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Tan L, Wang Y, Hu X, Du G, Tang X, Min L. Advances of Osteosarcoma Models for Drug Discovery and Precision Medicine. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1362. [PMID: 37759763 PMCID: PMC10527053 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of osteosarcoma (OS) patients presents a significant clinical challenge. Despite progress in conventional and targeted therapies, the survival rate of OS patients remains limited largely due to therapy resistance and the high metastatic potential of the disease. OS models that accurately reflect the fundamental characteristics are vital to the innovation and validation of effective therapies. This review provides an insight into the advances and challenges in OS drug development, focusing on various preclinical models, including cell lines, 3D culture models, murine models, and canine models. The relevance, strengths, and limitations of each model in OS research are explored. In particular, we highlight a range of potential therapeutics identified through these models. These instances of successful drug development represent promising pathways for personalized OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyun Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Guifeng Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaodi Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Han TY, Hou LS, Li JX, Huan ML, Zhou SY, Zhang BL. Bone targeted miRNA delivery system for miR-34a with enhanced anti-tumor efficacy to bone-associated metastatic breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122755. [PMID: 36801480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastatic cancer is the most common occurrence in breast cancer, and the treatment is also facing great challenges. MicroRNA-34a (miRNA-34a) is a promising anti-cancer miRNA for gene therapy to bone metastatic cancer patients. However, the lack of specificity to bone and low accumulation at the site of bone tumor remains the major challenge when used bone-associated tumor. To solve this problem, a bone-targeted vector for delivery of miR-34a to bone metastatic breast cancer was constructed by using the commonly used gene vector branched polyethylenimine 25 k (BPEI 25 k) as the skeleton and linking with alendronate (ALN) moieties for bone targeting group. The constructed gene delivery system PCA/miR-34a can efficiently prevent miR-34a from degradation during blood circulation and enhance the specific bone delivery and distribution. PCA/miR-34a nanoparticles can be uptake into tumor cells through clathrin and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and directly regulate the expression of oncogenes, thus promoting tumor cell apoptosis and relieving bone tissue erosion. The results of experiments in vitro and in vivo confirmed that the constructed bone-targeted miRNA delivery system PCA/miR-34a can enhance the anti-tumor efficacy in bone metastatic cancer, and provide a potential strategy for gene therapy in bone metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yan Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Li-Shuang Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Meng-Lei Huan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Si-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bang-Le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Torres HM, VanCleave AM, Vollmer M, Callahan DL, Smithback A, Conn JM, Rodezno-Antunes T, Gao Z, Cao Y, Afeworki Y, Tao J. Selective Targeting of Class I Histone Deacetylases in a Model of Human Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4199. [PMID: 34439353 PMCID: PMC8394112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is associated with the pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma, which may present an epigenetic vulnerability as well as a therapeutic target. Domatinostat (4SC-202) is a next-generation class I HDAC inhibitor that is currently being used in clinical research for certain cancers, but its impact on human osteosarcoma has yet to be explored. In this study, we report that 4SC-202 inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. By analyzing cell function in vitro, we show that the anti-tumor effect of 4SC-202 involves the combined induction of cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptotic program, as well as a reduction in cell invasion and migration capabilities. We also found that 4SC-202 has little capacity to promote osteogenic differentiation. Remarkably, 4SC-202 revised the global transcriptome and induced distinct signatures of gene expression in vitro. Moreover, 4SC-202 decreased tumor growth of established human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice in vivo. We further reveal key targets regulated by 4SC-202 that contribute to tumor cell growth and survival, and canonical signaling pathways associated with progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Our study suggests that 4SC-202 may be exploited as a valuable drug to promote more effective treatment of patients with osteosarcoma and provide molecular insights into the mechanism of action of class I HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee M. Torres
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Ashley M. VanCleave
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Mykayla Vollmer
- Medical Student Research Program, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA;
| | - Dakota L. Callahan
- Sanford Program for Undergraduate Research, University of Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Austyn Smithback
- Sanford PROMISE Scholar Program, Harrisburg High School, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Josephine M. Conn
- Sanford Program for Undergraduate Research, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA;
| | - Tania Rodezno-Antunes
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zili Gao
- Flow Cytometry Core at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Yuxia Cao
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yohannes Afeworki
- Functional Genomics & Bioinformatics Core Facility at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Jianning Tao
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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Patient Derived Xenografts for Genome-Driven Therapy of Osteosarcoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020416. [PMID: 33671173 PMCID: PMC7922432 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare malignant primary tumor of mesenchymal origin affecting bone. It is characterized by a complex genotype, mainly due to the high frequency of chromothripsis, which leads to multiple somatic copy number alterations and structural rearrangements. Any effort to design genome-driven therapies must therefore consider such high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, many laboratories and international networks are developing and sharing OS patient-derived xenografts (OS PDX) to broaden the availability of models that reproduce OS complex clinical heterogeneity. OS PDXs, and new cell lines derived from PDXs, faithfully preserve tumor heterogeneity, genetic, and epigenetic features and are thus valuable tools for predicting drug responses. Here, we review recent achievements concerning OS PDXs, summarizing the methods used to obtain ectopic and orthotopic xenografts and to fully characterize these models. The availability of OS PDXs across the many international PDX platforms and their possible use in PDX clinical trials are also described. We recommend the coupling of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data analysis with functional studies in OS PDXs, as well as the setup of OS PDX clinical trials and co-clinical trials, to enhance the predictive power of experimental evidence and to accelerate the clinical translation of effective genome-guided therapies for this aggressive disease.
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Torres HM, Rodezno-Antunes T, VanCleave A, Cao Y, Callahan DL, Westendorf JJ, Tao J. Precise detection of a murine germline mutation of the Notch3 gene associated with kyphosis and developmental disorders. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8:7-13. [PMID: 33860007 PMCID: PMC8043348 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Humpback (hpbk) mice harbor a pathogenic mutation in the Notch3 gene and can serve as a beneficial animal model for investigating human myopathy, kyphosis, and developmental disorders, including lateral meningocele syndrome. Detection of the point mutation in hpbk mice is important for maintaining strains and scrutinizing genetic rescues, especially considering that homozygous mice are infertile and indistinguishable from their littermates at a young age. This study aimed for the development of a novel, precise, and time-saving genotyping method to identify the mutation in hpbk mice. Materials and Methods: In order to study the hpbk mouse line, we describe how we applied several tools, including quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), multiplex tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) and Sanger sequencing, toward the recognition of heterozygous and homozygous mice. Results: The Notch3 mutation was clearly identified using qPCR and ARMS assays, but the latter was a more precise and cost-effective approach. The lengths of the ARMS-PCR amplicons are 210 bp and 164 bp for the wild-type and hpbk alleles, respectively. Moreover, the genotyping results for each mouse were corroborated by Sanger DNA sequencing. Conclusion: Our newly developed PCR-based ARMS system affords a swift and precise way to genotype the hpbk mice. ARMS-PCR does not rely on any advanced equipment and is useful as a genotyping method for other model organisms that harbor a pathogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee M Torres
- Cancer Biology & Rare Diseases Groups, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | | | - Ashley VanCleave
- Cancer Biology & Rare Diseases Groups, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Yuxia Cao
- Cancer Biology & Rare Diseases Groups, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Dakota L Callahan
- Cancer Biology & Rare Diseases Groups, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Sanford Program for Undergraduate Research, University of Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Jianning Tao
- Cancer Biology & Rare Diseases Groups, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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