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Skalny AV, Aschner M, Tsatsakis A, Rocha JB, Santamaria A, Spandidos DA, Martins AC, Lu R, Korobeinikova TV, Chen W, Chang JS, Chao JC, Li C, Tinkov AA. Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D 3 in bone health and osteoporosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:9. [PMID: 38063255 PMCID: PMC10712697 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present review was to summarize the molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of the vitamins A, C, E and K, and group B vitamins on bone and their potential roles in the development of osteoporosis. Epidemiological findings have demonstrated an association between vitamin deficiency and a higher risk of developing osteoporosis; vitamins are positively related to bone health upon their intake at the physiological range. Excessive vitamin intake can also adversely affect bone formation, as clearly demonstrated for vitamin A. Vitamins E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), K2 (menaquinones 4 and 7) and C have also been shown to promote osteoblast development through bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, as well as the TGFβ/Smad pathway (α‑tocopherol). Vitamin A metabolite (all‑trans retinoic acid) exerts both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on BMP‑ and Wnt/β‑catenin‑mediated osteogenesis at the nanomolar and micromolar range, respectively. Certain vitamins significantly reduce receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‑B ligand (RANKL) production and RANKL/RANK signaling, while increasing the level of osteoprotegerin (OPG), thus reducing the RANKL/OPG ratio and exerting anti‑osteoclastogenic effects. Ascorbic acid can both promote and inhibit RANKL signaling, being essential for osteoclastogenesis. Vitamin K2 has also been shown to prevent vascular calcification by activating matrix Gla protein through its carboxylation. Therefore, the maintenance of a physiological intake of vitamins should be considered as a nutritional strategy for the prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V. Skalny
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Joao B.T. Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Faculty of Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Tatiana V. Korobeinikova
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jane C.J. Chao
- College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119146, Russia
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
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Ho M, Dasari S, Visram A, Drake MT, Charlesworth MC, Johnson KL, Pujari GP, Jevremovic D, Kourelis T. An atlas of the bone marrow bone proteome in patients with dysproteinemias. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:63. [PMID: 37105956 PMCID: PMC10140150 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is a significant cause of morbidity but there is a paucity of data on the impact of malignant plasma cells on adjacent trabecular bone within the BM. Here, we characterize the proteome of trabecular bone tissue from BM biopsies of 56 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering (SMM), newly diagnosed (NDMM), relapsed MM (RMM), and normal controls. Proteins involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and immunity pathways were decreased in SMM and active MM. Among the proteins most decreased were immunoglobulins, type IV collagen, and TIMP3, suggesting increased immunoparesis and decreased ECM remodelling within trabecular bone. Proteins most increased in SMM/MM were APP (enhances osteoclast activity), ENPP1 (enhances bone mineralization), and MZB1 (required for normal plasmablast differentiation). Pathway analyses showed that proteins involved in gamma -carboxylation, a pathway implicated in osteocalcin function, osteoblast differentiation, and normal hematopoiesis, were also overexpressed in SMM/MM. This study is the first comprehensive proteomic atlas of the BM bone proteome in dysproteinemias. We identify new key proteins and pathways for MM bone disease and potentially impaired hematopoiesis, and show for the first time that gamma -carboxylation pathways are increased in the bone tissue of SMM/MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alissa Visram
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew T Drake
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dragan Jevremovic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, Rochester, USA
| | - Taxiarchis Kourelis
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Ho M, Dasari S, Visram A, Drake M, Charlesworth C, Johnson K, Pujari G, Jevremovic D, Kourelis T. An atlas of the bone marrow bone proteome in patients with dysproteinemias. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2468383. [PMID: 36747663 PMCID: PMC9900982 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2468383/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is a significant cause of morbidity but there is a paucity of data on the impact of malignant plasma cells on adjacent trabecular bone within the BM. Here, we characterize the proteome of trabecular bone tissue from BM biopsies of 56 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering (SMM), newly diagnosed (NDMM), relapsed MM (RMM), and normal controls. Proteins involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and immunity pathways were decreased in SMM and active MM. Among the proteins most decreased were immunoglobulins, type IV collagen, and TIMP3, suggesting increased immunoparesis and decreased ECM remodelling within trabecular bone. Proteins most increased in SMM/MM were APP (enhances osteoclast activity), ENPP1 (enhances bone mineralization), and MZB1 (required for normal plasmablast differentiation). Pathway analyses showed that proteins involved in gamma -carboxylation, a pathway implicated in osteocalcin function, osteoblast differentiation, and normal hematopoiesis, were also overexpressed in SMM/MM. This study is the first comprehensive proteomic atlas of the BM bone proteome in dysproteinemias. We identify new key proteins and pathways for MM bone disease and potentially impaired hematopoiesis, and show for the first time that gamma -carboxylation pathways are increased in the bone tissue of SMM/MM.
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de Sire A, Lippi L, Marotta N, Folli A, Calafiore D, Moalli S, Turco A, Ammendolia A, Fusco N, Invernizzi M. Impact of Physical Rehabilitation on Bone Biomarkers in Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020921. [PMID: 36674436 PMCID: PMC9863706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitation might improve bone health in breast cancer (BC) patients, but the effects on bone biomarkers are still debated. Thus, this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aims at characterizing the impact of rehabilitation on bone health biomarkers in BC survivors. On 2 May 2022, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PEDro were systematically searched for RCTs assessing bone biomarker modifications induced by physical exercise in BC survivors. The quality assessment was performed with the Jadad scale and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoBv.2). Trial registration number: CRD42022329766. Ten studies were included for a total of 873 patients. The meta-analysis showed overall significant mean difference percentage decrease in collagen type 1 cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTX) serum level [ES: -11.65 (-21.13, -2.17), p = 0.02)] and an increase in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) levels [ES: +6.09 (1.56, 10.62). According to the Jadad scale, eight RCTs were considered high-quality studies. Four studies showed a low overall risk of bias, according to RoBv.2. The significant effects of rehabilitation on bone biomarkers suggested a possible implication for a precision medicine approach targeting bone remodeling. Future research might clarify the role of bone biomarkers monitoring in rehabilitation management of cancer treatment induced bone-loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Sire
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.d.S.); (L.L.); Tel.: +39-0961712819 (A.d.S.); +39-0131207165 (L.L.)
| | - Lorenzo Lippi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.d.S.); (L.L.); Tel.: +39-0961712819 (A.d.S.); +39-0131207165 (L.L.)
| | - Nicola Marotta
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arianna Folli
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Dario Calafiore
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Carlo Poma, 46100 Mantova, Italy
| | - Stefano Moalli
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessio Turco
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Ammendolia
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Rizvi SMHA, Sharaf J, Williams KAD, Tariq M, Acharekar MV, Guerrero Saldivia SE, Unnikrishnan S, Chavarria YY, Akindele AO, Jalkh AP, Eastmond AK, Shetty C, Mohammed L. Effectiveness of Prophylactic Interventions in Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification (NHO): A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e27683. [PMID: 36072216 PMCID: PMC9440349 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) is the formation of mature lamellar bone in peri-articular tissues following a neurological insult, most commonly traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury (SCI). NHO is a debilitating condition associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. However, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. While surgery is the mainstay of treatment once NHO has been diagnosed, prophylactic options are limited and not well studied. This review aimed to determine the efficacy of various interventions used in the primary prevention of NHO. We conducted an electronic literature search using five databases (PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)) for records published until April 10, 2022. We identified 2,610 potentially eligible records across all databases. Nine reports met our eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Four were clinical trials (three randomized control trials, one nonrandomized trial), four were observational studies, and one was a systematic review/meta-analysis. The medications/interventions used included: warfarin, pulse low-intensity electromagnetic field therapy (PLIMF), bisphosphonates, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We did not find conclusive evidence to recommend the use of bisphosphonates and warfarin in the prevention of NHO. On the contrary, we found NSAIDs and PLIMF as effective prophylactic options based on the results of high-quality randomized control trials. Further prospective randomized studies with prolonged follow-ups are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of these preventive interventions.
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Ghosh S, Kraus K, Biswas A, Müller J, Forin F, Singer H, Höning K, Hornung V, Watzka M, Oldenburg J, Czogalla-Nitsche KJ. GGCX variants leading to biallelic deficiency to γ-carboxylate GRP cause skin laxity in VKCFD1 patients. Hum Mutat 2021; 43:42-55. [PMID: 34816548 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) catalyzes the γ-carboxylation of 15 different vitamin K dependent (VKD) proteins. Pathogenic variants in GGCX cause a rare hereditary bleeding disorder called Vitamin K dependent coagulation factor deficiency type 1 (VKCFD1). In addition to bleedings, some VKCFD1 patients develop skin laxity and skeletal dysmorphologies. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these non-hemorrhagic phenotypes remain elusive. Therefore, we have analyzed 20 pathogenic GGCX variants on their ability to γ-carboxylate six non-hemostatic VKD proteins in an in vitro assay, where GGCX variants were expressed in GGCX-/- cells and levels of γ-carboxylated co-expressed VKD proteins were detected by a functional ELISA. We observed that GGCX variants causing markedly reduced γ-carboxylation of Gla rich protein (GRP) in vitro were reported in patients with skin laxity. Reduced levels of γ-carboxylated Matrix gla protein (MGP) are not exclusive for causing skeletal dysmorphologies in VKCFD1 patients. In silico docking of vitamin K hydroquinone on a GGCX model revealed a binding site, which was validated by in vitro assays. GGCX variants affecting this site result in disability to γ-carboxylate VKD proteins and hence are involved in the most severe phenotypes. This genotype-phenotype analysis will help to understand the development of non-hemorrhagic phenotypes and hence improve treatment in VKCFD1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvoshree Ghosh
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Kraus
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesco Forin
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Singer
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klara Höning
- Unit for Clinical Biochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Unit for Clinical Biochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,GeneCenter and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Watzka
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases Bonn, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases Bonn, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin J Czogalla-Nitsche
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Jaschke N, Sipos W, Hofbauer LC, Rachner TD, Rauner M. Skeletal endocrinology: where evolutionary advantage meets disease. Bone Res 2021; 9:28. [PMID: 34050126 PMCID: PMC8163738 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of whole-body homeostasis by the skeleton is mediated by its capacity to secrete endocrine signaling molecules. Although bone-derived hormones confer several adaptive benefits, their physiological functions also involve trade-offs, thus eventually contributing to disease. In this manuscript, we discuss the origins and functions of two of the best-studied skeletal mediators, fibroblast growth factor 23 and osteocalcin, in an evolutionary context. Moreover, we provide a theoretical framework seeking to explain the broad involvement of these two hormones in amniote physiology as well as their potential to fuel the development and progression of diseases. Vice versa, we outline which perturbations might be amenable to manipulation of these systems and discuss limitations and ongoing challenges in skeletal endocrine research. Finally, we summarize unresolved questions and potential future studies in this thriving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Jaschke
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sipos
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Millar SA, Anderson SI, O'sullivan SE. Human vascular cell responses to the circulating bone hormone osteocalcin. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21039-21048. [PMID: 31026070 PMCID: PMC6767466 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the direct effects of uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) on vascular cell biology in vitro, to assess its potential function in pathophysiological conditions such as atherosclerosis. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were treated with ucOCN (0.1-50 ng/ml) and changes in phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, monolayer permeability, and protein secretion were measured. In HAECs, phosphorylated JNK and CREB were decreased with ucOCN (p < 0.05). In HASMCs, phosphorylated p70S6K and NF-ΚB were increased by ucOCN (p < 0.05). Cell proliferation increased in both cell types dose dependently which was blocked by AKT and ERK pathway inhibitors. ucOCN did not affect cell permeability, angiogenesis, or migration. The direct activity of ucOCN on vascular cells is recognized, particularly its proliferative effects. However, at least in physiological settings, it does not appear that osteocalcin may directly promote atherogenesis based on the outcomes measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Millar
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan I Anderson
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse E O'sullivan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Beneficial Effects of Vitamins K and D3 on Redox Balance of Human Osteoblasts Cultured with Hydroxyapatite-Based Biomaterials. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040325. [PMID: 30965604 PMCID: PMC6523281 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials are commonly used in surgery to repair bone damage. However, the introduction of biomaterials into the body can cause metabolic alterations, including redox imbalance. Because vitamins D3 and K (K1, MK-4, MK-7) have pronounced osteoinductive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, it is suggested that they may reduce the adverse effects of biomaterials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamins D3 and K, used alone and in combination, on the redox metabolism of human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19 cell line) cultured in the presence of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials (Maxgraft, Cerabone, Apatos, and Gen-Os). Culturing of the osteoblasts in the presence of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials resulted in oxidative stress manifested by increased production of reactive oxygen species and decrease of glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity. Such redox imbalance leads to lipid peroxidation manifested by an increase of 4-hydroxynonenal level, which is known to influence the growth of bone cells. Vitamins D3 and K were shown to help maintain redox balance and prevent lipid peroxidation in osteoblasts cultured with hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials. The strongest effect was observed for the combination of vitamin D3 and MK-7. Moreover, vitamins promoted growth of the osteoblasts, manifested by increased DNA biosynthesis. Therefore, it is suggested that the use of vitamins D3 and K may protect redox balance and support the growth of osteoblasts affected by hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials.
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Maser RE, Lenhard MJ, Pohlig RT, Balagopal PB, Abdel-Misih R. Effect of parathyroidectomy on osteopontin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocr Res 2018; 43:21-28. [PMID: 28937873 PMCID: PMC6082020 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2017.1369432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) improves bone metabolism. Osteocalcin (OC) and its undercarboxylated form (ucOC) are associated with bone and energy metabolism. Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein expressed in bone, is involved in resorption, along with β-carboxyl-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Our aim was to investigate these biomarkers of bone metabolism in patients with PHPT. METHODS We examined 30 individuals with PHPT, in a clinical research facility, before and 1 month following parathyroidectomy. Circulating levels of OC, ucOC, OPN, β-CTX, and OPG were examined as bone biomarkers along with inflammatory markers (e.g., interleukin-6 [IL-6], lipocalin-2), insulin resistance (i.e., homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), adiposity (i.e., leptin, adiponectin), PTH, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, creatinine, and demographics. RESULTS Participants (27 females/3 males) were 60 ± 9 (mean±SD) years old. There was a significant reduction of ucOC (7.9 ± 5.1 [median±SIQR] vs. 6.6 ± 3.7 ng/mL, p = 0.022) and OPN (75.4 ± 14.5 vs. 54.5 ± 9.2 ng/mL, p < 0.001) pre- versus post-parathyroidectomy. There were no univariate differences postoperatively for IL-6, HOMA-IR, leptin, or adiponectin. Regression analysis showed that postoperative levels of adiponectin, IL-6, and OPN were significantly associated with ucOC, while adjusting for PTH and albumin corrected calcium levels (model R2 = 0.610, p = 0.001). With OPN as the dependent variable, higher adiponectin and lower ucOC were significantly associated with lower OPN levels postoperatively (model R2 = 0.505, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION The lower 1-month postoperative OPN and ucOC levels in PHPT seem to indicate reduced bone resorption. Decreased ucOC levels may also suggest lower energy demands postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raelene E. Maser
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - M. James Lenhard
- Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Center, Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Ryan T. Pohlig
- Biostatistics Core Facility, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - P. Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Research & Analysis Laboratory, Nemours Children’s Specialty Care & Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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