and, Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary Center for Imaging, Hill Pavilion, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and, Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Chowdhury AR, Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B, Hartley RC, Murphy MP, Avadhani NG. Mitochondria-targeted paraquat and metformin mediate ROS production to induce multiple pathways of retrograde signaling: A dose-dependent phenomenon. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101606. [PMID: 32604037 PMCID: PMC7327929 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is also a target of ROS, with an implied role in the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and induction of the AMPK pathway. Here we used varying doses of two agents, Mito-Paraquat and Mito-Metformin, that have been conjugated to cationic triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) moiety to selectively target them to the mitochondrial matrix compartment, thereby resulting in the site-specific generation of ROS within mitochondria. These agents primarily induce superoxide (O2•-) production by acting on complex I. In Raw264.7 macrophages, C2C12 skeletal myocytes, and HCT116 adenocarcinoma cells, we show that mitochondria-targeted oxidants can induce ROS (O2•- and H2O2). In all three cell lines tested, the mitochondria-targeted agents disrupted membrane potential and activated calcineurin and the Cn-dependent retrograde signaling pathway. Hypoxic culture conditions also induced Cn activation and HIF1α activation in a temporally regulated manner, with the former appearing at shorter exposure times. Together, our results indicate that mitochondrial oxidant-induced retrograde signaling is driven by disruption of membrane potential and activation of Ca2+/Cn pathway and is independent of ROS-induced HIF1α or AMPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, UK
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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