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Zhao S, Wang Y, Guo T, Yu W, Li J, Tang Z, Yu Z, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang P, Li Y, Li F, Sun Z, Xuan Y, Tang R, Deng WG, Guo W, Gu C. YBX1 regulates tumor growth via CDC25a pathway in human lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82139-82157. [PMID: 27384875 PMCID: PMC5347681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) is involved in the multi-tumor occurrence and development. However, the regulation of YBX1 in lung tumorigenesis and the underlying mechanisms, especially its relationship with CDC25a, was remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the expression and clinical significance of YBX1 and CDC25a in lung adenocarcinoma and identified their roles in the regulation of lung cancer growth. The retrospective analysis of 116 patients with lung adenocarcinoma indicated that YBX1 was positively correlated with CDC25a expression. The Cox-regression analysis showed only high-ranking TNM stage and low CDC25a expression were an independent risk factor of prognosis in enrolled patients. High expression of YBX1 or CDC25a protein was also observed in lung adenocarcinoma cells compared with HLF cells. ChIP assay demonstrated the binding of endogenous YBX1 to the CDC25a promoter region. Overexpression of exogenous YBX1 up-regulated the expression of the CDC25a promoter-driven luciferase. By contrast, inhibition of YBX1 by siRNA markedly decreased the capability of YBX1 binding to CDC25a promoter in A549 and H322 cells. Inhibition of YBX1 expression also blocked cell cycle progression, suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via the CDC25a pathway in vitro. Moreover, inhibition of YBX1 by siRNA suppressed tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model and down-regulated the expression of YBX1, CDC25a, Ki67 and cleaved caspase 3 in the tumor tissues of mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate inhibition of YBX1 suppressed lung cancer growth partly via the CDC25a pathway and high expression of YBX1/CDC25a predicts poor prognosis in human lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Wendan Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Zhipeng Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Yechi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Fengzhou Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Xuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ranran Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wu-Guo Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chundong Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dalian, Dalian, China
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2
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Kariminia A, Ivison SM, Leung VM, Sung S, Couto N, Rozmus J, Rolf N, Narendran A, Dunn SE, Reid GSD, Schultz KR. Y-box-binding protein 1 contributes to IL-7-mediated survival signaling in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:497-505. [PMID: 28123588 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a regulatory protein that is associated with drug resistance and relapse in solid tumors. As YB-1 mediates some of its activity through growth factor receptor signaling dysregulation, the present study compared the expression of YB-1 and interleukin 7 (IL-7) receptor α (IL-7Rα) in pediatric B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and normal BCP cells. The expression levels of IL-7Rα and YB-1 were higher in relapsed vs. diagnostic samples of primary BCP ALL; however, co-expression was also observed in a minor BCP cell population in samples from healthy donors. Functional crosstalk between YB-1 and IL-7R was detected: Overexpression of YB-1 increased surface levels of IL-7R in B cells, and the stimulation of BCP ALL cell lines and primary samples by IL-7 activated YB-1 by phosphorylation at S102 in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent and MEK1/2-dependent manner. Targeted knockdown of YB-1 reduced IL-7-mediated protection against rapamycin, and an inhibitor of MEK1/2 potentiated rapamycin-mediated killing in the presence of IL-7. These data establish a novel link between two well-characterized pro-survival factors in acute leukemia, and suggest that YB-1 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for increasing sensitivity to chemotherapy in patients with refractory acute B-cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Kariminia
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Sabine M Ivison
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Vivian M Leung
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Susanna Sung
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Nicole Couto
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jacob Rozmus
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Nina Rolf
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sandra E Dunn
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Gregor S D Reid
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Su BH, Shieh GS, Tseng YL, Shiau AL, Wu CL. Etoposide enhances antitumor efficacy of MDR1-driven oncolytic adenovirus through autoupregulation of the MDR1 promoter activity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38308-26. [PMID: 26515462 PMCID: PMC4742001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds), or oncolytic adenoviruses, such as E1B55K-deleted adenovirus, are attractive anticancer agents. However, the therapeutic efficacy of E1B55K-deleted adenovirus for refractory solid tumors has been limited. Environmental stress conditions may induce nuclear accumulation of YB-1, which occurs in multidrug-resistant and adenovirus-infected cancer cells. Overexpression and nuclear localization of YB-1 are associated with poor prognosis and tumor recurrence in various cancers. Nuclear YB-1 transactivates the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) genes through the Y-box. Here, we developed a novel E1B55K-deleted adenovirus driven by the MDR1 promoter, designed Ad5GS3. We tested the feasibility of using YB-1 to transcriptionally regulate Ad5GS3 replication in cancer cells and thereby to enhance antitumor efficacy. We evaluated synergistic antitumor effects of oncolytic virotherapy in combination with chemotherapy. Our results show that adenovirus E1A induced E2F-1 activity to augment YB-1 expression, which shut down host protein synthesis in cancer cells during adenovirus replication. In cancer cells infected with Ad5WS1, an E1B55K-deleted adenovirus driven by the E1 promoter, E1A enhanced YB-1 expression, and then further phosphorylated Akt, which, in turn, triggered nuclear translocation of YB-1. Ad5GS3 in combination with chemotherapeutic agents facilitated nuclear localization of YB-1 and, in turn, upregulated the MDR1 promoter activity and enhanced Ad5GS3 replication in cancer cells. Thus, E1A, YB-1, and the MDR1 promoter form a positive feedback loop to promote Ad5GS3 replication in cancer cells, and this regulation can be further augmented when chemotherapeutic agents are added. In the in vivo study, Ad5GS3 in combination with etoposide synergistically suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in NOD/SCID mice bearing human lung tumor xenografts. More importantly, Ad5GS3 exerted potent oncolytic activity against clinical advanced lung adenocarcinoma, which was associated with elevated levels of nuclear YB-1 and cytoplasmic MDR1 expression in the advanced tumors. Therefore, Ad5GS3 may have therapeutic potential for cancer treatment, especially in combination with chemotherapy. Because YB-1 is expressed in a broad spectrum of cancers, this oncolytic adenovirus may be broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Hua Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gia-Shing Shieh
- Department of Urology, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Lin Tseng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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4
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Bastos EP, Brentani H, Pereira CAB, Polpo A, Lima L, Puga RD, Pasini FS, Osorio CABT, Roela RA, Achatz MI, Trapé AP, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Brentani MM. A Set of miRNAs, Their Gene and Protein Targets and Stromal Genes Distinguish Early from Late Onset ER Positive Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154325. [PMID: 27152840 PMCID: PMC4859528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Breast cancer (BC) in young adult patients (YA) has a more aggressive biological behavior and is associated with a worse prognosis than BC arising in middle aged patients (MA). We proposed that differentially expressed miRNAs could regulate genes and proteins underlying aggressive phenotypes of breast tumors in YA patients when compared to those arising in MA patients. OBJECTIVE Using integrated expression analyses of miRs, their mRNA and protein targets and stromal gene expression, we aimed to identify differentially expressed profiles between tumors from YA-BC and MA-BC. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS Samples of ER+ invasive ductal breast carcinomas, divided into two groups: YA-BC (35 years or less) or MA-BC (50-65 years) were evaluated. Screening for BRCA1/2 status according to the BOADICEA program indicated low risk of patients being carriers of these mutations. Aggressive characteristics were more evident in YA-BC versus MA-BC. Performing qPCR, we identified eight miRs differentially expressed (miR-9, 18b, 33b, 106a, 106b, 210, 518a-3p and miR-372) between YA-BC and MA-BC tumors with high confidence statement, which were associated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics. The expression profiles by microarray identified 602 predicted target genes associated to proliferation, cell cycle and development biological functions. Performing RPPA, 24 target proteins differed between both groups and 21 were interconnected within a network protein-protein interactions associated with proliferation, development and metabolism pathways over represented in YA-BC. Combination of eight mRNA targets or the combination of eight target proteins defined indicators able to classify individual samples into YA-BC or MA-BC groups. Fibroblast-enriched stroma expression profile analysis resulted in 308 stromal genes differentially expressed between YA-BC and MA-BC. CONCLUSION We defined a set of differentially expressed miRNAs, their mRNAs and protein targets and stromal genes that distinguish early onset from late onset ER positive breast cancers which may be involved with tumor aggressiveness of YA-BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. P. Bastos
- Oncology and Radiology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation 24 (LIM 24), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H. Brentani
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 23 (LIM 23), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C. A. B. Pereira
- Mathematics and Statistic Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. Polpo
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L. Lima
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 23 (LIM 23), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - F. S. Pasini
- Oncology and Radiology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation 24 (LIM 24), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C. A. B. T. Osorio
- Department of Pathology of A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. A. Roela
- Oncology and Radiology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation 24 (LIM 24), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. I. Achatz
- Department of Oncogenetics of A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. P. Trapé
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - A. M. Gonzalez-Angulo
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - M. M. Brentani
- Oncology and Radiology Department, Laboratory of Medical Investigation 24 (LIM 24), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Castellana B, Aasen T, Moreno-Bueno G, Dunn SE, Ramón y Cajal S. Interplay between YB-1 and IL-6 promotes the metastatic phenotype in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:38239-56. [PMID: 26512918 PMCID: PMC4741996 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) induces cell plasticity and promotes metastasis. The multifunctional oncoprotein Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) and the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) have both been implicated in tumor cell metastasis and EMT, but via distinct pathways. Here, we show that direct interplay between YB-1 and IL-6 regulates breast cancer metastasis. Overexpression of YB-1 in breast cancer cell lines induced IL-6 production while stimulation with IL-6 increased YB-1 expression and YB-1 phosphorylation. Either approach was sufficient to induce EMT features, including increased cell migration and invasion. Silencing of YB-1 partially reverted the EMT and blocked the effect of IL-6 while inhibition of IL-6 signaling blocked the phenotype induced by YB-1 overexpression, demonstrating a clear YB-1/IL-6 interdependence. Our findings describe a novel signaling network in which YB-1 regulates IL-6, and vice versa, creating a positive feed-forward loop driving EMT-like metastatic features during breast cancer progression. Identification of signaling partners or pathways underlying this co-dependence may uncover novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Castellana
- Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universidad Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departments of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Trond Aasen
- Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universidad Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra E. Dunn
- Phoenix Molecular Diagnostics Ltd., Richmond, BC, Canada
| | - Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universidad Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Khan MI, Hamid A, Adhami VM, Lall RK, Mukhtar H. Role of epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate tumorigenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21:1240-8. [PMID: 25506896 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666141211120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the cancer associated deaths are generally attributed to the spread of cancerous cells or their features to the nearby or distant secondary organs by a process known as metastasis. Among other factors, the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells is attributed to the reactivation of an evolutionary conserved developmental program known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT, fully differentiated epithelial cells undergo a series of dramatic changes in their morphology, along with loss of cell to cell contact and matrix remodeling into less differentiated and invasive mesenchymal cells. Many studies provide evidence for the existence of EMT like states in prostate cancer (PCa) and suggest its possible involvement in PCa progression and metastasis. At the same time, the lack of conclusive evidence regarding the presence of full EMT in human PCa samples has somewhat dampened the interest in the field. However, ongoing EMT research provides new perspectives and unveils the enormous potential of this field in tailoring new therapeutic regimens for PCa management. This review summarizes the role of many transcription factors and other molecules that drive EMT during prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Medical Science Center, Rm B-25, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706.
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Reipas KM, Law JH, Couto N, Islam S, Li Y, Li H, Cherkasov A, Jung K, Cheema AS, Jones SJM, Hassell JA, Dunn SE. Luteolin is a novel p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) inhibitor that suppresses Notch4 signaling by blocking the activation of Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1). Oncotarget 2014; 4:329-45. [PMID: 23593654 PMCID: PMC3712578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are notoriously difficult to treat because they lack hormone receptors and have limited targeted therapies. Recently, we demonstrated that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) is essential for TNBC growth and survival indicating it as a target for therapeutic development. RSK phosphorylates Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1), an oncogenic transcription/translation factor, highly expressed in TNBC (~70% of cases) and associated with poor prognosis, drug resistance and tumor initiation. YB-1 regulates the tumor-initiating cell markers, CD44 and CD49f however its role in Notch signaling has not been explored. We sought to identify novel chemical entities with RSK inhibitory activity. The Prestwick Chemical Library of 1120 off-patent drugs was screened for RSK inhibitors using both in vitro kinase assays and molecular docking. The lead candidate, luteolin, inhibited RSK1 and RSK2 kinase activity and suppressed growth in TNBC, including TIC-enriched populations. Combining luteolin with paclitaxel increased cell death and unlike chemotherapy alone, did not enrich for CD44+ cells. Luteolin’s efficacy against drug-resistant cells was further indicated in the primary x43 cell line, where it suppressed monolayer growth and mammosphere formation. We next endeavored to understand how the inhibition of RSK/YB-1 signaling by luteolin elicited an effect on TIC-enriched populations. ChIP-on-ChIP experiments in SUM149 cells revealed a 12-fold enrichment of YB-1 binding to the Notch4 promoter. We chose to pursue this because there are several reports indicating that Notch4 maintains cells in an undifferentiated, TIC state. Herein we report that silencing YB-1 with siRNA decreased Notch4 mRNA. Conversely, transient expression of Flag:YB-1WT or the constitutively active mutant Flag:YB-1D102 increased Notch4 mRNA. The levels of Notch4 transcript and the abundance of the Notch4 intracellular domain (N4ICD) correlated with activation of P-RSKS221/7 and P-YB-1S102 in a panel of TNBC cell lines. Silencing YB-1 or RSK reduced Notch4 mRNA and this corresponded with loss of N4ICD. Likewise, the RSK inhibitors, luteolin and BI-D1870, suppressed P-YB-1 S102 and thereby reduced Notch4. In conclusion, inhibiting the RSK/YB-1 pathway with luteolin is a novel approach to blocking Notch4 signaling and as such provides a means of inhibiting TICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Reipas
- Laboratory for Oncogenomic Research, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Mantwill K, Naumann U, Seznec J, Girbinger V, Lage H, Surowiak P, Beier D, Mittelbronn M, Schlegel J, Holm PS. YB-1 dependent oncolytic adenovirus efficiently inhibits tumor growth of glioma cancer stem like cells. J Transl Med 2013; 11:216. [PMID: 24044901 PMCID: PMC3848904 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The brain cancer stem cell (CSC) model describes a small subset of glioma cells as being responsible for tumor initiation, conferring therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. In brain CSC, the PI3-K/AKT and the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are found to be activated. In consequence, the human transcription factor YB-1, knowing to be responsible for the emergence of drug resistance and driving adenoviral replication, is phosphorylated and activated. With this knowledge, YB-1 was established in the past as a biomarker for disease progression and prognosis. This study determines the expression of YB-1 in glioblastoma (GBM) specimen in vivo and in brain CSC lines. In addition, the capacity of Ad-Delo3-RGD, an YB-1 dependent oncolytic adenovirus, to eradicate CSC was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Methods YB-1 expression was investigated by immunoblot and immuno-histochemistry. In vitro, viral replication as well as the capacity of Ad-Delo3-RGD to replicate in and, in consequence, to kill CSC was determined by real-time PCR and clonogenic dilution assays. In vivo, Ad-Delo3-RGD-mediated tumor growth inhibition was evaluated in an orthotopic mouse GBM model. Safety and specificity of Ad-Delo3-RGD were investigated in immortalized human astrocytes and by siRNA-mediated downregulation of YB-1. Results YB-1 is highly expressed in brain CSC lines and in GBM specimen. Efficient viral replication in and virus-mediated lysis of CSC was observed in vitro. Experiments addressing safety aspects of Ad-Delo3-RGD showed that (i) virus production in human astrocytes was significantly reduced compared to wild type adenovirus (Ad-WT) and (ii) knockdown of YB-1 significantly reduced virus replication. Mice harboring othotopic GBM developed from a temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant GBM derived CSC line which was intratumorally injected with Ad-Delo3-RGD survived significantly longer than mice receiving PBS-injections or TMZ treatment. Conclusion The results of this study supported YB-1 based virotherapy as an attractive therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment which will be exploited further in multimodal treatment concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Mantwill
- Institut für Experimentelle Onkologie & Therapieforschung, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str, 22, 81675 München, Germany.
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Cufí S, Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Corominas-Faja B, Urruticoechea A, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA. Autophagy-related gene 12 (ATG12) is a novel determinant of primary resistance to HER2-targeted therapies: utility of transcriptome analysis of the autophagy interactome to guide breast cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1600-14. [PMID: 23307622 PMCID: PMC3681498 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagic process, which can facilitate breast cancer resistance to endocrine, cytotoxic,
and molecularly targeted agents, is mainly regulated at the post-translational level. Although
recent studies have suggested a possible transcriptome regulation of the autophagic genes, little is
known about either the analysis tools that can be applied or the functional importance of putative
candidate genes emerging from autophagy-dedicated transcriptome studies. In this context, we
evaluated whether the constitutive activation of the autophagy machinery, as revealed by a
transcriptome analysis using an autophagy-focused polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, might allow
for the identification of novel autophagy-specific biomarkers for intrinsic (primary) resistance to
HER2-targeted therapies. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)-based profiling of 84 genes involved
in autophagy revealed that, when compared to trastuzumab-sensitive SKBR3 cells, the positive
regulator of autophagic vesicle formation ATG12 (autophagy-related gene 12) was the
most differentially up-regulated gene in JIMT1 cells, a model of intrinsic cross-resistance to
trastuzumab and other HER1/2-targeting drugs. An analysis of the transcriptional status of
ATG12 in > 50 breast cancer cell lines suggested that the
ATG12 transcript is commonly upregulated in trastuzumab-unresponsive
HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. A lentiviral-delivered small hairpin RNA stable knockdown
of the ATG12 gene fully suppressed the refractoriness of JIMT1 cells to
trastuzumab, erlotinib, gefitinib, and lapatinib in vitro. ATG12 silencing
significantly reduced JIMT1 tumor growth induced by subcutaneous injection in nude mice. Remarkably,
the outgrowth of trastuzumab-unresponsive tumors was prevented completely when trastuzumab treatment
was administered in an ATG12-silenced genetic background. We demonstrate for the
first time the usefulness of low-density, autophagy-dedicated qRT-PCR-based platforms for monitoring
primary resistance to HER2-targeted therapies by transcriptionally screening the autophagy
interactome. The degree of predictive accuracy warrants further investigation in the clinical
situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Cufí
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona, ICO-Girona
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Dolfini D, Mantovani R. Targeting the Y/CCAAT box in cancer: YB-1 (YBX1) or NF-Y? Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:676-85. [PMID: 23449390 PMCID: PMC3619239 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y box is an important sequence motif found in promoters and enhancers containing a CCAAT box - one of the few elements enriched in promoters of large sets of genes overexpressed in cancer. The search for the transcription factor(s) acting on it led to the biochemical purification of the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) heterotrimer, and to the cloning - through the screening of expression libraries - of Y box-binding protein 1 (YB-1), an oncogene, overexpressed in aggressive tumors and associated with drug resistance. These two factors have been associated with Y/CCAAT-dependent activation of numerous growth-related genes, notably multidrug resistance protein 1. We review two decades of data indicating that NF-Y ultimately acts on Y/CCAAT in cancer cells, a notion recently confirmed by genome-wide data. Other features of YB-1, such as post-transcriptional control of mRNA biology, render it important in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dolfini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - R Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan 20133, Italy
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Huang Y, Kesselman D, Kizub D, Guerrero-Preston R, Ratovitski EA. Phospho-ΔNp63α/microRNA feedback regulation in squamous carcinoma cells upon cisplatin exposure. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:684-97. [PMID: 23343772 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous reports showed that the cisplatin exposure induced the ATM-dependent phosphorylation of ΔNp63a, which is subsequently involved in transcriptional regulation of gene promoters encoding mRNAs and microRNAs in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells upon cisplatin-induced cell death. We showed that phosphorylated (p)-ΔNp63a plays a role in upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins, while non-p-ΔNp63a is implicated in pro-survival signaling. In contrast to non-p-ΔNp63a, p-ΔNp63a modulated expression of specific microRNAs in SCC cells exposed to cisplatin. These microRNAs were shown to attenuate the expression of several proteins involved in cell death/survival, suggesting the critical role for p-ΔNp63a in regulation of tumor cell resistance to cisplatin. Here, we studied the function of ΔNp63a in transcriptional activation and repression of the specific microRNA promoters whose expression is affected by cisplatin treatment of SCC cells. We quantitatively studied chromatin-associated proteins bound to tumor protein (TP) p63-responsive element, we found that p-ΔNp63a along with certain transcription coactivators (e.g., CARM1, KAT2B, TFAP2A, etc.) necessary to induce gene promoters for microRNAs (630 and 885-3p) or with transcription corepressors (e.g., EZH2, CTBP1, HDACs, etc.) needed to repress promoters for microRNAs (181a-5p, 374a-5p and 519a-3p) in SCC cells exposed to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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de Hoon JPJ, Veeck J, Vriens BEPJ, Calon TGA, van Engeland M, Tjan-Heijnen VCG. Taxane resistance in breast cancer: a closed HER2 circuit? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1825:197-206. [PMID: 22280939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule inhibitors, such as the taxanes docetaxel and paclitaxel, are commonly used drugs for the treatment of breast cancer. Although highly active in a large fraction of individuals a considerable number of patients show poor response due to either intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Extensive research in the past identified several taxane resistance-related mechanisms being activated by pathologically altered single gene function. To date, however, a clinically relevant predictive biomarker for taxanes has not been derived yet from this knowledge, most likely due to the manifold of resistance mechanisms that may combine in one tumor, thereby fostering escape from taxane cytotoxicity. Here, we aimed to comprehensively review the current literature on taxane resistance mechanisms in breast cancer. Interestingly, besides altered microtubule physiology we identified the HER2 signaling cascade as a major dominator influencing several routes of cytotoxicity escape, such as cell survival, apoptosis, drug efflux, and drug metabolism. Furthermore, the transcription factor YBX-1, activated by HER2, facilitates a sustaining HER2 signaling feedback loop contributing to the establishment of cellular survival detours. In conclusion, taxane resistance in breast cancer follows a multiplex establishment of drug cytotoxicity escape routes, which may be most efficiently therapeutically targeted by interference with their mutually governing signaling nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep P J de Hoon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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