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Corbella E, Fara C, Covarelli F, Porreca V, Palmisano B, Mignogna G, Corsi A, Riminucci M, Maras B, Mancone C. THBS1 and THBS2 Enhance the In Vitro Proliferation, Adhesion, Migration and Invasion of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1782. [PMID: 38339060 PMCID: PMC10855656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) and 2 (THBS2) are soluble mediators released in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that contribute to the metastatic spreading of iCCA cells via a lymphatic network by the trans-differentiation of vascular endothelial cells to a lymphatic-like phenotype. To study the direct role of THBS1 and THBS2 on the iCCA cells, well-established epithelial (HuCCT-1) and mesenchymal (CCLP1) iCCA cell lines were subjected to recombinant human THBS1 and THBS2 (rhTHBS1, rhTHBS2) for cellular function assays. Cell growth, cell adhesion, migration, and invasion were all enhanced in both CCLP1 and HuCCT-1 cells by the treatment with either rhTHBS1 or rhTHBS2, although they showed some variability in their intensity of speeding up cellular processes. rhTHBS2 was more intense in inducing invasiveness and in committing the HuCCT-1 cells to a mesenchymal-like phenotype and was therefore a stronger enhancer of the malignant behavior of iCCA cells compared to rhTHBS1. Our data extend the role of THBS1 and THBS2, which are not only able to hinder the vascular network and promote tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis but also exacerbate the malignant behavior of the iCCA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Corbella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (C.F.); (F.C.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Claudia Fara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (C.F.); (F.C.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesca Covarelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (C.F.); (F.C.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Veronica Porreca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (C.F.); (F.C.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Mignogna
- Department of Biochemistry Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 332, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (C.F.); (F.C.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (C.F.); (F.C.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Bruno Maras
- Department of Biochemistry Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 332, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Carmine Mancone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (C.F.); (F.C.); (V.P.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
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Piekuś-Słomka N, Mocan LP, Shkreli R, Grapă C, Denkiewicz K, Wesolowska O, Kornek M, Spârchez Z, Słomka A, Crăciun R, Mocan T. Don't Judge a Book by Its Cover: The Role of Statins in Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5100. [PMID: 37894467 PMCID: PMC10605163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins, which are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, are an effective pharmacological tool for lowering blood cholesterol levels. This property makes statins one of the most popular drugs used primarily to prevent cardiovascular diseases, where hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor that increases mortality. Nevertheless, studies conducted mainly in the last decade have shown that statins might prevent and treat liver cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. This narrative review summarizes the scientific achievements to date regarding the role of statins in liver tumors. Molecular biology tools have revealed that cell growth and proliferation can be inhibited by statins, which further inhibit angiogenesis. Clinical studies, supported by meta-analysis, confirm that statins are highly effective in preventing and treating hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. However, this effect may depend on the statin's type and dose, and more clinical trials are required to evaluate clinical effects. Moreover, their potential hepatotoxicity is a significant caveat for using statins in clinical practice. Nevertheless, this group of drugs, initially developed to prevent cardiovascular diseases, is now a key candidate in hepato-oncology patient management. The description of new drug-statin-like structures, e.g., with low toxicity to liver cells, may bring another clinically significant improvement to current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Piekuś-Słomka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Lavinia Patricia Mocan
- Department of Histology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Rezarta Shkreli
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aldent University, 1001-1028 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Cristiana Grapă
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Kinga Denkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.D.); (O.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Oliwia Wesolowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.D.); (O.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Miroslaw Kornek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Zeno Spârchez
- 3rd Medical Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Artur Słomka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.D.); (O.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Rareș Crăciun
- 3rd Medical Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Octavian Fodor” Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Mocan
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Octavian Fodor” Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- UBBMed Department, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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3
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Law J, Orbach SM, Weston BR, Steele PA, Rajagopalan P, Murali TM. Computational Construction of Toxicant Signaling Networks. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1267-1277. [PMID: 37471124 PMCID: PMC10445288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Humans and animals are regularly exposed to compounds that may have adverse effects on health. The Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) program was developed to use high throughput screening assays to quickly screen chemicals by measuring their effects on many biological end points. Many of these assays test for effects on cellular receptors and transcription factors (TFs), under the assumption that a toxicant may perturb normal signaling pathways in the cell. We hypothesized that we could reconstruct the intermediate proteins in these pathways that may be directly or indirectly affected by the toxicant, potentially revealing important physiological processes not yet tested for many chemicals. We integrate data from ToxCast with a human protein interactome to build toxicant signaling networks that contain physical and signaling protein interactions that may be affected as a result of toxicant exposure. To build these networks, we developed the EdgeLinker algorithm, which efficiently finds short paths in the interactome that connect the receptors to TFs for each toxicant. We performed multiple evaluations and found evidence suggesting that these signaling networks capture biologically relevant effects of toxicants. To aid in dissemination and interpretation, interactive visualizations of these networks are available at http://graphspace.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey
N. Law
- Interdisciplinary
Ph.D. Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Sophia M. Orbach
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Bronson R. Weston
- Interdisciplinary
Ph.D. Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Peter A. Steele
- Department
of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Padmavathy Rajagopalan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - T. M. Murali
- Department
of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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4
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Lian Y, Zeng S, Wen S, Zhao X, Fang C, Zeng N. Review and Application of Integrin Alpha v Beta 6 in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231189399. [PMID: 37525872 PMCID: PMC10395192 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231189399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin Alpha v Beta 6 is expressed primarily in solid epithelial tumors, such as cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. It has been considered a potential and promising molecular marker for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma share genetic, histological, and pathophysiological similarities due to the shared embryonic origin of the bile duct and pancreas. These cancers share numerous clinicopathological characteristics, including growth pattern, poor response to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and poor prognosis. This review focuses on the role of integrin Alpha v Beta 6 in cancer progression. It addition, it reviews how the marker can be used in molecular imaging and therapeutic targets. We propose further research explorations and questions that need to be addressed. We conclude that integrin Alpha v Beta 6 may serve as a potential biomarker for cancer disease progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Lian
- Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Silue Zeng
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Technology Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai Wen
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Technology Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyang Zhao
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Technology Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chihua Fang
- Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Technology Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zeng
- Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Technology Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Duwe L, Fouassier L, Lafuente-Barquero J, Andersen JB. Unraveling the actin cytoskeleton in the malignant transformation of cholangiocyte biology. Transl Oncol 2022; 26:101531. [PMID: 36113344 PMCID: PMC9483793 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct actin cytoskeleton organization is vital in the liver organ homeostasis and disease control. Rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton may play a vital role in the bile duct cells cholangiocytes. An abnormal actin network leads to aberrant cell morphology, deregulated signaling networks and ultimately triggering the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and paving the route for cancer cell dissemination (metastasis). In this review, we will outline alterations of the actin cytoskeleton and the potential role of this dynamic network in initiating CCA, as well as regulating the course of this malignancy. Actin rearrangements not only occur because of signaling pathways, but also regulate and modify cellular signaling. This emphasizes the importance of the actin cytoskeleton itself as cause for aberrant signaling and in promoting tumorigenic phenotypes. We will highlight the impact of aberrant signaling networks on the actin cytoskeleton and its rearrangement as potential cause for CCA. Often, these exact mechanisms in CCA are limited understood and still must be elucidated. Indeed, focusing future research on how actin affects and regulates other signaling pathways may provide more insights into the mechanisms of CCA development, progression, and metastasis. Moreover, manipulation of the actin cytoskeleton organization highlights the potential for a novel therapeutic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Duwe
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK2200, Denmark
| | - Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Juan Lafuente-Barquero
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK2200, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK2200, Denmark.
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Xie L, Zhu G, Shang J, Chen X, Zhang C, Ji X, Zhang Q, Wei Y. An overview on the biological activity and anti-cancer mechanism of lovastatin. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110122. [PMID: 34438015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lovastatin, a secondary metabolite isolated from fungi, is often used as a representative drug to reduce blood lipid concentration and treat hypercholesterolemia. Its structure is similar to that of HMG-CoA. Lovastatin inhibits the binding of the substrate to HMG-CoA reductase, and strongly competes with HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), thereby exerting a hypolipidemic effect. Further, its safety has been confirmed in vivo and in vitro. Lovastatin also has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the biological activity of lovastatin, especially its anti-cancer effect, has garnered research attention. Several in vitro studies have confirmed that lovastatin has a significant inhibitory effect on cancer cell viability in a variety of cancers (such as breast, liver, cervical, lung, and colon cancer). At the same time, lovastatin can also increase the sensitivity of some types of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and strengthen their therapeutic effect. Lovastatin inhibits cell proliferation and regulates cancer cell signaling pathways, thereby inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. This article reviews the structure, biosynthetic pathways, and applications of lovastatin, focusing on the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Xie
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Guodong Zhu
- Yunnan Minzu University, Library, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Junjie Shang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chunting Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xiuling Ji
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yunlin Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Weng Y, Lieberthal TJ, Zhou VX, Lopez-Ichikawa M, Armas-Phan M, Bond TK, Yoshida MC, Choi WT, Chang TT. Liver epithelial focal adhesion kinase modulates fibrogenesis and hedgehog signaling. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141217. [PMID: 32910808 PMCID: PMC7605528 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an important mediator of extracellular matrix-integrin mechano-signal transduction that regulates cell motility, survival, and proliferation. As such, FAK is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for malignant and fibrotic diseases, and numerous clinical trials of FAK inhibitors are underway. The function of FAK in nonmalignant, nonmotile epithelial cells is not well understood. We previously showed that hepatocytes demonstrated activated FAK near stiff collagen tracts in fibrotic livers. In this study, we examined the role of liver epithelial FAK by inducing fibrotic liver disease in mice with liver epithelial FAK deficiency. We found that mice that lacked FAK in liver epithelial cells developed more severe liver injury and worse fibrosis as compared with controls. Increased fibrosis in liver epithelial FAK-deficient mice was linked to the activation of several profibrotic pathways, including the hedgehog/smoothened pathway. FAK-deficient hepatocytes produced increased Indian hedgehog in a manner dependent on matrix stiffness. Furthermore, expression of the hedgehog receptor, smoothened, was increased in macrophages and biliary cells of hepatocyte-specific FAK-deficient fibrotic livers. These results indicate that liver epithelial FAK has important regulatory roles in the response to liver injury and progression of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tammy T Chang
- Department of Surgery.,Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Atorvastatin Augments Gemcitabine-Mediated Anti-Cancer Effects by Inhibiting Yes-Associated Protein in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207588. [PMID: 33066548 PMCID: PMC7589854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is associated with high mortality rates because of its resistance to conventional gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) reportedly exert anti-cancer effects in CCA and lower the risk of CCA; however, the underlying mechanism of these effects remains unclear. The proliferative and oncogenic activities of the transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP) are driven by its association with the TEA domain (TEAD) of transcription factors; thereby, upregulating genes that promote cell growth, inhibit apoptosis, and confer chemoresistance. This study investigated the effects of atorvastatin in combination with gemcitabine on the progression of human CCA associated with YAP oncogenic regulation. Both atorvastatin and gemcitabine concentration-dependently suppressed the proliferation of HuCCT-1 and KKU-M213 human CCA cells. Moreover, both agents induced cellular apoptosis by upregulating the pro-apoptotic marker BAX and downregulating the anti-apoptotic markers MCL1 and BCL2. Atorvastatin also significantly decreased the mRNA expression of the TEAD target genes CTGF, CYR61, ANKRD1, and MFAP5 in both CCA cell lines. A xenograft tumor growth assay indicated that atorvastatin and gemcitabine potently repressed human CCA cell-derived subcutaneous tumor growth by inhibiting YAP nuclear translocation and TEAD transcriptional activation. Notably, the anti-cancer effects of the individual agents were significantly enhanced in combination. These results indicate that gemcitabine plus atorvastatin could serve as a potential novel treatment option for CCA.
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Lavu S, Therneau TM, Harmsen WS, Mara KC, Wongjarupong N, Hassan M, Ali HA, Antwi S, Giama NH, Miyabe K, Roberts LR. Effect of Statins on the Risk of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2020; 72:1298-1309. [PMID: 32119126 PMCID: PMC8155698 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Statins have been proven to be cytotoxic to human cholangiocarcinoma cells by inhibiting cell division and inducing apoptosis. We aimed to determine the effect of statin use on the risk of cancer development and survival in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), including perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) and distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA). APPROACH AND RESULTS A total of 394 patients with ECC and hyperlipidemia who received care at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 2005 and 2015 were matched by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and residency to 788 controls with hyperlipidemia. Clinical and outcome data were abstracted. The odds ratios (ORs) for risk and hazard ratios for outcomes were calculated. The mean age and standard deviation (SD) for cases and controls was 65.6 years (13.8). The number of statin users in cases and controls was 73 (19%) and 403 (51%), respectively. Hepatitis C virus infection (OR, 15.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.06-61.87; P < 0.001) was the most significant risk factor for pCCA followed by inflammatory bowel disease and cirrhosis, whereas other liver disease, including biliary stone disease (OR, 4.06; CI, 2.24-7.36; P < 0.001), was the only significant risk factor for dCCA. Statin use was associated with significantly reduced risk for all ECC (OR, 0.22; CI, 0.16-0.29) as well as for the subtypes pCCA (OR, 0.3; CI, 0.21-0.41) and dCCA (OR, 0.06; CI, 0.03-0.14), all P < 0.0001. Moderate-intensity dosage was found to decrease the risk of ECC (OR, 0.48; CI, 0.34-0.67; P < 0.001). Comparing statin ever users to nonusers, patients with dCCA who used statins had significantly overall better survival (hazard ratio = 0.53; CI, 0.29-0.97; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This case-control study suggests that statins decrease the risk of ECC and may improve survival in patients with dCCA. Additional validation studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravanthi Lavu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Terry M. Therneau
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - William S. Harmsen
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kristin C. Mara
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nicha Wongjarupong
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hamdi A. Ali
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Nasra H. Giama
- Department of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Katsuyuki Miyabe
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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10
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Combined Treatment of Heteronemin and Tetrac Induces Antiproliferation in Oral Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070348. [PMID: 32630719 PMCID: PMC7401260 DOI: 10.3390/md18070348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Heteronemin, a marine sesterterpenoid-type natural product, possesses an antiproliferative effect in cancer cells. In addition, heteronemin has been shown to inhibit p53 expression. Our laboratory has demonstrated that the thyroid hormone deaminated analogue, tetrac, activates p53 and induces antiproliferation in colorectal cancer. However, such drug mechanisms are still to be studied in oral cancer cells. Methods: We investigated the antiproliferative effects by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. The signal transduction pathway was measured by Western blotting analyses. Quantitative PCR was used to evaluate gene expression regulated by heteronemin, 3,3’,5,5’-tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), or their combined treatment in oral cancer cells. Results: Heteronemin inhibited not only expression of proliferative genes and Homo Sapiens Thrombospondin 1 (THBS-1) but also cell proliferation in both OEC-M1 and SCC-25 cells. Remarkably, heteronemin increased TGF-β1 expression in SCC-25 cells. Tetrac suppressed expression of THBS-1 but not p53 expression in both cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of tetrac and heteronemin inhibited ERK1/2 activation and heteronemin also blocked STAT3 signaling. Combined treatment increased p53 protein and p53 activation accumulation although heteronemin inhibited p53 expression in both cancer cell lines. The combined treatment induced antiproliferation synergistically more than a single agent. Conclusions: Both heteronemin and tetrac inhibited ERK1/2 activation and increased p53 phosphorylation. They also inhibited THBS-1 expression. Moreover, tetrac suppressed TGF-β expression combined with heteronemin to further enhance antiproliferation and anti-metastasis in oral cancer cells.
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11
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Kim BB, Tae JY, Ko Y, Park JB. Lovastatin increases the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human gingiva-derived stem cells in three-dimensional cultures. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3425-3430. [PMID: 31602217 PMCID: PMC6777279 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lovastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent that also has effects of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of lovastatin on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of three-dimensional cell spheroids formed from human gingiva-derived stem cells (GDSCs) using concave microwells. GDSCs were plated on polydimethylsiloxane-based concave micromolds and grown in the presence of lovastatin at concentrations of 0, 2 and 6 µM. The morphology of the cells was viewed under an inverted microscope, and cell viability was determined with Cell Counting kit-8 on days 2, 7 and 14. Alkaline phosphatase activity assays were performed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation on days 2 and 8. Alizarin red-S staining was also used to assess the mineralization of the stem cell spheroids at day 14. The results confirmed that GDSCs formed spheroids in concave microwells. No significant changes were noted with longer incubation time, and no significant differences in cell viability were noted between the three lovastatin groups at each time point. Higher osteogenic differentiation was observed in the 2 µM group when compared with the control. Mineralized extracellular deposits were visible after Alizarin red-S staining, and higher mineralization was noted in the 2 and 6 µM lovastatin groups when compared with the 0 µM control. The relative mineralization values of the 0, 2 and 6 µM groups on day 14 were 39.0±9.6, 69.3±6.0 and 60.9±7.5, respectively. This study demonstrated that the application of lovastatin enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of cell spheroids formed from GDSCs. This suggests that combinations of lovastatin and stem cell spheroids may have the potential for use in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bae Kim
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Tae
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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12
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Papoutsoglou P, Louis C, Coulouarn C. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGFβ) Signaling Pathway in Cholangiocarcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090960. [PMID: 31450767 PMCID: PMC6770250 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a deadly cancer worldwide, associated with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Although cholangiocarcinoma accounts for less than 15% of liver primary cancer, its silent nature restricts early diagnosis and prevents efficient treatment. Therefore, it is of clinical relevance to better understand the molecular basis of cholangiocarcinoma, including the signaling pathways that contribute to tumor onset and progression. In this review, we discuss the genetic, molecular, and environmental factors that promote cholangiocarcinoma, emphasizing the role of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway in the progression of this cancer. We provide an overview of the physiological functions of TGFβ signaling in preserving liver homeostasis and describe how advanced cholangiocarcinoma benefits from the tumor-promoting effects of TGFβ. Moreover, we report the importance of noncoding RNAs as effector molecules downstream of TGFβ during cholangiocarcinoma progression, and conclude by highlighting the need for identifying novel and clinically relevant biomarkers for a better management of patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Papoutsoglou
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, Inra, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_S 1241, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Corentin Louis
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, Inra, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_S 1241, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, Inra, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_S 1241, 35033 Rennes, France.
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13
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Lin HY, Tey SL, Ho Y, Chin YT, Wang K, Whang-Peng J, Shih YJ, Chen YR, Yang YN, Chen YC, Liu YC, Tang HY, Yang YCS. Heteronemin Induces Anti-Proliferation in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells via Inhibiting TGF-β Pathway. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120489. [PMID: 30563284 PMCID: PMC6316595 DOI: 10.3390/md16120489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A marine sesterterpenoid-type natural product, heteronemin, retains anticancer effects. In the current study, we investigate the antitumor mechanism of heteronemin in cholangiocarcinoma cells and further explore its molecular targets. Initially, heteronemin exhibited potent cytotoxic effects against cholangiocarcinoma HuccT1 and SSP-25 cells. In vitro, heteronemin altered the abilities of cell adhesion and cell migration in HuccT1 and SSP-25 cell lines. It repressed messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) and Myc, whose protein products play important roles in regulating cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In addition, heteronemin altered several signaling pathways. The results indicate that heteronemin was able to modulate cell adhesion, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors, the TGF-β pathway, cell motility, the membrane integration, metastasis response, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) remodeling, the regulation of metabolism, sprouting angiogenesis, transcription factors, and vasculogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. The results also suggest that it activated multiple signal transduction pathways to induce an anti-proliferation effect and anti-metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma. In conclusion, heteronemin may be used as a potential medicine for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Shu-Leei Tey
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
| | - Yih Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Tang Chin
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan Wang
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Jung Shih
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Ning Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Heng-Yuan Tang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Yu-Chen Sh Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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14
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Chujan S, Suriyo T, Ungtrakul T, Pomyen Y, Satayavivad J. Potential candidate treatment agents for targeting of cholangiocarcinoma identified by gene expression profile analysis. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:42-52. [PMID: 29930804 PMCID: PMC6007048 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains to be a major health problem in several Asian countries including Thailand. The molecular mechanism of CCA is poorly understood. Early diagnosis is difficult, and at present, no effective therapeutic drug is available. The present study aimed to identify the molecular mechanism of CCA by gene expression profile analysis and to search for current approved drugs which may interact with the upregulated genes in CCA. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to analyze the gene expression profiles of CCA patients and normal subjects. Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene ontology enrichment analysis was also performed, with the KEGG pathway analysis indicating that pancreatic secretion, protein digestion and absorption, fat digestion and absorption, and glycerolipid metabolism may serve important roles in CCA oncogenesis. The drug signature database (DsigDB) was used to search for US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs potentially capable of reversing the effects of the upregulated gene expression in CCA. A total of 61 antineoplastic and 86 non-antineoplastic drugs were identified. Checkpoint kinase 1 was the most interacting with drug signatures. Many of the targeted protein inhibitors that were identified have been approved by the US-FDA as therapeutic agents for non-antineoplastic diseases, including cimetidine, valproic acid and lovastatin. The current study demonstrated an application for bioinformatics analysis in assessing the potential efficacy of currently approved drugs for novel use. The present results suggest novel indications regarding existing drugs useful for CCA treatment. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to support the current predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthipong Chujan
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Teerapat Ungtrakul
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Yotsawat Pomyen
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.,Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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15
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Hsieh MT, Wang LM, Changou CA, Chin YT, Yang YCSH, Lai HY, Lee SY, Yang YN, Whang-Peng J, Liu LF, Lin HY, Mousa SA, Davis PJ. Crosstalk between integrin αvβ3 and ERα contributes to thyroid hormone-induced proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24237-24249. [PMID: 27458161 PMCID: PMC5421843 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death in gynecological diseases. Thyroid hormone promotes proliferation of ovarian cancer cells via cell surface receptor integrin αvβ3 that activates extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2). However, the mechanisms are still not fully understood. Thyroxine (T4) at a physiologic total hormone concentration (10−7 M) significantly increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) abundance in these cell lines, as did 3, 5, 3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) at a supraphysiologic concentration. Thyroid hormone (T4 and T3) treatment of human ovarian cancer cells resulted in enhanced activation of the Ras/MAPK(ERK1/2) signal transduction pathway. An MEK inhibitor (PD98059) blocked hormone-induced cell proliferation but not ER phosphorylation. Knock-down of either integrin αv or β3 by RNAi blocked thyroid hormone-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. We also found that thyroid hormone causes elevated phosphorylation and nuclear enrichment of estrogen receptor α (ERα). Confocal microscopy indicated that both T4 and estradiol (E2) caused nuclear translocation of integrin αv and phosphorylation of ERα. The specific ERα antagonist (ICI 182,780; fulvestrant) blocked T4-induced ERK1/2 activation, ERα phosphorylation, PCNA expression and proliferation. The nuclear co-localization of integrin αv and phosphorylated ERα was inhibited by ICI. ICI time-course studies indicated that mechanisms involved in T4- and E2-induced nuclear co-localization of phosphorylated ERα and integrin αv are dissimilar. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed that T4-induced binding of integrin αv monomer to ERα promoter and this was reduced by ICI. In summary, thyroid hormone stimulates proliferation of ovarian cancer cells via crosstalk between integrin αv and ERα, mimicking functions of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ti Hsieh
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Le-Ming Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun A Changou
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Core Facility, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Teeth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen S H Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Lai
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Teeth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ning Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Leroy F Liu
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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16
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Weingarten C, Jenudi Y, Tshuva RY, Moskovich D, Alfandari A, Hercbergs A, Davis PJ, Ellis M, Ashur-Fabian O. The Interplay Between Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and the Thyroid Hormones-αvβ3 Axis in Ovarian Cancer. Discov Oncol 2017; 9:22-32. [PMID: 29260382 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly metastatic disease. The metastatic potential is enhanced by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in which αvβ3 integrin plays a role. Thyroid hormones (L-thyroxine, T4, and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3) bind this integrin, and we hypothesized that the thyroid hormone-αvβ3 axis may be involved in EMT activity in ovarian cancer. The transcription (mRNA), protein abundance (westerns), and protein localization (fluorescence microscopy) of several EMT markers were studied in ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3, A2780, and SKOV-3) treated with 1 nM T3 or 100 nM T4 for 1-24 h. The protein levels of β-catenin, and its downstream targets, zeb-1, slug, and vimentin, were significantly induced by both hormones, while the effect on transcription was limited. The pre-incubation of the cells overnight with two integrin inhibitors, RGD (0.1-10 μM) or αvβ3 blocking antibody (1-100 ng/mL), prevented the induction of β-catenin by T3 and zeb-1 by T4, indicating direct integrin involvement. The transcription of the mesenchymal markers, β-catenin, zeb-1, slug/snail, vimentin, and n-cadherin was hardly affected by T3 and T4, while that of the epithelial markers, e-cadherin and zo-1, was inhibited. Our results suggest a novel role for the thyroid hormone-αvβ3 axis in EMT, with possible implications for ovarian cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Weingarten
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Jenudi
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rami Yair Tshuva
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Dotan Moskovich
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Alfandari
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Paul J Davis
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Martin Ellis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel. .,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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17
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Biological Mechanisms by Which Antiproliferative Actions of Resveratrol Are Minimized. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101046. [PMID: 28934112 PMCID: PMC5691663 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have offered evidence for protective effects of various polyphenol-rich foods against cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Resveratrol is among the most widely studied polyphenols. However, the preventive and treatment effectiveness of resveratrol in cancer remain controversial because of certain limitations in existing studies. For example, studies of the activity of resveratrol against cancer cell lines in vitro have often been conducted at concentrations in the low μM to mM range, whereas dietary resveratrol or resveratrol-containing wine rarely achieve nM concentrations in the clinic. While the mechanisms underlying the failure of resveratrol to inhibit cancer growth in the intact organism are not fully understood, the interference by thyroid hormones with the anticancer activity of resveratrol have been well documented in both in vitro and xenograft studies. Thus, endogenous thyroid hormones may explain the failure of anticancer actions of resveratrol in intact animals, or in the clinic. In this review, mechanisms involved in resveratrol-induced antiproliferation and effects of thyroid hormones on these mechanisms are discussed.
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18
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Atilano-Roque A, Joy MS. Characterization of simvastatin acid uptake by organic anion transporting polypeptide 3A1 (OATP3A1) and influence of drug-drug interaction. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:158-165. [PMID: 28887287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human organic anion transporting polypeptide 3A1 (OATP3A1) is predominately expressed in the heart. The ability of OATP3A1 to transport statins into cardiomyocytes is unknown, although other OATPs are known to mediate the uptake of statin drugs in liver. The pleiotropic effects and uptake of simvastatin acid were analyzed in primary human cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene. Treatment with simvastatin acid reduced indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species and modulated OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene. We observed a pH-dependent effect on OATP3A1 uptake, with more efficient simvastatin acid uptake at pH5.5 in HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for simvastatin acid uptake by OATP3A1 was 0.017±0.002μM and the Vmax was 0.995±0.027fmol/min/105 cells. Uptake of simvastatin acid was significantly increased by known (benzylpenicillin and estrone-3-sulfate) and potential (indoxyl sulfate and cyclosporine) substrates of OATP3A1. In conclusion, the presence of OATP3A1 in cardiomyocytes suggests that this transporter may modulate the exposure of cardiac tissue to simvastatin acid due to its enrichment in cardiomyocytes. Increases in uptake of simvastatin acid by OATP3A1 when combined with OATP substrates suggest the potential for drug-drug interactions that could influence clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandla Atilano-Roque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Melanie S Joy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.
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19
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Chen Y, Liu D, Liu P, Chen Y, Yu H, Zhang Q. Identification of biomarkers of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA microarray data. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1051-1056. [PMID: 28098904 PMCID: PMC5367350 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) via integrated analysis of gene (transcript version) and microRNA (miRNA/miR) expression. The miRNA microarray dataset GSE32957 contained miRNA expression data from 16 ICC, 7 mixed type of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC), 2 hepatic adenoma, 3 focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and 5 healthy liver tissue samples, and 2 cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. In addition, the mRNA microarray dataset GSE32879 contained mRNA expression data from 16 ICC, 7 CHC, 2 hepatic adenoma, 5 FNH and 7 healthy liver tissue samples. The datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) in ICC samples compared with healthy liver tissues were identified via the limma package, following data preprocessing. Genes that exhibited alternative splicing (AS) in ICC samples were identified via AltAnalyze software. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Analysis. Target genes of DEMs were identified using the TargetScan database. The regulatory association between DEMs and any overlaps among DEGs, alternative splicing genes (ASGs) and target genes of DEMs were retrieved, and a network was visualized using the Cytoscape software. A total of 2,327 DEGs, 70 DEMs and 623 ASGs were obtained. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were primarily enriched in biological processes and pathways associated with cell activity or the immune system. A total of 63 overlaps were obtained among DEGs, ASGs and target genes of DEMs, and a regulation network that contained 243 miRNA-gene regulation pairs was constructed between these overlaps and DEMs. The overlapped genes, including sprouty-related EVH1 domain containing 1, protein phosphate 1 regulatory subunit 12A, chromosome 20 open reading frame 194, and DEMs, including hsa-miR-96, hsa-miR-1 and hsa-miR-25, may be potential therapeutic targets for the future treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Chen
- Department of VIP Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Sino‑US Center of Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baoding Xiongxian County Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
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20
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Papanagnou P, Stivarou T, Tsironi M. Unexploited Antineoplastic Effects of Commercially Available Anti-Diabetic Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9020024. [PMID: 27164115 PMCID: PMC4932542 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficacious antitumor compounds with minimal toxicity is a hot research topic. Numerous cancer cell targeted agents are evaluated daily in laboratories for their antitumorigenicity at the pre-clinical level, but the process of their introduction into the market is costly and time-consuming. More importantly, even if these new antitumor agents manage to gain approval, clinicians have no former experience with them. Accruing evidence supports the idea that several medications already used to treat pathologies other than cancer display pleiotropic effects, exhibiting multi-level anti-cancer activity and chemosensitizing properties. This review aims to present the anticancer properties of marketed drugs (i.e., metformin and pioglitazone) used for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) type II. Mode of action, pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo or clinical data as well as clinical applicability are discussed here. Given the precious multi-year clinical experience with these non-antineoplastic drugs their repurposing in oncology is a challenging alternative that would aid towards the development of therapeutic schemes with less toxicity than those of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. More importantly, harnessing the antitumor function of these agents would save precious time from bench to bedside to aid the fight in the arena of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Papanagnou
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Orthias Artemidos and Plateon St, Sparti GR-23100, Greece.
| | - Theodora Stivarou
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Orthias Artemidos and Plateon St, Sparti GR-23100, Greece.
| | - Maria Tsironi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Orthias Artemidos and Plateon St, Sparti GR-23100, Greece.
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