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Wang L, Zheng Z, Zheng J, Zhang G, Wang Z. The Potential Significance of the EMILIN3 Gene in Augmenting the Aggressiveness of Low-Grade Gliomas is Noteworthy. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:711-730. [PMID: 38952353 PMCID: PMC11215280 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s463694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are common brain tumors with high mortality rates. Cancer cell invasion is a significant factor in tumor metastasis. Novel biomarkers are urgently needed to predict LGG prognosis effectively. Methods The data for LGG were obtained from the Bioinformatics database. A consensus clustering analysis was performed to identify molecular subtypes linked with invasion in LGG. Differential expression analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the identified clusters. Enrichment analyses were then conducted to explore the function for DEGs. Prognostic signatures were placed, and their predictive power was assessed. Furthermore, the invasion-related prognostic signature was validated using the CGGA dataset. Subsequently, clinical specimens were procured in order to validate the expression levels of the distinct genes examined in this research, and to further explore the impact of these genes on the glioma cell line LN229 and HS-683. Results Two invasion-related molecular subtypes of LGG were identified, and we sifted 163 DEGs between them. The enrichment analyses indicated that DEGs are mainly related to pattern specification process. Subsequently, 10 signature genes (IGF2BP2, SRY, CHI3L1, IGF2BP3, MEOX2, ABCC3, HOXC4, OTP, METTL7B, and EMILIN3) were sifted out to construct a risk model. Besides, the survival (OS) in the high-risk group was lower. The performance of the risk model was verified. Furthermore, a highly reliable nomogram was generated. Cellular experiments revealed the ability to promote cell viability, value-addedness, migratory ability, invasive ability, and colony-forming ability of the glioma cell line LN229 and HS-683. The qRT-PCR analysis of clinical glioma samples showed that these 10 genes were expressed at higher levels in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas, suggesting that these genes are associated with poor prognosis of gliomas. Conclusion Our study sifted out ten invasion-related biomarkers of LGG, providing a reference for treatments and prognostic prediction in LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li`ao Wang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, 252004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, People’s Republic of China
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Uthanaphun T, Manochantr S, Tantrawatpan C, Tantikanlayaporn D, Kheolamai P. PL-hMSC and CH-hMSC derived soluble factors inhibit proliferation but improve hGBM cell migration by activating TGF-β and inhibiting Wnt signaling. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231964. [PMID: 38687607 PMCID: PMC11130542 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and aggressive brain tumors. GBM resists most chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in a high mortality rate in patients. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which are parts of the cancer stroma, have been shown to be involved in the development and progression of GBM. However, different sources of hMSCs might affect GBM cells differently. In the present study, we established hMSCs from placenta (PL-hMSC) and chorion (CH-hMSC) to study the effects of their released soluble factors on the proliferation, migration, invasion, gene expression, and survival of human GBM cells, U251. We found that the soluble factors derived from CH-hMSCs and PL-hMSCs suppressed the proliferation of U251 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, soluble factors derived from both hMSC sources increased U251 migration without affecting their invasive property. The soluble factors derived from these hMSCs decreased the expression levels of CyclinD1, E2Fs and MYC genes that promote GBM cell proliferation but increased the expression level of TWIST gene, which promotes EMT and GBM cell migration. The functional study suggests that both hMSCs might exert their effects, at least in part, by activating TGF-β and suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling in U251 cells. Our study provides a better understanding of the interaction between GBM cells and gestational tissue-derived hMSCs. This knowledge might be used to develop safer and more effective stem cell therapy that improves the survival and quality of life of patients with GBM by manipulating the interaction between hMSCs and GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Uthanaphun
- Master of Science Program in Stem Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirikul Manochantr
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Azimi P, Yazdanian T, Ahmadiani A. mRNA markers for survival prediction in glioblastoma multiforme patients: a systematic review with bioinformatic analyses. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:612. [PMID: 38773447 PMCID: PMC11106946 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of fast-growing brain glioma associated with a very poor prognosis. This study aims to identify key genes whose expression is associated with the overall survival (OS) in patients with GBM. METHODS A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science up to Journey 2024. Two researchers independently extracted the data and assessed the study quality according to the New Castle Ottawa scale (NOS). The genes whose expression was found to be associated with survival were identified and considered in a subsequent bioinformatic study. The products of these genes were also analyzed considering protein-protein interaction (PPI) relationship analysis using STRING. Additionally, the most important genes associated with GBM patients' survival were also identified using the Cytoscape 3.9.0 software. For final validation, GEPIA and CGGA (mRNAseq_325 and mRNAseq_693) databases were used to conduct OS analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed with GO Biological Process 2023. RESULTS From an initial search of 4104 articles, 255 studies were included from 24 countries. Studies described 613 unique genes whose mRNAs were significantly associated with OS in GBM patients, of which 107 were described in 2 or more studies. Based on the NOS, 131 studies were of high quality, while 124 were considered as low-quality studies. According to the PPI network, 31 key target genes were identified. Pathway analysis revealed five hub genes (IL6, NOTCH1, TGFB1, EGFR, and KDR). However, in the validation study, only, the FN1 gene was significant in three cohorts. CONCLUSION We successfully identified the most important 31 genes whose products may be considered as potential prognosis biomarkers as well as candidate target genes for innovative therapy of GBM tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Azimi
- Neurosurgeon, Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839- 63113, Iran.
| | | | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neurosurgeon, Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839- 63113, Iran.
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4
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Mazziotta C, Iaquinta MR, Tramarin ML, Badiale G, Cervellera CF, Tonnini G, Patergnani S, Pinton P, Lanza G, Gafà R, Tognon M, Martini F, De Mattei M, Rotondo JC. Hsa-microRNA-1249-3p/Homeobox A13 axis modulates the expression of β-catenin gene in human epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22872. [PMID: 38129477 PMCID: PMC10739948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion is a key function for epithelial cells. The fundamental mechanisms relying on epithelial cell adhesion have been partially uncovered. Hsa-microRNA-1249-3p (hsa-miR-1249-3p) plays a role in the epithelial mesenchymal transition in carcinoma cells, but its physiological function in epithelial cells is unknown. We aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of hsa-miR-1249-3p on epithelial cell functions. Hsa-miR-1249-3p was overexpressed in human epithelial cells and uterine cervical tissues, compared to cervical carcinoma cells and precancerous tissues, respectively. Hsa-miR-1249-3p was analyzed to verify its regulatory function on Homeobox A13 (HOXA13) target gene and its downstream cell adhesion gene β-catenin. Functional experiments indicated that hsa-miR-1249-3p inhibition prompted the mRNA and protein overexpression of HOXA13 which, in turn, led to the β-catenin protein expression. Moreover, hsa-miR-1249-3p inhibition induced a strong colony forming ability in epithelial cells, suggesting the miR involvement in cell adhesion machinery. These data indicate that hsa-miR-1249-3p regulates the expression of HOXA13 and its downstream cell adhesion gene β-catenin, possible resulting in cell adhesion modification in epithelial cells. This study will allow the set-up of further investigations aimed at exploring the relationship between the hsa-miR-1249-3p/HOXA13 axis and downstream cell adhesion genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Tramarin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giada Badiale
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Christian Felice Cervellera
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Tonnini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Rahmani F, Mohammed Al-Asady A, Hanaie R, Zandigohar M, Faridnejad H, Payazdan M, Safavi P, Ryzhikov M, Hassanian SM. Interplay between lncRNA/miRNA and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in brain cancer tumorigenesis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:1211-1222. [PMID: 38204968 PMCID: PMC10776877 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Brain cancers are among the most aggressive malignancies with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The pathogenesis of brain cancers is a very complicated process involving various genetic mutations affecting several oncogenic signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin axis. Uncontrolled activation of this oncogenic signaling is associated with decreased survival rate and poor prognosis in cancer patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to play important roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by regulating the expression of their target genes. Aberrant expression of these non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) was reported in many human cancers, including glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, meningioma, and pituitary adenoma. Multiple lncRNAs were shown to participate in brain tumor pathogenesis by targeting Wnt signaling regulatory miRNAs. SNHG7/miR-5095, PCAT6/miR-139-3p, SNHG6/miR-944, SNHG1/ miR-556-5p, SNHG17/ miR-506-3p, LINC00702/miR-4652-3p, DLGAP1-AS1/miR-515-5p, HOTAIR/miR-1, HOTAIR/miR-206, CRNDE/miR-29c-3p, AGAP2-AS1/ miR-15a/b-5p, CLRN1-AS1/miR-217, MEG3/miR-23b-3p, and GAS5/miR-27a-5p are identified lncRNA/miRNA pairs that are involved in this process. Therefore, recognition of the expression profile and regulatory role of ncRNAs on the Wnt signaling may offer a novel approach to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of human cancers. This review summarizes previous data on the modulatory role of lncRNAs/miRNAs on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway implicated in tumor growth, EMT, metastasis, and chemoresistance in brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rahmani
- Kashmar School of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdulridha Mohammed Al-Asady
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Hanaie
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Zandigohar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Mahya Payazdan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pegah Safavi
- Department of Medical Radiation, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mamatjan Y, Voisin MR, Nassiri F, Moraes FY, Bunda S, So J, Salih M, Shirahata M, Ono T, Shimizu H, Schrimpf D, von Deimling A, Aldape KD, Zadeh G. Integrated molecular analysis reveals hypermethylation and overexpression of HOX genes to be poor prognosticators in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2028-2041. [PMID: 37474126 PMCID: PMC10628942 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse gliomas represent over 80% of malignant brain tumors ranging from low-grade to aggressive high-grade lesions. Within isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas, there is a high variability in survival and a need to more accurately predict outcome. METHODS To identify and characterize a predictive signature of outcome in gliomas, we utilized an integrative molecular analysis (using methylation, mRNA, copy number variation (CNV), and mutation data), analyzing a total of 729 IDH-mutant samples including a test set of 99 from University Health Network (UHN) and 2 validation cohorts including the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS Cox regression analysis of methylation data from the UHN cohort identified CpG-based signatures that split the glioma cohort into 2 prognostic groups strongly predicting survival that were validated using 2 independent cohorts from TCGA and DKFZ (all P-values < .0001). The methylation signatures that predicted poor outcomes also exhibited high CNV instability and hypermethylation of HOX gene probes. Integrated multi-platform analyses using mRNA and methylation (iRM) showed that parallel HOX gene overexpression and simultaneous hypermethylation were significantly associated with increased mutational load, high aneuploidy, and worse survival (P-value < .0001). A 7-HOX gene signature was developed and validated using the most significantly associated HOX genes with patient outcome in both 1p/19q codeleted and non-codeleted IDHmut gliomas. CONCLUSIONS HOX gene methylation and expression provide important prognostic information in IDH-mutant gliomas that are not captured by current molecular diagnostics. A 7-HOX gene signature of outcome shows significant survival differences in both 1p/19q codeleted and non-codeleted IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Mamatjan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mathew R Voisin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farshad Nassiri
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabio Y Moraes
- Department of Oncology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Severa Bunda
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan So
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mira Salih
- Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Shirahata
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ono
- Department of Neurosurgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center and MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chin FW, Hussin H, Chau DM, Ong TA, Yunus R, Abdul Razack AH, Yusoff K, Chan SC, Veerakumarasivam A. Differential Protein Expression Patterns of HOXA13 and HOXB13 Are Associated with Bladder Cancer Progression. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2636. [PMID: 37627895 PMCID: PMC10453033 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common urological cancer and has the highest recurrence rate of any cancer. The aim of our study was to profile and characterize the protein expression of homeobox A13 (HOXA13) and homeobox B13 (HOXB13) genes in Malaysian bladder cancer patients. The protein expression of HOXA13 and HOXB13 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bladder cancer tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The association between HOXA13/HOXB13 protein expression and demographic/clinicopathological characteristics of the bladder cancer patients was determined by chi-square analysis. Approximately 63.6% of the bladder cancer tissues harbored high HOXA13 expression. High HOXA13 expression was significantly associated with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, lower tumor grade, higher number of lymph node metastases, and recurrence risk. In contrast, low HOXB13 expression (including those with negative expression) was observed in 71.6% of the bladder cancer tissues analyzed. Low HOXB13 expression was significantly associated with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, higher tumor stage, tumor grade, and metastatic risk. Both HOXA13 and HOXB13 protein expression were found to be associated with bladder tumorigenesis. The putative oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of HOXA13 and HOXB13, respectively, suggest their potential utility as biomarkers in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee-Wai Chin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huzlinda Hussin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - De-Ming Chau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teng-Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rosna Yunus
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia
| | | | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon-Choy Chan
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Liberal Arts, Science and Technology, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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8
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Zheng ZQ, Yuan GQ, Zhang GG, Nie QQ, Wang Z. Development and validation of a predictive model in diagnosis and prognosis of primary glioblastoma patients based on Homeobox A family. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:108. [PMID: 37351805 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeobox A (HOXA) family is involved in the development of malignancies as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. However, their roles in glioblastoma (GBM) and clinical significance have not been fully elucidated. METHODS HOXA mutation and expressions in pan-cancers were investigated using GSCA and Oncomine, which in GBM were validated by cBioPortal, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted to determine prognostic values of HOXAs at genetic and mRNA levels. Diagnostic roles of HOXAs in tumor classification were explored by GlioVis and R software. Independent prognostic HOXAs were identified using Cox survival analyses, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. A HOXAs-based nomogram survival prediction model was developed and evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, time-dependent Area Under Curve, calibration plots, and Decision Curve Analysis in training and validation cohorts. RESULTS HOXAs were highly mutated and overexpressed in pan-cancers, especially in CGGA and TCGA GBM datasets. Genetic alteration and mRNA expression of HOXAs were both found to be prognostic. Specific HOXAs could distinguish IDH mutation (HOXA1-7, HOXA9, HOXA13) and molecular GBM subtypes (HOXA1-2, HOXA9-11, HOXA13). HOXA1/2/3/10 were confirmed to be independent prognostic members, with high expressions validated in clinical GBM tissues. The HOXAs-based nomogram model exhibited good prediction performance and net benefits for patients in training and validation cohorts. CONCLUSION HOXA family has diagnostic values, and the HOXAs-based nomogram model is effective in survival prediction, providing a novel approach to support the treatment of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gui-Qiang Yuan
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute & Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Guo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian-Qian Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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9
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Ervin EH, French R, Chang CH, Pauklin S. Inside the stemness engine: Mechanistic links between deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:48-83. [PMID: 36347438 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity is largely determined by its transcriptional profile. In tumour, deregulation of transcription factor expression and/or activity enables cancer cell to acquire a stem-like state characterised by capacity to self-renew, differentiate and form tumours in vivo. These stem-like cancer cells are highly metastatic and therapy resistant, thus warranting a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms downstream of the transcription factors that mediate the establishment of stemness state. Here, we review recent research findings that provide a mechanistic link between the commonly deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. In particular, we describe the role of master transcription factors (SOX, OCT4, NANOG, KLF, BRACHYURY, SALL, HOX, FOX and RUNX), signalling-regulated transcription factors (SMAD, β-catenin, YAP, TAZ, AP-1, NOTCH, STAT, GLI, ETS and NF-κB) and unclassified transcription factors (c-MYC, HIF, EMT transcription factors and P53) across diverse tumour types, thereby yielding a comprehensive overview identifying shared downstream targets, highlighting unique mechanisms and discussing complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle-Helene Ervin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Rhiannon French
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Chao-Hui Chang
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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10
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Chen F, Zhao RR, Li Q, Chen ZH, Luo C. Knockdown of lncRNA HOXD-AS2 Improves the Prognosis of Glioma Patients by Inhibiting the Proliferation and Migration of Glioma Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9337647. [PMID: 36408341 PMCID: PMC9668444 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9337647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective Increasing studies reported that long noncoding RNAs are involved in regulating glioma progression. However, the specific roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in glioma remain unclear. Here, we sought to explore the functions of HOXD-AS2 in glioma progression. Methods Gene expressions of lncRNAs in 5 normal brain tissue specimens and 5 glioblastoma tissue specimens were detected by gene expression profile chip technology. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to see whether differential expression of lncRNAs played any significant role in glioma occurrence and progression. The relationship between HOXD-AS2 level and clinical prognosis of the patients was analyzed. HOXD-AS2 was specifically interfered with by siRNA technology to observe its effects on U251 cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Results The expression level of HOXD-AS2 gene in glioma was significantly higher than that in the normal brain tissue, which was related to the tumor grade. The level of HOXD-AS2 gene in patients with high-grade glioma was higher than that in patients with low-grade glioma. High expression of HOXD-AS2 gene was a risk factor for poor prognosis of glioma patients. Knocking down the expression of HOXD-AS2 in glioma cell line U251 arrested the cell cycle and reduced the cell proliferation. Furthermore, it could significantly reduce the migration ability of the cells but had no significant effect on the invasion. Conclusion HOXD-AS2 is an oncogenic lncRNA associated with the poor prognosis of glioma. Knockdown of HOXD-AS2 may reduce the growth of glioma, which may provide a new avenue for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Ru Zhao
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Carbajo-García MC, de Miguel-Gómez L, Juárez-Barber E, Trelis A, Monleón J, Pellicer A, Flanagan JM, Ferrero H. Deciphering the Role of Histone Modifications in Uterine Leiomyoma: Acetylation of H3K27 Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in Proliferation, Cell Signaling, Cell Transport, Angiogenesis and Extracellular Matrix Formation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061279. [PMID: 35740301 PMCID: PMC9219820 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is a benign tumor arising from myometrium (MM) with a high prevalence and unclear pathology. Histone modifications are altered in tumors, particularly via histone acetylation which is correlated with gene activation. To identify if the acetylation of H3K27 is involved in UL pathogenesis and if its reversion may be a therapeutic option, we performed a prospective study integrating RNA-seq (n = 48) and CHIP-seq for H3K27ac (n = 19) in UL vs MM tissue, together with qRT-PCR of SAHA-treated UL cells (n = 10). CHIP-seq showed lower levels of H3K27ac in UL versus MM (p-value < 2.2 × 10−16). From 922 DEGs found in UL vs. MM (FDR < 0.01), 482 presented H3K27ac. A differential acetylation (FDR < 0.05) was discovered in 82 of these genes (29 hyperacetylated/upregulated, 53 hypoacetylated/downregulated). Hyperacetylation/upregulation of oncogenes (NDP,HOXA13,COL24A1,IGFL3) and hypoacetylation/downregulation of tumor suppressor genes (CD40,GIMAP8,IL15,GPX3,DPT) altered the immune system, the metabolism, TGFβ3 and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Functional enrichment analysis revealed deregulation of proliferation, cell signaling, transport, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix. Inhibition of histone deacetylases by SAHA increased expression of hypoacetylated/downregulated genes in UL cells (p < 0.05). Conclusively, H3K27ac regulates genes involved in UL onset and maintenance. Histone deacetylation reversion upregulates the expression of tumor suppressor genes in UL cells, suggesting targeting histone modifications as a therapeutic approach for UL.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Carbajo-García
- Fundación IVI, IIS La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.C.-G.); (L.d.M.-G.); (E.J.-B.); (A.P.)
- Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Lucia de Miguel-Gómez
- Fundación IVI, IIS La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.C.-G.); (L.d.M.-G.); (E.J.-B.); (A.P.)
| | - Elena Juárez-Barber
- Fundación IVI, IIS La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.C.-G.); (L.d.M.-G.); (E.J.-B.); (A.P.)
| | | | | | - Antonio Pellicer
- Fundación IVI, IIS La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.C.-G.); (L.d.M.-G.); (E.J.-B.); (A.P.)
- IVIRMA Rome, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - James M. Flanagan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Hortensia Ferrero
- Fundación IVI, IIS La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.C.-G.); (L.d.M.-G.); (E.J.-B.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-903-305
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12
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Qian X, Wang Y, Hu W, Xu X, Gao L, Meng Y, Yan J. MiR-369-5p inhibits the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by down-regulating HOXA13 expression. Tissue Cell 2022; 74:101721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Morgan R, Hunter K, Pandha HS. Downstream of the HOX genes: explaining conflicting tumour suppressor and oncogenic functions in cancer. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:1919-1932. [PMID: 35080776 PMCID: PMC9304284 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The HOX genes are a highly conserved group of transcription factors that have key roles in early development, but which are also highly expressed in most cancers. Many studies have found strong associative relationships between the expression of individual HOX genes in tumours and clinical parameters including survival. For the majority of HOX genes, high tumour expression levels seem to be associated with a worse outcome for patients, and in some cases this has been shown to result from the activation of pro-oncogenic genes and pathways. However, there are also many studies that indicate a tumour suppressor role for some HOX genes, sometimes with conclusions that contradict earlier work. In this review, we have attempted to clarify the role of HOX genes in cancer by focusing on their downstream targets as identified in studies that provide experimental evidence for their activation or repression. On this basis, the majority of HOX genes would appear to have a pro-oncogenic function, with the notable exception of HOXD10, which acts exclusively as a tumour suppressor. HOX proteins regulate a wide range of target genes involved in metastasis, cell death, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and activate key cell signalling pathways. Furthermore, for some functionally related targets, this regulation is achieved by a relatively small subgroup of HOX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of West LondonLondonUK
| | - Keith Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Hardev S. Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
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14
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Tachon G, Masliantsev K, Rivet P, Desette A, Milin S, Gueret E, Wager M, Karayan-Tapon L, Guichet PO. MEOX2 Transcription Factor Is Involved in Survival and Adhesion of Glioma Stem-like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235943. [PMID: 34885053 PMCID: PMC8672280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor for which no curative treatment currently exists. In our previous work, we showed that MEOX2 was associated with a poor patient prognosis but its biological involvement in tumor development remains ill defined. To this purpose, the aim of our study was to investigate the role of MEOX2 in patient-derived glioblastoma cell cultures. We unraveled the MEOX2 contribution to cell viability and growth and its potential involvement in phenotype and adhesion properties of glioblastoma cells. This work paves the way toward a better understanding of the role of MEOX2 in the pathophysiology of primary brain tumors. Abstract The high expression of MEOX2 transcription factor is closely associated with poor overall survival in glioma. MEOX2 has recently been described as an interesting prognostic biomarker, especially for lower grade glioma. MEOX2 has never been studied in glioma stem-like cells (GSC), responsible for glioma recurrence. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of MEOX2 in GSC. Loss of function approach using siRNA was used to assess the impact of MEOX2 on GSC viability and stemness phenotype. MEOX2 was localized in the nucleus and its expression was heterogeneous between GSCs. MEOX2 expression depends on the methylation state of its promoter and is strongly associated with IDH mutations. MEOX2 is involved in cell proliferation and viability regulation through ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. MEOX2 loss of function correlated with GSC differentiation and acquisition of neuronal lineage characteristics. Besides, inhibition of MEOX2 is correlated with increased expression of CDH10 and decreased pFAK. In this study, we unraveled, for the first time, MEOX2 contribution to cell viability and proliferation through AKT/ERK pathway and its potential involvement in phenotype and adhesion properties of GSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Tachon
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Konstantin Masliantsev
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Pierre Rivet
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Amandine Desette
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Serge Milin
- Service d’Anatomo-Cytopathologie, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Elise Gueret
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France;
- Montpellier GenomiX, France Génomique, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Wager
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
- Correspondence: (L.K.-T.); (P.-O.G.)
| | - Pierre-Olivier Guichet
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
- Correspondence: (L.K.-T.); (P.-O.G.)
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15
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Wang QW, Sun LH, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Wang ZL, Wang KY, Li GZ, Xu JB, Ren CY, Ma WP, Wang HJ, Li SW, Zhu YJ, Jiang T, Bao ZS. MET overexpression contributes to STAT4-PD-L1 signaling activation associated with tumor-associated, macrophages-mediated immunosuppression in primary glioblastomas. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002451. [PMID: 34667077 PMCID: PMC8527154 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the mesenchymal-epidermal transition factor (MET), have pivotal role in gliomas. MET and its interaction with the tumor microenvironment have been previously implicated in secondary gliomas. However, the contribution of MET gene to tumor cells’ ability to escape immunosurveillance checkpoints in primary gliomas, especially in glioblastoma (GBM), which is a WHO grade 4 glioma with the worst overall survival, is still poorly understood. Methods We investigated the relationship between MET expression and glioma microenvironment by using multiomics data and aimed to understand the potential implications of MET in clinical practice through survival analysis. RNA expression data from a total of 1243 primary glioma samples (WHO grades 2–4) were assembled, incorporating The Cancer Genome Atlas, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, and GSE16011 data sets. Results Pearson’s correlation test from the three data sets indicated that MET showed a robust correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and STAT pathways. Western blot analysis revealed that in GBM cell lines (N33 and LN229), PD-L1 and phosphorylated STAT4 were upregulated by MET activation treatment with hepatocyte growth factor and were downregulated on MET suppression by PLB-1001. Tumor tissue microarray analysis indicated a positive correlation between MET and PD-L1 and macrophage-associated markers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assay showed enrichment of STAT4 in the PD-L1 DNA. Transwell co-culture and chemotaxis assays revealed that knockdown of MET in GBM cells inhibited macrophage chemotaxis. Moreover, we performed CIBERSORTx and single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis which revealed an elevated number of macrophages in glioma samples with MET overexpression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that activation of the MET/STAT4/PD-L1 pathway and upregulation of macrophages were associated with shorter survival time in patients with primary GBM. Conclusions These data indicated that the MET-STAT4-PD-L1 axis and tumor-associated macrophages might enforce glioma immune evasion and were associated with poor prognosis in GBM samples, suggesting potential clinical strategies for targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy in patients with primary GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan-Yu Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Zhang Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Bao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang-Yuan Ren
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Ping Ma
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shou-Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Molecular implications of HOX genes targeting multiple signaling pathways in cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:1-30. [PMID: 34617205 PMCID: PMC8789642 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) genes encode highly conserved homeotic transcription factors that play a crucial role in organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Their deregulation impacts the function of several regulatory molecules contributing to tumor initiation and progression. A functional bridge exists between altered gene expression of individual HOX genes and tumorigenesis. This review focuses on how deregulation in the HOX-associated signaling pathways contributes to the metastatic progression in cancer. We discuss their functional significance, clinical implications and ascertain their role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in the various cancer types. Besides, the mechanism of understanding the theoretical underpinning that affects HOX-mediated therapy resistance in cancers has been outlined. The knowledge gained shall pave the way for newer insights into the treatment of cancer.
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17
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Zhou X, Liang T, Deng J, Ng K, Li M, Lv C, Chen J, Yang K, Ma Z, Ma W, Wang P. Differential and Prognostic Significance of HOXB7 in Gliomas. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697086. [PMID: 34458259 PMCID: PMC8385304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. The prognosis of the individual tumor is heavily dependent on its grade and subtype. Homeobox B7 (HOXB7), a member of the homeobox family, is abnormally overexpressed in a variety of tumors. However, its function in glioma is unclear. In this study, HOXB7 mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed in 401 gliomas from the CGGA RNA-seq database (325 cases) and our hospital (76 cases). HOXB7 expression, at both mRNA and protein levels, were upregulated in glioblastoma (GBM) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wild-type glioma tissues. Kaplan–Meier with log-rank test showed that patients with high HOXB7 expression had a poor prognosis (p < 0.0001). Moreover, HOXB7 protein was deleted in 90.9% (20/22) of oligodendrogliomas and 13.0% (3/23) of astrocytomas. The sensitivity and specificity of HOXB7 protein deletion in oligodendroglioma were 90.9% (20/22) and 87.0% (20/23), respectively. To verify the reliability of using HOXB7 in differentiating oligodendroglioma, we used 1p/19q fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing as a positive control. The Cohen’s kappa coefficient of HOXB7 immunohistochemistry staining and 1p/19q FISH testing was 0.778 (95% CI: 0.594–0.962, p < 0.001). In conclusion, HOXB7 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in all grade gliomas. Additionally, HOXB7 is also a highly sensitive and specific indicator to differentiate oligodendroglioma from astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenrick Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxin Lv
- Geriatric Department, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Alcohol-abuse drug disulfiram targets pediatric glioma via MLL degradation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:785. [PMID: 34381018 PMCID: PMC8358054 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric gliomas comprise a broad range of brain tumors derived from glial cells. While high-grade gliomas are often resistant to therapy and associated with a poor outcome, children with low-grade gliomas face a better prognosis. However, the treatment of low-grade gliomas is often associated with severe long-term adverse effects. This shows that there is a strong need for improved treatment approaches. Here, we highlight the potential for repurposing disulfiram to treat pediatric gliomas. Disulfiram is a drug used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism and was found to be effective against diverse cancer types in preclinical studies. Our results show that disulfiram efficiently kills pediatric glioma cell lines as well as patient-derived glioma stem cells. We propose a novel mechanism of action to explain disulfiram’s anti-oncogenic activities by providing evidence that disulfiram induces the degradation of the oncoprotein MLL. Our results further reveal that disulfiram treatment and MLL downregulation induce similar responses at the level of histone modifications and gene expression, further strengthening that MLL is a key target of the drug and explaining its anti-oncogenic properties.
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19
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WNT Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168428. [PMID: 34445128 PMCID: PMC8395085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT (Wingless/Integrated) signaling pathway is implicated in various stages of glioblastoma, which is an aggressive brain tumor for which therapeutic options are limited. WNT has been recognized as a hallmark of therapeutic challenge due to its context-dependent role and critical function in healthy tissue homeostasis. In this review, we deeply scrutinize the WNT signaling pathway and its involvement in the genesis of glioblastoma as well as its acquired therapy resistance. We also provide an analysis of the WNT pathway in terms of its therapeutic importance in addition to an overview of the current targeted therapies under clinical investigation.
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20
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Downs BM, Ding W, Cope LM, Umbricht CB, Li W, He H, Ke X, Holdhoff M, Bettegowda C, Tao W, Sukumar S. Methylated markers accurately distinguish primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) from other CNS tumors. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:104. [PMID: 33952317 PMCID: PMC8097855 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Definitive diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) requires invasive surgical brain biopsy, causing treatment delays. In this paper, we identified and validated tumor-specific markers that can distinguish PCNSL from other CNS tumors in tissues. In a pilot study, we tested these newly identified markers in plasma. RESULTS The Methylation Outlier Detector program was used to identify markers in TCGA dataset of 48 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 656 glioblastomas and lower-grade gliomas. Eight methylated markers clearly distinguished DLBCL from gliomas. Marker performance was verified (ROC-AUC of ≥ 0.989) in samples from several GEO datasets (95 PCNSL; 2112 other primary CNS tumors of 11 types). Next, we developed a novel, efficient assay called Tailed Amplicon Multiplexed-Methylation-Specific PCR (TAM-MSP), which uses two of the methylation markers, cg0504 and SCG3 triplexed with ACTB. FFPE tissue sections (25 cases each) of PCNSL and eight types of other primary CNS tumors were analyzed using TAM-MSP. TAM-MSP distinguished PCNSL from the other primary CNS tumors with 100% accuracy (AUC = 1.00, 95% CI 0.95-1.00, P < 0.001). The TAM-MSP assay also detected as few as 5 copies of fully methylated plasma DNA spiked into 0.5 ml of healthy plasma. In a pilot study of plasma from 15 PCNSL, 5 other CNS tumors and 6 healthy individuals, methylation in cg0504 and SCG3 was detectable in 3/15 PCNSL samples (20%). CONCLUSION The Methylation Outlier Detector program identified methylated markers that distinguish PCNSL from other CNS tumors with accuracy. The high level of accuracy achieved by these markers was validated in tissues by a novel method, TAM-MSP. These studies lay a strong foundation for a liquid biopsy-based test to detect PCNSL-specific circulating tumor DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Downs
- Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Wanjun Ding
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Leslie M Cope
- Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Christopher B Umbricht
- Departments of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Wenge Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihua He
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Ke
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Matthias Holdhoff
- Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Weiping Tao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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21
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Wang Y, He B, Dong Y, He GJ, Qi XW, Li Y, Yang YF, Rao Y, Cen ZS, Han F, Ding J, Li JJ. Homeobox-A13 acts as a functional prognostic and diagnostic biomarker via regulating P53 and Wnt signaling pathways in lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:239-254. [PMID: 33896818 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-200540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of lung cancer patients is poor without useful prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. To search for novel prognostic and diagnostic markers, we previously found homeobox-A13 (HOXA13) as a promising candidate in lung cancer. OBJECTIVE To determine the precisely clinical feature, prognostic and diagnostic value, possible role and mechanism of HOXA13. METHODS Gene-expression was explored by real-time quantitative-PCR, western-blot and tissue-microarray. The associations were analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression. The roles and mechanisms were evaluated by MTS, EdU, transwell, xenograft tumor and luciferase-reporter assays. RESULTS HOXA13 expression is increased in tumors, and correlated with age of patients. HOXA13 expression is associated with unfavorable overall survival and relapse-free survival of patients in four cohorts. Interestingly, HOXA13 has different prognostic significance in adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), and is a sex- and smoke-related prognostic factor only in ADC. Importantly, HOXA13 can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for lung cancer, especially for SCC. HOXA13 can promote cancer-cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and facilitate tumorigenicity and tumor metastasis in vivo. HOXA13 acts the oncogenic roles on tumor growth and metastasis by regulating P53 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities in lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS HOXA13 is a new prognostic and diagnostic biomarker associated with P53 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gong-Jing He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Qi
- Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Fei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhong-Shun Cen
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Ebrahimpour A, Sarfi M, Rezatabar S, Tehrani SS. Novel insights into the interaction between long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in glioma. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2317-2335. [PMID: 33582947 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common brain tumor of the central nervous system. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to play a vital role in the initiation and progression of glioma, including tumor cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, invasion, and therapy resistance. New documents emerged, which indicated that the interaction between long non-coding RNAs and miRNAs contributes to the tumorigenesis and pathogenesis of glioma. LncRNAs can act as competing for endogenous RNA (ceRNA), and molecular sponge/deregulator in regulating miRNAs. These interactions stimulate different molecular signaling pathways in glioma, including the lncRNAs/miRNAs/Wnt/β-catenin molecular signaling pathway, the lncRNAs/miRNAs/PI3K/AKT/mTOR molecular signaling pathway, the lncRNAs-miRNAs/MAPK kinase molecular signaling pathway, and the lncRNAs/miRNAs/NF-κB molecular signaling pathway. In this paper, the basic roles and molecular interactions of the lncRNAs and miRNAs pathway glioma were summarized to better understand the pathogenesis and tumorigenesis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Ebrahimpour
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Rezatabar
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Knowledge of the role of HOX proteins in cancer has been steadily accumulating in the last 25 years. They are encoded by 39 HOX genes arranged in 4 distinct clusters, and have unique and redundant function in all types of cancers. Many HOX genes behave as oncogenic transcriptional factors regulating multiple pathways that are critical to malignant progression in a variety of tumors. Some HOX proteins have dual roles that are tumor-site specific, displaying both oncogenic and tumor suppressor function. The focus of this review is on how HOX proteins contribute to growth or suppression of metastasis. The review will cover HOX protein function in the critical aspects of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in cancer stem cell sustenance and in therapy resistance, manifested as distant metastasis. The emerging role of adiposity in both initiation and progression of metastasis is described. Defining the role of HOX genes in the metastatic process has identified candidates for targeted cancer therapies that may combat the metastatic process. We will discuss potential therapeutic opportunities, particularly in pathways influenced by HOX proteins.
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24
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Emerging Roles of Urine-Derived Components for the Management of Bladder Cancer: One Man's Trash Is Another Man's Treasure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030422. [PMID: 33498666 PMCID: PMC7865365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide, with many patients not responding to chemotherapy, or presenting with serious adverse effects after chemotherapy. Yet, current bench side assays provide limited accuracy for predicting therapeutic response to chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the potential of urinary-derived extracellular vesicles and UBC-organoids to serve as predictive biomarkers for this cancer. Specifically, molecular subtyping of urine-derived extracellular vesicles has the potential to provide insights into the molecular stratification of the tumor, while urinary organoids will allow for individualized chemotherapy testing in the context of precision medicine. Abstract Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract in humans, with an estimated global prevalence of 1.1 million cases over 5 years. Because of its high rates of recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, UBC is one of the most expensive cancers to treat, resulting in significant health care costs. The development of innovative molecular and cellular tools is necessary to refine patient stratification and help predict response to treatment. Urine is an underused resource of biological components shed from bladder tumors, such as exfoliated cells and extracellular vesicles, that could serve as molecular fingerprints and provide valuable biological insights into tumor phenotype and mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, characterization of urine-derived extracellular vesicles and cells could be used as reliable biomarkers for prediction of response to neoadjuvant therapy.
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25
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Gİrgİn B, KaradaĞ-Alpaslan M, KocabaŞ F. Oncogenic and tumor suppressor function of MEIS and associated factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 44:328-355. [PMID: 33402862 PMCID: PMC7759197 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2006-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MEIS proteins are historically associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and invasion in cancer. MEIS and associated PBX-HOX proteins may act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in different cellular settings. Their expressions tend to be misregulated in various cancers. Bioinformatic analyses have suggested their upregulation in leukemia/lymphoma, thymoma, pancreas, glioma, and glioblastoma, and downregulation in cervical, uterine, rectum, and colon cancers. However, every cancer type includes, at least, a subtype with high MEIS expression. In addition, studies have highlighted that MEIS proteins and associated factors may function as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for various diseases. Herein, MEIS proteins and associated factors in tumorigenesis are discussed with recent discoveries in addition to how they could be modulated by noncoding RNAs or newly developed small-molecule MEIS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birkan Gİrgİn
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey.,Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey.,Meinox Pharma Technologies, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Medine KaradaĞ-Alpaslan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun Turkey
| | - Fatih KocabaŞ
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey.,Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey.,Meinox Pharma Technologies, İstanbul Turkey
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26
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Alghamdi BS, Tewari D, Jeandet P, Sarwar MS, Ashraf GM. Epigenetics of glioblastoma multiforme: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic approaches. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:100-120. [PMID: 33370605 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of brain cancer and one of the most aggressive cancers found in humans. Most of the signs and symptoms of GBM can be mild and slowly aggravated, although other symptoms might demonstrate it as an acute ailment. However, the precise mechanisms of the development of GBM remain unknown. Due to the improvement of molecular pathology, current researches have reported that glioma progression is strongly connected with different types of epigenetic phenomena, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and aberrant microRNA. Furthermore, the genes and the proteins that control these alterations have become novel targets for treating glioma because of the reversibility of epigenetic modifications. In some cases, gene mutations including P16, TP53, and EGFR, have been observed in GBM. In contrast, monosomies, including removals of chromosome 10, particularly q23 and q25-26, are considered the standard markers for determining the development and aggressiveness of GBM. Recently, amid the epigenetic therapies, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors have been used for treating tumors, either single or combined. Specifically, HDACIs are served as a good choice and deliver a novel pathway to treat GBM. In this review, we focus on the epigenetics of GBM and the consequence of its mutations. We also highlight various treatment approaches, namely gene editing, epigenetic drugs, and microRNAs to combat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Paço A, Aparecida de Bessa Garcia S, Leitão Castro J, Costa-Pinto AR, Freitas R. Roles of the HOX Proteins in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E10. [PMID: 33375038 PMCID: PMC7792759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis correspond to the foremost cause of cancer-related death, and the molecular networks behind these two processes are extremely complex and dependent on the intra- and extracellular conditions along with the prime of the premetastatic niche. Currently, several studies suggest an association between the levels of HOX genes expression and cancer cell invasion and metastasis, which favour the formation of novel tumour masses. The deregulation of HOX genes by HMGA2/TET1 signalling and the regulatory effect of noncoding RNAs generated by the HOX loci can also promote invasion and metastasis, interfering with the expression of HOX genes or other genes relevant to these processes. In this review, we present five molecular mechanisms of HOX deregulation by which the HOX clusters products may affect invasion and metastatic processes in solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paço
- BLC3—Biomassa Lenho-Celulósica de 3ª Geração, Campus of Technology and Innovation, 3405-169 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - Simone Aparecida de Bessa Garcia
- I3S—Institute for Innovation & Health Research, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.d.B.G.); (J.L.C.); (A.R.C.-P.); (R.F.)
| | - Joana Leitão Castro
- I3S—Institute for Innovation & Health Research, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.d.B.G.); (J.L.C.); (A.R.C.-P.); (R.F.)
| | - Ana Rita Costa-Pinto
- I3S—Institute for Innovation & Health Research, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.d.B.G.); (J.L.C.); (A.R.C.-P.); (R.F.)
| | - Renata Freitas
- I3S—Institute for Innovation & Health Research, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.d.B.G.); (J.L.C.); (A.R.C.-P.); (R.F.)
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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28
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An T, Zhang XQ, Liu YF, Lian J, Wu YX, Lv BH, Liang C, Chen CY, Yu QS, Ma MH, Wang YQ, Jiang GJ, Fan T. Microarray analysis of aberrant microRNA expression patterns in spinal cord gliomas of different grades. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:371. [PMID: 33154769 PMCID: PMC7640765 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of several types of tumor; however, their role in spinal gliomas remains unknown. The present study aimed to identify potentially novel spinal cord gliomas (SCG)-associated miRNAs and to characterize their roles in the development and progression of SCG. miRNA expression levels in low-grade SCG (classed as stage I–II SCG based on the World Health Organization grading system), high-grade SCG (classed as stage IV SCG based on the World Health Organization grading system) and 5 control cases were measured using a miRNA expression microarray. Subsequently, blood samples from the spinal cord of patients with differing grades of SCG were screened for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). Compared with the control group, 7 upregulated and 36 downregulated miRNAs were identified in the low-grade SCG group and a total of 70 upregulated and 20 downregulated miRNAs were identified in the high-grade SCG group (P≤0.05, fold change >2). Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the regulation of cellular metabolic processes, negative regulation of biological processes and axon guidance were primarily involved. Moreover, pathway analysis showed that the target genes of DEmiRNAs were enriched in tumor-related signaling pathways, such as the MAPK and Wnt signaling pathway. The results suggest that DEmiRNAs in peripheral blood may serve as novel target markers with high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of SCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, ChuiYangLiu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing 100022, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Xiang Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Han Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Cong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Chun-You Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Workers Hospital of Tangshan City, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Shuai Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Hua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Workers Hospital of Tangshan City, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Qian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, ChuiYangLiu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing 100022, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Jian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
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29
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Gonçalves CS, Le Boiteux E, Arnaud P, Costa BM. HOX gene cluster (de)regulation in brain: from neurodevelopment to malignant glial tumours. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3797-3821. [PMID: 32239260 PMCID: PMC11105007 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HOX genes encode a family of evolutionarily conserved homeodomain transcription factors that are crucial both during development and adult life. In humans, 39 HOX genes are arranged in four clusters (HOXA, B, C, and D) in chromosomes 7, 17, 12, and 2, respectively. During embryonic development, particular epigenetic states accompany their expression along the anterior-posterior body axis. This tightly regulated temporal-spatial expression pattern reflects their relative chromosomal localization, and is critical for normal embryonic brain development when HOX genes are mainly expressed in the hindbrain and mostly absent in the forebrain region. Epigenetic marks, mostly polycomb-associated, are dynamically regulated at HOX loci and regulatory regions to ensure the finely tuned HOX activation and repression, highlighting a crucial epigenetic plasticity necessary for homeostatic development. HOX genes are essentially absent in healthy adult brain, whereas they are detected in malignant brain tumours, namely gliomas, where HOX genes display critical roles by regulating several hallmarks of cancer. Here, we review the major mechanisms involved in HOX genes (de)regulation in the brain, from embryonic to adult stages, in physiological and oncologic conditions. We focus particularly on the emerging causes of HOX gene deregulation in glioma, as well as on their functional and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline S Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elisa Le Boiteux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM-iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Arnaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM-iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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30
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Gu Y, Gu J, Shen K, Zhou H, Hao J, Li F, Yu H, Chen Y, Li J, Li Y, Liang H, Dong Y. HOXA13 promotes colon cancer progression through β-catenin-dependent WNT pathway. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112238. [PMID: 32822724 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human class I homeobox A13 (HOXA13) was initially identified as a transcription factor and has an important role in embryonic development and malignant transformation. However, the clinical significance and the molecular mechanisms of HOXA13 in colon cancer development and progression are still unknown. In this study, we found that HOXA13 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues, and its expression was associated with histological grade, T stage, N stage and tumour size. In vitro studies showed that HOXA13 promoted colon cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that HOXA13 expression was positively correlated with the WNT signalling pathway. In vitro studies showed that HOXA13 promoted the malignant phenotype of colon cancer cells by facilitating the nuclear translocation of β-Catenin. Moreover, XAV939, an inhibitor of β-Catenin, reversed the HOXA13-mediated effects on invasion and proliferation of colon cancer cells. In vivo studies further verified that HOXA13 promoted tumour formation through the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that HOXA13 is a potential oncogene that functions by promoting the nuclear translocation of β-Catenin, thereby maintaining the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kaicheng Shen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongxu Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Yueqi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Brotto DB, Siena ÁDD, de Barros II, Carvalho SDCES, Muys BR, Goedert L, Cardoso C, Plaça JR, Ramão A, Squire JA, Araujo LF, Silva WAD. Contributions of HOX genes to cancer hallmarks: Enrichment pathway analysis and review. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320918050. [PMID: 32456563 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320918050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes function as master regulatory transcription factors during development, and their expression is often altered in cancer. The HOX gene family was initially studied intensively to understand how the expression of each gene was involved in forming axial patterns and shaping the body plan during embryogenesis. More recent investigations have discovered that HOX genes can also play an important role in cancer. The literature has shown that the expression of HOX genes may be increased or decreased in different tumors and that these alterations may differ depending on the specific HOX gene involved and the type of cancer being investigated. New studies are also emerging, showing the critical role of some members of the HOX gene family in tumor progression and variation in clinical response. However, there has been limited systematic evaluation of the various contributions of each member of the HOX gene family in the pathways that drive the common phenotypic changes (or "hallmarks") and that underlie the transformation of normal cells to cancer cells. In this review, we investigate the context of the engagement of HOX gene targets and their downstream pathways in the acquisition of competence of tumor cells to undergo malignant transformation and tumor progression. We also summarize published findings on the involvement of HOX genes in carcinogenesis and use bioinformatics methods to examine how their downstream targets and pathways are involved in each hallmark of the cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Barbosa Brotto
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ádamo Davi Diógenes Siena
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ichihara de Barros
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Simone da Costa E Silva Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruna Rodrigues Muys
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas Goedert
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cibele Cardoso
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jessica Rodrigues Plaça
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Anelisa Ramão
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jeremy Andrew Squire
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Luiza Ferreira Araujo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Integrative System Biology (CISBi), NAP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Medical Genomics, Clinics Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Adato O, Orenstein Y, Kopolovic J, Juven-Gershon T, Unger R. Quantitative Analysis of Differential Expression of HOX Genes in Multiple Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1572. [PMID: 32545894 PMCID: PMC7352544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors encoded by Homeobox (HOX) genes play numerous key functions during early embryonic development and differentiation. Multiple reports have shown that mis-regulation of HOX gene expression plays key roles in the development of cancers. Their expression levels in cancers tend to differ based on tissue and tumor type. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis comparing HOX gene expression in different cancer types, obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), with matched healthy tissues, obtained from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). We identified and quantified differential expression patterns that confirmed previously identified expression changes and highlighted new differential expression signatures. We discovered differential expression patterns that are in line with patient survival data. This comprehensive and quantitative analysis provides a global picture of HOX genes' differential expression patterns in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Adato
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Yaron Orenstein
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Juri Kopolovic
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Tamar Juven-Gershon
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Ron Unger
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
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Han X, Wang X, Li H, Zhang H. Mechanism of microRNA-431-5p- EPB41L1 interaction in glioblastoma multiforme cells. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1555-1564. [PMID: 31749885 PMCID: PMC6855151 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.88274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a kind of malignant brain tumor prevalent in adults, with the characteristics well adapted to poorly immunogenic and hypoxic conditions. Effective treatment of GBM is impeded due to the high proliferation, migration and invasion of GBM cells. GBM cells migrate by degrading the extracellular matrix, so it is difficult to have GBM cells eradicated completely by surgery. This study aims to confirm that miR-431-5p could influence the proliferation, invasion and migration of human glioblastoma multiforme cells by targeting EPB41L1 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1). MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression levels of miR-431-5p and EPB41L1 were detected in GBM cells and tissues using qRT-PCR. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay and western blot were applied to confirm the targeting relationship between miR-431-5p and EPB41L1. GBM cell line U87 was used in MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell, and wound healing assays to determine cell proliferation, migration and invasion. RESULTS MiR-431-5p was overexpressed in GBM tissues while EPB41L1 was under-expressed. The results of dual luciferase reporter gene assay and western blot demonstrated that miR-431-5p could target EPB41L1 and suppress its expression. Down-regulating the expression of miR-431-5p or up-regulating the expression of EPB41L1 could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration but promote the apoptosis of GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS MiR-431-5p facilitated the progression of GBM by inhibiting EPB41L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Han
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, CangZhou Central Hospital, CangZhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xirui Wang
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, CangZhou Central Hospital, CangZhou, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Surgery, Dongguang County Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, CangZhou, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, CangZhou Central Hospital, CangZhou, Hebei, China
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Ji Y, Gu Y, Hong S, Yu B, Zhang J, Liu J. Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA‐TF crosstalks and identification of prognostic regulatory feedback loops of glioblastoma using lncRNA/TF‐mediated ceRNA network. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:755-767. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Department of Medical Technology Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine 283 Jiefangnan Road Yangcheng 224005 China
| | - Yaqin Gu
- Department of Medical Technology Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine 283 Jiefangnan Road Yangcheng 224005 China
| | - Shuai Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jian‐Hua Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China
| | - Jin‐Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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A 6-Gene Risk Signature Predicts Survival of Glioblastoma Multiforme. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1649423. [PMID: 31531345 PMCID: PMC6720050 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1649423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to develop novel signatures for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Methods GBM expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were downloaded and DEGs between tumor and normal samples were identified by differential expression analysis (DEA). A risk signature was developed by applying weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and Cox regression analysis. Patients were divided into high and low risk group, followed by evaluating the performance of the signature via Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. In addition, the prognostic significance of the signature was further validated using an independent validation dataset from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). DEGs between high and low risk group were subjected to functional annotation. Results A total of 748 DEGs were identified between primary tumor and normal samples. Following WGCNA and Cox regression analysis, 6 DEGs were identified and used to construct a risk signature. The signature showed high performance in both training and validation dataset. Subsequently, 397 DEGs were identified between high and low risk group. These DEGs were mainly enriched in terms related to calcium signaling, cAMP-mediated signaling, and synaptic transmission. Conclusions The risk signature may contribute to GBM diagnosis in future clinical practice.
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Lowder L, Hauenstein J, Woods A, Chen HR, Rupji M, Kowalski J, Olson JJ, Saxe D, Schniederjan M, Neill S, Weinberg B, Sengupta S. Gliosarcoma: distinct molecular pathways and genomic alterations identified by DNA copy number/SNP microarray analysis. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:381-392. [PMID: 31073965 PMCID: PMC6591191 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gliosarcoma is a histologic variant of glioblastoma (GBM), and like GBM carries a poor prognosis. Median survival is less than one (1) year with less than 5% of patients alive after 5 years. Although there is no cure, standard treatment includes surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. While very similar to GBM, gliosarcoma exhibits several distinct differences, morphologically and molecularly. Therefore, we report a comprehensive analysis of DNA copy number changes in gliosarcoma using a cytogenomic DNA copy number (CN) microarray (OncoScan®). METHODS Cytogenomic DNA copy number microarray (OncoScan®) was performed on 18 cases of gliosarcoma. MetaCore™ enrichment was applied to the array results to detect associated molecular pathways. RESULTS The most frequent alteration was copy number loss, comprising 57% of total copy number changes. The number of losses far exceeded the number of amplifications (***, < 0.001) and loss of heterozygosity events (***, < 0.001). Amplifications were infrequent (4.6%), particularly for EGFR. Chromosomes 9 and 10 had the highest number of losses; a large portion of which correlated to CDKN2A/B loss. Copy number gains were the second most common alteration (26.2%), with the majority occurring on chromosome 7. MetaCore™ enrichment detected notable pathways for copy number gains including: HOXA, Rho family of GTPases, and EGFR; copy number loss including: WNT, NF-kß, and CDKN2A; and copy number loss of heterozygosity including: WNT and p53. CONCLUSIONS The pathways and copy number alterations detected in this study may represent key drivers in gliosarcoma oncogenesis and may provide a starting point toward targeted oncologic analysis with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Lowder
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, H185D, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jennifer Hauenstein
- Department of Oncology Cytogenetics, Emory University Hospital, F143A, 1364 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Ashley Woods
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Hsiao-Rong Chen
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Manali Rupji
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas At Austin, 1601 Trinity St., Bldg. B, Stop Z1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Debra Saxe
- Department of Oncology Cytogenetics, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 143A USA
| | - Matthew Schniederjan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University Hospital, H185D, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Stewart Neill
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, H185D, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Brent Weinberg
- Department of Neuroradiology, Emory University Hospital, BG20, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Departments Neurology, Hematology & Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Wang J, Quan X, Peng D, Hu G. Long non‑coding RNA DLEU1 promotes cell proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1873-1882. [PMID: 31257517 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the role of long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in glioblastomagenesis progression. Using the GSE2223 and GSE59612 datasets, and RNA sequencing data of GBM from The Cancer Genome Atlas, differentially expressed (DE) genes including DE messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs) and DElncRNAs between GBM and normal controls were identified. Based on the competing endogenous RNA hypothesis, DElncRNA‑micro RNA (miRNA)‑DEmRNA interactions were obtained by target gene prediction. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathway analysis of DEmRNAs in the DElncRNA‑miRNA‑DEmRNA network was performed. Expression and function analyses of DElncRNAs were performed by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR) and an established viability assay, respectively. In total, 712 DE genes were identified. Significant upregulation of lncRNA deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 1 (DLEU1) was revealed in GBM and a number of other types of cancer. DLEU1 interacted with 315 miRNAs and 105 DEmRNAs. The DEmRNAs were mainly enriched in tumorigenesis‑associated GO terms (angiogenesis, positive regulation of cell proliferation, positive regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processes and regulation of neutrophil migration) and pathways (Hippo signaling pathway, cancer pathways, and Wnt signaling pathway). Correlation analysis revealed that mRNA TNF receptor associated factor 4 (TRAF4) was associated with DLEU1 expression. RT‑PCR demonstrated that the expression levels of DLEU1 and TRAF4 were increased in GBM tissues. Small interfering RNA demonstrated that silencing DLEU1 downregulated TRAF4. The viability of GBM cells was significantly decreased following RNA interference with DLEU1 and TRAF4 production. The results demonstrate that DLEU1 and TRAF4 is highly expressed in GBM tissues and promotes proliferation of GBM cells. It may act as a competing endogenous RNA and influence tumorigenesis of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhangjiajie, Zhangjiajie, Hunan 427000, P.R. China
| | - Xingyun Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhangjiajie, Zhangjiajie, Hunan 427000, P.R. China
| | - Dingting Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhangjiajie, Zhangjiajie, Hunan 427000, P.R. China
| | - Guancheng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhangjiajie, Zhangjiajie, Hunan 427000, P.R. China
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An T, Fan T, Zhang XQ, Liu YF, Huang J, Liang C, Lv BH, Wang YQ, Zhao XG, Liu JX, Fu YH, Jiang GJ. Comparison of Alterations in miRNA Expression in Matched Tissue and Blood Samples during Spinal Cord Glioma Progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9169. [PMID: 31235820 PMCID: PMC6591379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to glioma initiation. However, the expression of miRNAs in tumour tissue or blood of spinal cord glioma (SCG) patients, particularly in high-grade spinal gliomas (Grade IV) known as glioblastoma (GBM), remains largely unknown. In this study we aimed to determine differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in the tissue and blood between spinal cord glioblastoma (SC-GBM) patients and low grade SCG (L-SCG) patients. Additionally, we predicted key miRNA targets and pathways that may be critical in glioma development using pathway and gene ontology analysis. A total of 74 miRNAs were determined to be differentially expressed (25 upregulated and 49 downregulated) in blood, while 207 miRNAs (20 up-regulated and 187 down-regulated) were identified in tissue samples. Gene ontology analysis revealed multicellular organism development and positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process to be primarily involved. Pathway analysis revealed "Glioma", "Signalling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells" to be the most relevant pathways. miRNA-mRNA analysis revealed that hsa-miRNA3196, hsa-miR-27a-3p, and hsa-miR-3664-3p and their target genes are involved in cancer progression. Our study provides a molecular basis for SCG pathological grading based on differential miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian An
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Xin Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, ChuiYangLiu Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | | | - Cong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bo-Han Lv
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yin-Qian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xin-Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jia-Xian Liu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Yu- Huan Fu
- Molecular Development and Diagnosis of Tumor Pathology, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Guang-Jian Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Mechanism of Snhg8/miR-384/Hoxa13/FAM3A axis regulating neuronal apoptosis in ischemic mice model. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:441. [PMID: 31165722 PMCID: PMC6549185 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs, a subgroup of noncoding RNAs, are implicated in ischemic brain injury. The expression levels of Snhg8, miR-384, Hoxa13, and FAM3A were measured in chronic cerebral ischemia-induced HT22 cells and hippocampal tissues. The role of the Snhg8/miR-384/Hoxa13/FAM3A axis was evaluated in chronic cerebral ischemia models in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we found that Snhg8 and Hoxa13 were downregulated, while miR-384 was upregulated in chronic cerebral ischemia-induced HT22 cells and hippocampal tissues. Overexpression of Snhg8 and Hoxa13, and silencing of miR-384, all inhibited chronic cerebral ischemia-induced apoptosis of HT22 cells. Moreover, Snhg8 bound to miR-384 in a sequence-dependent manner and there was a reciprocal repression between Snhg8 and miR-384. Besides, overexpression of miR-384 impaired Hoxa13 expression by targeting its 3'UTR and regulated chronic cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis. Hoxa13 bound to the promoter of FAM3A and enhanced its promotor activity, which regulated chronic cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis. Remarkably, the in vivo experiments demonstrated that Snhg8 overexpression combined with miR-384 knockdown led to an anti-apoptosis effect. These results reveal that the Snhg8/miR-384/Hoxa13/FAM3A axis plays a critical role in the regulation of chronic cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis.
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Tachon G, Masliantsev K, Rivet P, Petropoulos C, Godet J, Milin S, Wager M, Guichet PO, Karayan-Tapon L. Prognostic significance of MEOX2 in gliomas. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:774-786. [PMID: 30659268 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant primary tumors in the central nervous system and have variable predictive clinical courses. Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of glioma, is a complex disease with unsatisfactory therapeutic solutions and a very poor prognosis. Some processes at stake in gliomagenesis have been discovered but little is known about the role of homeobox genes, even though they are highly expressed in gliomas, particularly in glioblastoma. Among them, the transcription factor Mesenchyme Homeobox 2 (MEOX2) had previously been associated with malignant progression and clinical prognosis in lung cancer and hepatocarcinoma but never studied in glioma. The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical significance of MEOX2 in gliomas. We assessed the expression of MEOX2 according to IDH1/2 molecular profile and patient survival among three different public datasets: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and the US National Cancer Institute Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (Rembrandt). We then evaluated the prognostic significance of MEOX2 protein expression on 112 glioma clinical samples including; 56 IDH1 wildtype glioblastomas, 7 IDH1 wild-type lower grade gliomas, 49 IDH1 mutated lower grade gliomas. Survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method followed by uni/multivariate analyses. We demonstrated that MEOX2 was one of the transcription factors most closely associated with overall survival in glioma. Moreover, MEOX2 expression was associated with IDH1/2 wildtype molecular subtype and was significantly correlated with overall survival of all gliomas and, more interestingly, in lower grade glioma. To conclude, our results may be the first to provide insight into the clinical significance of MEOX2 in gliomas, which is a factor closely related to patient outcome. MEOX2 could constitute an interesting prognostic biomarker, especially for lower grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Tachon
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, F-86073, France.,Université de Poitiers, F-86073, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, Poitiers, F-86022, France
| | - Konstantin Masliantsev
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, F-86073, France.,Université de Poitiers, F-86073, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, Poitiers, F-86022, France
| | - Pierre Rivet
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, Poitiers, F-86022, France
| | - Christos Petropoulos
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, F-86073, France.,Université de Poitiers, F-86073, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, Poitiers, F-86022, France
| | - Julie Godet
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Serge Milin
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Michel Wager
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, F-86073, France.,Université de Poitiers, F-86073, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Service de Neurochirurgie, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Guichet
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, F-86073, France. .,Université de Poitiers, F-86073, Poitiers, France. .,CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, Poitiers, F-86022, France.
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, F-86073, France. .,Université de Poitiers, F-86073, Poitiers, France. .,CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, Poitiers, F-86022, France.
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Paralogous HOX13 Genes in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050699. [PMID: 31137568 PMCID: PMC6562813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox genes (HOX in humans), an evolutionary preserved gene family, are key determinants of embryonic development and cell memory gene program. Hox genes are organized in four clusters on four chromosomal loci aligned in 13 paralogous groups based on sequence homology (Hox gene network). During development Hox genes are transcribed, according to the rule of “spatio-temporal collinearity”, with early regulators of anterior body regions located at the 3’ end of each Hox cluster and the later regulators of posterior body regions placed at the distal 5’ end. The onset of 3’ Hox gene activation is determined by Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) signaling, whereas 5’ Hox activation is due to paralogous group 13 genes, which act as posterior-inhibitors of more anterior Hox proteins (posterior prevalence). Deregulation of HOX genes is associated with developmental abnormalities and different human diseases. Paralogous HOX13 genes (HOX A13, HOX B13, HOX C13 and HOX D13) also play a relevant role in tumor development and progression. In this review, we will discuss the role of paralogous HOX13 genes regarding their regulatory mechanisms during carcinogenesis and tumor progression and their use as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Leday GGR, Richardson S. Fast Bayesian inference in large Gaussian graphical models. Biometrics 2019; 75:1288-1298. [PMID: 31009060 PMCID: PMC6916355 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite major methodological developments, Bayesian inference in Gaussian graphical models remains challenging in high dimension due to the tremendous size of the model space. This article proposes a method to infer the marginal and conditional independence structures between variables by multiple testing, which bypasses the exploration of the model space. Specifically, we introduce closed-form Bayes factors under the Gaussian conjugate model to evaluate the null hypotheses of marginal and conditional independence between variables. Their computation for all pairs of variables is shown to be extremely efficient, thereby allowing us to address large problems with thousands of nodes as required by modern applications. Moreover, we derive exact tail probabilities from the null distributions of the Bayes factors. These allow the use of any multiplicity correction procedure to control error rates for incorrect edge inclusion. We demonstrate the proposed approach on various simulated examples as well as on a large gene expression data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaël G R Leday
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sylvia Richardson
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Jiang H, Xiong W, Chen L, Lv Z, Yang C, Li Y. Knockdown of the long noncoding RNA HOTTIP inhibits cell proliferation and enhances cell sensitivity to cisplatin by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8965-8974. [PMID: 30809864 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent and deadly cancer worldwide. Considering the malignant progression and therapeutic resistance of PCa, further dissection of the underlying mechanisms and exploration of novel therapeutic targets for PCa are urgently needed. The long noncoding RNA HOTTIP has recently been revealed as an oncogenic regulator in different cancers; however, whether HOTTIP is involved in PCa remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the crucial roles of HOTTIP in the proliferation and chemoresistance of PCa. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the HOTTIP messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in PCa samples from patients and PCa cells. Then, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, and cell cycle and flow cytometry assays were performed to investigate the proliferation and cisplatin-resistance of PCa cells with silenced HOTTIP compared with a negative control. We applied Western blotting, qRT-PCR and a TOP/FOP assay to explore the relevant mechanisms. RESULTS In this study, we found that the HOTTIP mRNA levels were increased in the PCa patient samples and PCa cell lines compared with the controls. The knockdown of HOTTIP not only inhibited the proliferation of PCa cells but also facilitated cell cycle arrest and chemosensitivity to cisplatin. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR, Western blotting, TOP/FOP assays, MTT assay, and flow cytometry revealed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling was related to the regulation of HOTTIP in cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and chemoresistance to cisplatin in PCa. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings suggest that HOTTIP may be a potent therapeutic target for PCa, and HOTTIP inhibitors might be regarded as effective strategies for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichuan Jiang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingxiao Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengtong Lv
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changzhao Yang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Specific V-ATPase expression sub-classifies IDHwt lower-grade gliomas and impacts glioma growth in vivo. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:214-224. [PMID: 30737087 PMCID: PMC6441867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells use specific V-ATPase subunits to activate oncogenic pathways. Therefore, we investigated V-ATPase deregulation in aggressive gliomas and associated signaling. Methods V-ATPase genes expression and associated pathways were analyzed in different series of glioma available from public databases, as well as in patients' cohort. Activation of pathways was analyzed at gene and protein expression levels. A genetic model of glioma in Drosophila melanogaster and mice with GBM patients-derived orthotopic xenografts were used as in vivo models of disease. Findings GBM and recurrent gliomas display a specific V-ATPase signature. Such signature resolves the heterogeneous class of IDH-wild type lower-grade gliomas, identifying the patients with worse prognosis independently from clinical and molecular features (p = 0·03, by Cox proportional-hazards model). In vivo, V-ATPase subunits deregulation significantly impacts tumor growth and proliferation. At the molecular level, GBM-like V-ATPase expression correlates with upregulation of Homeobox genes. Interpretation Our data identify a V-ATPase signature that accompanies glioma aggressiveness and suggest new entry points for glioma stratification and follow-up. Fund This work was supported by Fondazione Cariplo (2014–1148 to VV), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, and Fondazione INGM Grant in Molecular Medicine 2014 (to VV).
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PLK4 is a determinant of temozolomide sensitivity through phosphorylation of IKBKE in glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 443:91-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wang X, Chen T, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Li C, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhao W, Chen B, Wang L, Yang Q. Long noncoding RNA Linc00339 promotes triple‐negative breast cancer progression through miR‐377‐3p/HOXC6 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13303-13317. [PMID: 30618083 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
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Gao D, Chen HQ. Specific knockdown of HOXB7 inhibits cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell migration and invasion while inducing apoptosis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C675-C686. [PMID: 30067384 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00291.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a major cause of death associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer. The involvement of homeobox B7 ( HOXB7) in cancers has been reported. Thus, the current study intends to explore the effect of HOXB7 on CSCC and its relationship with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Initially, microarray-based gene expression profiling of CSCC was performed, and HOXB7 was identified as an upregulated gene based on the microarray data of GSE66359 . Following this, the experimental results indicated that HOXB7 and β-catenin formed a composite, demonstrating that endogenous HOXB7 binds to β-catenin. Subsequently, CSCC cells were treated with siRNA against HOXB7 or an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to analyze any underlying regulatory mechanism of HOXB7 on the CSCC cells. Tumor growth involving xenografts in nude mice was also observed so as to explore whether or not HOXB7 could regulate subcutaneous tumor growth through in vivo culturing. To investigate the potential effects of HOXB7 on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, we determined the expression of HOXB7 and downstream genes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Notably, siRNA-mediated knockdown of HOXB7 inhibited the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby impeding the progression of cell viability, migration, and invasion as well as of the tumor growth, although contrarily facilitating cell apoptosis. Taken together, silencing of the HOXB7 has the mechanism of inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby accelerating cell apoptosis and suppressing cell migration and invasion in CSCC, which could provide a candidate target for the CSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Quan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Qiang Z, Jun-Jie L, Hai W, Hong L, Bing-Xi L, Lei C, Wei X, Ya-Wei L, Huang A, Song-Tao Q, Yun-Tao L. TPD52L2 impacts proliferation, invasiveness and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells via modulation of wnt/β-catenin/snail signaling. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:214-224. [PMID: 29106517 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity greatly hinders efficiency of target therapy in glioblastoma (GBM). To decipher the underlying mechanisms of heterogeneity, patient-derived adult GBM cells were separately isolated from margins of T1 gadolinium enhancing tumor lesions (PNCs) and T1 gadolinium enhancing core lesions (ECs). Single clone culture was conducted in ECs and U87MG cell line to screen clones with distinct biological phenotypes. Single cell clones with diverse phenotypes were simultaneously separated from ECs and U87 cell line. PNCs, GCs(H) and U87(H) exhibited longer cellular protrusion than ECs, GCs(L) and U87(L), respectively. Cell strains with longer protrusion exhibited higher invasive ability and lower sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation. Subsequently, TPD52L2 was verified as the functional protein to regulate the cellular heterogeneity by the proteomics analysis. Downregulation of TPD52L2 enhanced cell invasion whereas inhibited cell proliferation rate and sensitivity to chemotherapy in vivo and in vitro, this condition was reversed when TPD52L2 was overexpressed. The invasiveness was facilitated by up-regulating CTNNB1/β-catenin and SNAI1/Snail mediated EMT process. In addition, the clinical data of 88 GBM cases in our neurosurgery center was analyzed to reveal the influence of TPD52L2 in the prognosis of GBM. Low expression of TPD52L2 exacerbated prognosis of GBM patients received standard radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant TMZ (Stupp strategy). Taken together, TPD52L2 is an important biomarker influencing GBM prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Qiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Jun-Jie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Hai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Bing-Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Ya-Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Annie Huang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sickkids, Toronto, Canada
| | - Qi Song-Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yun-Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
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Long noncoding RNA LUCAT1 promotes malignancy of ovarian cancer through regulation of miR-612/HOXA13 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2095-2100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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50
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Li G, Zhang C, Bao Z, Wang Z, You G, Jiang T. Identification of IDH-mutant gliomas by a prognostic signature according to gene expression profiling. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:1977-1988. [PMID: 30115812 PMCID: PMC6128431 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are the most common genetic aberrations in gliomagenesis. We aimed to build a high-efficiency prediction gene signature in patients with IDH-mutant glioma. METHODS In total, 167 gliomas from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset were included for discovery. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was used for validation. R language was the main software environment for our statistical operation and graphics. RESULTS We applied the Time-Dependent ROC Curve (timeROC) method to estimate the gene prediction accuracy of 3 years and 5 years in two datasets. Seven genes were selected for further analysis (AUC ≥ 0.7 in two datasets). A seven-gene enrichment score was established to predict the overall survival of 3 years and 5 years for IDH- mutant glioma patients. Moreover, the seven-gene signature was an independent prognostic indicator for patients with IDH-mutant glioma. Gene Ontology (GO) Analysis of associated genes revealed signature-related biological process of cell cycle and division. CONCLUSION We have identified a seven-gene signature that can provide a more accurate predictor of 3 years and 5 years for patients with IDH-mutant glioma. Moreover, the signature may potentially help neurosurgeons with the clinical personalized management of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangwei Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gan You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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