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Christoph S, Alicia S, Fritz T, Vanessa T, Ralf K, Jin KY, Stefan L, Joachim O. The intra-tumoral heterogeneity in glioblastoma - a limitation for prognostic value of epigenetic markers? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:1635-1644. [PMID: 37083881 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigenetic tumor features are getting into focus as prognostic markers in glioblastoma. Whether intra-tumoral heterogeneity in these epigenetic characteristics may influence prognostic value remains unclear. METHODS Of 154 patients suffering from glioblastoma, 120 patients served as reference collective, while 34 patients were compiled as test collective. MGMT, p15, and p16 promoter methylation and miRNA expression levels (miRNA-21, miRNA-24, miRNA-26a, and miRNA-181d) were measured in each tumor specimen. Serving as a statistical baseline, epigenetic heterogeneity between tumors (inter-tumoral) was estimated within a triplet of three tumor specimens from three different reference patients. For estimation of epigenetic heterogeneity within a tumor (intra-tumoral), previous results were compared to three tumor specimens within one glioblastoma of patients of the test collective. Resulting levels of heterogeneity were then correlated with survival and validated by an external TCGA data set. RESULTS Heterogeneity in MGMT promoter methylation occurred less likely in the test group compared to the reference group. No difference in heterogeneity was observed between test and reference group regarding p15 and p16 methylation. Intra-tumoral heterogeneity within the test group regarding miRNA-21, miRNA-24, miRNA-26a, and miRNA-181d expression was not distinguishable from inter-tumoral heterogeneity. A homogenously increased miRNA-21 expression was associated with reduced overall survival in the test collective. The findings could be validated by comparison with TCGA datasets. CONCLUSION Heterogeneity of epigenetic characteristics in one glioblastoma may be of the same magnitude as heterogeneity between different patients. Not only the extent of epigenetic characteristics but also the extent of intra-tumoral heterogeneity may influence survival in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sippl Christoph
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Saenz Alicia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Teping Fritz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Trenkpohl Vanessa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ketter Ralf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kim Yoo Jin
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saarland, Glockenstraße 54, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Linsler Stefan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Oertel Joachim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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2
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Akhtarkhavari T, Bahrami AR, M Matin M. Downregulation of miR-21 as a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175233. [PMID: 36038011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous achievements in the field of targeted cancer therapy, chemotherapy is still the main treatment option, which is challenged by acquired drug resistance. Various microRNAs are involved in developing drug-resistant cells. miR-21 is one of the first identified miRNAs involved in this process. Here, we conducted a literature review to categorize different mechanisms employed by miR-21 to drive drug resistance. miR-21 targets various genes involved in many pathways that can justify chemoresistance. It alters cancer cell metabolism and facilitates adaptation to the new environment. It also enhances drug detoxification in cancerous cells and increases genomic instability. We also summarized various strategies applied for the inhibition of miR-21 in order to reverse cancer drug resistance. These strategies include the delivery of antagomiRs, miRZip knockdown vectors, inhibitory small molecules, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, catalytic nucleic acids, artificial DNA and RNA sponges, and nanostructures like mesoporous silica nanoparticles, dendrimers, and exosomes. Furthermore, current challenges and limitations in targeting miR-21 are discussed in this article. Although huge progress has been made in the downregulation of miR-21 in drug-resistant cancer cells, there are still many challenges to be resolved. More research is still required to find the best strategy and timeline for the downregulation of miR-21 and also the most feasible approach for the delivery of this system into the tumor cells. In conclusion, downregulation of miR-21 would be a promising strategy to reverse chemoresistance, but still, more studies are required to clarify the aforementioned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Akhtarkhavari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Yao ZP, Zhu H, Shen F, Gong D. Hsp90 regulates the tumorigenic function of tyrosine protein kinase in osteosarcoma. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:380-390. [PMID: 34767669 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, osteosarcoma remains as the most common bone cancer in children and is associated with poor prognosis. Growing evidence has supported dysregulation of threonine and tyrosine protein kinase (TTK) expression as a hallmark of multiple cancers, however, its function in osteosarcoma remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that TTK was frequently overexpressed in osteosarcoma and associated with increased tumour growth and progression. Moreover, using both in vitro and in vivo assays, we provided evidence that TTK level was regulated by a molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Hsp90 directly interacted with TTK and prevents proteasome-dependent TTK degradation, leading to the accumulation of TTK in osteosarcoma cells. Elevated TTK promoted cancer cell proliferation and survival by activating cell-cycle progression and inhibiting apoptosis. Consistently, depletion of TTK by Hsp90 inhibition induced cell-cycle arrest, generated aneuploidy and eventually resulted in apoptotic cancer cell death. Together, our study revealed an important Hsp90-TTK regulatory axis in osteosarcoma cells to promote cancer cell growth and survival. These findings expand our knowledge on osteosarcoma pathogenesis and offer novel therapeutic options for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Peng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Breast Cancer Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Dan Gong
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, China
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4
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Rezaei O, Honarmand K, Nateghinia S, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. miRNA signature in glioblastoma: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 117:104550. [PMID: 33010295 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcripts with sizes of about 22 nucleotides, which are produced through a multistep process in the nucleus and cytoplasm. These transcripts modulate the expression of their target genes through binding with certain target regions, particularly 3' suntranslated regions. They are involved in the pathogenesis of several kinds of cancers, such as glioblastoma. Several miRNAs, including miR-10b, miR-21, miR-17-92-cluster, and miR-93, have been up-regulated in glioblastoma cell lines and clinical samples. On the other hand, expression of miR-7, miR-29b, miR-32, miR-34, miR-181 family members, and a number of other miRNAs have been decreased in this type of cancer. In the current review, we explain the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma through providing a summary of studies that reported dysregulation of these epigenetic effectors in this kind of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omidvar Rezaei
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Honarmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Nateghinia
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Monopolar Spindle 1 Kinase (MPS1/TTK) mRNA Expression is Associated with Earlier Development of Clinical Symptoms, Tumor Aggressiveness and Survival of Glioma Patients. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070192. [PMID: 32635204 PMCID: PMC7399822 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the protein kinase MPS1, a mitotic spindle-checkpoint regulator, reinforces the effects of multiple therapies against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in experimental settings. We analyzed MPS1 mRNA-expression in gliomas WHO grade II, III and in clinical subgroups of GBM. Data were obtained by qPCR analysis of tumor and healthy brain specimens and correlated with the patients’ clinical data. MPS1 was overexpressed in all gliomas on an mRNA level (ANOVA, p < 0.01) and correlated with tumor aggressiveness. We explain previously published conflicting results on survival: high MPS1 was associated with poorer long term survival when all gliomas were analyzed combined in one group (Cox regression: t < 24 months, p = 0.009, Hazard ratio: 8.0, 95% CI: 1.7–38.4), with poorer survival solely in low-grade gliomas (LogRank: p = 0.02, Cox regression: p = 0.06, Hazard-Ratio: 8.0, 95% CI: 0.9–66.7), but not in GBM (LogRank: p > 0.05). This might be due to their lower tumor volume at the therapy start. GBM patients with high MPS1 mRNA-expression developed clinical symptoms at an earlier stage. This, however, did not benefit their overall survival, most likely due to the more aggressive tumor growth. Since MPS1 mRNA-expression in gliomas was enhanced with increasing tumor aggressiveness, patients with the worst outcome might benefit best from a treatment directed against MPS1.
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6
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Sippl C, Teping F, Ketter R, Braun L, Tremmel L, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Oertel J, Urbschat S. The Influence of Distinct Regulatory miRNAs of the p15/p16/RB1/E2F Pathway on the Clinical Progression of Glioblastoma Multiforme. World Neurosurg 2019; 132:e900-e908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Li X, Diao H. Circular RNA circ_0001946 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to inhibit glioblastoma progression by modulating miR-671-5p and CDR1. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13807-13819. [PMID: 30663767 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In many malignant tumors, circRNAs play an important role. However, the biological role and clinical significance of circRNAs remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of circ_0001946 on the progression of glioblastoma (GBM) and the molecular mechanism of circ_0001946. METHODS Microarrays were applied to test the expression profiles of circRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Coexpressed genes were identified by constructing differentially expressed circRNA-mRNA networks. The expression of circ_0001946, miR-671-5p, and cerebellar degeneration-related autoantigen 1 (CDR1) was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the protein expression of CDR1 was determined by western blotting. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate potential miR-671-5p target sites on circ_0001946 and CDR1. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of GBM cells were assessed by a colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, transwell migration assay, and transwell invasion assay. Xenograft mouse models were used to determine the role of circ_0001946 in vivo. RESULTS The expression of circ_0001946 and CDR1 was low and that of miR-671-5p was high in GBM cells. Circ_0001946 suppressed the expression of miR-671-5p, thus upregulating the expression of CDR1, the gene downstream of miR-671-5p. Circ_0001946 and CDR1 reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in GBM cells, whereas miR-671-5p had an opposite effect. The xenograft mouse model and immunohistochemistry results indicated that circ_0001946 inhibited GBM growth as well as the expression of Ki67 in GBM cells. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that the circ_0001946/miR-671-5p/ CDR1 pathway modulates the development of GBM, and this pathway might be a promising target for the development of therapeutics for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyu Diao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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8
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Bica-Pop C, Cojocneanu-Petric R, Magdo L, Raduly L, Gulei D, Berindan-Neagoe I. Overview upon miR-21 in lung cancer: focus on NSCLC. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3539-3551. [PMID: 30030592 PMCID: PMC11105782 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Considering the high mortality rate encountered in lung cancer, there is a strong need to explore new biomarkers for early diagnosis and also improved therapeutic targets to overcome this issue. The implementation of microRNAs as important regulators in cancer and other pathologies expanded the possibilities of lung cancer management and not only. MiR-21 represents an intensively studied microRNA in many types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its role as an oncogene is underlined in multiple studies reporting the upregulated expression of this sequence in patients diagnosed with this malignancy; moreover, several studies associated this increased expression of miR-21 with a worse outcome within NSCLC patients. The same pattern is supported by the data existent in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The carcinogenic advantage generated by miR-21 in NSCLC resides in the target genes involved in multiple pathways such as cell growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, but also chemo- and radioresistance. Therapeutic modulation of miR-21 by use of antisense sequences entrapped in different delivery systems has shown promising results in impairment of NSCLC. Hereby, we review the mechanisms of action of miR-21 in cancer and the associated changes upon tumor cells together a focused perspective on NSCLC signaling, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bica-Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5 Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă", 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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9
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TTK promotes mesenchymal signaling via multiple mechanisms in triple negative breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:69. [PMID: 30206215 PMCID: PMC6133923 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of TTK kinase has been associated with the initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance of breast and other cancers, but its roles remain to be clarified. In this study, we examined the role of TTK in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and found that higher TTK expression correlated with mesenchymal and proliferative phenotypes in TNBC cells. Pharmacologic inhibition and genomic silencing of TTK not only reversed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in TNBC cells, but also increased the expression of KLF5, an effector of TGF-β signaling and inhibitor of EMT. In addition, TTK inhibition decreased the expression of EMT-associated micro-RNA miR-21 but increased the expression of miR-200 family members and suppressed TGF-β signaling. To test if upregulation of KLF5 plays a role in TTK-induced EMT, TTK and KLF5 were silenced simultaneously, which reversed the decreased EMT caused by loss of TTK. Consistently, the decrease in miR-21 expression and increase in miR-200 expression caused by TTK silencing were rescued by loss of KLF5. Altogether, this study highlights a novel role and signaling pathway for TTK in regulating EMT of TN breast cancer cells through TGF-β and KLF5 signaling, highlighting targetable signaling pathways for TTK inhibitors in aggressive breast cancer.
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Ji W, Jiao J, Cheng C, Shao J. MicroRNA-21 in the Pathogenesis of Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1863-1868. [PMID: 30066160 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), an abundant class of small noncoding RNA molecules, which regulate gene expression by functioning as post-transcriptional regulatory factors, have been identified as key components of traumatic brain injury (TBI) progression. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a recently identified typical miRNA that is involved in the signaling pathways of inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, reactive gliosis, disruption of blood brain barrier, angiogenesis and recovery process induced by physical exercises in TBI. Hence, miR-21 is now considered as a potential therapeutic target of TBI. We review the correlative literature and research progress regarding the roles of miR-21 in TBI in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantong Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfei Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Castro-Gamero AM, Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS, Tone LG. G2/M inhibitors as pharmacotherapeutic opportunities for glioblastoma: the old, the new, and the future. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:354-374. [PMID: 30766748 PMCID: PMC6372908 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest tumors and has a median survival of 3 months if left untreated. Despite advances in rationally targeted pharmacological approaches, the clinical care of GBM remains palliative in intent. Since the majority of altered signaling cascades involved in cancer establishment and progression eventually affect cell cycle progression, an alternative approach for cancer therapy is to develop innovative compounds that block the activity of crucial molecules needed by tumor cells to complete cell division. In this context, we review promising ongoing and future strategies for GBM therapeutics aimed towards G2/M inhibition such as anti-microtubule agents and targeted therapy against G2/M regulators like cyclin-dependent kinases, Aurora inhibitors, PLK1, BUB, 1, and BUBR1, and survivin. Moreover, we also include investigational agents in the preclinical and early clinical settings. Although several drugs were shown to be gliotoxic, most of them have not yet entered therapeutic trials. The use of either single exposure or a combination with novel compounds may lead to treatment alternatives for GBM patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Mauricio Castro-Gamero
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Biotechnology and Innovation in Health Program and Pharmacy Program, Anhanguera University São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), São Paulo 05145-200, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
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12
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Masoudi MS, Mehrabian E, Mirzaei H. MiR-21: A key player in glioblastoma pathogenesis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1285-1290. [PMID: 28727188 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is one of common cancers worldwide which has high rate among various populations. Despite serious efforts worldwide, GBM remains a deadly disease which is associated with poor prognosis. Multiple lines evidence indicated that deregulation of a variety of cellular and molecular pathways are related with GBM pathogenesis. Among of various targets involved in GBM pathogenesis, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been emerged as targets which deregulation of them are related with various stages of GBM. These molecules are small non-coding RNAs which could affect on a variety of cellular and molecular pathways involved in GBM. It has been showed that deregulation of them are associated with initiation and progression of GBM. MiR-21 is one of important miRNAs involved in GBM pathogenesis. A large number studies indicated that this miRNA could affect on a variety of cellular and molecular pathways such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3), RECK, and TIMP3. Exosomes are one of important players in GBM pathogenesis. Among of various exosomes, exosomal miR-21 may has key roles in GBM pathogenesis. These findings indicated that miR-21 has critical roles in GBM pathogenesis and could be used as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for GBM patients. Here, we summarized the roles of miR-21 and exosomal miR-21 in GBM pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted utilization of miR-21 as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Masoudi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendoscopy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences & Trauma Research Center of Aja University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Yin A, Etcheverry A, He Y, Aubry M, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Zhang L, Mao X, Chen W, Liu B, Zhang W, Mosser J, Zhang X. Integrative analysis of novel hypomethylation and gene expression signatures in glioblastomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89607-89619. [PMID: 29163774 PMCID: PMC5685695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular and clinical heterogeneity critically hinders better treatment outcome for glioblastomas (GBMs); integrative analysis of genomic and epigenomic data may provide useful information for improving personalized medicine. By applying training-validation approach, we identified a novel hypomethylation signature comprising of three CpGs at non-CpG island (CGI) open sea regions for GBMs. The hypomethylation signature consistently predicted poor prognosis of GBMs in a series of discovery and validation datasets. It was demonstrated as an independent prognostic indicator, and showed interrelationships with known molecular marks such as MGMT promoter methylation status, and glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP) or IDH1 mutations. Bioinformatic analysis found that the hypomethylation signature was closely associated with the transcriptional status of an EGFR/VEGFA/ANXA1-centered gene network. The integrative molecular analysis finally revealed that the gene network defined two distinct clinically relevant molecular subtypes reminiscent of different immature neuroglial lineages in GBMs. The novel hypomethylation signature and relevant gene network may provide new insights into prognostic classification, molecular characterization, and treatment development for GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Amandine Etcheverry
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGdR), Rennes, France.,Université Rennes1, UEB, UMS 3480 Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, Rennes, France
| | - Yalong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Marc Aubry
- Université Rennes1, UEB, UMS 3480 Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France.,Plate-forme Génomique Santé Biosit, Université Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, The People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, No. 425 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, San Ya, Hainan Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xinggang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Bolin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jean Mosser
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGdR), Rennes, France.,Université Rennes1, UEB, UMS 3480 Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, Rennes, France.,Plate-forme Génomique Santé Biosit, Université Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, The People's Republic of China
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14
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Li C, Sun J, Xiang Q, Liang Y, Zhao N, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Cui Y. Prognostic role of microRNA-21 expression in gliomas: a meta-analysis. J Neurooncol 2016; 130:11-17. [PMID: 27531352 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miRNA-21) has recently been shown to be a promising prognostic tumor biomarker. However, few studies have not supported this idea and have shown inconsistent data. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to elucidate the predictive value of miRNA-21 in gliomas. The relevant studies were identified by performing online search in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases up to Apr 2016. This meta-analysis study included seven eligible studies, consisting of 1121 gliomas and 533 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Egger's and Begg's test. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS), which compared the expression levels of miRNA-21 in patients with gliomas, were extracted and estimated. Our analysis revealed that the high expression of miRNA-21 is associated with the worse OS in gliomas. Further subgroup analysis indicated that increased expression of miRNA-21 was also associated with OS in GBM patients. Moreover, we observed a correlation between miRNA-21 expression and the World Health Organization defined gliomas grading system (WHO grade). Besides, high miRNA-21 expression was significantly correlated with lowered OS both in the Asian group and non-Asian group. In the cut-off subgroup analysis, both mean cut off value and median cut off value were significantly associated with OS. The expression level of miRNA-21 was not high in low KPS (Karnofsky score) group. miRNA-21 appears to be a promising biomarker for predicting the progression of patients with gliomas or GBM. However, due to the limited sample size, further prospective or retrospective multi-center well designed studies with adequate sample size should be conducted to verify its definite prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Base for Clinical Trial, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Base for Clinical Trial, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Base for Clinical Trial, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Base for Clinical Trial, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Base for Clinical Trial, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Base for Clinical Trial, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Base for Clinical Trial, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Base for Clinical Trial, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Shi R, Wang PY, Li XY, Chen JX, Li Y, Zhang XZ, Zhang CG, Jiang T, Li WB, Ding W, Cheng SJ. Exosomal levels of miRNA-21 from cerebrospinal fluids associated with poor prognosis and tumor recurrence of glioma patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26971-81. [PMID: 26284486 PMCID: PMC4694967 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a most common type of primary brain tumors. Extracellular vesicles, in the form of exosomes, are known to mediate cell–cell communication by transporting cell-derived proteins and nucleic acids, including various microRNAs (miRNAs). Here we examined the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with recurrent glioma for the levels of cancer-related miRNAs, and evaluated the values for prognosis by comparing the measures of CSF-, serum-, and exosome-contained miR-21 levels. Samples from seventy glioma patients following surgery were compared with those from brain trauma patients as a non-tumor control group. Exosomal miR-21 levels in the CSF of glioma patients were found significantly higher than in the controls; whereas no difference was detected in serum-derived exosomal miR-21 expression. The CSF-derived exosomal miR-21 levels correlated with tumor spinal/ventricle metastasis and the recurrence with anatomical site preference. From additional 198 glioma tissue samples, we verified that miR-21 levels associated with tumor grade of diagnosis and negatively correlated with the median values of patient overall survival time. We further used a lentiviral inhibitor to suppress miR-21 expression in U251 cells. The results showed that the levels of miR-21 target genes of PTEN, RECK and PDCD4 were up-regulated at protein levels. Therefore, we concluded that the exosomal miR-21 levels could be demonstrated as a promising indicator for glioma diagnosis and prognosis, particularly with values to predict tumor recurrence or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Yin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Chen-Guang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Jun Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Tandle A, Camphausen K. Mitotic Protein Kinase 1: Role in Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Revisited. JOURNAL OF CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS 2016; 1:111. [PMID: 27885363 PMCID: PMC5119518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Tandle
- Corresponding author: Anita Tandle, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute Building 10, Room B3B100, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Tel: 301-443-4402; Fax: 301-480-1434;
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17
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Eke I, Makinde AY, Aryankalayil MJ, Ahmed MM, Coleman CN. Comprehensive molecular tumor profiling in radiation oncology: How it could be used for precision medicine. Cancer Lett 2016; 382:118-126. [PMID: 26828133 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New technologies enabling the analysis of various molecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins and small metabolites, can aid in understanding the complex molecular processes in cancer cells. In particular, for the use of novel targeted therapeutics, elucidation of the mechanisms leading to cell death or survival is crucial to eliminate tumor resistance and optimize therapeutic efficacy. While some techniques, such as genomic analysis for identifying specific gene mutations or epigenetic testing of promoter methylation, are already in clinical use, other "omics-based" assays are still evolving. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of molecular profiling methods, including promising research strategies, as well as possible challenges, and their emerging role in radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Adeola Y Makinde
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mansoor M Ahmed
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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18
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Chen C, Yang D, Wang Q, Wang X. Expression and Clinical Pathological Significance of miR-200a in Concurrent Cholangiocarcinoma Associated with Hepatolithiasis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3585-90. [PMID: 26586458 PMCID: PMC4657761 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 2–10% of the patients with hepatolithiasis may develop cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Despite recent advances in the treatment of cancers, the 5-year survival rate for CCA patients currently remains poor, primarily due to early local invasion and distant metastasis of the cancer. This study aimed to investigate miR-200a expression in combined hepatolithiasis and CCA as well as its correlation with the clinical features of CCA. Material/Methods miR-200a expression in combined hepatolithiasis and CCA was detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Its correlation with the clinicopathology of CCA was analyzed by t-tests. The effect of miR-200a on the proliferation CCA cells was determined by MTT assay. The effect of miR-200a on the invasive ability of CCA cells was assessed by Boyden chamber test. Results The expression level of MiR-200a in patients with combined hepatolithiasis and CCA was significantly decreased compared with patients with only hepatolithiasis (P<0.01). Furthermore, miR-200a expression in hepatic duct cancer RBE cells was substantially reduced compared with hepatolithiasis group (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that abnormal expression of miR-200a was only associated with the differentiation degree and metastasis of CCA. MiR-200a transfection significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of REB cells (P<0.01). Conclusions MiR-200a may suppress the proliferative and invasive ability of REB cells. The reduced miR-200a expression might be correlated with the development and progression of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Dinghua Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Qunwei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xintian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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19
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Zhao L, Wang W. miR-125b suppresses the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting Sirtuin7. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:18469-18475. [PMID: 26770454 PMCID: PMC4694354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that microRNAs are involved in many human cancers. However, the role of miR-125b in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully understood. In our study, we detected the expression of miR-125b using Real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and found that the expressions of miR-125b were significantly inhibited in HCC tissues and cell lines. The levels of miR-125b were associated with the degree of HCC malignancy. Otherwise, MTT assay showed that the proliferation was significantly decreased after transfection of miR-125b mimics into HepG2 cells; while the proliferation was significantly increased in HepG2 cells transfected with miR-125b inhibitors. Furthermore, TargetScan was conducted to predict the target gene of miR-125b and Sirtuin7 (SIRT7) was chosen to a potential target gene. And then we used luciferase reporter assay and western blot to confirm that SIRT7 is a direct target gene. Western blot indicated that transfection of miR-125b mimics could significantly inhibit the expression of SIRT7 in HepG2 cells, whereas, transfection of miR-125b inhibitor could significantly increase the expression of SIRT7 in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that miR-125b can inhibit the proliferation of HCC by adjusting the expression of SIRT7 and may be a key element of HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
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20
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Degradation of miR-21 induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:530-5. [PMID: 26427512 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, 18-25 nucleotides long and have an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene. Several aspects of cellular activities such as cell growth, proliferation and differentiation are regulated by miRNAs. In many cancers and malignancies, up- or downregulation of different miRNAs has been reported. In human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), upregulation of miR-21 has been reported in human in vitro studies. Here, we made an assessment of the effect of miR-21 degradation on viability and apoptosis of HCC cell line (HepG2) using locked nucleic acid (LNA). At different time points (24, 48, 72 h) after LNA-anti-miR-21 transfection, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and Annexin/propidium iodide staining were performed. The results show that miR-21 degradation can decrease the viability of cells, mainly by induction of apoptosis and necrosis. These findings suggest that degradation of miR-21 could be used as a novel approach in treatment of HCC.
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