1
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Recapitulation of prostate tissue cell type-specific transcriptomes by an in vivo primary prostate tissue xenograft model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233899. [PMID: 32584883 PMCID: PMC7316257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the normal functions and diseases of the prostate request in vivo models that maintain the tissue architecture and the multiple-cell type compartments of human origin in order to recapitulate reliably the interactions of different cell types. Cell type-specific transcriptomes are critical to reveal the roles of each cell type in the functions and diseases of the prostate. A primary prostate tissue xenograft model was developed using fresh human prostate tissue specimens transplanted onto male mice that were castrated surgically and implanted with a device to maintain circulating testosterone levels comparable to adult human males. Endothelial cells and epithelial cells were isolated from 7 fresh human prostate tissue specimens and from primary tissue xenografts established from 9 fresh human prostate tissue specimens, using antibody-conjugated magnetic beads specific to human CD31 and human EpCAM, respectively. Transcriptomes of endothelial, epithelial and stromal cell fractions were obtained using RNA-Seq. Global and function-specific gene expression profiles were compared in inter-cell type and inter-tissue type manners. Gene expression profiles in the individual cell types isolated from xenografts were similar to those of cells isolated from fresh tissue, demonstrating the value of the primary tissue xenograft model for studies of the inter-relationships between prostatic cell types and the role of such inter-relationships in organ development, disease progression, and response to drug treatments.
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2
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Nomura S, Morimoto Y, Tsujimoto H, Arake M, Harada M, Saitoh D, Hara I, Ozeki E, Satoh A, Takayama E, Hase K, Kishi Y, Ueno H. Highly reliable, targeted photothermal cancer therapy combined with thermal dosimetry using a near-infrared absorbent. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9765. [PMID: 32555349 PMCID: PMC7299938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) using a photo-absorbent in the near-infrared (NIR) region is an effective methodology for local cancer treatment. Before PTT using a NIR absorbent is executed, the operator generally determines the two parameters of fluence rate and irradiation time. However, even if the irradiation parameters are unchanged, the therapeutic effect of PTT is often different for individual tumors. Hence, we examined the therapeutic effect of PTT using a NIR absorbent (ICG lactosome) while changing two parameters (fluence rate and irradiation time) in various combinations. As a result, there was no robust correlation between those parameters and the therapeutic effect. Compared to those parameters, we found that a more reliable determinant was maintenance of the tumor temperature above 43 °C during NIR irradiation. To reconfirm the significance of the determinant, we developed a new system that can regulate the temperature at the NIR irradiation site at a constant level. By using the new system, we verified the treatment outcomes for tumors in which the NIR absorbent had accumulated. All of the tumors that had been kept at 43 °C during NIR irradiation were cured, while none of the tumors that had been kept at a temperature below 41 °C were cured. In conclusion, PTT using a NIR absorbent with thermal dosimetry is a highly reliable treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nomura
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yuji Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Hironori Tsujimoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Masashi Arake
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Manabu Harada
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Isao Hara
- Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ozeki
- Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Ayano Satoh
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-0082, Japan
| | - Eiji Takayama
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hase
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yoji Kishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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3
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Villani V, Thornton ME, Zook HN, Crook CJ, Grubbs BH, Orlando G, De Filippo R, Ku HT, Perin L. SOX9+/PTF1A+ Cells Define the Tip Progenitor Cells of the Human Fetal Pancreas of the Second Trimester. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1249-1264. [PMID: 31631582 PMCID: PMC6877773 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in recent years in characterizing human multipotent progenitor cells (hMPCs) of the early pancreas; however, the identity and persistence of these cells during the second trimester, after the initiation of branching morphogenesis, remain elusive. Additionally, studies on hMPCs have been hindered by few isolation methods that allow for the recovery of live cells. Here, we investigated the tip progenitor domain in the branched epithelium of human fetal pancreas between 13.5 and 17.5 gestational weeks by immunohistological staining. We also used a novel RNA-based technology to isolate live cells followed by gene expression analyses. We identified cells co-expressing SOX9 and PTF1A, two transcription factors known to be important for pancreatic MPCs, within the tips of the epithelium and observed a decrease in their proportions over time. Pancreatic SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells were enriched for MPC markers, including MYC and GATA6. These cells were proliferative and appeared active in branching morphogenesis and matrix remodeling, as evidenced by gene set enrichment analysis. We identified a hub of genes pertaining to the expanding tip progenitor niche, such as FOXF1, GLI3, TBX3, FGFR1, TGFBR2, ITGAV, ITGA2, and ITGB3. YAP1 of the Hippo pathway emerged as a highly enriched component within the SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells. Single-cell RNA-sequencing further corroborated the findings by identifying a cluster of SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells with multipotent characteristics. Based on these results, we propose that the SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells in the human pancreas are uncommitted MPC-like cells that reside at the tips of the expanding pancreatic epithelium, directing self-renewal and inducing pancreatic organogenesis. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1249&1264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of UrologySaban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Matthew E. Thornton
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Heather N. Zook
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular TherapeuticsDiabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological SciencesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christiana J. Crook
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular TherapeuticsDiabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological SciencesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Department of SurgeryWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Roger De Filippo
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of UrologySaban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Urology, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular TherapeuticsDiabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological SciencesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of UrologySaban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Urology, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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4
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Toptygina AP, Zakirov RS, Kapitanova KS, Semikina EL. Detection of Small Subsets of CD4 + Lymphocytes with SmartFlare Nanoprobes. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 168:270-274. [PMID: 31784846 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SmartFlare technology allows detection of mRNA in single living cells. We studied the possibility of using SmartFlare nanoprobes for detection of small subsets of CD4+ lymphocytes. It was found that SmartFlare allows detection of transcriptional master regulators of major CD4+T helper subsets in living human lymphocytes. Nanoprobes labeled with Cy5 fluorophore were better detected by flow cytometry than nanoprobes labeled with Cy3. Appropriate time of lymphocyte incubation with SmartFlare probes was 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Toptygina
- G. N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia.
| | - R Sh Zakirov
- National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - K S Kapitanova
- G. N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia
| | - E L Semikina
- National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Voskamp C, van de Peppel J, Gasparini S, Giannoni P, van Leeuwen JPTM, van Osch GJVM, Narcisi R. Sorting living mesenchymal stem cells using a TWIST1 RNA-based probe depends on incubation time and uptake capacity. Cytotechnology 2019; 72:37-45. [PMID: 31728801 PMCID: PMC7002702 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are multipotent progenitors of particular interest for cell-based tissue engineering therapies. However, one disadvantage that limit their clinical use is their heterogeneity. In the last decades a great effort was made to select BMSC subpopulations based on cell surface markers, however there is still no general consensus on which markers to use to obtain the best BMSCs for tissue regeneration. Looking for alternatives we decided to focus on a probe-based method to detect intracellular mRNA in living cells, the SmartFlare technology. This technology does not require fixation of the cells and allows us to sort living cells based on gene expression into functionally different populations. However, since the technology is available it is debated whether the probes specifically recognize their target mRNAs. We validated the TWIST1 probe and demonstrated that it specifically recognizes TWIST1 in BMSCs. However, differences in probe concentration, incubation time and cellular uptake can strongly influence signal specificity. In addition we found that TWIST1high expressing cells have an increased expansion rate compared to TWIST1low expressing cells derived
from the same initial population of BMSCs. The SmartFlare probes recognize their target gene, however for each probe and cell type validation of the protocol is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Voskamp
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Simona Gasparini
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Giannoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Thornton S, Tan R, Sproles A, Do T, Schick J, Grom AA, DeLay M, Schulert GS. A Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis Panel to Assess CD163 mRNA and Protein in Monocyte and Macrophage Populations in Hyperinflammatory Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1635-1643. [PMID: 30683706 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD163 facilitates regulation and resolution of inflammation and removal of free hemoglobin and is highly expressed in myeloid cells from patients with inflammatory disorders, such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Our recent studies indicate that regulation of CD163 mRNA expression is a key functional property of polarized monocytes and macrophages and is mediated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level, including via microRNAs. The goal of the current study is to develop a multiparameter flow cytometry panel incorporating detection of CD163 mRNA for polarized monocyte and macrophage populations in disorders such as SJIA and MAS. THP-1 cells and CD14+ human monocytes were stained using fluorochrome-conjugated Abs to myeloid surface markers, along with CD163 mRNA. Staining for mRNA could reliably detect CD163 expression while simultaneously detecting different macrophage populations using Abs targeting CD14, CD64, CD80, CD163, and CD209. This approach was found to be highly sensitive for increased mRNA expression when macrophages were polarized with IL-10 [M(IL-10)], with a strong signal over a broad range of IL-10 concentrations, and showed distinct kinetics of CD163 mRNA and protein induction upon IL-10 stimulation. Finally, this panel demonstrated clear changes in polarization markers in unstimulated monocytes from patients with SJIA and MAS, including upregulated CD163 mRNA and increased CD64 expression. This approach represents a robust and sensitive system for RNA flow cytometry, useful for studying CD163 expression as part of a multimarker panel for human monocytes and macrophages, with broad applicability to the pathogenesis of hyperinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Thornton
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Rachel Tan
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Alyssa Sproles
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Thuy Do
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Jonathan Schick
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Alexei A Grom
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Monica DeLay
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Grant S Schulert
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
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7
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The Promising Effects of Transplanted Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Treatment in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29:1689-1692. [PMID: 30234712 PMCID: PMC6200375 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported the recovery ability of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) for neural diseases. In this study, the authors explored the roles of UC-MSCs to treat the traumatic brain injury. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from healthy neonatal rat umbilical cord immediately after delivery. The traumatic brain injury (TBI) model was formed by the classical gravity method. The authors detected the behavior changes and measured the levels of inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-lβ and tumor necrosis factor-α by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after transplantation between TBI treated and untreated with UC-MSCs. Simultaneously, the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by real-time-polymerase chain reaction and ELISA.The authors found that the group of transplantation UC-MSCs has a significant improvement than other group treated by phosphate buffered saline. In the behavioral test, the Neurological Severity Scores of UC-MSCs + TBI group were lower than TBI group (P < 0.05), but not obviously higher than control group at 2, 3, and 4week, respectively. The inflammatory factors are significantly reduced comparison with TBI group (P < 0.05), but both GDNF and BDNF were higher than TBI group (P < 0.05). The results indicated that UC-MSCs might play an important role in TBI recovery through inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and increasing the expression of GDNF and BDNF.
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8
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Delcourt V, Franck J, Quanico J, Gimeno JP, Wisztorski M, Raffo-Romero A, Kobeissy F, Roucou X, Salzet M, Fournier I. Spatially-Resolved Top-down Proteomics Bridged to MALDI MS Imaging Reveals the Molecular Physiome of Brain Regions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:357-372. [PMID: 29122912 PMCID: PMC5795397 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.065755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue spatially-resolved proteomics was performed on 3 brain regions, leading to the characterization of 123 reference proteins. Moreover, 8 alternative proteins from alternative open reading frames (AltORF) were identified. Some proteins display specific post-translational modification profiles or truncation linked to the brain regions and their functions. Systems biology analysis performed on the proteome identified in each region allowed to associate sub-networks with the functional physiology of each brain region. Back correlation of the proteins identified by spatially-resolved proteomics at a given tissue localization with the MALDI MS imaging data, was then performed. As an example, mapping of the distribution of the matrix metallopeptidase 3-cleaved C-terminal fragment of α-synuclein (aa 95–140) identified its specific distribution along the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Taken together, we established the molecular physiome of 3 rat brain regions through reference and hidden proteome characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Delcourt
- From the ‡Laboratoire Proteomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - INSERM U1192, Université Lille 1, Bât SN3, 1 étage, Cité Scientifique, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.,§Département de Biochimie Lab. Z8-2001, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Julien Franck
- From the ‡Laboratoire Proteomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - INSERM U1192, Université Lille 1, Bât SN3, 1 étage, Cité Scientifique, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Jusal Quanico
- From the ‡Laboratoire Proteomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - INSERM U1192, Université Lille 1, Bât SN3, 1 étage, Cité Scientifique, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Gimeno
- From the ‡Laboratoire Proteomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - INSERM U1192, Université Lille 1, Bât SN3, 1 étage, Cité Scientifique, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Maxence Wisztorski
- From the ‡Laboratoire Proteomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - INSERM U1192, Université Lille 1, Bât SN3, 1 étage, Cité Scientifique, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Antonella Raffo-Romero
- From the ‡Laboratoire Proteomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - INSERM U1192, Université Lille 1, Bât SN3, 1 étage, Cité Scientifique, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- ¶Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Xavier Roucou
- §Département de Biochimie Lab. Z8-2001, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Michel Salzet
- From the ‡Laboratoire Proteomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - INSERM U1192, Université Lille 1, Bât SN3, 1 étage, Cité Scientifique, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France;
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- From the ‡Laboratoire Proteomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - INSERM U1192, Université Lille 1, Bât SN3, 1 étage, Cité Scientifique, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France;
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9
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Czarnek M, Bereta J. SmartFlares fail to reflect their target transcripts levels. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11682. [PMID: 28916792 PMCID: PMC5600982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SmartFlare probes have recently emerged as a promising tool for visualisation and quantification of specific RNAs in living cells. They are supposed to overcome the common drawbacks of current methods for RNA analysis: the need of cell fixation or lysis, or the requirements for genetic manipulations. In contrast to the traditional methods, SmartFlare probes are also presumed to provide information on RNA levels in single cells. Disappointingly, the results of our comprehensive study involving probes specific to five different transcripts, HMOX1, IL6, PTGS2, Nrg1, and ERBB4, deny the usefulness of SmartFlare probes for RNA analysis. We report a total lack of correlation between fluorescence intensities of SmartFlare probes and the levels of corresponding RNAs assessed by RT-qPCR. To ensure strong differences in the levels of analysed RNAs, their expression was modified via: (i) HMOX1-knockdown generated by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, (ii) hemin-mediated stimulation of HMOX1- and IL1β-mediated stimulation of IL6- and PTGS2 transcription, (iii) lentiviral vector-mediated Nrg1 overexpression. Additionally, ERBB4-specific SmartFlare probe failed to distinguish between ERBB4-expressing and non-expressing cell lines. Finally, we demonstrated that fluorescence intensity of HMOX1-specific SmartFlare probe corresponds to the efficacy of its uptake and/or accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Czarnek
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bereta
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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10
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Tamura M, Sugiura S, Takagi T, Satoh T, Sumaru K, Kanamori T, Okada T, Matsui H. Morphology-based optical separation of subpopulations from a heterogeneous murine breast cancer cell line. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179372. [PMID: 28665963 PMCID: PMC5493304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding tumor heterogeneity is an urgent and unmet need in cancer research. In this study, we used a morphology-based optical cell separation process to classify a heterogeneous cancer cell population into characteristic subpopulations. To classify the cell subpopulations, we assessed their morphology in hydrogel, a three-dimensional culture environment that induces morphological changes according to the characteristics of the cells (i.e., growth, migration, and invasion). We encapsulated the murine breast cancer cell line 4T1E, as a heterogeneous population that includes highly metastatic cells, in click-crosslinkable and photodegradable gelatin hydrogels, which we developed previously. We observed morphological changes within 3 days of encapsulating the cells in the hydrogel. We separated the 4T1E cell population into colony- and granular-type cells by optical separation, in which local UV-induced degradation of the photodegradable hydrogel around the target cells enabled us to collect those cells. The obtained colony- and granular-type cells were evaluated in vitro by using a spheroid assay and in vivo by means of a tumor growth and metastasis assay. The spheroid assay showed that the colony-type cells formed compact spheroids in 2 days, whereas the granular-type cells did not form spheroids. The tumor growth assay in mice revealed that the granular-type cells exhibited lower tumor growth and a different metastasis behavior compared with the colony-type cells. These results suggest that morphology-based optical cell separation is a useful technique to classify a heterogeneous cancer cell population according to its cellular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tamura
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Sugiura
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takagi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taku Satoh
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kimio Sumaru
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kanamori
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okada
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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11
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Snowden E, Porter W, Hahn F, Ferguson M, Tong F, Parker JS, Middlebrook A, Ghanekar S, Dillmore WS, Blaesius R. Immunophenotyping and Transcriptomic Outcomes in PDX-Derived TNBC Tissue. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 15:429-438. [PMID: 28039356 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0286-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer tissue functions as an ecosystem of a diverse set of cells that interact in a complex tumor microenvironment. Genomic tools applied to biopsies in bulk fail to account for this tumor heterogeneity, whereas single-cell imaging methods limit the number of cells which can be assessed or are very resource intensive. The current study presents methods based on flow cytometric analysis and cell sorting using known cell surface markers (CXCR4/CD184, CD24, THY1/CD90) to identify and interrogate distinct groups of cells in triple-negative breast cancer clinical biopsy specimens from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The results demonstrate that flow cytometric analysis allows a relevant subgrouping of cancer tissue and that sorting of these subgroups provides insights into cancer cell populations with unique, reproducible, and functionally divergent gene expression profiles. The discovery of a drug resistance signature implies that uncovering the functional interaction between these populations will lead to deeper understanding of cancer progression and drug response.Implications: PDX-derived human breast cancer tissue was investigated at the single-cell level, and cell subpopulations defined by surface markers were identified which suggest specific roles for distinct cellular compartments within a solid tumor. Mol Cancer Res; 15(4); 429-38. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Snowden
- BD Technologies, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Warren Porter
- BD Technologies, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- BD Technologies, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Frances Tong
- BD Technologies, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Rainer Blaesius
- BD Technologies, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina.
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12
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Krönig M, Nanko N, Drendel V, Werner M, Schultze-Seemann W, Grosu AL, Jilg AC. Single punch, double biopsy. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1456. [PMID: 27652032 PMCID: PMC5005218 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In lethal primary metastatic prostate cancer, biopsy material is often the only accessible cancer tissue. Lack of tissue quantity limited the use of biopsy cores for analyzing higher numbers of molecular markers and standard histopathologic evaluation for clinical diagnosis simultaneously. Recent advances in single cell analytics have paved the way to characterize a tumor in more depth from minute input material such as biopsies. We therefore aimed to develop a biopsy needle, which generates two cores side by side from the same punch: one for standard histopathologic analysis to allow for routine diagnostics and the second one for single cell analytics. METHODS On the basis of a conventional punch biopsy needle we have milled two parallel longitudinal rifts into the needles shat which are separated by a 100 µm thick metal sheet. Each rift can harbor a single tissue core. RESULTS Two cores from the same punch were generated reproducibly from a radical prostatectomy specimen and showed congruent results in histopathologic analysis. Both cores yielded equally sufficient material for standard H&E staining and histopathological evaluation. CONCLUSION Our modified biopsy system will allow for simultaneous acquisition of tissue cores for diagnostic and scientific analysis from solid tumors or metastatic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Krönig
- Department of Urology, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Nanko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Drendel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Breisacher Strasse 155a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Breisacher Strasse 155a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schultze-Seemann
- Department of Urology, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anca L. Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. Cordula Jilg
- Department of Urology, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Hu M, Peng S, He Y, Qin M, Cong X, Xing Y, Liu M, Yi Z. Lycorine is a novel inhibitor of the growth and metastasis of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15348-61. [PMID: 25915156 PMCID: PMC4558156 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycorine, a natural alkaloid extracted from the Amaryllidaceae plant family, has been reported to exhibit a wide range of physiological effects, including the potential effect against cancer. However, the anti-prostate cancer (PCa) efficacy of Lycorine remains unrevealed. In this context, we figured out Lycorine's anti-proliferative and anti-migratory properties for PCa treatment. Lycorine inhibited proliferation of various PCa cell lines, induced cell apoptosis and cell death. Here we showed that Lycorine decreased proliferation, migration, invasion, survival and EMT of prostate cancer cell lines. Subcutaneous and orthotopic xenotransplantations by ectopic implantation of the human hormone-refractory PC-3M-luc cells were used to confirm in vivo anticancer effects of Lycorine. Lycorine inhibited both growth and metastasis in multiple organs (liver, lung, kidney, spleen and bone) in vivo and improved mice survival. Lycorine prevented EGF-induced JAK/STAT signaling. Importantly, anti-cancer effects of Lycorine were dependent on STAT expression. We suggest that Lycorine is a potential therapeutic in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shihong Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaonan Cong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yajing Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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14
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Live detection and purification of cells based on the expression of a histone chaperone, HIRA, using a binding peptide. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17218. [PMID: 26596463 PMCID: PMC4657044 DOI: 10.1038/srep17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowcytometry is a reliable method for identification and purification of live cells from a heterogeneous population. Since permeabilized cells cannot be sorted live in a FACS sorter, its application in isolation of functional cells largely depends on antibodies for surface markers. In various fields of biology we find intracellular markers that reveal subpopulations of biological significance. Cell cycle stage specific molecules, metastatic signature molecules, stemness associated proteins etc. are examples of potential markers that could improve the research and therapy enormously. Currently their use is restricted by lack of techniques that allow live detection. Even though a few methods like aptamers, droplet-based microfluidics and smartflares are reported, their application is limited. Here, for the first time we report a simple, cost-effective and efficient method of live sorting of cells based on the expression of an intracellular marker using a fluorophore-tagged binding peptide. The target molecule selected was a histone chaperone, HIRA, the expression of which can predict the fate of differentiating myoblast. Our results confirm that the peptide shows specific interaction with its target; and it can be used to separate cells with differential expression of HIRA. Further, this method offers high purity and viability for the isolated cells.
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15
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Levy R, Held M, Mason D, Comenge J, Carolan G, Cowman S. The Spherical Nucleic Acids mRNA Detection Paradox. SCIENCEOPEN RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-chem.az1mju.v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
<p>From the 1950s onwards, our understanding of the formation and intracellular trafficking of membrane vesicles was informed by experiments in which cells were exposed to gold nanoparticles and their uptake and localisation, studied by electron microscopy. In the last decade, building on progress in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their controlled functionalisation with a large variety of biomolecules (DNA, peptides, polysaccharides), new applications have been proposed, including the imaging and sensing of intracellular events. Yet, as already demonstrated in the 1950s, uptake of nanoparticles results in confinement within an intracellular vesicle which in principle should preclude sensing of cytosolic events. To study this apparent paradox, we focus on a commercially available nanoparticle probe that detects mRNA through the release of a fluorescently-labelled oligonucleotide (unquenching the fluorescence) in the presence of the target mRNA. Using electron, fluorescence and photothermal microscopy, we show that the probes remain in endocytic compartments and that they do not report on mRNA level. We suggest that the validation of any nanoparticle-based probes for intracellular sensing should include a quantitative and thorough demonstration that the probes can reach the cytosolic compartment.</p>
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