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Schelski M, Bradke F. Microtubule retrograde flow retains neuronal polarization in a fluctuating state. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2336. [PMID: 36332023 PMCID: PMC9635824 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In developing vertebrate neurons, a neurite is formed by more than a hundred microtubules. While individual microtubules are dynamic, the microtubule array has been regarded as stationary. Using live-cell imaging of neurons in culture or in brain slices, combined with photoconversion techniques and pharmacological manipulations, we uncovered that the microtubule array flows retrogradely within neurites to the soma. This flow drives cycles of microtubule density, a hallmark of the fluctuating state before axon formation, thereby inhibiting neurite growth. The motor protein dynein fuels this process. Shortly after axon formation, microtubule retrograde flow slows down in the axon, reducing microtubule density cycles and enabling axon extension. Thus, keeping neurites short is an active process. Microtubule retrograde flow is a previously unknown type of cytoskeletal dynamics, which changes the hitherto axon-centric view of neuronal polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schelski
- Axon Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- Axon Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Vedoya GM, Galarza TE, Mohamad NA, Cricco GP, Martín GA. Non-tumorigenic epithelial breast cells and ionizing radiation cooperate in the enhancement of mesenchymal traits in tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Life Sci 2022; 307:120853. [PMID: 35926589 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Radioresistance and recurrences are crucial hindrances in cancer radiotherapy. Fractionated irradiation can elicit a mesenchymal phenotype in irradiated surviving cells and a deep connection exists between epithelial mesenchymal transition, radioresistance, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the secretoma of irradiated non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells on surviving irradiated breast tumor cells regarding the gain of mesenchymal traits and migratory ability. MAIN METHODS MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, irradiated or not, were incubated with conditioned media from MCF-10A non-tumorigenic epithelial breast cells, irradiated or not. After five days, we evaluated the expression and localization of epithelial and mesenchymal markers (by western blot and indirect immunofluorescence), cell migration (using transwells) and metalloproteinases activity (by zymography). We also assessed TGF-β1 content in conditioned media by immunoblot, and the effect of A83-01 (a selective inhibitor of TGF-β receptor I) and PP2 (a Src-family tyrosine kinase inhibitor) on nuclear Slug and cell migration. KEY FINDINGS Conditioned media from MCF-10A cells caused phenotypic changes in breast tumor cells with attainment or enhancement of mesenchymal traits mediated at least in part by the activation of the TGF-β type I receptor and a signaling pathway involving Src activation/phosphorylation. The effects were more pronounced mostly in irradiated tumor cells treated with conditioned media from irradiated MCF-10A. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that non-tumorigenic epithelial mammary cells included in the irradiation field could affect the response to irradiation of post-surgery residual cancer cells enhancing EMT progression and thus modifying radiotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe M Vedoya
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Junín 956, C1113AAB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara E Galarza
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Junín 956, C1113AAB Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Nora A Mohamad
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Junín 956, C1113AAB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela P Cricco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Junín 956, C1113AAB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Martín
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Junín 956, C1113AAB Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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3
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Pudelko K, Wieland A, Hennecke M, Räschle M, Bastians H. Increased Microtubule Growth Triggered by Microvesicle-mediated Paracrine Signaling is Required for Melanoma Cancer Cell Invasion. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:366-379. [PMID: 36875714 PMCID: PMC9981201 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of cell invasiveness is the key transition from benign melanocyte hyperplasia to aggressive melanoma. Recent work has provided an intriguing new link between the presence of supernumerary centrosomes and increased cell invasion. Moreover, supernumerary centrosomes were shown to drive non-cell-autonomous invasion of cancer cells. Although centrosomes are the principal microtubule organizing centers, the role of dynamic microtubules for non-cell-autonomous invasion remains unexplored, in particular, in melanoma. We investigated the role of supernumerary centrosomes and dynamic microtubules in melanoma cell invasion and found that highly invasive melanoma cells are characterized by the presence of supernumerary centrosomes and by increased microtubule growth rates, both of which are functionally interlinked. We demonstrate that enhanced microtubule growth is required for increased three-dimensional melanoma cell invasion. Moreover, we show that the activity to enhance microtubule growth can be transferred onto adjacent noninvasive cells through microvesicles involving HER2. Hence, our study suggests that suppressing microtubule growth, either directly using anti-microtubule drugs or through HER2 inhibitors might be therapeutically beneficial to inhibit cell invasiveness and thus, metastasis of malignant melanoma. Significance This study shows that increased microtubule growth is required for melanoma cell invasion and can be transferred onto adjacent cells in a non-cell-autonomous manner through microvesicles involving HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Pudelko
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, Georg-August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angela Wieland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Magdalena Hennecke
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, Georg-August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Räschle
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Holger Bastians
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, Georg-August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Barker CG, Petsalaki E, Giudice G, Sero J, Ekpenyong EN, Bakal C, Petsalaki E. Identification of phenotype-specific networks from paired gene expression-cell shape imaging data. Genome Res 2022; 32:750-765. [PMID: 35197309 PMCID: PMC8997347 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276059.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of breast cancer cells is often used as an indicator of tumor severity and prognosis. Additionally, morphology can be used to identify more fine-grained, molecular developments within a cancer cell, such as transcriptomic changes and signaling pathway activity. Delineating the interface between morphology and signaling is important to understand the mechanical cues that a cell processes in order to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and consequently metastasize. However, the exact regulatory systems that define these changes remain poorly characterized. In this study, we used a network-systems approach to integrate imaging data and RNA-seq expression data. Our workflow allowed the discovery of unbiased and context-specific gene expression signatures and cell signaling subnetworks relevant to the regulation of cell shape, rather than focusing on the identification of previously known, but not always representative, pathways. By constructing a cell-shape signaling network from shape-correlated gene expression modules and their upstream regulators, we found central roles for developmental pathways such as WNT and Notch, as well as evidence for the fine control of NF-kB signaling by numerous kinase and transcriptional regulators. Further analysis of our network implicates a gene expression module enriched in the RAP1 signaling pathway as a mediator between the sensing of mechanical stimuli and regulation of NF-kB activity, with specific relevance to cell shape in breast cancer.
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Non-cell-autonomous migration of RasV12-transformed cells towards the basal side of surrounding normal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 543:15-22. [PMID: 33503542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic transformation enables cells to behave differently from their neighboring normal cells. Both cancer and normal cells recognize each other, often promoting the extrusion of the former from the epithelial cell layer. Here, we show that RasV12-transformed normal rat kidney 52E (NRK-52E) cells are extruded towards the basal side of the surrounding normal cells, which is concomitant with enhanced motility. The active migration of the basally extruded RasV12 cells is observed when surrounded by normal cells, indicating a non-cell-autonomous mechanism. Furthermore, specific inhibitor treatment and knockdown experiments elucidate the roles of PI3K and myosin IIA in the basal extrusion of Ras cells. Our findings reveal a new aspect of cancer cell invasion mediated by functional interactions with surrounding non-transformed cells.
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6
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Wu PH, Gilkes DM, Phillip JM, Narkar A, Cheng TWT, Marchand J, Lee MH, Li R, Wirtz D. Single-cell morphology encodes metastatic potential. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaw6938. [PMID: 32010778 PMCID: PMC6976289 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw6938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A central goal of precision medicine is to predict disease outcomes and design treatments based on multidimensional information from afflicted cells and tissues. Cell morphology is an emergent readout of the molecular underpinnings of a cell's functions and, thus, can be used as a method to define the functional state of an individual cell. We measured 216 features derived from cell and nucleus morphology for more than 30,000 breast cancer cells. We find that single cell-derived clones (SCCs) established from the same parental cells exhibit distinct and heritable morphological traits associated with genomic (ploidy) and transcriptomic phenotypes. Using unsupervised clustering analysis, we find that the morphological classes of SCCs predict distinct tumorigenic and metastatic potentials in vivo using multiple mouse models of breast cancer. These findings lay the groundwork for using quantitative morpho-profiling in vitro as a potentially convenient and economical method for phenotyping function in cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsun Wu
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jude M. Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Akshay Narkar
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Thomas Wen-Tao Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jorge Marchand
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Meng-Horng Lee
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Mechanobiology Institute National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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7
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Microtubule-Actomyosin Mechanical Cooperation during Contact Guidance Sensing. Cell Rep 2019; 25:328-338.e5. [PMID: 30304674 PMCID: PMC6226003 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration through and away from tumors is driven in part by migration along aligned extracellular matrix, a process known as contact guidance (CG). To concurrently study the influence of architectural and mechanical regulators of CG sensing, we developed a set of CG platforms. Using flat and nanotextured substrates with variable architectures and stiffness, we show that CG sensing is regulated by substrate stiffness and define a mechanical role for microtubules and actomyosin-microtubule interactions during CG sensing. Furthermore, we show that Arp2/3-dependent lamellipodia dynamics can compete with aligned protrusions to diminish the CG response and define Arp2/3- and Formins-dependent actin architectures that regulate microtu-bule-dependent protrusions, which promote the CG response. Thus, our work represents a comprehen-sive examination of the physical mechanisms influ-encing CG sensing. Aligned extracellular matrix architectures in tumors direct migration of invasive cancer cells. Tabdanov et al. show that the mechanical properties of aligned extracellular matrix environments influence invasive cell behavior and define a mechanical role for microtubules and actomyosin-microtubule interactions during sensing of contact guidance cues that arise from aligned extracellular matrix.
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Oelz DB, Del Castillo U, Gelfand VI, Mogilner A. Microtubule Dynamics, Kinesin-1 Sliding, and Dynein Action Drive Growth of Cell Processes. Biophys J 2018; 115:1614-1624. [PMID: 30268540 PMCID: PMC6260207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental studies of the role of microtubule sliding in neurite outgrowth suggested a qualitative model, according to which kinesin-1 motors push the minus-end-out microtubules against the cell membrane and generate the early cell processes. At the later stage, dynein takes over the sliding, expels the minus-end-out microtubules from the neurites, and pulls in the plus-end-out microtubules that continue to elongate the nascent axon. This model leaves unanswered a number of questions: why is dynein unable to generate the processes alone, whereas kinesin-1 can? What is the role of microtubule dynamics in process initiation and growth? Can the model correctly predict the rates of process growth in control and dynein-inhibited cases? What triggers the transition from kinesin-driven to dynein-driven sliding? To answer these questions, we combine computational modeling of a network of elastic dynamic microtubules and kinesin-1 and dynein motors with measurements of the process growth kinetics and pharmacological perturbations in Drosophila S2 cells. The results verify quantitatively the qualitative model of the microtubule polarity sorting and suggest that dynein-powered elongation is effective only when the processes are longer than a threshold length, which explains why kinesin-1 alone, but not dynein, is sufficient for the process growth. Furthermore, we show that the mechanism of process elongation depends critically on microtubule dynamic instability. Both modeling and experimental measurements show, surprisingly, that dynein inhibition accelerates the process extension. We discuss implications of the model for the general problems of cell polarization, cytoskeletal polarity emergence, and cell process protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar B Oelz
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Urko Del Castillo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Vladimir I Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Department of Biology, New York University, New York City, New York.
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9
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Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have gained increasing interest not only for 3D migration studies but also for their use in drug screening, tissue engineering, and ex vivo modeling of metastatic behavior in the field of cancer biology and morphogenesis in the field of developmental biology. The goal of studying cells in a 3D context is to attempt to more faithfully recapitulate the physiological microenvironment of tissues, including mechanical and structural parameters that we envision will reveal more predictive data for development programs and disease states. In this review, we discuss the pros and cons of several well-characterized 3D cell culture systems for performing 3D migration studies. We discuss the intracellular and extracellular signaling mechanisms that govern cell migration. We also describe the mathematical models and relevant assumptions that can be used to describe 3D cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA;, ,
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA;, ,
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA;, ,
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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10
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Terabayashi T, Hanada K, Motani K, Kosako H, Yamaoka M, Kimura T, Ishizaki T. Baicalein disturbs the morphological plasticity and motility of breast adenocarcinoma cells depending on the tumor microenvironment. Genes Cells 2018; 23:466-479. [PMID: 29667279 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During tumor invasion, cancer cells change their morphology and mode of migration based on communication with the surrounding environment. Numerous studies have indicated that paracrine interactions from non-neoplastic cells impact the migratory and invasive properties of cancer cells. Thus, these interactions are potential targets for anticancer therapies. In this study, we showed that the flavones member baicalein suppresses the motility of breast cancer cells that is promoted by paracrine interactions. First, we identified laminin-332 (LN-332) as a principle paracrine factor in conditioned medium from mammary epithelium-derived MCF10A cells that regulates the morphology and motility of breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Then, we carried out a morphology-based screen for small compounds, which showed that baicalein suppressed the morphological changes and migratory activity of MDA-MB-231 cells that were induced by conditioned medium from MCF10A cells and LN-332. We also found that baicalein caused narrower and incomplete lamellipodia formation in conditioned medium-treated MDA-MB-231 cells, although actin dynamics downstream of Rho family small GTPases were unaffected. These results suggest the importance of mammary epithelial cells in the cancer microenvironment promoting the migratory activity of breast adenocarcinoma cells and show a novel mechanism through which baicalein inhibits cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Terabayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hanada
- Clinical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kou Motani
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mami Yamaoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Ishizaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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11
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Fan Q, Liu R, Jiao Y, Tian C, Farrell JD, Diao W, Wang X, Zhang F, Yuan W, Han H, Chen J, Yang Y, Zhang X, Ye F, Li M, Ouyang Z, Liu L. A novel 3-D bio-microfluidic system mimicking in vivo heterogeneous tumour microstructures reveals complex tumour-stroma interactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2852-2860. [PMID: 28726916 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A 3-D microfluidic system consisting of microchamber arrays embedded in a collagen hydrogel with tuneable biochemical gradients that mimics the tumour microenvironment of mammary glands was constructed for the investigation on the interactions between invasive breast cancer cells and stromal cells. The hollow microchambers in collagen provide a very similar 3-D environment to that in vivo that regulates collective cellular dynamics and behaviour, while the microfluidic channels surrounding the collagen microchamber arrays allow one to impose complex concentration gradients of specific biological molecules or drugs. We found that breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) seeded in the microchambers formed lumen-like structures similar to those in epithelial layers. When MCF-10A cells were co-cultured with invasive breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), the formation of lumen-like structures in the microchambers was inhibited, indicating the capability of cancer cells to disrupt the structures formed by surrounding cells for further invasion and metastasis. Subsequent mechanism studies showed that down regulation of E-cad expression due to MMPs produced by the cancer cells plays a dominant role in determining the cellular behaviour. Our microfluidic system offers a robust platform for high throughput studies that aim to understand combinatorial effects of multiple biochemical and microenvironmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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12
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Qin F, Zhang H, Shao Y, Liu X, Yang L, Huang Y, Fu L, Gu F, Ma Y. Expression of aquaporin1, a water channel protein, in cytoplasm is negatively correlated with prognosis of breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8143-54. [PMID: 26812884 PMCID: PMC4884982 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin1 (AQP1) belongs to a highly conserved family of aquaporin proteins which facilitate water flux across cell membranes. Although emerging evidences indicated the cytoplasm was important for AQP1 localization, the function of AQP1 corresponding to its cytoplasmic distribution has rarely been explored until present. In our clinical study, we reported for the first time that AQP1 was localized dominantly in the cytoplasm of cancer cells of invasive breast cancer patients and cytoplasmic AQP1 was an independent prognostic factor. High expression of AQP1 indicated a shorter survival, especially in luminal subtype. Moreover, in line with our findings in clinic, cytoplasmic expression of AQP1 was further validated in both primary cultured breast cancer cells and AQP1 over-expressing cell lines, in which the functional importance of cytoplasmic AQP1 was confirmed in vitro. In conclusion, our study provided the first evidence that cytoplasmic expression of AQP1 promoted breast cancer progression and it could be a potential prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Qin
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Huikun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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13
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Bouchet BP, Noordstra I, van Amersfoort M, Katrukha EA, Ammon YC, Ter Hoeve ND, Hodgson L, Dogterom M, Derksen PWB, Akhmanova A. Mesenchymal Cell Invasion Requires Cooperative Regulation of Persistent Microtubule Growth by SLAIN2 and CLASP1. Dev Cell 2016; 39:708-723. [PMID: 27939686 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules regulate signaling, trafficking, and cell mechanics, but the respective contribution of these functions to cell morphogenesis and migration in 3D matrices is unclear. Here, we report that the microtubule plus-end tracking protein (+TIP) SLAIN2, which suppresses catastrophes, is not required for 2D cell migration but is essential for mesenchymal cell invasion in 3D culture and in a mouse cancer model. We show that SLAIN2 inactivation does not affect Rho GTPase activity, trafficking, and focal adhesion formation. However, SLAIN2-dependent catastrophe inhibition determines microtubule resistance to compression and pseudopod elongation. Another +TIP, CLASP1, is also needed to form invasive pseudopods because it prevents catastrophes specifically at their tips. When microtubule growth persistence is reduced, inhibition of depolymerization is sufficient for pseudopod maintenance but not remodeling. We propose that catastrophe inhibition by SLAIN2 and CLASP1 supports mesenchymal cell shape in soft 3D matrices by enabling microtubules to perform a load-bearing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Bouchet
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivar Noordstra
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda van Amersfoort
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - York-Christoph Ammon
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie D Ter Hoeve
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Marileen Dogterom
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ ,Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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