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Khalifa A, Guijarro A, Nencioni A. Advances in Diet and Physical Activity in Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients 2024; 16:2262. [PMID: 39064705 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is currently a growing interest in diets and physical activity patterns that may be beneficial in preventing and treating breast cancer (BC). Mounting evidence indicates that indeed, the so-called Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and regular physical activity likely both help reduce the risk of developing BC. For those who have already received a BC diagnosis, these interventions may decrease the risk of tumor recurrence after treatment and improve quality of life. Studies also show the potential of other dietary interventions, including fasting or modified fasting, calorie restriction, ketogenic diets, and vegan or plant-based diets, to enhance the efficacy of BC therapies. In this review article, we discuss the biological rationale for utilizing these dietary interventions and physical activity in BC prevention and treatment. We highlight published and ongoing clinical studies that have applied these lifestyle interventions to BC patients. This review offers valuable insights into the potential application of these dietary interventions and physical activity as complimentary therapies in BC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ana Guijarro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Uurasmaa TM, Ricardo C, Autio A, Heinonen IHA, Rundqvist H, Anttila K. Voluntary wheel running reduces tumor growth and increases capillarity in the heart during doxorubicin chemotherapy in a murine model of breast cancer. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1347347. [PMID: 38725573 PMCID: PMC11079236 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1347347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The possible beneficial effects of physical activity during doxorubicin treatment of breast cancer need further investigation as many of the existing studies have been done on non-tumor-bearing models. Therefore, in this study, we aim to assess whether short-term voluntary wheel-running exercise during doxorubicin treatment of breast cancer-bearing mice could induce beneficial cardiac effects and enhance chemotherapy efficacy. Methods: Murine breast cancer I3TC cells were inoculated subcutaneously to the flank of female FVB mice (n = 16) that were divided into exercised and non-exercised groups. Two weeks later, doxorubicin treatment was started via intraperitoneal administration (5 mg/kg weekly for 3 weeks). Organs were harvested a day after the last dose. Results: The tumor volume over time was significantly different between the groups, with the exercising group having lower tumor volumes. The exercised group had increased body weight gain, tumor apoptosis, capillaries per cardiomyocytes, and cardiac lactate dehydrogenase activity compared to the unexercised group, but tumor blood vessel density and maturation and tumor and cardiac HIF1-α and VEGF-A levels did not differ from those of the non-exercised group. Discussion: We conclude that even short-term light exercise such as voluntary wheel running exercise can decrease the subcutaneous mammary tumor growth, possibly via increased tumor apoptosis. The increase in cardiac capillaries per cardiomyocytes may also have positive effects on cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytti-Maria Uurasmaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Chloé Ricardo
- Polytech Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka H. A. Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Anttila
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Atmane MI, Vigneau AL, Beaudry F, Rico C, Boerboom D, Paquet M. Therapeutic trial of fluvastatin in a cell line xenograft model of canine mammary gland cancer. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:634-645. [PMID: 37709554 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway is involved in breast cancer and canine mammary tumour (CMT). This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of fluvastatin on the Hippo pathway and its main effectors, YAP and TAZ, in vivo in a murine CMT cell line xenograft model. On treatment day 1, mice were divided into four groups: vehicle, fluvastatin, doxorubicin or a combination therapy. Tumour volumes were monitored with callipers and tissues harvested on day 28th of treatment. Histopathological examination of tumour tissues and major organs was performed as well as tumour evaluation of necrosis, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, expression of YAP, TAZ and the mRNA levels of four of their target genes (CTGF, CYR61, ANKRD1 and RHAMM2). Results showed a statistically significant variation in tumour volumes only for the combination therapy and final tumour weight only for the doxorubicin group compared to control. There was no significant difference in tumour necrosis, expression of CC3, ki-67, YAP and TAZ measured by immunohistochemistry and in the mRNA levels of the target genes. Unexpectedly, lung metastases were found in the control group (9) and not in the fluvastatin treated group (7). In addition, mass spectrometry-based quantification of fluvastatin reveals concentrations comparable to levels reported to exert therapeutic effects. This study shows that fluvastatin tumours concentration reached therapeutic levels without having an effect on the hippo pathway or various tumour parameters. Interestingly, only the control group had lung metastases. This study is the first to explore the repurposing of statins for cancer treatment in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Issam Atmane
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Laurence Vigneau
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charlène Rico
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Chiang CF, Wang ZZ, Hsu YH, Miaw SC, Lin WL. Exercise improves the outcome of anticancer treatment with ultrasound-hyperthermia-enhanced nanochemotherapy and autophagy inhibitor. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288380. [PMID: 37437011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that exercise has a direct impact on tumor growth along with functional improvement. Previous studies have shown that exercise decreases the risk of cancer recurrence across various types of cancer. It was indicated that exercise stimulates the immune system to fight cancer. Previous study demonstrated that pulsed-wave ultrasound hyperthermia (pUH) combined with PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and chloroquine (CQ) inhibits 4T1 tumors growth and delays their recurrence. In this study, we investigated if the combinatorial treatment with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with pUH-enhanced PLD delivery and CQ improved the outcome. The mouse experiment composed of three groups, HIIT+PLD+pUH+CQ group, PLD+pUH+CQ group, and the control group. HIIT+PLD+pUH+CQ group received 6 weeks of HIIT (15 min per day, 5 days per week) before 4T1 tumor implantation. Seven days later, they received therapy with PLD (10 mg/kg) + pUH (3 MHz, 50% duty cycle, 0.65 W/cm2, 15min) + CQ (50 mg/kg daily). Results showed that HIIT+PLD+pUH+CQ significantly reduced the tumor volumes and brought about longer survival of tumor-bearing mice than PLD+pUH+CQ did. Blood cell components were analyzed and showed that neutrophil and reticulocytes decreased while lymphocytes increased after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Zong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hone Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Chuen Miaw
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Win-Li Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Lee TH, Devaki M, Formolo DA, Rosa JM, Cheng ASK, Yau SY. Effects of Voluntary Wheel Running Exercise on Chemotherapy-Impaired Cognitive and Motor Performance in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5371. [PMID: 37047984 PMCID: PMC10094707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (chemobrain) and muscle wasting (cachexia) are persisting side effects which adversely affect the quality of life of cancer survivors. We therefore investigated the efficacy of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to reverse the adverse effects of chemotherapy. We examined whether physical exercise in terms of voluntary wheel running could prevent chemotherapy-induced cognitive and motor impairments in mice treated with the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib. Adult male BALB/c mice were subdivided into runner and non-runner groups and orally administered with sorafenib (60 mg/kg) or vehicle continuously for four weeks. Mice could freely access the running wheel anytime during sorafenib or vehicle treatment. We found that sorafenib treatment reduced body weight gain (% of change, vehicle: 3.28 ± 3.29, sorafenib: -9.24 ± 1.52, p = 0.0004), impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in the Y maze (exploration index, vehicle: 35.57 ± 11.38%, sorafenib: -29.62 ± 7.90%, p < 0.0001), increased anhedonia-like behaviour in the sucrose preference test (sucrose preference, vehicle: 66.57 ± 3.52%, sorafenib: 44.54 ± 4.25%, p = 0.0005) and impaired motor skill acquisition in rotarod test (latency to fall on day 1: 37.87 ± 8.05 and day 2: 37.22 ± 12.26 s, p > 0.05) but did not induce muscle wasting or reduce grip strength. Concomitant voluntary running reduced anhedonia-like behaviour (sucrose preference, sedentary: 44.54 ± 4.25%, runners: 59.33 ± 4.02%, p = 0.0357), restored impairment in motor skill acquisition (latency to fall on day 1: 50.85 ± 15.45 and day 2: 168.50 ± 37.08 s, p = 0.0004), but failed to rescue spatial memory deficit. Immunostaining results revealed that sorafenib treatment did not affect the number of proliferating cells and immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), whereas running significantly increased cell proliferation in both vehicle- (total Ki-67+ cells, sedentary: 16,687.34 ± 72.63, exercise: 3320.03 ± 182.57, p < 0.0001) and sorafenib-treated mice (Ki-67+ cells in the ventral DG, sedentary: 688.82.34 ± 38.16, exercise: 979.53 ± 73.88, p < 0.0400). Our results suggest that spatial memory impairment and anhedonia-like behaviour precede the presence of muscle wasting, and these behavioural deficits are independent of the changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Running effectively prevents body weight loss, improves motor skill acquisition and reduces anhedonia-like behaviour associated with increased proliferating cells and immature neurons in DG. Taken together, they support physical exercise rehabilitation as an effective strategy to prevent chemotherapy side effects in terms of mood dysregulation and motor deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Malegaddi Devaki
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Smart Aging (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Douglas A. Formolo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Smart Aging (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Julia M. Rosa
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Smart Aging (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Andy S. K. Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Smart Aging (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Seet-Lee C, Yee J, Morahan H, Ross LS, Edwards KM. The effect of aerobic exercise on tumour blood delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:8637-8653. [PMID: 35650456 PMCID: PMC9633495 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumour blood vessels are structurally and functionally abnormal, resulting in areas of hypoxia and heterogeneous blood supply. Aerobic exercise may modulate tumour blood flow and normalise the tumour microenvironment to improve chemotherapy delivery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of the aerobic exercise mode on tumour hypoxia, vascularisation and blood flow. METHODS Four online databases were searched. Preclinical and clinical randomised controlled trials examining the effects of aerobic exercise training on hypoxia, vascularisation or blood flow in solid tumours were included. The risk of bias was assessed and a meta-analysis performed. RESULTS Seventeen preclinical studies and one clinical study met criteria. Eleven studies assessed hypoxia, 15 studies assessed vascularisation and seven evaluated blood flow. There was large variability in measurement methods, tumour types and exercise program designs. The overall risk of bias was unclear in clinical and preclinical studies, owing to poor reporting. There was no significant effect of aerobic exercise on hypoxia (SMD = -0.17; 95% CI = -0.62, 0.28; I2 = 60%), vascularisation (SMD = 0.07; 95% CI = -0.40, 0.55; I2 = 71%) or blood flow (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.59, 0.61; I2 = 63%). CONCLUSION There is heterogeneity in methodology, resulting in evidence that is inconsistent and inconclusive for the effects of aerobic exercise on hypoxia, vascularisation and blood flow. Most evidence of aerobic exercise effects on tumour blood flow is in animal models, with very limited evidence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Seet-Lee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jasmine Yee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Centre for Medical Psychology & Evidence-Based Decision-Making, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Heidi Morahan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Lois S Ross
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Kate M Edwards
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
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Exercise in cancer prevention and anticancer therapy: Efficacy, molecular mechanisms and clinical information. Cancer Lett 2022; 544:215814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Targeting Oxidative Stress, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Autophagy by Fraxetin to Combat Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111188. [PMID: 34832970 PMCID: PMC8621693 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin belongs to the class of anthracycline antibiotics that is widely used in the treatment protocols of a wide range of malignancies. The major deleterious effect of doxorubicin use is the possible occurrence of cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to delineate the possible effects of targeting oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, and autophagy by fraxetin on doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats. In a model of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, the effects of different doses of fraxetin were assessed by determination of biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic changes. Fraxetin, in a dose-dependent manner, was found to have the ability to mitigate the harmful effects of oxidative stress and inflammation on myocardial muscles with significant decrease in NLRP3 inflammasome, augmentation of autophagy, and amelioration of the apoptotic signaling pathways. In addition, fraxetin, in a dose-dependent manner, had the ability to combat the echocardiographic, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic changes induced by doxorubicin in cardiomyocytes. As a result, fraxetin may be put into consideration as a new adjuvant line of therapy on the way to mitigate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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