1
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Liu Q, Xin L, Ma X, Yuan Y. Dual role of targeting NAE1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Antitumor effects yet inducing radiotherapy resistance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37219. [PMID: 39296043 PMCID: PMC11408763 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The inhibitor MLN4924 of Neural Precursor Cell-Expressed Developmentally Down-Regulated 8 (NEDD8) Activating Enzyme 1 (NAE1) has been found to suppress the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its effect on NPC's radiotherapy sensitivity remains unclear. Methods By integrating single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing, we predict the impact of NAE1 on the cell cycle, cell death, and its relationship with radiotherapy sensitivity and prognosis in NPC. The effect of inhibiting NAE1 on NPC cell behavior and radiation sensitivity is explored through MLN4924 intervention in vitro and in vivo. We construct a prognosis prediction model based on NAE1 using machine learning methods and validate the efficacy of NAE1 and the model in clinical cohorts. Results NPC patients with high NAE1 expression have better prognosis and higher expression in the radiotherapy-sensitive group. Inhibiting NAE1 with MLN4924 causes cell cycle arrest in NPC cells, preventing them from entering the G2/M phase, thereby inhibiting proliferation but not affecting migration and metastasis. However, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that inhibiting NAE1 with MLN4924 leads to increased resistance of NPC to radiation. Conclusions Targeting NAE1 for NPC treatment may have dual effects, inhibiting NPC proliferation while also increasing radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Xin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoning Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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2
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Prajapati SK, Kumari N, Bhowmik D, Gupta R. Recent advancements in biomarkers, therapeutics, and associated challenges in acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05963-x. [PMID: 39198271 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common type of leukemia that has a high mortality rate. The reasons for high mortality in patients with AML are therapeutic resistance, limited ability to predict duration of response, and likelihood of cancer relapse. Biomarkers, such as leukemic stem cell biomarkers, circulatory biomarkers, measurable residual disease biomarkers, and molecular biomarkers, are used for prognosis, diagnosis, and targeted killing to selectively eliminate AML cells. They also play an indispensable role in providing therapeutic resistance to patients with AML. Therefore, targeting these biomarkers will improve the outcome of AML patients. However, identifying biomarkers that can differentiate between treatment-responsive and non-responsive AML patients remains a challenge. This review discusses recent advancements in AML biomarkers, promising therapeutics, and associated challenges in the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Prajapati
- Research and Development Cell, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, India
| | - Neha Kumari
- Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, 380060, India
| | - Doulat Bhowmik
- Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, 380060, India
| | - Reeshu Gupta
- Research and Development Cell, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, India.
- Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, 380060, India.
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3
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Truong P, Shen S, Joshi S, Islam MI, Zhong L, Raftery MJ, Afrasiabi A, Alinejad-Rokny H, Nguyen M, Zou X, Bhuyan GS, Sarowar CH, Ghodousi ES, Stonehouse O, Mohamed S, Toscan CE, Connerty P, Kakadia PM, Bohlander SK, Michie KA, Larsson J, Lock RB, Walkley CR, Thoms JAI, Jolly CJ, Pimanda JE. TOPORS E3 ligase mediates resistance to hypomethylating agent cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7360. [PMID: 39198401 PMCID: PMC11358519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are frontline therapies for Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). However, acquired resistance and treatment failure are commonplace. To address this, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen in a human MDS-derived cell line, MDS-L, and identify TOPORS as a loss-of-function target that synergizes with HMAs, reducing leukemic burden and improving survival in xenograft models. We demonstrate that depletion of TOPORS mediates sensitivity to HMAs by predisposing leukemic blasts to an impaired DNA damage response (DDR) accompanied by an accumulation of SUMOylated DNMT1 in HMA-treated TOPORS-depleted cells. The combination of HMAs with targeting of TOPORS does not impair healthy hematopoiesis. While inhibitors of TOPORS are unavailable, we show that inhibition of protein SUMOylation with TAK-981 partially phenocopies HMA-sensitivity and DDR impairment. Overall, our data suggest that the combination of HMAs with inhibition of SUMOylation or TOPORS is a rational treatment option for High-Risk MDS (HR-MDS) or AML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Animals
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Mice
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Sumoylation/drug effects
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- DNA Damage/drug effects
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/metabolism
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Female
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Truong
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sylvie Shen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark J Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ali Afrasiabi
- UNSW BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamid Alinejad-Rokny
- UNSW BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Tyree Institute of Health Engineering (IHealthE), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoheng Zou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Elaheh S Ghodousi
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Sara Mohamed
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cara E Toscan
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick Connerty
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Purvi M Kakadia
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katharine A Michie
- Structural Biology Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard B Lock
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A I Thoms
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - John E Pimanda
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Haematology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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4
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Wang T, Li X, Ma R, Sun J, Huang S, Sun Z, Wang M. Advancements in colorectal cancer research: Unveiling the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neddylation (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:39. [PMID: 38391033 PMCID: PMC10919758 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neddylation, akin to ubiquitination, represents a post‑translational modification of proteins wherein neural precursor cell‑expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8 (NEDD8) is modified on the substrate protein through a series of reactions. Neddylation plays a pivotal role in the growth and proliferation of animal cells. In colorectal cancer (CRC), it predominantly contributes to the proliferation, metastasis and survival of tumor cells, decreasing overall patient survival. The strategic manipulation of the NEDD8‑mediated neddylation pathway holds immense therapeutic promise in terms of the potential to modulate the growth of tumors by regulating diverse biological responses within cancer cells, such as DNA damage response and apoptosis, among others. MLN4924 is an inhibitor of NEDD8, and its combined use with platinum drugs and irinotecan, as well as cycle inhibitors and NEDD activating enzyme inhibitors screened by drug repurposing, has been found to exert promising antitumor effects. The present review summarizes the recent progress made in the understanding of the role of NEDD8 in the advancement of CRC, suggesting that NEDD8 is a promising anti‑CRC target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Huang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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5
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Wang X, Chen C, Vuong D, Rodriguez-Rodriguez S, Lam V, Roleder C, Wang JH, Thiruvengadam SK, Berger A, Pennock N, Torka P, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri F, Siddiqi T, Wang L, Xia Z, Danilov AV. Pharmacologic targeting of Nedd8-activating enzyme reinvigorates T-cell responses in lymphoid neoplasia. Leukemia 2023; 37:1324-1335. [PMID: 37031300 PMCID: PMC10244170 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Neddylation is a sequential enzyme-based process which regulates the function of E3 Cullin-RING ligase (CRL) and thus degradation of substrate proteins. Here we show that CD8+ T cells are a direct target for therapeutically relevant anti-lymphoma activity of pevonedistat, a Nedd8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor. Pevonedistat-treated patient-derived CD8+ T cells upregulated TNFα and IFNγ and exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity. Pevonedistat induced CD8+ T-cell inflamed microenvironment and delayed tumor progression in A20 syngeneic lymphoma model. This anti-tumor effect lessened when CD8+ T cells lost the ability to engage tumors through MHC class I interactions, achieved either through CD8+ T-cell depletion or genetic knockout of B2M. Meanwhile, loss of UBE2M in tumor did not alter efficacy of pevonedistat. Concurrent blockade of NAE and PD-1 led to enhanced tumor immune infiltration, T-cell activation and chemokine expression and synergistically restricted tumor growth. shRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α, a CRL substrate, abrogated the in vitro effects of pevonedistat, suggesting that NAE inhibition modulates T-cell function in HIF-1α-dependent manner. scRNA-Seq-based clinical analyses in lymphoma patients receiving pevonedistat therapy demonstrated upregulation of interferon response signatures in immune cells. Thus, targeting NAE enhances the inflammatory T-cell state, providing rationale for checkpoint blockade-based combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Canping Chen
- Computational Biology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dan Vuong
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Vi Lam
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Carly Roleder
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jing H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan Pennock
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Pallawi Torka
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Tanya Siddiqi
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Computational Biology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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6
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Ren T, Chen C, Danilov AV, Liu S, Guan X, Du S, Wu X, Sherman MH, Spellman PT, Coussens LM, Adey AC, Mills GB, Wu LY, Xia Z. Supervised learning of high-confidence phenotypic subpopulations from single-cell data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.533712. [PMID: 36993424 PMCID: PMC10055361 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.533712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Accurately identifying phenotype-relevant cell subsets from heterogeneous cell populations is crucial for delineating the underlying mechanisms driving biological or clinical phenotypes. Here, by deploying a learning with rejection strategy, we developed a novel supervised learning framework called PENCIL to identify subpopulations associated with categorical or continuous phenotypes from single-cell data. By embedding a feature selection function into this flexible framework, for the first time, we were able to select informative features and identify cell subpopulations simultaneously, which enables the accurate identification of phenotypic subpopulations otherwise missed by methods incapable of concurrent gene selection. Furthermore, the regression mode of PENCIL presents a novel ability for supervised phenotypic trajectory learning of subpopulations from single-cell data. We conducted comprehensive simulations to evaluate PENCIĽs versatility in simultaneous gene selection, subpopulation identification and phenotypic trajectory prediction. PENCIL is fast and scalable to analyze 1 million cells within 1 hour. Using the classification mode, PENCIL detected T-cell subpopulations associated with melanoma immunotherapy outcomes. Moreover, when applied to scRNA-seq of a mantle cell lymphoma patient with drug treatment across multiple time points, the regression mode of PENCIL revealed a transcriptional treatment response trajectory. Collectively, our work introduces a scalable and flexible infrastructure to accurately identify phenotype-associated subpopulations from single-cell data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ren
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Canping Chen
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Susan Liu
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xiangnan Guan
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shunyi Du
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mara H. Sherman
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paul T. Spellman
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrew C. Adey
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Division of Oncological Sciences Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Xia
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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7
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Inhibition of NEDD8 NEDDylation induced apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells via p53 signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231601. [PMID: 35880551 PMCID: PMC9386570 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MLN4924 is a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme, which showed antitumor effect in several types of malignant tumor types. However, the mechanism of action of MLN4924 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) requires further investigation. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted to detect the mRNA levels of genes. Gene expression was knocked down by short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Moreover, the protein expression was detected by Western blotting (WB) assay. The proliferation and apoptosis of AML cells were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry (FCM). In the present study, we observed that the mRNA expression levels of NEDD8, UBA3, UBE2M and RBX1 in AML patients were up-regulated compared with healthy controls, which were correlated with worse overall survival (OS) of patients. Besides, knockdown of UBA3, UBE2M and RBX1 inhibited the NEDDylation of CULs and increased the protein expression of p53 and p21 in MOLM-13 cell line. In AML cells, MLN4924 inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. As revealed by experiments in vivo and in vitro, the NEDDylation of CULs was significantly inhibited and the p53 signaling pathway was activated after MLN4924 treatment. So, we concluded that NEDD8, UBA3, UBE2M and RBX1 may serve as the prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for AML. Inhibition of the NEDDylation pathway resulted in an anti-leukemia effect by activating the p53 signaling pathway.
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