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Wu Z, Huang D, Wang J, Zhao Y, Sun W, Shen X. Engineering Heterogeneous Tumor Models for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304160. [PMID: 37946674 PMCID: PMC10767453 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor tissue engineering holds great promise for replicating the physiological and behavioral characteristics of tumors in vitro. Advances in this field have led to new opportunities for studying the tumor microenvironment and exploring potential anti-cancer therapeutics. However, the main obstacle to the widespread adoption of tumor models is the poor understanding and insufficient reconstruction of tumor heterogeneity. In this review, the current progress of engineering heterogeneous tumor models is discussed. First, the major components of tumor heterogeneity are summarized, which encompasses various signaling pathways, cell proliferations, and spatial configurations. Then, contemporary approaches are elucidated in tumor engineering that are guided by fundamental principles of tumor biology, and the potential of a bottom-up approach in tumor engineering is highlighted. Additionally, the characterization approaches and biomedical applications of tumor models are discussed, emphasizing the significant role of engineered tumor models in scientific research and clinical trials. Lastly, the challenges of heterogeneous tumor models in promoting oncology research and tumor therapy are described and key directions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Danqing Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Weijian Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
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2
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Gibson SV, Madzharova E, Tan AC, Allen MD, Keller UAD, Louise Jones J, Carter EP, Grose RP. ADAMTS3 restricts cancer invasion in models of early breast cancer progression through enhanced fibronectin degradation. Matrix Biol 2023; 121:74-89. [PMID: 37336268 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteases have long been associated with cancer progression, due to their ability to facilitate invasion upon matrix remodelling. However, proteases are not simply degraders of the matrix, but also play fundamental roles in modulating cellular behaviour through the proteolytic processing of specific substrates. Indeed, proteases can elicit both pro- and anti- tumorigenic effects depending on context. Using a heterocellular spheroid model of breast cancer progression, we demonstrate the repressive function of myoepithelial ADAMTS3, with its loss directing myoepithelial-led invasion of luminal cells through a physiologically relevant matrix. Degradomic analysis, using terminal amine isotopic labelling of substrates (TAILS), combined with functional assays, implicate ADAMTS3 as a mediator of fibronectin degradation. We show further that loss of ADAMTS3 enhances levels of fibronectin in the microenvironment, promoting invasion through canonical integrin α5β1 activation. Our data highlight a tumour suppressive role for ADAMTS3 in early stage breast cancer, and contribute to the growing evidence that proteases can restrain cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayin V Gibson
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Elizabeta Madzharova
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amandine C Tan
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michael D Allen
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Edward P Carter
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Richard P Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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3
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Moya-Garcia CR, Okuyama H, Sadeghi N, Li J, Tabrizian M, Li-Jessen NYK. In vitro models for head and neck cancer: Current status and future perspective. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960340. [PMID: 35992863 PMCID: PMC9381731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year overall survival rate remains approximately 50% for head and neck (H&N) cancer patients, even though new cancer drugs have been approved for clinical use since 2016. Cancer drug studies are now moving toward the use of three-dimensional culture models for better emulating the unique tumor microenvironment (TME) and better predicting in vivo response to cancer treatments. Distinctive TME features, such as tumor geometry, heterogenous cellularity, and hypoxic cues, notably affect tissue aggressiveness and drug resistance. However, these features have not been fully incorporated into in vitro H&N cancer models. This review paper aims to provide a scholarly assessment of the designs, contributions, and limitations of in vitro models in H&N cancer drug research. We first review the TME features of H&N cancer that are most relevant to in vitro drug evaluation. We then evaluate a selection of advanced culture models, namely, spheroids, organotypic models, and microfluidic chips, in their applications for H&N cancer drug research. Lastly, we propose future opportunities of in vitro H&N cancer research in the prospects of high-throughput drug screening and patient-specific drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideaki Okuyama
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nader Sadeghi
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Maryam Tabrizian, ; Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen,
| | - Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Maryam Tabrizian, ; Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen,
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Horowitz LF, Rodriguez AD, Au-Yeung A, Bishop KW, Barner LA, Mishra G, Raman A, Delgado P, Liu JTC, Gujral TS, Mehrabi M, Yang M, Pierce RH, Folch A. Microdissected "cuboids" for microfluidic drug testing of intact tissues. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:122-142. [PMID: 33174580 PMCID: PMC8205430 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As preclinical animal tests often do not accurately predict drug effects later observed in humans, most drugs under development fail to reach the market. Thus there is a critical need for functional drug testing platforms that use human, intact tissues to complement animal studies. To enable future multiplexed delivery of many drugs to one small biopsy, we have developed a multi-well microfluidic platform that selectively treats cuboidal-shaped microdissected tissues or "cuboids" with well-preserved tissue microenvironments. We create large numbers of uniformly-sized cuboids by semi-automated sectioning of tissue with a commercially available tissue chopper. Here we demonstrate the microdissection method on normal mouse liver, which we characterize with quantitative 3D imaging, and on human glioma xenograft tumors, which we evaluate after time in culture for viability and preservation of the microenvironment. The benefits of size uniformity include lower heterogeneity in future biological assays as well as facilitation of their physical manipulation by automation. Our prototype platform consists of a microfluidic circuit whose hydrodynamic traps immobilize the live cuboids in arrays at the bottom of a multi-well plate. Fluid dynamics simulations enabled the rapid evaluation of design alternatives and operational parameters. We demonstrate the proof-of-concept application of model soluble compounds such as dyes (CellTracker, Hoechst) and the cancer drug cisplatin. Upscaling of the microfluidic platform and microdissection method to larger arrays and numbers of cuboids could lead to direct testing of human tissues at high throughput, and thus could have a significant impact on drug discovery and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Horowitz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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5
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Piasecka D, Braun M, Mieszkowska M, Kowalczyk L, Kopczynski J, Kordek R, Sadej R, Romanska HM. Upregulation of HIF1-α via an NF-κB/COX2 pathway confers proliferative dominance of HER2-negative ductal carcinoma in situ cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. Neoplasia 2020; 22:576-589. [PMID: 32980776 PMCID: PMC7522292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are data to suggest that some ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may evolve through an evolutionary bottleneck, where minor clones susceptible to the imposed selective pressure drive disease progression. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an impact of the inflammatory environment on DCIS evolution is HER2-dependent, conferring proliferative dominance of HER2-negative cells. In tissue samples, density of tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) was associated only with high tumour nuclear grade, but in 9% of predominantly HER2-negative cases, the presence of tumoral foci ('hot-spots') of basal-like cells with HIF1-α activity adjacent to the areas of dense stromal infiltration was noted. Results of in vitro analyses further demonstrated that IL-1β and TNF-α as well as macrophage-conditioned medium triggered phosphorylation of NF-κB and subsequent upregulation of COX2 and HIF1-α, exclusively in HER2-negative cells. Treatment with both IL-1β and TNF-α resulted in growth stimulation and inhibition of HER2-negative and HER2-positive cells, respectively. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of HIF1-α rescued HER2-positive cells from the negative effect of IL-1β and TNF-α on cell growth. Our data provide novel insight into the molecular basis of HER2-dependent proliferation of DCIS cells and indicate the NF-κB/COX2 → HIF1-α signalling axis as a dominant mechanism of DCIS evolution induced by inflammatory microenvironment. Presented findings also highlight the clinical significance of heterogeneity of DCIS tumours and suggest that HIF1-α might be considered as a predictive marker of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Piasecka
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mieszkowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Kopczynski
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Radzislaw Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Hanna M Romanska
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Rodriguez A, Horowitz L, Castro K, Kenerson H, Bhattacharjee N, Gandhe G, Raman A, Monnat RJ, Yeung R, Rostomily R, Folch A. A microfluidic platform for functional testing of cancer drugs on intact tumor slices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1658-1675. [PMID: 32270149 PMCID: PMC7679198 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00811j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Present approaches to assess cancer treatments are often inaccurate, costly, and/or cumbersome. Functional testing platforms that use live tumor cells are a promising tool both for drug development and for identifying the optimal therapy for a given patient, i.e. precision oncology. However, current methods that utilize patient-derived cells from dissociated tissue typically lack the microenvironment of the tumor tissue and/or cannot inform on a timescale rapid enough to guide decisions for patient-specific therapy. We have developed a microfluidic platform that allows for multiplexed drug testing of intact tumor slices cultured on a porous membrane. The device is digitally-manufactured in a biocompatible thermoplastic by laser-cutting and solvent bonding. Here we describe the fabrication process in detail, we characterize the fluidic performance of the device, and demonstrate on-device drug-response testing with tumor slices from xenografts and from a patient colorectal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.D Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - L.F Horowitz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - K. Castro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - H. Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - N. Bhattacharjee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - G. Gandhe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - A. Raman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - R. J. Monnat
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - R. Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - R.C. Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery
| | - A. Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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7
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Morgan MM, Schuler LA, Ciciliano JC, Johnson BP, Alarid ET, Beebe DJ. Modeling chemical effects on breast cancer: the importance of the microenvironment in vitro. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 12:21-33. [PMID: 32118264 PMCID: PMC7060306 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that our ability to predict chemical effects on breast cancer is limited by a lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models; the typical in vitro breast cancer model consists of the cancer cell and excludes the mammary microenvironment. As the effects of the microenvironment on cancer cell behavior becomes more understood, researchers have called for the integration of the microenvironment into in vitro chemical testing systems. However, given the complexity of the microenvironment and the variety of platforms to choose from, identifying the essential parameters to include in a chemical testing platform is challenging. This review discusses the need for more complex in vitro breast cancer models and outlines different approaches used to model breast cancer in vitro. We provide examples of the microenvironment modulating breast cancer cell responses to chemicals and discuss strategies to help pinpoint what components should be included in a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Morgan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jordan C Ciciliano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian P Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Rumaner M, Horowitz L, Ovadya A, Folch A. Thread as a Low-Cost Material for Microfluidic Assays on Intact Tumor Slices. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10070481. [PMID: 31319620 PMCID: PMC6680473 DOI: 10.3390/mi10070481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe the use of thread as a low-cost material for a microfluidic chemosensitivity assay that uses intact tumor tissue ex vivo. Today, the need for new and effective cancer treatments is greater than ever, but unfortunately, the cost of developing new chemotherapy drugs has never been higher. Implementation of low-cost microfluidic techniques into drug screening devices could potentially mitigate some of the immense cost of drug development. Thread is an ideal material for use in drug screening as it is inexpensive, widely available, and can transport liquid without external pumping hardware, i.e., via capillary action. We have developed an inexpensive microfluidic delivery prototype that uses silk threads to selectively deliver fluids onto subregions of living xenograft tumor slices. Our device can be fabricated completely for less than $0.25 in materials and requires no external equipment to operate. We found that by varying thread materials, we could optimize device characteristics, such as flow rate; we specifically explored the behavior of silk, nylon, cotton, and polyester. The incremental cost of our device is insignificant compared to the tissue culture supplies. The use of thread as a microfluidic material has the potential to produce inexpensive, accessible, and user-friendly devices for drug testing that are especially suited for low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Rumaner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Lisa Horowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Avital Ovadya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Pauli C, Moch H, Rubin MA. [Establishment of a living biobank : Improved guidance of precision cancer care with in vitro and in vivo cancer models]. DER PATHOLOGE 2019; 38:160-168. [PMID: 28956107 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-017-0346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precision oncology is a clinical approach aimed towards tailoring treatment strategies for patients based on the genetic profile of each patient's cancer. The integration of a living biobank, consisting of patient-derived tumor organoids and PDXs, with next generation sequencing approaches and high-throughput drug screening help to guide clinical decision-making and clinical trial development. METHODS Tumor organoids derived from fresh tumor samples were used for in vitro and in vivo high-throughput drug testing. RESULTS Over a period of two years we established 56 in vitro tumor organoids and 19 in vivo xenografts from 18 different solid tumor types. Tumor morphology and molecular profiles show good concordance between the in vitro and in vivo models compared to their native tumor. High-throughput drug screening (up to 160 drugs) has been tested on eight tumor organoid lines. Seven of them underwent an additional combination drug screen. We nominated several targeted small molecules and novel combinations that have been validated in corresponding xenograft models. CONCLUSION This precision medicine approach outlines the integration of genomic data with drug screening from personalized preclinical cancer models to guide precision cancer care. It also fuels next generation research and has been implemented for clinical trial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pauli
- Institut für Pathologie und Molekularpathologie, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz. .,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - H Moch
- Institut für Pathologie und Molekularpathologie, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - M A Rubin
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.,Departement Klinische Forschung, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Bern, Bern, Schweiz
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Roberts S, Peyman S, Speirs V. Current and Emerging 3D Models to Study Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:413-427. [PMID: 31456197 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For decades 2D culture has been used to study breast cancer. In recent years, however, the importance of 3D culture to recapitulate the complexity of human disease has received attention. A breakthrough for 3D culture came as a result of a Nature editorial 'Goodbye Flat Biology' (Anonymous, Nature 424:861-861, 2003). Since then scientists have developed and implemented a range of different and more clinically relevant models, which are used to study breast cancer. In this chapter multiple different 3D models will be discussed including spheroids, microfluidic and bio-printed models and in silico models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Roberts
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sally Peyman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Álvarez-García YR, Ramos-Cruz KP, Agostini-Infanzón RJ, Stallcop LE, Beebe DJ, Warrick JW, Domenech M. Open multi-culture platform for simple and flexible study of multi-cell type interactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3184-3195. [PMID: 30204194 PMCID: PMC8815088 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00560e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of multi-cell-type (MCT) interactions has the potential to significantly impact our understanding of tissue and disease biology. Such studies require innovative culture tools for unraveling the contributions of each cell type. Micro- and macro-scale platforms for MCT culture each have different advantages and disadvantages owing to their widely different capabilities, availability, and ease-of-use. However, as evidenced in the literature, there are very few examples of MCT studies and culture platforms, suggesting both biological and technical barriers. We have developed an open multi-culture platform to promote more rapid progress by integrating advantages of both micro- and macro-scale culture devices. The proposed open multi-culture platform addresses technical barriers by allowing easy customization, independent control of basic physical culture parameters, and incorporation of multiple culture modalities (e.g., 2D, 3D, transwell, and spheroid). The design also permits the user to obtain independent endpoints for each culture region. We demonstrate use of the platform in two example studies where we evaluated how cell ratio and cell types influence the response of triple negative breast cancer cells to heat damage and Hedgehog signaling. We also show that the platform can improve soluble factor transport between cell types compared to compartmentalized macro- and micro-scale alternatives. Last, we examine current and future challenges of the platform. We envision simple, yet flexible and customizable, platforms such as this will be important for advancing in vitro study of tissue and tumor biology.
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12
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Sokolova EA, Vodeneev VA, Deyev SM, Balalaeva IV. 3D in vitro models of tumors expressing EGFR family receptors: a potent tool for studying receptor biology and targeted drug development. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:99-111. [PMID: 30205170 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carcinomas overexpressing EGFR family receptors are of high clinical importance, because the receptors have prognostic value and are used as molecular targets for anticancer therapy. Insufficient drug efficacy necessitates further in-depth research of the receptor biology and improvement in preclinical stages of drug evaluation. Here, we review the currently used advanced 3D in vitro models of tumors, including tumor spheroids, models in natural and synthetic matrices, tumor organoids and microfluidic-based models, as a potent tool for studying EGFR biology and targeted drug development. We are especially focused on factors that affect the biology of tumor cells, causing modification in the expression and basic phosphorylation of the receptors, crosstalk with other signaling pathways and switch between downstream cascades, resulting ultimately in the resistance to antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Sokolova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Vodeneev
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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13
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Luminal MCF-12A & myoepithelial-like Hs 578Bst cells form bilayered acini similar to human breast. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO315. [PMID: 30112185 PMCID: PMC6088263 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium's functional unit is the bilayered acinus, made of a layer of luminal cells, surrounded by a layer of basal cells mainly composed of myoepithelial cells. Aim The aim of this study was to develop a reproducible and manipulable 3D co-culture model of the bilayered acinus in vitro to study the interactions between the two layers. Materials & methods Two different combinations of cell lines were co-cultured in Matrigel: SCp2 and SCg6 mice cells, or MCF-12A and Hs 578Bst human cell lines. Results Confocal microscopy analysis showed that only MCF-12A and Hs 578Bst cells could form some bilayered acini. This in vitro bilayered acini model will allow us to understand the role of interactions between luminal and myoepithelial cells in the normal breast development.
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14
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Nitschinsk K, Idris A, McMillan N. Patient derived xenografts as models for head and neck cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 434:114-119. [PMID: 30031118 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Translational cancer research has benefitted significantly from the generation of preclinical models that recapitulate the native tumour environment. While conventional cell models have contributed substantially to the current understanding of cancer biology and therapeutic development, a missing link between cell culture and their clinical applications is evident. Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models represent this missing link as they enable the examination of patient tumour tissue in a native environment without significantly affecting the cellular complexity, genomics, and stromal architecture of the neoplasms. The use of PDXs to model head and neck cancer (HNC) begets the development of novel therapeutics, increased understanding of tumorigenesis and the advent of personalised treatments cancer patients. There has been an increase in attempts to generate viable PDXs for HNCs in recent years. This concise review summarizes the current developments in the field of PDXs for HNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Nitschinsk
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - A Idris
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Na McMillan
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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15
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Hopkinson BM, Klitgaard MC, Petersen OW, Villadsen R, Rønnov-Jessen L, Kim J. Establishment of a normal-derived estrogen receptor-positive cell line comparable to the prevailing human breast cancer subtype. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10580-10593. [PMID: 28076334 PMCID: PMC5354682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding human cancer increasingly relies on insight gained from subtype specific comparisons between malignant and non-malignant cells. The most frequent subtype in breast cancer is the luminal. By far the most frequently used model for luminal breast cancer is the iconic estrogen receptor-positive (ERpos) MCF7 cell line. However, luminal specific comparisons have suffered from the lack of a relevant non-malignant counterpart. Our previous work has shown that transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGFβR) inhibition suffices to propagate prospectively isolated ERpos human breast luminal cells from reduction mammoplasties (HBEC). Here we demonstrate that transduction of these cells with hTERT/shp16 renders them immortal while remaining true to the luminal lineage including expression of functional ER (iHBECERpos). Under identical culture conditions a major difference between MCF7 and normal-derived cells is the dependence of the latter on TGFβR inhibition for ER expression. In a breast fibroblast co-culture model we further show that whereas MCF7 proliferate concurrently with ER expression, iHBECERpos form correctly polarized acini, and segregate into proliferating and ER expressing cells. We propose that iHBECERpos may serve to shed light on hitherto unappreciated differences in ER regulation and function between normal breast and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden M Hopkinson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie C Klitgaard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole William Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Villadsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Rønnov-Jessen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Streuli CH. Integrins as architects of cell behavior. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 27:2885-8. [PMID: 27687254 PMCID: PMC5042575 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors that bind cells to their physical external environment, linking the extracellular matrix to cell function. They are essential in the biology of all animals. In the late 1980s, we discovered that integrins are required for the ability of breast epithelia to do what they are programmed to do, which is to differentiate and make milk. Since then, integrins have been shown to control most other aspects of phenotype: to stay alive, to divide, and to move about. Integrins also provide part of the mechanism that allows cells to form tissues. Here I discuss how we discovered that integrins control mammary gland differentiation and explore the role of integrins as central architects of other aspects of cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Streuli
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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17
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Roberts S, Speirs V. Advances in the development of improved animal-free models for use in breast cancer biomedical research. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:321-327. [PMID: 28748520 PMCID: PMC5578919 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Through translational research, the outcomes for women (and men) diagnosed with breast cancer have improved significantly, with now over 80% of women surviving for at least 5 years post-diagnosis. Much of this success has been translated from the bench to the bedside using laboratory models. Here, we outline the types of laboratory models that have helped achieve this and discuss new approaches as we move towards animal-free disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Roberts
- Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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18
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Pauli C, Hopkins BD, Prandi D, Shaw R, Fedrizzi T, Sboner A, Sailer V, Augello M, Puca L, Rosati R, McNary TJ, Churakova Y, Cheung C, Triscott J, Pisapia D, Rao R, Mosquera JM, Robinson B, Faltas BM, Emerling BE, Gadi VK, Bernard B, Elemento O, Beltran H, Demichelis F, Kemp CJ, Grandori C, Cantley LC, Rubin MA. Personalized In Vitro and In Vivo Cancer Models to Guide Precision Medicine. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:462-477. [PMID: 28331002 PMCID: PMC5413423 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 646] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine is an approach that takes into account the influence of individuals' genes, environment, and lifestyle exposures to tailor interventions. Here, we describe the development of a robust precision cancer care platform that integrates whole-exome sequencing with a living biobank that enables high-throughput drug screens on patient-derived tumor organoids. To date, 56 tumor-derived organoid cultures and 19 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have been established from the 769 patients enrolled in an Institutional Review Board-approved clinical trial. Because genomics alone was insufficient to identify therapeutic options for the majority of patients with advanced disease, we used high-throughput drug screening to discover effective treatment strategies. Analysis of tumor-derived cells from four cases, two uterine malignancies and two colon cancers, identified effective drugs and drug combinations that were subsequently validated using 3-D cultures and PDX models. This platform thereby promotes the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches that can be assessed in clinical trials and provides personalized therapeutic options for individual patients where standard clinical options have been exhausted.Significance: Integration of genomic data with drug screening from personalized in vitro and in vivo cancer models guides precision cancer care and fuels next-generation research. Cancer Discov; 7(5); 462-77. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Picco and Garnett, p. 456This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Pauli
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Davide Prandi
- Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Reid Shaw
- Cure First and SEngine Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Andrea Sboner
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Verena Sailer
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael Augello
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Loredana Puca
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Rachele Rosati
- Cure First and SEngine Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Terra J McNary
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Yelena Churakova
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Cynthia Cheung
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Joanna Triscott
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - David Pisapia
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rema Rao
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Juan Miguel Mosquera
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Brian Robinson
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bishoy M Faltas
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Vijayakrishna K Gadi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brady Bernard
- Cure First and SEngine Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Carla Grandori
- Cure First and SEngine Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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19
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Carter EP, Gopsill JA, Gomm JJ, Jones JL, Grose RP. A 3D in vitro model of the human breast duct: a method to unravel myoepithelial-luminal interactions in the progression of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:50. [PMID: 28427436 PMCID: PMC5399380 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 3D modelling fulfils a critical role in research, allowing for complex cell behaviour and interactions to be studied in physiomimetic conditions. With tissue banks becoming established for a number of cancers, researchers now have access to primary patient cells, providing the perfect building blocks to recreate and interrogate intricate cellular systems in the laboratory. The ducts of the human breast are composed of an inner layer of luminal cells supported by an outer layer of myoepithelial cells. In early-stage ductal carcinoma in situ, cancerous luminal cells are confined to the ductal space by an intact myoepithelial layer. Understanding the relationship between myoepithelial and luminal cells in the development of cancer is critical for the development of new therapies and prognostic markers. This requires the generation of new models that allows for the manipulation of these two cell types in a physiological setting. Methods Using access to the Breast Cancer Now Tissue Bank, we isolated pure populations of myoepithelial and luminal cells from human reduction mammoplasty specimens and placed them into 2D culture. These cells were infected with lentiviral particles encoding either fluorescent proteins, to facilitate cell tracking, or an inducible human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression construct. Myoepithelial and luminal cells were then recombined in collagen gels, and the resulting cellular structures were analysed by confocal microscopy. Results Myoepithelial and luminal cells isolated from reduction mammoplasty specimens can be grown separately in 2D culture and retain their differentiated state. When recombined in collagen gels, these cells reform into physiologically reflective bilayer structures. Inducible expression of HER2 in the luminal compartment, once the bilayer has formed, leads to robust luminal filling, recapitulating ductal carcinoma in situ, and can be blocked with anti-HER2 therapies. Conclusions This model allows for the interaction between myoepithelial and luminal cells to be investigated in an in-vitro environment and paves the way to study early events in breast cancer development with the potential to act as a powerful drug discovery platform. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0843-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Carter
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - James A Gopsill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Jennifer J Gomm
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - J Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Richard P Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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20
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Gong X, Wu J, Wu J, Liu J, Gu H, Shen H. Correlation of SASH1 expression and ultrasonographic features in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:271-276. [PMID: 28138250 PMCID: PMC5237597 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s119244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective SASH1 is a member of the SH3/SAM adapter molecules family and has been identified as a new tumor suppressor and critical protein in signal transduction. An ectopic expression of SASH1 is associated with decreased cell viability of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the association between SASH1 expression and the ultrasonographic features in breast cancer. Patients and methods A total of 186 patients diagnosed with breast cancer were included in this study. The patients received preoperative ultrasound examination, and the expression of SASH1 was determined using immunohistochemistry methods. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between SASH1-positive expression and the ultrasonographic features. Results The positive expression of SASH1 was observed in 63 (33.9%) patients. The positive expression rate of SASH1 was significantly decreased in patients with breast cancer (63/186, 33.9%) compared with controls (P<0.001). The positive expression rate of SASH1 was significantly decreased in patients with edge burr sign (P=0.025), lymph node metastasis (P=0.007), and a blood flow grade of III (P=0.013) compared with patients without those adverse ultrasonographic features. The expression of SASH1 was negatively correlated with edge burr sign (P=0.025), lymph node metastasis (P=0.007), and blood flow grade (P=0.003) of the patients with breast cancer. Conclusion The expression of SASH1 was inversely correlated with some critical ultrasonographic features, including edge burr sign, lymph node metastasis, and blood flow grade in breast cancer, and decreased SASH1 expression appears to be associated with adverse clinical and imaging features in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hao Shen
- Department of Doppler Ultrasonic, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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21
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Santo VE, Rebelo SP, Estrada MF, Alves PM, Boghaert E, Brito C. Drug screening in 3D in vitro tumor models: overcoming current pitfalls of efficacy read-outs. Biotechnol J 2016; 12. [PMID: 27966285 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is cumulating evidence that in vitro 3D tumor models with increased physiological relevance can improve the predictive value of pre-clinical research and ultimately contribute to achieve decisions earlier during the development of cancer-targeted therapies. Due to the role of tumor microenvironment in the response of tumor cells to therapeutics, the incorporation of different elements of the tumor niche on cell model design is expected to contribute to the establishment of more predictive in vitro tumor models. This review is focused on the several challenges and adjustments that the field of oncology research is facing to translate these advanced tumor cells models to drug discovery, taking advantage of the progress on culture technologies, imaging platforms, high throughput and automated systems. The choice of 3D cell model, the experimental design, choice of read-outs and interpretation of data obtained from 3D cell models are critical aspects when considering their implementation in drug discovery. In this review, we foresee some of these aspects and depict the potential directions of pre-clinical oncology drug discovery towards improved prediction of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E Santo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia P Rebelo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta F Estrada
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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22
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Prasad CP, Chaurasiya SK, Guilmain W, Andersson T. WNT5A signaling impairs breast cancer cell migration and invasion via mechanisms independent of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:144. [PMID: 27623766 PMCID: PMC5022188 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WNT5A (-/-) mammary tissue has been shown to exhibit increased ductal elongation, suggesting elevated mammary cell migration. Increased epithelial cell migration/invasion has often but not always been linked to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the current study, we investigated the loss of WNT5A in HB2 human mammary epithelial cells and hypothesized that this loss increased their invasion via the EMT. Based on these results, we postulated that suppression of breast cancer cell migration and invasion by WNT5A is due to EMT reversal. METHODS WNT5A was transiently knocked down using specific siRNAs, whereas WNT5A signaling was induced in MDA-MB468 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells by stably transfecting cells with WNT5A or treating them with recombinant WNT5A (rWNT5A). Changes in EMT markers, CD44, pAKT and AKT expression were assessed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The physiological relevance of altered WNT5A signaling was assessed using migration and invasion assays. RESULTS WNT5A knockdown in HB2 mammary epithelial cells resulted in EMT-like changes and increased invasiveness, and these changes were partially reversed by the addition of rWNT5A. These data suggest that WNT5A might inhibit breast cancer cell migration and invasion by a similar EMT reversal. Contrary to our expectations, we did not observe any changes in the EMT status of breast cancer cells, either after treatment with rWNT5A or stable transfection with a WNT5A plasmid, despite the parallel WNT5A-induced inhibition of migration and invasion. Instead, we found that WNT5A signaling impaired CD44 expression and its downstream signaling via AKT. Moreover, knocking down CD44 in breast cancer cells using siRNA impaired cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS WNT5A bi-directionally regulates EMT in mammary epithelial cells, thereby affecting their migration and invasion. However, the ability of WNT5A to inhibit breast cancer cell migration and invasion is an EMT-independent mechanism that, at least in part, can be explained by decreased CD44 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash Prasad
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Shivendra Kumar Chaurasiya
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.,Present Address: Department of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr HS Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - William Guilmain
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tommy Andersson
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
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23
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Roberts GC, Morris PG, Moss MA, Maltby SL, Palmer CA, Nash CE, Smart E, Holliday DL, Speirs V. An Evaluation of Matrix-Containing and Humanised Matrix-Free 3-Dimensional Cell Culture Systems for Studying Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157004. [PMID: 27300768 PMCID: PMC4907459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3D cell cultures are emerging as more physiologically meaningful alternatives to monolayer cultures for many biological applications. They are attractive because they more closely mimic in vivo morphology, especially when co-cultured with stromal fibroblasts. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We compared the efficacy of 3 different 3D cell culture systems; collagen I, low attachment culture vessels and a modification of Fibrolife®, a specialised humanised cell culture medium devoid of animal-derived components, using breast cancer cell lines representative of the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, cultured alone or with human mammary fibroblasts with a view to developing matrix-free humanised systems. 3D collagen I culture supported the growth of a range of breast cancer cell lines. By modifying the composition of Fibrolife® to epiFL, matrix-free cell culture was possible. During sequential transfer to epiFL breast cancer cells gradually detached from the flask, growing progressively as spheroids. Phenotype was stable and reversible with cells remaining actively proliferating and easily accessible throughout culture. They could also be revived from frozen stocks. To achieve co-culture with fibroblasts in epiFL required use of low attachment culture vessels instead of standard plastic as fibroblasts remained adherent in epiFL. Here, cancer cell spheroids were allowed to form before adding fibroblasts. Immunohistochemical examination showed fibroblasts scattered throughout the epithelial spheroid, not dissimilar to the relationship of tumour stroma in human breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Because of its ease of handling, matrix-free 3D cell culture may be a useful model to study the influence of fibroblasts on breast cancer epithelial cells with use of epiFL culture medium taking this a step further towards a fully humanised 3D model. This methodology could be applied to other types of cancer cell lines, making this a versatile technique for cancer researchers wishing to use in vitro systems that better reflect cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C. Roberts
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Morris
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus A. Moss
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Maltby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Chelsea A. Palmer
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E. Nash
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Smart
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah L. Holliday
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
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Pauli C, Puca L, Mosquera JM, Robinson BD, Beltran H, Rubin MA, Rao RA. An emerging role for cytopathology in precision oncology. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 124:167-73. [PMID: 26641771 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine is an emerging field in medicine for disease prevention and treatment that takes into account the individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each individual patient. The authors have developed a special program as part of the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine to grow patient-derived, 3-dimensional tumor organoids for tumor-specific drug testing, tailoring treatment strategies, and as models for studying drug resistance. Routine cytology preparations represent a cost-effective and powerful tool to aid in performing molecular testing in the age of personalized medicine. In this commentary, the platforms used for the characterization and validation of patient-derived, 3-dimensional tumor organoids are outlined and discussed, and the role of cytology as a cost-effective and powerful quality-control measure is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Pauli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Loredana Puca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Juan Miguel Mosquera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rema A Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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