Inhibition of SYK kinase does not confer a pro-proliferative or pro-invasive phenotype in breast epithelium or breast cancer cells

Review and prospects of targeted therapies for Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. The dysregulation of SYK is closely related to the occurrence and development of allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. SYK has become an attractive target for drug discovery due to its important biological functions. This article reviews the biological function of SYK, the relationship between SYK and disease, and therapies targeting SYK. In addition, inspired by new technologies such as proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and phosphatase recruiting chimeras (PHORCs), we propose the development of new therapeutic approaches for targeting SYK, such as SYK PROTACs and SYK PHORCs, which may overcome deficiencies of existing methods.

Involvement of the AKT Pathway in Resistance to Erlotinib and Cabozantinib in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Resistance to protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) presents a significant challenge in therapeutic target development for cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where conventional therapies are ineffective at combatting systemic disease. Due to increased expression, the receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and c-Met are potential targets for treatment. However, targeted anti-EGFR and anti-c-Met therapies have faced mixed results in clinical trials due to acquired resistance. We hypothesize that adaptive responses in regulatory kinase networks within the EGFR and c-Met signaling axes contribute to the development of acquired erlotinib and cabozantinib resistance. To test this, we developed two separate models for cabozantinib and erlotinib resistance using the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines, respectively. We observed that erlotinib- or cabozantinib-resistant cell lines demonstrate enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and activation of EGFR or c-Met downstream signaling (respectively). Using a SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino acids in Cell Culture)-labeled quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics approach, we assessed the effects of erlotinib or cabozantinib resistance on the phosphoproteome, proteome, and kinome. Using this integrated proteomics approach, we identified several potential kinase mediators of cabozantinib resistance and confirmed the contribution of AKT1 to erlotinib resistance in TNBC-resistant cell lines.

The spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK): A crucial therapeutic target for diverse liver diseases

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is an enigmatic protein tyrosine kinase, and involved in signal transduction related with lots of cellular processes. It's highly expressed in the cells of hematopoietic origin and acts as an important therapeutic target in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergic disorders. In recent years, more and more evidences indicate that SYK is expressed in non-hematopoietic cells and effectively regulates various non-immune biological responses as well. In this review, we mainly summary the role of SYK in different liver diseases. Robust SYK expression has been discovered in hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, as well as Kupffer cells, which participates in the regulation of numerous signal transduction in various liver diseases (e.g. hepatitis, liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). In addition, the blockage of SYK activity using small molecule modulators is considered as a significant therapeutic strategy against liver diseases, and both hepatic SYK and non-hepatic SYK could become highly promising therapeutic targets. Totally, even though some critical points about the significance of SYK in liver diseases treatment still need further elaboration, more reliable biotechnical or pharmacological therapy modes will be established based on the better understanding of the relationship between SYK and liver diseases.

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitor PRT062607 protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss and breast cancer-induced bone destruction

Osteolytic diseases, including breast cancer-induced osteolysis and postmenopausal osteoporosis, are attributed to excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is involved in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, whose role in breast cancer though remains controversial. Effects of PRT062607 (PRT), a highly specific inhibitor of SYK, on the osteoclast and breast cancer functionalities are yet to be clarified. This study demonstrated the in vitro inhibitory actions of PRT on the osteoclast-specific gene expression, bone resorption, and osteoclastogenesis caused by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), as well as its in vitro suppressive effects on the growth, migration and invasion of breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231, which were achieved through PLCγ2 and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways. Further, we proved that PRT could prevent post-ovariectomy (OVX) loss of bone and breast cancer-induced bone destruction in vivo, which agreed with the in vitro outcomes. In conclusion, our findings suggest the potential value of PRT in managing osteolytic diseases mediated by osteoclasts.

MiBiOmics: an interactive web application for multi-omics data exploration and integration

Background

Multi-omics experimental approaches are becoming common practice in biological and medical sciences underlining the need to design new integrative techniques and applications to enable the multi-scale characterization of biological systems. The integrative analysis of heterogeneous datasets generally allows to acquire additional insights and generate novel hypotheses about a given biological system. However, it can become challenging given the often-large size of omics datasets and the diversity of existing techniques. Moreover, visualization tools for interpretation are usually non-accessible to biologists without programming skills.

Results

Here, we present MiBiOmics, a web-based and standalone application that facilitates multi-omics data visualization, exploration, integration, and analysis by providing easy access to dedicated and interactive protocols. It implements classical ordination techniques and the inference of omics-based (multilayer) networks to mine complex biological systems, and identify robust biomarkers linked to specific contextual parameters or biological states.

Conclusions

MiBiOmics provides easy-access to exploratory ordination techniques and to a network-based approach for integrative multi-omics analyses through an intuitive and interactive interface. MiBiOmics is currently available as a Shiny app at https://shiny-bird.univ-nantes.fr/app/Mibiomics and as a standalone application at https://gitlab.univ-nantes.fr/combi-ls2n/mibiomics.

Recent advance of spleen tyrosine kinase in diseases and drugs

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, also known as p72Syk. It is important for downstream signaling from cell surface receptors, such as Fc receptors, complement receptors and integrin. Syk plays the critical role in triggering immune and allergic reactions, the signaling pathway of Syk has become the research focus on drugs for allergic disease and human malignancies. This review summarized the characteristics of Syk, its mechanism in related reactions, and mainly discussed the signal transduction pathway mediated by Syk. With the development of industry and the aggravation of environmental pollution, the incidence of allergic diseases is increasing, it has become a global priority disease. In this process, Syk participates in IgE/FcεRI signaling pathway plays a critical role in triggering allergic reactions. This review described the characteristics and the interaction mechanism of Syk and its binding proteins in disease, and summarized the research status of targeted Syk inhibitors.