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Smack C, Johnson B, Nyalwidhe JO, Semmes OJ, Yang L. Small extracellular vesicles: Roles and clinical application in prostate cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 161:119-190. [PMID: 39032949 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a significant health problem in the United States. It is remarkably heterogenous, ranging from slow growing disease amenable to active surveillance to highly aggressive forms requiring active treatments. Therefore, being able to precisely determine the nature of disease and appropriately match patients to available and/or novel therapeutics is crucial to improve patients' overall outcome and quality of life. Recently small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a subset of nanoscale membranous vesicles secreted by various cells, have emerged as important analytes for liquid biopsy and promising vehicles for drug delivery. sEVs contain various biomolecules such as genetic material, proteins, and lipids that recapitulate the characteristics and state of their donor cells. The application of existing and newly developed technologies has resulted in an increased depth of knowledge about biophysical structures, biogenesis, and functions of sEVs. In prostate cancer patients, tumor-derived sEVs can be isolated from biofluids, commonly urine and blood. They mediate intercellular signaling within the tumor microenvironment and distal organ-specific sites, supporting cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. A mounting body of evidence suggests that sEV components can be potent biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of disease progression and treatment response. Due to enhanced circulation stability and bio-barrier permeability, sEVs can be also used as effective drug delivery carriers to improve the efficacy and specificity of anti-tumor therapies. This review discusses recent studies on sEVs in prostate cancer and is focused on their role as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles in the clinical management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Smack
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin Johnson
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Julius O Nyalwidhe
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - O John Semmes
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Lifang Yang
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.
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2
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Mackay S, Oduor IO, Burch TC, Troyer DA, Semmes OJ, Nyalwidhe JO. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) glycoforms in prostate cancer patients seminal plasma. Prostate 2024; 84:479-490. [PMID: 38151791 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved theranostic target for prostate cancer (PCa). Although PSMA is known to be glycosylated, the composition and functional roles of its N-linked glycoforms have not been fully characterized. METHODS PSMA was isolated from pooled seminal plasma from low-risk grade Groups 1 and 2 PCa patients. Intact glycopeptides were analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify site-specific glycoforms. RESULTS We observed a rich distribution of PSMA glycoforms in seminal plasma from low and low-intermediate-risk PCa patients. Some interesting generalities can be drawn based on the predicted topology of PSMA on the plasma membrane. The glycoforms at ASN-459, ASN-476, and ASN-638 residues that are located at the basal domain facing the plasma membrane in cells, are predominantly high mannose glycans. ASN-76 which is located in the interdomain region adjacent to the apical domain of the protein shows a mixture of high mannose glycans and complex glycans, whereas ASN-121, ASN-195 and ASN-336 that are located and are exposed at the apical domain of the protein predominantly possess complex sialylated and fucosylated N-linked glycans. These highly accessible glycosites display the greatest diversity in isoforms across the patient samples. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel qualitative insights into PSMA glycoforms that are present in the seminal fluid of PCa patients. The presence of a rich diversity of glycoforms in seminal plasma provides untapped potential for glycoprotein biomarker discovery and as a clinical sample for noninvasive diagnostics of male urological disorders and diseases including PCa. Specifically, our glycomics approach will be critical in uncovering PSMA glycoforms with utility in staging and risk stratification of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mackay
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian O Oduor
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of the Kings Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Tanya C Burch
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Dean A Troyer
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Oliver J Semmes
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Julius O Nyalwidhe
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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3
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Bartkowiak K, Mossahebi Mohammadi P, Gärtner S, Kwiatkowski M, Andreas A, Geffken M, Peine S, Verpoort K, Scholz U, Deutsch TM, Michel LL, Schneeweiss A, Thewes V, Trumpp A, Müller V, Riethdorf S, Schlüter H, Pantel K. Detection and Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells from Breast Cancer Patients Using CUB Domain-Containing Protein 1. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1213-1230. [PMID: 36926972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
In cancer metastasis, single circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow mediate cancer metastasis. Because suitable biomarker proteins are lacking, CTCs and DTCs with mesenchymal attributes are difficult to isolate from the bulk of normal blood cells. To establish a procedure allowing the isolation of such cells, we analyzed the cell line BC-M1 established from DTCs in the bone marrow of a breast cancer patient by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry. We found high levels of the transmembrane protein CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) in breast cancer cell lines with mesenchymal attributes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were virtually negative for CDCP1. Confirmation in vivo by CellSearch revealed CDCP1-positive CTCs in 8 of 30 analyzed breast cancer patients. Only EpCam-positive CTCs were enriched by CellSearch. Using the extracellular domain of CDCP1, we established a magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) approach enabling also the enrichment of EpCam-negative CTCs. Thus, our approach is particularly suited for the isolation of mesenchymal CTCs with downregulated epithelial cancer that occur, for example, in triple-negative breast cancer patients who are prone to therapy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bartkowiak
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Parinaz Mossahebi Mohammadi
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gärtner
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antje Andreas
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Geffken
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Verpoort
- Practice for Haematology and Oncology, Hohe Weide 17b, 20295 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Scholz
- Gynecological Oncology, Asklepios Klinik Hamburg-Barmbek, Rübenkamp 220, 22307 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Deutsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura L Michel
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Thewes
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Mackay S, Hitefield NL, Oduor IO, Roberts AB, Burch TC, Lance RS, Cunningham TD, Troyer DA, Semmes OJ, Nyalwidhe JO. Site-Specific Intact N-Linked Glycopeptide Characterization of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen from Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29714-29727. [PMID: 36061737 PMCID: PMC9435049 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The composition of N-linked glycans that are conjugated to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and their functional significance in prostate cancer progression have not been fully characterized. PSMA was isolated from two metastatic prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and MDAPCa2b, which have different tissue tropism and localization. Isolated PSMA was trypsin-digested, and intact glycopeptides were subjected to LC-HCD-EThcD-MS/MS analysis on a Tribrid Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer. Differential qualitative and quantitative analysis of site-specific N-glycopeptides was performed using Byonic and Byologic software. Comparative quantitative analysis demonstrates that multiple glycopeptides at asparagine residues 51, 76, 121, 195, 336, 459, 476, and 638 were in significantly different abundance in the two cell lines (p < 0.05). Biochemical analysis using endoglycosidase treatment and lectin capture confirm the MS and site occupancy data. The data demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy for comprehensive analysis of PSMA glycopeptides. This approach will form the basis of ongoing experiments to identify site-specific glycan changes in PSMA isolated from disease-stratified clinical samples to uncover targets that may be associated with disease progression and metastatic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mackay
- Leroy
T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern
Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
- University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Naomi L. Hitefield
- Leroy
T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern
Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
- University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
| | - Ian O. Oduor
- Leroy
T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern
Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
| | - Autumn B. Roberts
- Leroy
T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern
Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
| | - Tanya C. Burch
- Leroy
T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern
Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
| | - Raymond S. Lance
- Leroy
T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern
Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
- Spokane
Urology, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Tina D. Cunningham
- School of
Health Professions, Eastern Virginia Medical
School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
| | - Dean A. Troyer
- Leroy
T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern
Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
| | - Oliver J. Semmes
- Leroy
T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern
Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
| | - Julius O. Nyalwidhe
- Leroy
T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern
Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
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Zhao N, Chopra S, Trepka K, Wang YH, Sakhamuri S, Hooshdaran N, Kim H, Zhuo J, Lim SA, Leung KK, Egusa EA, Zhu J, Zhang L, Foye A, Sriram R, Chan E, Seo Y, Feng FY, Small EJ, Chou J, Wells JA, Aggarwal R, Evans MJ. CUB Domain-Containing Protein 1 (CDCP1) Is a Target for Radioligand Therapy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, including PSMA Null Disease. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3066-3075. [PMID: 35604681 PMCID: PMC9288514 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the improvement in overall survival with 177Lu-PSMA 617, radioligand therapy (RLT) is now a viable option for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, responses are variable, in part due to low PSMA expression in 30% of patients. Herein, we evaluated whether the cell surface protein CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) can be exploited to treat mCRPC with RLT, including in PSMA-low subsets. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CDCP1 levels were evaluated using RNA sequencing from 119 mCRPC biopsies. CDCP1 levels were assessed in 17 post-enzalutamide- or abiraterone-treated mCRPC biopsies, 12 patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and prostate cancer cell lines. 4A06, a recombinant human antibody that targets the CDCP1 ectodomain, was labeled with Zr-89 or Lu-177 and tested in tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS CDCP1 expression was observed in 90% of mCRPC biopsies, including small-cell neuroendocrine (SCNC) and adenocarcinomas with low FOLH1 (PSMA) levels. Fifteen of 17 evaluable mCRPC biopsies (85%) demonstrated membranous CDCP1 expression, and 4 of 17 (23%) had higher CDCP1 H-scores compared with PSMA. CDCP1 was expressed in 10 of 12 PDX samples. Bmax values of approximately 22,000, 6,200, and 2,800 fmol/mg were calculated for PC3, DU145, and C4-2B human prostate cancer cells, respectively. 89Zr-4A06 PET detected six human prostate cancer xenografts, including PSMA-low tumors. 177Lu-4A06 significantly suppressed growth of DU145 and C4-2B xenografts. CONCLUSIONS The data provide the first evidence supporting CDCP1-directed RLT to treat mCRPC. Expanded studies are warranted to determine whether CDCP1 is a viable drug target for patients with mCPRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Shalini Chopra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kai Trepka
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Yung-hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Sasank Sakhamuri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Nima Hooshdaran
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jie Zhuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Shion A. Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kevin K. Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Emily A. Egusa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Adam Foye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Eric J. Small
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jonathan Chou
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - James A. Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Michael J. Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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6
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CDCP1: A promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancer. Life Sci 2022; 301:120600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Correll VL, Otto JJ, Risi CM, Main BP, Boutros PC, Kislinger T, Galkin VE, Nyalwidhe JO, Semmes OJ, Yang L. Optimization of small extracellular vesicle isolation from expressed prostatic secretions in urine for in-depth proteomic analysis. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12184. [PMID: 35119778 PMCID: PMC8815402 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation and subsequent molecular analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from patient samples is a widely used strategy to understand vesicle biology and to facilitate biomarker discovery. Expressed prostatic secretions in urine are a tumor proximal fluid that has received significant attention as a source of potential prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers for use in liquid biopsy protocols. Standard EV isolation methods like differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) co-isolate protein contaminants that mask lower-abundance proteins in typical mass spectrometry (MS) protocols. Further complicating the analysis of expressed prostatic secretions, uromodulin, also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), is present at high concentrations in urine. THP can form polymers that entrap EVs during purification, reducing yield. Disruption of THP polymer networks with dithiothreitol (DTT) can release trapped EVs, but smaller THP fibres co-isolate with EVs during subsequent ultracentrifugation. To resolve these challenges, we describe here a dUC method that incorporates THP polymer reduction and alkaline washing to improve EV isolation and deplete both THP and other common protein contaminants. When applied to human expressed prostatic secretions in urine, we achieved relative enrichment of known prostate and prostate cancer-associated EV-resident proteins. Our approach provides a promising strategy for global proteomic analyses of urinary EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L. Correll
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Joseph J. Otto
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Cristina M. Risi
- Department of Physiological SciencesEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Brian P. Main
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Precision HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Vitold E. Galkin
- Department of Physiological SciencesEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Julius O. Nyalwidhe
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - O. John Semmes
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Lifang Yang
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
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8
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Khan T, Kryza T, Lyons NJ, He Y, Hooper JD. The CDCP1 Signaling Hub: A Target for Cancer Detection and Therapeutic Intervention. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2259-2269. [PMID: 33509939 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is upregulated in malignancies of the breast, lung, colorectum, ovary, kidney, liver, pancreas, and hematopoietic system. Here, we discuss CDCP1 as an important hub for oncogenic signaling and its key roles in malignant transformation and summarize approaches focused on exploiting it for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Elevated levels of CDCP1 are associated with progressive disease and markedly poorer survival. Predominantly located on the cell surface, CDCP1 lies at the nexus of key tumorigenic and metastatic signaling cascades, including the SRC/PKCδ, PI3K/AKT, WNT, and RAS/ERK axes, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid oxidation, making important functional contributions to cancer cell survival and growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance. These findings have stimulated the development of agents that target CDCP1 for detection and treatment of a range of cancers, and results from preclinical models suggest that these approaches could be efficacious and have manageable toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashbib Khan
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Lyons
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yaowu He
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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9
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Alajati A, D'Ambrosio M, Troiani M, Mosole S, Pellegrini L, Chen J, Revandkar A, Bolis M, Theurillat JP, Guccini I, Losa M, Calcinotto A, De Bernardis G, Pasquini E, D'Antuono R, Sharp A, Figueiredo I, Nava Rodrigues D, Welti J, Gil V, Yuan W, Vlajnic T, Bubendorf L, Chiorino G, Gnetti L, Torrano V, Carracedo A, Camplese L, Hirabayashi S, Canato E, Pasut G, Montopoli M, Rüschoff JH, Wild P, Moch H, De Bono J, Alimonti A. CDCP1 overexpression drives prostate cancer progression and can be targeted in vivo. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2435-2450. [PMID: 32250342 DOI: 10.1172/jci131133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which prostate cancer shifts from an indolent castration-sensitive phenotype to lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are poorly understood. Identification of clinically relevant genetic alterations leading to CRPC may reveal potential vulnerabilities for cancer therapy. Here we find that CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1), a transmembrane protein that acts as a substrate for SRC family kinases (SFKs), is overexpressed in a subset of CRPC. Notably, CDCP1 cooperates with the loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN to promote the emergence of metastatic prostate cancer. Mechanistically, we find that androgens suppress CDCP1 expression and that androgen deprivation in combination with loss of PTEN promotes the upregulation of CDCP1 and the subsequent activation of the SRC/MAPK pathway. Moreover, we demonstrate that anti-CDCP1 immunoliposomes (anti-CDCP1 ILs) loaded with chemotherapy suppress prostate cancer growth when administered in combination with enzalutamide. Thus, our study identifies CDCP1 as a powerful driver of prostate cancer progression and uncovers different potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metastatic prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alajati
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mariantonietta D'Ambrosio
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Troiani
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Simone Mosole
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ajinkya Revandkar
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bolis
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Theurillat
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Guccini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Losa
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Calcinotto
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gaston De Bernardis
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Pasquini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Rocco D'Antuono
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Adam Sharp
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Figueiredo
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Nava Rodrigues
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Welti
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Gil
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Yuan
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Letizia Gnetti
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Verónica Torrano
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Ikerbasque: Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Camplese
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susumu Hirabayashi
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Canato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jan Hendrik Rüschoff
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wild
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johann De Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Patent highlights August-September 2020. Pharm Pat Anal 2021; 10:1-7. [PMID: 33441018 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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11
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Geng F, Lu GF, Luo YJ, Dominguez S, Kong DY, Shen LH, Luo XM, Yang X, Hu M, Lai WS, Jiang ZS, Chen YS. The emerging role of the MiR-1272-ADAM9-CDCP1 signaling pathway in the progression of glioma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:894-909. [PMID: 33260155 PMCID: PMC7835014 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is a primary, malignant, and aggressive brain tumor in adults. To develop new therapeutic strategies for glioma, we must determine its underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of miR-1272-ADAM9-CDCP1 signaling in the progression of glioma. We found that ectopic expression of miR-1272 produced significant inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration and was associated with cell cycle G0/G1 arrest in A172 and SHG44 glioma cells. Using the luciferase reporter assay, we identified ADAM9 as a target of miR-1272. The expression of ADAM9 was markedly decreased or increased after overexpression or inhibition, respectively, of miR-1272 in glioma cells. Moreover, overexpression of ADAM9 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-1272 on glioma cell progression. Furthermore, CDCP1 served as a potential downstream molecule of miR-1272/ADAM9 signaling in glioma and promoted the proliferation and migration of glioma. Results derived from clinical samples and online databases confirmed correlations between the expression of ADAM9 and CDCP1 and both the severity and prognosis of glioma. In conclusion, these results suggest that miR-1272 and CDCP1 may act as novel regulators in glioma. The miR-1272/ADAM9/CDCP1 pathway may serve as a potential candidate pathway for the prevention of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Geng
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Gui-Feng Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yu-Jun Luo
- Rehabilitation Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Sky Dominguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 606011, USA
| | - De-Ying Kong
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lian-Hua Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Luo
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wen-Shan Lai
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhi-Shui Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuan-Shou Chen
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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12
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Xu N, Wu YP, Yin HB, Chen SH, Li XD, Xue XY, Gou X. SHCBP1 promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and is associated with poor prostate cancer prognosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1953-1969. [PMID: 32447485 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer (PCa) is an aggressive tumor. SHC SH2-domain-binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) has been identified frequently upregulated in various cancers, in addition to PCa. The aims of this study were to determine the relationships between SHCBP1 and clinicopathological characteristics of PCa and to explore the role of SHCBP1 in PCa proliferation and progression. METHODS Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the prognostic significance of SHCBP1. The relationship between clinicopathological characteristics of PCa and SHCBP1 was then analyzed using Cox regression analyses. To investigate SHCBP1 functions in vitro and in vivo, we knocked down SHCBP1 in PCa cell lines and established xenograft mice models. A series of cytological function assays were utilized to determine the role of SHCBP1 in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. RESULTS SHCBP1 was significantly upregulated in PCa tissues compared with BPH tissues. Patients with a higher expression of SHCBP1 were associated with poor survival outcomes than those with a lower expression of SHCBP1. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA knockdown of SHCBP1 in prostate cancer cell lines diminished cell growth, migration, and invasion dramatically both in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by an enhanced expression of large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1) and tumor protein P53 (TP53) and inhibition of MDM2 proto-oncogene (MDM2), which suggested that SHCBP1 may promote proliferation and invasion in vitro via the LATS1-MDM2-TP53 pathway. The results of cycloheximide (CHX) and MG-132 assays indicated that SHCBP1 knockdown could attenuate the degradation of TP53 by the proteasome, prolong the half-life of TP53, and enhance the stabilization of TP53. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SHCBP1 overexpression contributes to PCa progression and that targeting SHCBP1 might be therapeutically beneficial to patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yu-Peng Wu
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Hu-Bin Yin
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shao-Hao Chen
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xue-Yi Xue
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xin Gou
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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13
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Forte L, Turdo F, Ghirelli C, Aiello P, Casalini P, Iorio MV, D'Ippolito E, Gasparini P, Agresti R, Belmonte B, Sozzi G, Sfondrini L, Tagliabue E, Campiglio M, Bianchi F. The PDGFRβ/ERK1/2 pathway regulates CDCP1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:586. [PMID: 29792166 PMCID: PMC5967041 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CDCP1, a transmembrane protein with tumor pro-metastatic activity, was recently identified as a prognostic marker in TNBC, the most aggressive breast cancer subtype still lacking an effective molecular targeted therapy. The mechanisms driving CDCP1 over-expression are not fully understood, although several stimuli derived from tumor microenvironment, such as factors present in Wound Healing Fluids (WHFs), reportedly increase CDCP1 levels. Methods The expression of CDCP1, PDGFRβ and ERK1/2cell was tested by Western blot after stimulation of MDA-MB-231 cells with PDGF-BB and, similarly, in presence or not of ERK1/2 inhibitor in a panel of TNBC cell lines. Knock-down of PDGFRβ was established in MDA-MB-231 cells to detect CDCP1 upon WHF treatment. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of CDCP1 and PDGFRβ in TNBC clinical samples. Results We discovered that PDGF-BB-mediated activation of PDGFRβ increases CDCP1 protein expression through the downstream activation of ERK1/2. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activity reduced per se CDCP1 expression, evidence strengthening its role in CDCP1 expression regulation. Knock-down of PDGFRβ in TNBC cells impaired CDCP1 increase induced by WHF treatment, highlighting the role if this receptor as a central player of the WHF-mediated CDCP1 induction. A significant association between CDCP1 and PDGFRβ immunohistochemical staining was observed in TNBC specimens, independently of CDCP1 gene gain, thus corroborating the relevance of the PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ axis in the modulation of CDCP1 expression. Conclusion We have identified PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ–mediated pathway as a novel player in the regulation of CDCP1 in TNCBs through ERK1/2 activation. Our results provide the basis for the potential use of PDGFRβ and ERK1/2 inhibitors in targeting the aggressive features of CDCP1-positive TNBCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4500-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Forte
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Turdo
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Ghirelli
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Piera Aiello
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casalini
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elvira D'Ippolito
- Start Up Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gasparini
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Agresti
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Breast Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Manuela Campiglio
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
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14
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Regulation of inside-out β1-integrin activation by CDCP1. Oncogene 2018; 37:2817-2836. [PMID: 29511352 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis depends on the dynamic regulation of cell adhesion through β1-integrin. The Cub-Domain Containing Protein-1, CDCP1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein which regulates cell adhesion. Overexpression and loss of CDCP1 have been observed in the same cancer types to promote metastatic progression. Here, we demonstrate reduced CDCP1 expression in high-grade, primary prostate cancers, circulating tumor cells and tumor metastases of patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer. CDCP1 is expressed in epithelial and not mesenchymal cells, and its cell surface and mRNA expression declines upon stimulation with TGFβ1 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Silencing of CDCP1 in DU145 and PC3 cells resulted in 3.4-fold higher proliferation of non-adherent cells and 4.4-fold greater anchorage independent growth. CDCP1-silenced tumors grew in 100% of mice, compared to 30% growth of CDCP1-expressing tumors. After CDCP1 silencing, cell adhesion and migration diminished 2.1-fold, caused by loss of inside-out activation of β1-integrin. We determined that the loss of CDCP1 reduces CDK5 kinase activity due to the phosphorylation of its regulatory subunit, CDK5R1/p35, by c-SRC on Y234. This generates a binding site for the C2 domain of PKCδ, which in turn phosphorylates CDK5 on T77. The resulting dissociation of the CDK5R1/CDK5 complex abolishes the activity of CDK5. Mutations of CDK5-T77 and CDK5R1-Y234 phosphorylation sites re-establish the CDK5/CDKR1 complex and the inside-out activity of β1-integrin. Altogether, we discovered a new mechanism of regulation of CDK5 through loss of CDCP1, which dynamically regulates β1-integrin in non-adherent cells and which may promote vascular dissemination in patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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15
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Zainfeld D, Goldkorn A. Liquid Biopsy in Prostate Cancer: Circulating Tumor Cells and Beyond. Cancer Treat Res 2018; 175:87-104. [PMID: 30168118 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93339-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy impacting countless men without curative options in the advanced state. Numerous therapies have been introduced in recent years improving survival and symptom control, yet optimal methods for predicting or monitoring response have not been developed. In the era of precision medicine, characterization of individual cancers is necessary to inform treatment decisions. Liquid biopsies, through evaluation of various blood-based analytes, provide a method of patient evaluation with potential applications in virtually all disease states. In this review, we will describe current approaches with a particular focus on demonstrated clinical utility in the evaluation and management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zainfeld
- USC Keck/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amir Goldkorn
- USC Keck/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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16
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Extracellular vesicles for liquid biopsy in prostate cancer: where are we and where are we headed? Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:251-258. [PMID: 28374743 PMCID: PMC5569339 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous class of lipid bound particles shed by any cell in the body in physiological and pathological conditions. EVs play critical functions in intercellular communication. EVs can actively travel in intercellular matrices and eventually reach the circulation. They can also be released directly in biological fluids where they appear to be stable. Because the molecular content of EVs reflects the composition of the cell of origin, they have recently emerged as a promising source of biomarkers in a number of diseases. EV analysis is particularly attractive in cancer patients that frequently present with increased numbers of circulating EVs. Methods: We sought to review the current literature on the molecular profile of prostate cancer-derived EVs in model systems and patient biological fluids in an attempt to draw some practical and universal conclusions on the use of EVs as a tool for liquid biopsy in clinical specimens. Results: We discuss advantages and limitations of EV-based liquid biopsy approaches summarizing salient studies on protein, DNA and RNA. Several candidate biomarkers have been identified so far but these results are difficult to apply to the clinic. However, the field is rapidly moving toward the implementation of novel tools to isolate cancer-specific EVs that are free of benign EVs and extra-vesicular contaminants. This can be achieved by identifying markers that are exquisitely present in tumor cell-derived EVs. An important contribution might also derive from a better understanding of EV types that may play specific functions in tumor progression and that may be a source of cancer-specific markers. Conclusions: EV analysis holds strong promises for the development of non-invasive biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer. Implementation of modern methods for EV isolation and characterization will enable to interrogate circulating EVs in vivo.
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17
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Francis MP, Breathwaite E, Bulysheva AA, Varghese F, Rodriguez RU, Dutta S, Semenov I, Ogle R, Huber A, Tichy AM, Chen S, Zemlin C. Human placenta hydrogel reduces scarring in a rat model of cardiac ischemia and enhances cardiomyocyte and stem cell cultures. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:92-104. [PMID: 27965171 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels have shown promise in remediating cardiac ischemia damage in animal models, yet analogous human ECM hydrogels have not been well development. An original human placenta-derived hydrogel (hpECM) preparation was thus generated for assessment in cardiomyocyte cell culture and therapeutic cardiac injection applications. METHODS AND RESULTS Hybrid orbitrap-quadrupole mass spectrometry and ELISAs showed hpECM to be rich in collagens, basement membrane proteins, and regenerative growth factors (e.g. VEGF-B, HGF). Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes synchronized and electrically coupled on hpECM faster than on conventional cell culture environments, as validated by intracellular calcium measurements. In vivo, injections using biotin-labeled hpECM confirmed its spatially discrete localization to the myocardium proximal to the injection site. hpECM was injected into rat myocardium following an acute myocardium infarction induced by left anterior descending artery ligation. Compared to sham treated animals, which exhibited aberrant electrical activity and larger myocardial scars, hpECM injected rat hearts showed a significant reduction in scar volume along with normal electrical activity of the surviving tissue, as determined by optical mapping. CONCLUSION Placental matrix and growth factors can be extracted as a hydrogel that effectively supports cardiomyocytes in vitro, and in vivo reduces scar formation while maintaining electrophysiological activity when injected into ischemic myocardium. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of an original extracellular matrix hydrogel preparation isolated from human placentas (hpECM). hpECM is rich in collagens, laminin, fibronectin, glycoproteins, and growth factors, including known pro-regenerative, pro-angiogenic, anti-scarring, anti-inflammatory, and stem cell-recruiting factors. hpECM supports the culture of cardiomyocytes, stem cells and blood vessels assembly from endothelial cells. In a rat model of myocardial infarction, hpECM injections were safely deliverable to the ischemic myocardium. hpECM injections repaired the myocardium, resulting in a significant reduction in infarct size, more viable myocardium, and a normal electrophysiological contraction profile. hpECM thus has potential in therapeutic cardiovascular applications, in cellular therapies (as a delivery vehicle), and is a promising biomaterial for advancing basic cell-based research and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Francis
- LifeNet Health Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Beach, VA, United States; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.
| | - Erick Breathwaite
- LifeNet Health Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Beach, VA, United States.
| | - Anna A Bulysheva
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.
| | - Frency Varghese
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.
| | - Rudy U Rodriguez
- LifeNet Health Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Beach, VA, United States.
| | - Sucharita Dutta
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.
| | - Iurii Semenov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca Ogle
- LifeNet Health Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Beach, VA, United States.
| | - Alexander Huber
- LifeNet Health Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Beach, VA, United States.
| | | | - Silvia Chen
- LifeNet Health Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Beach, VA, United States
| | - Christian Zemlin
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.
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18
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Chen Y, Harrington BS, Lau KCN, Burke LJ, He Y, Iconomou M, Palmer JS, Meade B, Lumley JW, Hooper JD. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of CDCP1 shed from the cell surface and present in colorectal cancer serum specimens. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 139:65-72. [PMID: 28279929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CUB domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a transmembrane protein involved in progression of several cancers. When located on the plasma membrane, full-length 135kDa CDCP1 can undergo proteolysis mediated by serine proteases that cleave after two adjacent amino acids (arginine 368 and lysine 369). This releases from the cell surface two 65kDa fragments, collectively termed ShE-CDCP1, that differ by one carboxyl terminal residue. To evaluate the function of CDCP1 and its potential utility as a cancer biomarker, in this study we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to reliably and easily measure the concentration of ShE-CDCP1 in biological samples. Using a reference standard we demonstrate that the developed ELISA has a working range of 0.68-26.5ng/ml, and the limit of detection is 0.25ng/ml. It displays high intra-assay (repeatability) and high inter-assay (reproducibility) precision with all coefficients of variation ≤7%. The ELISA also displays high accuracy detecting ShE-CDCP1 levels at ≥94.8% of actual concentration using quality control samples. We employed the ELISA to measure the concentration of ShE-CDCP1 in human serum samples with our results suggesting that levels are significantly higher in serum of colorectal cancer patients compared with serum from individuals with benign conditions (p<0.05). Our data also suggest that colorectal cancer patients with stage II-IV disease have at least 50% higher serum levels of ShE-CDCP1 compared with stage I cases (p<0.05). We conclude that the developed ELISA is a suitable method to quantify ShE-CDCP1 concentration in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Brittney S Harrington
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Kevin C N Lau
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Lez J Burke
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Yaowu He
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Mary Iconomou
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia
| | - James S Palmer
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Brian Meade
- Colorectal Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba Qld 4102, Australia
| | | | - John D Hooper
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia.
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