1
|
Batara DC, Kim HJ, Phan LT, Kim M, Son YO, Lee S, Park SI, Choi YS, Beck S, Kim SH. Elevated α-1,2-mannosidase MAN1C1 in glioma stem cells and its implications for immunological changes and prognosis in glioma patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22159. [PMID: 39333557 PMCID: PMC11436702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor, and the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) has been linked to its resistance to treatments and recurrence. Additionally, aberrant glycosylation has been implicated in the aggressiveness of cancers. However, the influence and underlying mechanism of N-glycosylation on the GSC phenotype and GBM malignancy remain elusive. Here, we performed an in-silico analysis approach on publicly available datasets to examine the function of N-glycosylation-related genes in GSCs and gliomas, accompanied by a qRT-PCR validation experiment. We found that high α-1,2-mannosidase MAN1C1 is associated with immunological functions and worse survival of glioma patients. Differential gene expression analysis and qRT-PCR validation revealed that MAN1C1 is highly expressed in GSCs. Furthermore, higher MAN1C1 expression predicts worse outcomes in glioma patients. Also, MAN1C1 expression is increased in the perinecrotic region of GBM and is associated with immunological and inflammatory functions, a hallmark of the GBM mesenchymal subtype. Further analysis confirmed that MAN1C1 expression is closely associated with infiltrating immune cells and disrupted immune response in the GBM microenvironment. These suggest that MAN1C1 is a potential biomarker for gliomas and may be important as an immunotherapeutic target for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don Carlo Batara
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Thi Phan
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Kim
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 49, Dosicheomdansaneop-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju, 61751, Republic of Korea
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Choi
- Jeollanam-do Agriculture Research and Extension Services Livestock Research Institute, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58213, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel Beck
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Aging Research, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, 02118, USA.
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oliveira T, Zhang M, Chen CW, Packer NH, von Itzstein M, Heisterkamp N, Kolarich D. Remodelling of the glycome of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells developing drug-tolerance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.22.609211. [PMID: 39229073 PMCID: PMC11370571 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.22.609211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Reduced responsiveness of precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) to chemotherapy can be first detected in the form of minimal residual disease leukemia cells that persist after 28 days of initial treatment. The ability of these cells to resist chemotherapy is partly due to the microenvironment of the bone marrow, which promotes leukemia cell growth and provides protection, particularly under these conditions of stress. It is unknown if and how the glycocalyx of such cells is remodelled during the development of tolerance to drug treatment, even though glycosylation is the most abundant cell surface post-translational modification present on the plasma membrane. To investigate this, we performed omics analysis of BCP-ALL cells that survived a 30-day vincristine chemotherapy treatment while in co-culture with bone marrow stromal cells. Proteomics showed decreased levels of some metabolic enzymes. Overall glycocalyx changes included a shift from Core-2 to less complex Core-1 O-glycans, and reduced overall sialylation, with a shift from α2-6 to α2-3 linked Neu5Ac. Interestingly, there was a clear increase in bisecting complex N-glycans with a concomitant increased mRNA expression of MGAT3 , the only enzyme known to form bisecting N-glycans. These small but reproducible quantitative differences suggest that individual glycoproteins become differentially glycosylated. Glycoproteomics confirmed glycosite-specific modulation of cell surface and lysosomal proteins in drug-tolerant BCP-ALL cells, including HLA-DRA, CD38, LAMP1 and PPT1. We conclude that drug-tolerant persister leukemia cells that grow under continuous chemotherapy stress have characteristic glycotraits that correlate with and perhaps contribute to their ability to survive and could be tested as neoantigens in drug-resistant leukemia.
Collapse
|
3
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2021-2022. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38925550 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates is a well-established technique and this review is the 12th update of the original article published in 1999 and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2022. As with previous review, this review also includes a few papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review follows the same format as previous reviews. It is divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of computer software for structural identification. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other general areas such as medicine, industrial processes, natural products and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis, particularly in its ability to produce single ions from each analyte and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
Collapse
|
4
|
Benesova I, Nenutil R, Urminsky A, Lattova E, Uhrik L, Grell P, Kokas FZ, Halamkova J, Zdrahal Z, Vojtesek B, Novotny MV, Hernychova L. N-glycan profiling of tissue samples to aid breast cancer subtyping. Sci Rep 2024; 14:320. [PMID: 38172220 PMCID: PMC10764792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Its intrinsic subtype classification for diagnosis and choice of therapy traditionally relies on the presence of characteristic receptors. Unfortunately, this classification is often not sufficient for precise prediction of disease prognosis and treatment efficacy. The N-glycan profiles of 145 tumors and 10 healthy breast tissues were determined using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. The tumor samples were classified into Mucinous, Lobular, No-Special-Type, Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 + , and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer subtypes. Statistical analysis was conducted using the reproducibility-optimized test statistic software package in R, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction. In total, 92 N-glycans were detected and quantified, with 59 consistently observed in over half of the samples. Significant variations in N-glycan signals were found among subtypes. Mucinous tumor samples exhibited the most distinct changes, with 28 significantly altered N-glycan signals. Increased levels of tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans were notably present in this subtype. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer showed more N-glycans with additional mannose units, a factor associated with cancer progression. Individual N-glycans differentiated Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 + , No-Special-Type, and Lobular cancers, whereas lower fucosylation and branching levels were found in N-glycans significantly increased in Luminal subtypes (Lobular and No-Special-Type tumors). Clinically normal breast tissues featured a higher abundance of signals corresponding to N-glycans with bisecting moiety. This research confirms that histologically distinct breast cancer subtypes have a quantitatively unique set of N-glycans linked to clinical parameters like tumor size, proliferative rate, lymphovascular invasion, and metastases to lymph nodes. The presented results provide novel information that N-glycan profiling could accurately classify human breast cancer samples, offer stratification of patients, and ongoing disease monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Benesova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Nenutil
- Department of Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Urminsky
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Erika Lattova
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Uhrik
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Grell
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Zavadil Kokas
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Halamkova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milos V Novotny
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Lenka Hernychova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kelesoglu N, Kori M, Yilmaz BK, Duru OA, Arga KY. Differential co-expression network analysis elucidated genes associated with sensitivity to farnesyltransferase inhibitor and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Med 2023; 12:22420-22436. [PMID: 38069522 PMCID: PMC10757125 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease and the most common form of acute leukemia with a poor prognosis. Due to its complexity, the disease requires the identification of biomarkers for reliable prognosis. To identify potential disease genes that regulate patient prognosis, we used differential co-expression network analysis and transcriptomics data from relapsed, refractory, and previously untreated AML patients based on their response to treatment in the present study. In addition, we combined functional genomics and transcriptomics data to identify novel and therapeutically potential systems biomarkers for patients who do or do not respond to treatment. As a result, we constructed co-expression networks for response and non-response cases and identified a highly interconnected group of genes consisting of SECISBP2L, MAN1A2, PRPF31, VASP, and SNAPC1 in the response network and a group consisting of PHTF2, SLC11A2, PDLIM5, OTUB1, and KLRD1 in the non-response network, both of which showed high prognostic performance with hazard ratios of 4.12 and 3.66, respectively. Remarkably, ETS1, GATA2, AR, YBX1, and FOXP3 were found to be important transcription factors in both networks. The prognostic indicators reported here could be considered as a resource for identifying tumorigenesis and chemoresistance to farnesyltransferase inhibitor. They could help identify important research directions for the development of new prognostic and therapeutic techniques for AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Medi Kori
- Department of BioengineeringMarmara UniversityIstanbulTürkiye
| | - Betul Karademir Yilmaz
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation CenterMarmara UniversityIstanbulTürkiye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineMarmara UniversityIstanbulTürkiye
| | - Ozlem Ates Duru
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health SciencesNişantaşı UniversityIstanbulTürkiye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringBolu Abant İzzet Baysal UniversityBoluTürkiye
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of BioengineeringMarmara UniversityIstanbulTürkiye
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation CenterMarmara UniversityIstanbulTürkiye
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goodson H, Kawahara R, Chatterjee S, Goncalves G, Fehring J, Purcell AW, Croft NP, Thaysen-Andersen M. Profound N-glycan remodelling accompanies MHC-II immunopeptide presentation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258518. [PMID: 38022636 PMCID: PMC10663315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunopeptidomics, the study of peptide antigens presented on the cell surface by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), offers insights into how our immune system recognises self/non-self in health and disease. We recently discovered that hyper-processed (remodelled) N-glycans are dominant features decorating viral spike immunopeptides presented via MHC-class II (MHC-II) molecules by dendritic cells pulsed with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, but it remains unknown if endogenous immunopeptides also undergo N-glycan remodelling. Taking a multi-omics approach, we here interrogate published MHC-II immunopeptidomics datasets of cultured monocyte-like (THP-1) and breast cancer-derived (MDA-MB-231) cell lines for overlooked N-glycosylated peptide antigens, which we compare to their source proteins in the cellular glycoproteome using proteomics and N-glycomics data from matching cell lines. Hyper-processed chitobiose core and paucimannosidic N-glycans alongside under-processed oligomannosidic N-glycans were found to prevalently modify MHC-II-bound immunopeptides isolated from both THP-1 and MDA-MB-231, while complex/hybrid-type N-glycans were (near-)absent in the immunopeptidome as supported further by new N-glycomics data generated from isolated MHC-II-bound peptides derived from MDA-MB-231 cells. Contrastingly, the cellular proteomics and N-glycomics data from both cell lines revealed conventional N-glycosylation rich in complex/hybrid-type N-glycans, which, together with the identification of key lysosomal glycosidases, suggest that MHC-II peptide antigen processing is accompanied by extensive N-glycan trimming. N-glycan remodelling appeared particularly dramatic for cell surface-located glycoproteins while less remodelling was observed for lysosomal-resident glycoproteins. Collectively, our findings indicate that both under- and hyper-processed N-glycans are prevalent features of endogenous MHC-II immunopeptides, an observation that demands further investigation to enable a better molecular-level understanding of immune surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Goodson
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebeca Kawahara
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayantani Chatterjee
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gabriel Goncalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua Fehring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan P. Croft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kawahara R, Ugonotti J, Chatterjee S, Tjondro HC, Loke I, Parker BL, Venkatakrishnan V, Dieckmann R, Sumer-Bayraktar Z, Karlsson-Bengtsson A, Bylund J, Thaysen-Andersen M. Glycoproteome remodeling and organelle-specific N-glycosylation accompany neutrophil granulopoiesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303867120. [PMID: 37639587 PMCID: PMC10483621 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303867120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils store microbicidal glycoproteins in cytosolic granules to fight intruding pathogens, but their granule distribution and formation mechanism(s) during granulopoiesis remain unmapped. Herein, we comprehensively profile the neutrophil N-glycoproteome with spatiotemporal resolution by analyzing four key types of intracellular organelles isolated from blood-derived neutrophils and during their maturation from bone marrow-derived progenitors using a glycomics-guided glycoproteomics approach. Interestingly, the organelles of resting neutrophils exhibited distinctive glycophenotypes including, most strikingly, highly truncated N-glycans low in α2,6-sialylation and Lewis fucosylation decorating a diverse set of microbicidal proteins (e.g., myeloperoxidase, azurocidin, neutrophil elastase) in the azurophilic granules. Excitingly, proteomics and transcriptomics data from discrete myeloid progenitor stages revealed that profound glycoproteome remodeling underpins the promyelocytic-to-metamyelocyte transition and that the glycophenotypic differences are driven primarily by dynamic changes in protein expression and less by changes within the glycosylation machinery. Notable exceptions were the oligosaccharyltransferase subunits responsible for initiation of N-glycoprotein biosynthesis that were strongly expressed in early myeloid progenitors correlating with relatively high levels of glycosylation of the microbicidal proteins in the azurophilic granules. Our study provides spatiotemporal insights into the complex neutrophil N-glycoproteome featuring intriguing organelle-specific N-glycosylation patterns formed by dynamic glycoproteome remodeling during the early maturation stages of the myeloid progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Kawahara
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| | - Julian Ugonotti
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | | | - Harry C. Tjondro
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Ian Loke
- Cordlife Group Limited, Singapore768160, Singapore
| | - Benjamin L. Parker
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3010, Australia
| | - Vignesh Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg41390, Sweden
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg41296, Sweden
| | - Regis Dieckmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg41390, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Karlsson-Bengtsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg41390, Sweden
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg41296, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg41390, Sweden
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carnielli CM, Melo de Lima Morais T, Malta de Sá Patroni F, Prado Ribeiro AC, Brandão TB, Sobroza E, Matos LL, Kowalski LP, Paes Leme AF, Kawahara R, Thaysen-Andersen M. Comprehensive glycoprofiling of oral tumours associates N-glycosylation with lymph node metastasis and patient survival. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023:100586. [PMID: 37268159 PMCID: PMC10336694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While altered protein glycosylation is regarded a trait of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the heterogeneous and dynamic glycoproteome of tumour tissues from OSCC patients remain unmapped. To this end, we here employ an integrated multi-omics approach comprising unbiased and quantitative glycomics and glycoproteomics applied to a cohort of resected primary tumour tissues from OSCC patients with (n = 19) and without (n = 12) lymph node metastasis. While all tumour tissues displayed relatively uniform N-glycome profiles suggesting overall stable global N-glycosylation during disease progression, altered expression of six sialylated N-glycans was found to correlate with lymph node metastasis. Notably, glycoproteomics and advanced statistical analyses uncovered altered site-specific N-glycosylation revealing previously unknown associations with several clinicopathological features. Importantly, the glycomics and glycoproteomics data unveiled that comparatively high abundance of two core-fucosylated and sialylated N-glycans (Glycan 40a and Glycan 46a) and one N-glycopeptide from fibronectin were associated with low patient survival, while a relatively low abundance of N-glycopeptides from both afamin and CD59 were also associated with poor survival. This study provides novel insight into the complex OSCC tissue N-glycoproteome forming an important resource to further explore the underpinning disease mechanisms and uncover new prognostic glyco-markers for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Moretto Carnielli
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970 SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Carolina Prado Ribeiro
- Serviço de Odontologia Oncológica, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP-FMUSP, São Paulo, 01246-000 SP, Brazil; Universidade Brasil, Fernandópolis, 15600-000 SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Bianca Brandão
- Serviço de Odontologia Oncológica, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP-FMUSP, São Paulo, 01246-000 SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro Sobroza
- Serviço de Odontologia Oncológica, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP-FMUSP, São Paulo, 01246-000 SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Luongo Matos
- Serviço de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP-FMUSP, São Paulo, 01246-000 SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, 01509-900, Brazil; Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970 SP, Brazil.
| | - Rebeca Kawahara
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW-2109, Australia; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW-2109, Australia; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chau TH, Chernykh A, Kawahara R, Thaysen-Andersen M. Critical considerations in N-glycoproteomics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 73:102272. [PMID: 36758418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
N-Glycoproteomics, the system-wide study of glycans asparagine-linked to protein carriers, holds a unique and still largely untapped potential to provide deep insights into the complexity and dynamics of the heterogeneous N-glycoproteome. Despite the advent of innovative analytical and informatics tools aiding the analysis, N-glycoproteomics remains challenging and consequently largely restricted to specialised laboratories. Aiming to stimulate discussions of method harmonisation, data standardisation and reporting guidelines to make N-glycoproteomics more reproducible and accessible to the community, we here discuss critical considerations related to the design and execution of N-glycoproteomics experiments and highlight good practices in N-glycopeptide data collection, analysis, interpretation and sharing. Giving the rapid maturation and, expectedly, a wide-spread implementation of N-glycoproteomics capabilities across the community in future years, this piece aims to point out common pitfalls, to encourage good data sharing and documentation practices, and to highlight practical solutions and strategies to enhance the insight into the N-glycoproteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- The Huong Chau
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anastasia Chernykh
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebeca Kawahara
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
You H, Zhang N, Yu T, Ma L, Li Q, Wang X, Yuan D, Kong D, Liu X, Hu W, Liu D, Kong F, Zheng K, Tang R. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes MAN1B1 expression by enhancing stability of GRP78 via TRIM25 to facilitate hepatocarcinogenesis. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:992-1004. [PMID: 36635499 PMCID: PMC10006172 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GRP78 has been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the clinical relevance, biological functions and related regulatory mechanisms of GRP78 in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatoma carcinoma (HCC) remain elusive. METHODS The association between GRP78 expression and HBV-related HCC was investigated. The effects of HBV X protein (HBX) on GRP78 and MAN1B1 expression, biological functions of GRP78 and MAN1B1 in HBX-mediated HCC cells and mechanisms related to TRIM25 on GRP78 upregulation to induce MAN1B1 expression in HBX-related HCC cells were examined. RESULTS GRP78 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in HBV-positive HCC. HBX increased MAN1B1 protein expression depending on GRP78, and HBX enhanced the levels of MAN1B1 to promote proliferation, migration and PI3-K/mTOR signalling pathway activation in HCC cells. GRP78 activates Smad4 via its interaction with Smad4 to increase MAN1B1 expression in HBX-expressing HCC cells. TRIM25 enhanced the stability of GRP78 by inhibiting its ubiquitination. HBX binds to GRP78 and TRIM25 and accelerates their interaction of GRP78 and TRIM25, leading to an increase in GRP78 expression. CONCLUSIONS HBX enhances the stability of GRP78 through TRIM25 to increase the expression of MAN1B1 to facilitate tumorigenesis, and we provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying HBV-induced malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory Department, The People's Hospital of Funing, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongchen Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Delong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangye Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiliate Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiliate Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yan X, Nie X, Li Q, Gao F, Liu P, Tan Z, Shi H. Expression and Characterization of a GH38 α-Mannosidase from the Hyperthermophile Pseudothermotoga thermarum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1823-1836. [PMID: 36399304 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the bio-characterization of a GH38 α-mannosidase from the hyperthermophile Pseudothermotoga thermarum DSM 5069. We aimed to successfully express and characterize this thermophilic α-mannosidase and to assess its functional properties. Subsequently, recombinant α-mannosidase PtαMan was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and purified via affinity chromatography, and native protein was verified as a tetramer by size exclusion chromatography. In addition, the activity of α-mannosidase PtαMan was relatively stable at pH 5.0-6.5 and temperatures up to 75 ℃. α-Mannosidase PtαMan was active toward Co2+ and had a good catalytic efficiency deduced from the kinetic parameters. However, its activity was strongly inhibited by Cu2+, Zn2+, SDS, and swainsonine. In summary, this cobalt-required α-mannosidase is putatively involved in the direct modification of glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinling Nie
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingfei Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongbiao Tan
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hall MK, Shajahan A, Burch AP, Hatchett CJ, Azadi P, Schwalbe RA. Limited N-Glycan Processing Impacts Chaperone Expression Patterns, Cell Growth and Cell Invasiveness in Neuroblastoma. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:293. [PMID: 36829569 PMCID: PMC9953357 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced N-glycan branching is associated with cancer, but recent investigations supported the involvement of less processed N-glycans. Herein, we investigated how changes in N-glycosylation influence cellular properties in neuroblastoma (NB) using rat N-glycan mutant cell lines, NB_1(-Mgat1), NB_1(-Mgat2) and NB_1(-Mgat3), as well as the parental cell line NB_1. The two earlier mutant cells have compromised N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnT-I) and GnT-II activities. Lectin blotting showed that NB_1(-Mgat3) cells had decreased activity of GnT-III compared to NB_1. ESI-MS profiles identified N-glycan structures in NB cells, supporting genetic edits. NB_1(-Mgat1) had the most oligomannose N-glycans and the greatest cell invasiveness, while NB_1(-Mgat2) had the fewest and least cell invasiveness. The proliferation rate of NB_1 was slightly slower than NB_1(-Mgat3), but faster than NB_1(-Mgat1) and NB_1(-Mgat2). Faster proliferation rates were due to the faster progression of those cells through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Further higher levels of oligomannose with 6-9 Man residues indicated faster proliferating cells. Human NB cells with higher oligomannose N-glycans were more invasive and had slower proliferation rates. Both rat and human NB cells revealed modified levels of ER chaperones. Thus, our results support a role of oligomannose N-glycans in NB progression; furthermore, perturbations in the N-glycosylation pathway can impact chaperone systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kristen Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Adam P. Burch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Cody J. Hatchett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ruth A. Schwalbe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chau TH, Chernykh A, Ugonotti J, Parker BL, Kawahara R, Thaysen-Andersen M. Glycomics-Assisted Glycoproteomics Enables Deep and Unbiased N-Glycoproteome Profiling of Complex Biological Specimens. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2628:235-263. [PMID: 36781790 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2978-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-driven glycomics and glycoproteomics, the system-wide profiling of detached glycans and intact glycopeptides from biological samples, respectively, are powerful approaches to interrogate the heterogenous glycoproteome. Efforts to develop integrated workflows employing both glycomics and glycoproteomics have been invested since the concerted application of these complementary approaches enables a deeper exploration of the glycoproteome. This protocol paper outlines, step-by-step, an integrated -omics technology, the "glycomics-assisted glycoproteomics" method, that first establishes the N-glycan fine structures and their quantitative distribution pattern of protein extracts via porous graphitized carbon-LC-MS/MS. The N-glycome information is then used to augment and guide the challenging reversed-phase LC-MS/MS-based profiling of intact N-glycopeptides from the same protein samples. Experimental details and considerations relating to the sample preparation and the N-glycomics and N-glycoproteomics data collection, analysis, and integration are discussed. Benefits of the glycomics-assisted glycoproteomics method, which can be readily applied to both simple and complex biological specimens such as protein extracts from cells, tissues, and bodily fluids (e.g., serum), include quantitative information of the protein carriers and site(s) of glycosylation, site occupancy, and the site-specific glycan structures directly from biological samples. The glycomics-assisted glycoproteomics method therefore facilitates a comprehensive view of the complexity and dynamics of the heterogenous glycoproteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- The Huong Chau
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anastasia Chernykh
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian Ugonotti
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebeca Kawahara
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Veličković D, Sharma K, Alexandrov T, Hodgin JB, Anderton CR. Controlled Humidity Levels for Fine Spatial Detail Information in Enzyme-Assisted N-Glycan MALDI MSI. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1577-1580. [PMID: 35802124 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the spatial distribution of N-glycans in tissue specimens has emerged as a powerful tool in clinical research, in part, because altered N-glycans are often a hallmark of disease progression. Mass spectrometry imaging of N-glycans relies on peptide N-glycanase spraying and tissue incubation for efficient in situ release of N-glycans from their carrier proteins. Unstandardized and uncontrolled incubation steps often cause significant delocalization of released N-glycans, resulting in the inability to link given N-glycan composition to a specific microanatomical region in the tissue. Herein, we optimized the incubation step to provide accurate and sensitive MALDI-MSI of N-glycans. Specifically, we tested saturated solutions of various salts that maintain constant relative humidity in the incubation chamber. We showed that the best performance was achieved using a saturated solution of KNO3 that maintains an 89% RH. Under these conditions, near maximal sensitivity was achieved with the minutest ion delocalization, which we demonstrated at a 35 μm spatial resolution, where we observed six distinct spatial patterns that colocalize to distinct microanatomical compartments in a kidney nephrectomy tissue section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Veličković
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Theodore Alexandrov
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cummings RD. The mannose receptor ligands and the macrophage glycome. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102394. [PMID: 35617912 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A unique glycan-binding protein expressed in macrophages and some types of other immune cells is the mannose receptor (MR, CD206). It is an endocytic, transmembrane protein with multiple glycan-binding domains and different specificities in binding glycans. The mannose receptor is important as it has major roles in diverse biological processes, including regulation of circulating levels of reproductive hormones, homeostasis, innate immunity, and infections. These different functions involve the recognition of a wide range of glycans, and their nature is currently under intense study. But the mannose receptor is just one of many glycan-binding proteins expressed in macrophages, leading to an interest in the potential relationship between the macrophage glycome and how it may regulate cognate glycan-binding protein activities. This review focuses primarily on the mannose receptor and its carbohydrate ligands, as well as macrophages and their glycomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|