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Šutić M, Dmitrović B, Jakovčević A, Džubur F, Oršolić N, Debeljak Ž, Försti A, Seiwerth S, Brčić L, Madzarac G, Samaržija M, Jakopović M, Knežević J. Transcriptomic Profiling for Prognostic Biomarkers in Early-Stage Squamous Cell Lung Cancer (SqCLC). Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:720. [PMID: 38398111 PMCID: PMC10887138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) is associated with high mortality and limited treatment options. Identification of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers is still lacking. This research aims to analyze the transcriptomic profile of SqCLC samples and identify the key genes associated with tumorigenesis, overall survival (OS), and a profile of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Differential gene expression analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and Gene Ontology analysis on RNA-seq data obtained from FFPE tumor samples (N = 23) and healthy tissues (N = 3) were performed (experimental cohort). Validation of the results was conducted on publicly available gene expression data using TCGA LUSC (N = 225) and GTEx healthy donors' cohorts (N = 288). We identified 1133 upregulated and 644 downregulated genes, common for both cohorts. The most prominent upregulated genes were involved in cell cycle and proliferation regulation pathways (MAGEA9B, MAGED4, KRT, MMT11/13), while downregulated genes predominately belonged to immune-related pathways (DEFA1B, DEFA1, DEFA3). Results of the survival analysis, conducted on the validation cohort and commonly deregulated genes, indicated that overexpression of HOXC4 (p < 0.001), LLGL1 (p = 0.0015), and SLC4A3 (p = 0.0034) is associated with worse OS in early-stage SqCLC patients. In contrast, overexpression of GSTZ1 (p = 0.0029) and LILRA5 (p = 0.0086) was protective, i.e., associated with better OS. By applying a single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), we identified four distinct immune subtypes. Immune cell distribution suggests that the memory T cells (central and effector) and follicular helper T cells could serve as important stratification parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šutić
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Branko Dmitrović
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Clinical Medical Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Antonia Jakovčević
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Feđa Džubur
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Željko Debeljak
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Asta Försti
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Luka Brčić
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Goran Madzarac
- Department for Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Miroslav Samaržija
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Marko Jakopović
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Mastutik G, Rahniayu A, Marhana IA, Amin M, Ruslan SEN, Trianto HF. Expression of MAGE A1 to MAGE A10 in the Forceps Biopsy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens from Patients with the Central Lung Tumor. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:159-167. [PMID: 38285780 PMCID: PMC10911746 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.1.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the expression of the MAGE A subtypes family in the central lung tumor patients from the forceps biopsy (FB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens and to analyze its association with the histopathological examination. METHODS An observational study was conducted on 32 FB and 43 BAL specimens from patients with central lung tumors. All samples were assessed for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression by reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and samples showing a positive result were examined for MAGE A subtypes family expression by nested-RT PCR. RESULT The MAGE A1 to MAGE A10 genes were highly expressed in the FB and BAL specimens from patients with central lung tumors. The MAGE A1 to MAGE A10 gene and MAGE A1 to MAGE A6 gene were expressed in 60/75 (80%) and 16/75 (21.3 %), respectively. MAGE A8, MAGE A9, and MAGE A10 were the most commonly expressed. In FB specimens diagnosed without malignant cells, MAGE A1 to MAGE A10 and MAGE A1 to MAGE A6 were positive in 16/18 (88.9 %) and 1/18 (5.6 %), respectively. In all BAL specimens were diagnosed with no malignant cells, but MAGE A1 to MAGE A10 and MAGE A1 to MAGE A6 showed positive results in 36/43 (83.7%) and 9/43 (20.9%) %), respectively. There was a significant association between MAGE A1 to MAGE A6 expression with histopathological diagnosis. CONCLUSION The MAGE A subtype family genes are highly expressed in central lung tumor patients from FB and BAL specimens, even in specimens that were diagnosed with no malignant cells. All BAL specimens were diagnosed as no malignant cells, but expression of the MAGE A subfamily genes was found in more than 80% of the specimens. These observations suggest that combining histopathological and molecular examination could improve the diagnosis of lung malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gondo Mastutik
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Alphania Rahniayu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Isnin Anang Marhana
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Mochamad Amin
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | | | - Heru Fajar Trianto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia.
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Chromosomally Unstable Gastric Cancers Overexpressing Claudin-6 Disclose Cross-Talk between HNF1A and HNF4A, and Upregulated Cholesterol Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213977. [PMID: 36430456 PMCID: PMC9694805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Abnormally increased expression of claudin-6 in gastric cancer is considered a prognostic marker of the chromosomal unstable molecular subtype. However, a detailed molecular profile analysis of differentially expressed genes and affected pathways associated with claudin-6 increased (Cldn6high) expression has not been assessed. (2) The TCGA Stomach Adenocarcinoma Pan-Cancer Atlas Data was evaluated using Cytoscape's Gene Mania, MCODE, and Cytohubba bioinformatic software. (3) 96.88% of Cldn6high gastric cancer tumors belonging to the chromosomal unstable molecular subtype are associated with a worse prognosis. Cldn6expression coincided with higher mutations in TP53, MIEN1, STARD3, PGAP3, and CCNE1 genes compared to Cldn6low expression. In Cldn6high cancers, 1316 genes were highly expressed. Cholesterol metabolism was the most affected pathway as APOA1, APOA2, APOH, APOC2, APOC3, APOB-100, LDL receptor-related protein 1/2, Sterol O-acyltransferase, STARD3, MAGEA-2, -3, -4, -6, -9B, and -12 genes were overexpressed in Cldn6high gastric cancers; interestingly, APOA2 and MAGEA9b were identified as top hub genes. Functional enrichment of DEGs linked HNF-4α and HNF-1α genes as highly expressed in Cldn6high gastric cancer. (4) Our results suggest that APOA2 and MAGEA9b could be considered as prognostic markers for Cldn6high gastric cancers.
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Yang P, Qiao Y, Meng M, Zhou Q. Cancer/Testis Antigens as Biomarker and Target for the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy of Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:864159. [PMID: 35574342 PMCID: PMC9092596 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.864159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading type of malignant tumour among cancer-caused death worldwide, and the 5-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is only 18%. Various oncogenes are abnormally overexpressed in lung cancer, including cancer/testis antigens (CTAs), which are restrictively expressed in the male testis but are hardly expressed in other normal tissues, if at all. CTAs are aberrantly overexpressed in various types of cancer, with more than 60 CTAs abnormally overexpressed in lung cancer. Overexpression of oncogenic CTAs drives the initiation, metastasis and progression of lung cancer, and is closely associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Several CTAs, such as XAGE, SPAG9 and AKAP4, have been considered as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of lung cancer. More interestingly, due to the high immunogenicity and specificity of CTAs in cancer, several CTAs, including CT45, BCAP31 and ACTL8, have been targeted for developing novel therapeutics against cancer. CTA-based vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T) and small molecules have been used in lung cancer treatment in pre-clinical and early clinical trials, with encouraging results being obtained. However, there are still many hurdles to be overcome before these therapeutics can be routinely used in clinical lung cancer therapy. This review summarises the recent rapid progress in oncogenic CTAs, focusing on CTAs as biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis and prognostic prediction, and as targets for novel anti-cancer drug discovery and lung cancer therapy. We also identify challenges and opportunities in CTA-based cancer diagnosis and treatment. Finally, we provide perspectives on the mechanisms of oncogenic CTAs in lung cancer development, and we also suggest CTAs as a new platform for lung cancer diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and novel anti-cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yingnan Qiao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei Meng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Proteomic Signatures of Diffuse and Intestinal Subtypes of Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235930. [PMID: 34885041 PMCID: PMC8656738 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of death from cancer globally. Gastric cancer is classified into intestinal, diffuse and indeterminate subtypes based on histology according to the Laurén classification. The intestinal and diffuse subtypes, although different in histology, demographics and outcomes, are still treated in the same fashion. This study was designed to discover proteomic signatures of diffuse and intestinal subtypes. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics using tandem mass tags (TMT)-based multiplexed analysis was used to identify proteins in tumor tissues from patients with diffuse or intestinal gastric cancer with adjacent normal tissue control. A total of 7448 or 4846 proteins were identified from intestinal or diffuse subtype, respectively. This quantitative mass spectrometric analysis defined a proteomic signature of differential expression across the two subtypes, which included gremlin1 (GREM1), bcl-2-associated athanogene 2 (BAG2), olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) and melanoma-associated antigen 9 (MAGE-A9) proteins. Although GREM1, BAG2, OLFM4, TRIP6 and MAGE-A9 have all been previously implicated in tumor progression and metastasis, they have not been linked to intestinal or diffuse subtypes of gastric cancer. Using immunohistochemical labelling of a tissue microarray comprising of 124 cases of gastric cancer, we validated the proteomic signature obtained by mass spectrometry in the discovery cohort. Our findings should help investigate the pathogenesis of these gastric cancer subtypes and potentially lead to strategies for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Poojary M, Jishnu PV, Kabekkodu SP. Prognostic Value of Melanoma-Associated Antigen-A (MAGE-A) Gene Expression in Various Human Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 7428 Patients and 44 Studies. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:537-555. [PMID: 32548799 PMCID: PMC7497308 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Members of the melanoma-associated antigen-A (MAGE-A) subfamily are overexpressed in many cancers and can drive cancer progression, metastasis, and therapeutic recurrence. Objective This study is the first comprehensive meta-analysis evaluating the prognostic utility of MAGE-A members in different cancers. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science. The pooled hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated to evaluate the prognostic significance of MAGE-A expression in various cancers. Results In total, 44 eligible studies consisting of 7428 patients from 11 countries were analysed. Univariate and multivariate analysis for overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival showed a significant association between high MAGE-A expression and various cancers (P < 0.00001). Additionally, subgroup analysis demonstrated that high MAGE-A expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis for lung, gastrointestinal, breast, and ovarian cancer in both univariate and multivariate analysis for overall survival. Conclusion Overexpression of MAGE-A subfamily members is linked to poor prognosis in multiple cancers. Therefore, it could serve as a potential prognostic marker of poor prognosis in cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40291-020-00476-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Poojary
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Oh C, Kim HR, Oh S, Ko JY, Kim Y, Kang K, Yang Y, Kim J, Park JH, Roe JS, Yoo KH. Epigenetic Upregulation of MAGE-A Isoforms Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133176. [PMID: 34202157 PMCID: PMC8268034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that has complex causes and mechanisms of development. Currently, patient treatment options depend on the breast cancer molecular subtype, which is classified based on the presence or absence of hormone receptors and HER2. However, this classification system has limitations in terms of predicting responsiveness to anticancer drugs and patient outcomes. In this study, we present a new approach to classifying molecular breast cancer subtypes: it is based on changes in histone modifications in the promoter region of the MAGEA12 locus, which we found related closely to MAGEA12 expression and MAGEA12-associated malignancy of breast cancer cells. Abstract After decades-long efforts to diagnose and treat breast cancer, the management strategy that has proved most successful to date is molecular-subtype-specific inhibition of the hormone receptors and HER2 that are expressed by individual cancers. Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) proteins comprise >40 highly conserved members that contain the MAGE homology domain. They are often overexpressed in multiple cancers and contribute to cancer progression and metastasis. However, it remains unclear whether the biological activity arising from MAGE gene expression is associated with breast cancer subtypes. In this study, we analyzed the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 70 breast cancer cell lines and found that MAGEA12 and MAGEA3 were highly expressed in a subset of these lines. Significantly, MAGEA12 and MAGEA3 expression levels were independent of hormone receptor expression levels but were closely associated with markers of active histone modifications. This indicates that overexpression of these genes is attributable to epigenetic deregulation. RNA-seq of MAGEA12-depleted cells was then used to identify 382 candidate targets of MAGEA12 that were downregulated by MAGEA12 depletion. Furthermore, our gain-of-function experiments showed that MAGEA12 overexpression promoted aggressive behaviors of malignant breast cancer cells, including enhancing their cell migration and invasion. These changes were associated with increased epigenetic deregulation of the MAGEA12 signature genes. Thus, MAGEA12 may play an important role in breast cancer malignancy. Taken together, our findings suggest that MAGEA12 could be a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer, and its overexpression and epigenetic changes could serve as subtype classification biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeun Oh
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (C.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Sumin Oh
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (C.O.); (S.O.)
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Je Yeong Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (Y.K.); (Y.Y.); (J.K.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Yesol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (Y.K.); (Y.Y.); (J.K.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (Y.K.); (Y.Y.); (J.K.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (Y.K.); (Y.Y.); (J.K.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (Y.K.); (Y.Y.); (J.K.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-S.R.); (K.H.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-2123-2700 (J.-S.R.); +82-2-2077-7836 (K.H.Y.)
| | - Kyung Hyun Yoo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (C.O.); (S.O.)
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.R.); (K.H.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-2123-2700 (J.-S.R.); +82-2-2077-7836 (K.H.Y.)
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Tsang YH, Wang Y, Kong K, Grzeskowiak C, Zagorodna O, Dogruluk T, Lu H, Villafane N, Bhavana VH, Moreno D, Elsea SH, Liang H, Mills GB, Scott KL. Differential expression of MAGEA6 toggles autophagy to promote pancreatic cancer progression. eLife 2020; 9:48963. [PMID: 32270762 PMCID: PMC7164953 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanoma-associated antigen family A (MAGEA) antigens are expressed in a wide variety of malignant tumors but not in adult somatic cells, rendering them attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. Here we show that a number of cancer-associated MAGEA mutants that undergo proteasome-dependent degradation in vitro could negatively impact their utility as immunotherapeutic targets. Importantly, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell models, MAGEA6 suppresses macroautophagy (autophagy). The inhibition of autophagy is released upon MAGEA6 degradation, which can be induced by nutrient deficiency or by acquisition of cancer-associated mutations. Using xenograft mouse models, we demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy is critical for tumor initiation whereas reinstitution of autophagy as a consequence of MAGEA6 degradation contributes to tumor progression. These findings could inform cancer immunotherapeutic strategies for targeting MAGEA antigens and provide mechanistic insight into the divergent roles of MAGEA6 during pancreatic cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Huen Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Cell, Develop & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Kathleen Kong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Caitlin Grzeskowiak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Oksana Zagorodna
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Turgut Dogruluk
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Hengyu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Nicole Villafane
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | | | - Daniela Moreno
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Sarah H Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Cell, Develop & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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Shi C, Xu L, Tang Z, Zhang W, Wei Y, Ni J, Zhang S, Feng J. Knockdown of Nemo‑like kinase promotes metastasis in non‑small‑cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1090-1100. [PMID: 31322229 PMCID: PMC6667924 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase Nemo-like kinase (NLK) serves an important role in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis by regulating transcription factors among various cancers. In the present study, the function of NLK in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated. Immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting demonstrated that NLK expression was significantly reduced in NSCLC tissues compared with corresponding peritumoral tissues. Statistical analysis revealed that decreased NLK expression was associated with the presence of primary tumors, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and E-cadherin and vimentin expression. Univariate analysis indicated that NLK expression, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and E-cadherin and vimentin expression affected the prognosis of NSCLC. Cox regression analyses revealed NLK expression and TNM as independent factors that affected prognosis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with NSCLC and low NLK expression had relatively shorter durations of overall survival. In vitro, NLK overexpression inhibited A549 ncell migration and invasion as determined by wound healing and Transwell migration assays, respectively. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining indicated that downregulation of NLK expression could induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in NSCLC. NLK knockdown significantly decreased the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, and markedly increased that of β-catenin and the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Furthermore, NLK was reported to directly interact with β-catenin as determined by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that decreased NLK expression could promote tumor metastasis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Weishuai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Han L, Tang M, Xu X, Jiang B, Wei Y, Qian H, Lu X. MiR-143-3p suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting Melanoma-Associated Antigen A9 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1245-1257. [PMID: 30302801 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previously we found that melanoma-associated antigen-A9 (MAGE-A9) was a significantly upregulated biomarker in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). A high expression of MAGE-A9 indicates an unfavorable survival outcome, and the MAGE-A9 expression level is an independent prognostic factor of LSCC. To explore the mechanism of MAGE-A9 upregulation, several predicted regulatory microRNAs were screened and validated in LSCC cells. In the current study, we found that miR-143-3p (MAGE-A9 related miRNAs) expression levels correlated negatively with the MAGE-A9 protein expression in LSCC tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and Western blot analysis revealed MAGE-A9 to be a direct target of miR-143-3p. Furthermore, a series of in vitro gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that miR-143-3p inhibited LSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Also, miR-143-3p suppressed LSCC tumorigenesis in vivo. These effects were clinically relevant, as a lower expression of miR-143-3p occurred in severer clinical stages and represented poor overall survival in patients with LSCC. Taken together, these results suggest that downregulation of miR-143-3p contributes to tumor progression through upregulation of MAGE-A9. The expression level of these two key molecules maintained LSCC progression, thus, highlighting the potential of miR-143-3p as a therapeutic target for human LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingming Tang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinjiang Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingze Wei
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyan Qian
- Cancer Research Center, Nantong Tumor Hospi tal, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueguan Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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11
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Meyer TJ, Hartmann S, Wohlleben G, Brisam M, Seher A, Kübler AC, Polat B, Müller-Richter UDA. MAGE-A9 in head and neck cancer: Prognostic value and preclinical findings in the context of irradiation. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 8:513-519. [PMID: 29556384 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy alone, or as an addition to surgery is important for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In addition to their expression in germ cells, melanoma associated antigens-A (MAGE-A) are only expressed in malignant tissue. Notably, there is a known correlation between MAGE-A9 expression and poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. However, current knowledge regarding the function of MAGE-A9 expression, particularly in the context of irradiation, is limited. MAGE-A9 expression in 37 oral squamous cell carcinoma patents was immunohistochemically determined and analyzed for overall survival by the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. Next, the expression of MAGE-A9 was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in HNSCC cell lines prior to and following irradiation with 2 Gray. The radiosensitivity of each cell line was determined using a clonogenic survival assay. There was a significantly (P=0.0468) longer overall survival in patients with a low level of MAGE-A9 expression. The median overall survival in patients with high MAGE-A9 expression was 47% compared to 73% in the group with low MAGE-A9 expression. The cell lines revealed a distinct expression pattern of MAGE-A9. Following irradiation of the cell lines, a significant enhancement of MAGE-A9 mRNA expression levels was observed. The most prominent alteration in MAGE-A9 expression was observed in the most radioresistant cell line. A high MAGE-A9 expression level correlates significantly with lower overall survival in HNSCC patients. Additionally, irradiation increased the MAGE-A9 mRNA levels in all five HNSCC cell lines, and the most resistant cell line demonstrated the greatest increase in MAGE-A9 expression following irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till J Meyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gisela Wohlleben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Muna Brisam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axel Seher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander C Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Urs D A Müller-Richter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Shen Y, Xu J, Yang X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Yang D, Dong Q, Yang Y. Evidence for the involvement of the proximal copy of the MAGEA9 gene in Xq28-linked CNV67 specific to spermatogenic failure. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:610-616. [PMID: 28339631 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenic failure characterized by impaired sperm production is a common multifactorial disease with molecular and cytogenetic causes for its extreme phenotype that include azoospermia and severe oliogzoospermia. Recently, a high-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis of the X chromosome and a subsequent cohort study revealed three X-linked microdeletions (CNV64, CNV67, and CNV69) that were associated with decreased sperm production in a mixed group that included Spanish and Italian males. To confirm their spermatogenic effect, we examined the hemizygous deletions and copy dosage of the MAGE family member A9 (MAGEA9) gene, which is a potential X-linked candidate for the CNV67-related spermatogenic phenotype, to investigate their association with spermatogenic failure in 1722 Han males from southwest China. The individuals in this group consisted of 884 patients with idiopathic azoospermia/oliogzoospermia and 838 controls with normozoospermia. Our results showed that both CNV64 and CNV69 were more common in patients than in controls. Similar to that reported previously, the CNV67 was also identified as being specific to spermatogenic failure in our population, although it was rare. More importantly, the paralog ratio tests and sequence family variant analyses provided evidence that the CNV67 might cause a partial deletion of the proximal copy of the MAGEA9 and suggests that CNV67-related spermatogenic failure may be attributed to the functional defect of the Cancer/Testis gene. Our findings highlight the potential of the Xq-linked CNV67 to serve as a novel detection target in the etiological diagnosis of spermatogenic failure and male infertility, although its pathogenic mechanism remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyan Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiling Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunqiang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongyi Ma
- Department of Jinxin Genetic Research, Jinjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Chengdu Reproductive Medicine Institute, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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13
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Wei Y, Wang Y, Gong J, Rao L, Wu Z, Nie T, Shi D, Zhang L. High expression of MAGE-A9 contributes to stemness and malignancy of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:219-230. [PMID: 29138811 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MAGE-A9, a well-characterized cancer testis antigen (CTA), belongs to a member of melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family. In human malignancies, aberrant expression of MAGE genes correlated with poor clinical prognosis, increased tumor growth, metastases, and enrichment in stem cell populations of certain cancers. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed to contribute to the major malignant phenotypes of liver cancer, including recurrence, metastasis and chemoresistance. However, expression and potential role of MAGE-A9 in liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) still remain unclear. In the present study, we first analyzed the expression profiling of MAGE family genes in EpCAM+ and EpCAM- human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), based on public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Among these examined MAGE members, MAGE-A9 is the only one with significantly higher expression in EpCAM+ HCC specimens as compared with EpCAM- HCC. Quantitative PCR analysis further confirmed that MAGE-A9 expression significantly elevated in a subtype of HCC patients that had features of hepatic stem/progenitor cells with high-level expression of EpCAM and α-fetoprotein (AFP). Moreover, MAGE-A9 displayed remarkably enriched expression in EpCAM+ HCC cells that were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and cultured HCC cell spheroids with characteristics of stem/progenitor cells. Functional experiments further revealed that MAGE-A9 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, chemoresistance, and tumorigenicity in the context of EpCAM+ HCC cells, whereas MAGE-A9 knockdown significantly inhibited anchorage-dependent and spheroid colony formation and in vivo tumorigenicity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MAGE-A9 functions as an important regulator of LCSCs, and MAGE-A9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target against HCC stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, P.R. China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gong
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Rao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, P.R. China
| | - Teng Nie
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, P.R. China
| | - Dongling Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, P.R. China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, P.R. China
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14
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Melanoma antigen A12 regulates cell cycle via tumor suppressor p21 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68448-68459. [PMID: 28978129 PMCID: PMC5620269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigen family A (MAGE-A) is a family of cancer/testis antigens that are expressed in malignant tumors but not in normal tissues other than the testes. MAGE-A12 is a MAGE-A family gene whose tumorigenic function in cancer cells remains unclear. Searches of the Oncomine and NextBio databases revealed that malignant tumors show up-regulation of MAGE-A12 mRNA relative to corresponding normal tissue. In PPC1 primary prostatic carcinoma cells and in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells (wild type and p53-depleted), MAGE-A12 gene knockdown using siRNA or shRNA diminishes cancer cell proliferation as assessed by cellular ATP levels, cell counting, and clonogenic assays. FACS analyses of annexin V-PI staining and DNA content show that MAGE-A12 knockdown causes G2/M arrest and apoptosis. In tumor xenografts of HCT116 cells, conditional knockdown of MAGE-A12 suppresses tumor growth. The depletion of MAGE-A12 leads to the accumulation of tumor suppressor p21 in PPC1, HCT116, and p53-depleted HCT116 cells. Conversely, CDKN1A knockdown partially rescues the viability of PPC1 cells transfected with siRNA targeting MAGE-A12, while p21 overexpression leads to proliferation arrest in PPC-1 cells. Furthermore, exogenous MAGE-A12 expression promotes the ubiquitination of p21. Our findings reveal that MAGE-A12 plays crucial roles in p21 stability and tumor growth, suggesting that MAGE-A12 could provide a novel target for cancer treatment.
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15
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Xiao J, Lu X, Chen X, Zou Y, Liu A, Li W, He B, He S, Chen Q. Eight potential biomarkers for distinguishing between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71759-71771. [PMID: 29069744 PMCID: PMC5641087 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are the most common non-small cell lung cancer histological phenotypes. Accurate diagnosis distinguishing between these two lung cancer types has clinical significance. For this study, we analyzed four Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE28571, GSE37745, GSE43580, and GSE50081). We then imported the datasets into the Gene-Cloud of Biotechnology Information online platform to identify genes differentially expressed in LADC and LSCC. We identified DSG3 (desmoglein 3), KRT5 (keratin 5), KRT6A (keratin 6A), KRT6B (keratin 6B), NKX2-1 (NK2 homeobox 1), SFTA2 (surfactant associated 2), SFTA3 (surfactant associated 3), and TMC5 (transmembrane channel-like 5) as potential biomarkers for distinguishing between LADC and LSCC. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that KRT5 had the highest diagnostic value for discriminating between these two cancer types. Using the PrognoScan online survival analysis tool and the Kaplan-Meier Plotter, we found that high KRT6A or KRT6B levels, or low NKX2-1, SFTA3, or TMC5 levels correlated with unfavorable prognoses in LADC patients. Further studies will be needed to verify our findings in additional patient samples, and to elucidate the mechanisms of action of these potential biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Aibin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bixiu He
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shuya He
- Department of Biochemistry & Biology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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16
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Tang Z, Li J, Shen Q, Feng J, Liu H, Wang W, Xu L, Shi G, Ye X, Ge M, Zhou X, Ni S. Contribution of upregulated dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) in promoting tumoregenicity, metastasis and the prediction of poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1620-1632. [PMID: 27943262 PMCID: PMC5324565 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is encoded by DPP9, which belongs to the DPP4 gene family. Proteins encoded by these genes have unique peptidase and extra‐enzymatic functions that have been linked to various diseases including cancers. Here, we describe the expression pattern and biological function of DPP9 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The repression of DPP9 expression by small interfering RNA inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we explored the role of DPP9 in regulating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). The epithelial markers E‐cadherin and MUC1 were significantly increased, while mesenchymal markers vimentin and S100A4 were markedly decreased in DPP9 knockdown cells. The downregulation of DPP9 in the NSCLC cells induced the expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins both in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the protein expression levels of DPP9 by tissue microarray immunohistochemical assay (TMA‐IHC) (n = 217). Further we found mRNA expression levels of DPP9 in 30 pairs of clinical NSCLC tissues were significantly lower than in the adjacent non‐cancerous tissues. Survival analysis showed that the overexpression of DPP9 was a significant independent factor for poor 5‐year overall survival in patients with NSCLC (p = 0.003). Taken together, DPP9 expression correlates with poor overall survival in NSCLC. What's new? Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with multiple genetic and epigenetic changes. Nonetheless, mechanisms underlying its initiation and progression are not well understood. The present study identifies a role for dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9), a DPP4 family member with suspected influence on tumor initiation and metastasis. In lung cancer cells in vitro, DPP9 repression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while its repression in vivo dramatically slowed tumor growth, greatly reducing tumor volume in DPP9 knockdown mice. In clinical NSCLC specimens, DPP9 upregulation was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage and was negatively prognostic for overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanglin Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xumei Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Sang M, Gu L, Yin D, Liu F, Lian Y, Zhang X, Liu S, Huang W, Wu Y, Shan B. MAGE-A family expression is correlated with poor survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma: a retrospective clinical study based on tissue microarray. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:533-540. [PMID: 27864450 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the best characterised cancer/testis antigen family members, melanoma-associated antigens (MAGE) have been reported to be expressed in various malignant tumours. However, the expression pattern of MAGE-A family in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) specimens and their prognostic and therapeutic significance for patients with LAC is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry analysis was used to examine the expression of MAGE-A family members (including MAGE-A1, A2, A3, A4, A6, A10, A11 and A12) in 105 paired LAC specimens and the corresponding pericarcinoma specimens. The association between MAGE-A expression and the clinicopathological parameters, and the 10-year overall survival of patients with LAC were analysed. In addition, the association between MAGE-A expression and the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification and ALK-EML4 rearrangements of patients with LAC were also analysed. RESULTS The immunohistochemical evaluation revealed that MAGE-A family was expressed in 46.66% of LAC specimens, but not in the corresponding pericarcinoma specimens. MAGE-A expression was not associated with the clinicopathological factors but with worse 10-year survival, and was a poor prognostic marker for patients with LAC. MAGE-A expression was not correlated with EGFR amplification and ALK rearrangements. Interestingly, MAGE-A expression can affect the overall survival of patients with LAC without EGFR amplification or ALK rearrangements, but not affect the overall survival of patients with LAC and EGFR amplification or ALK rearrangements. CONCLUSIONS Molecular assessment of MAGE-A family members could be considered to improve the prognostic evaluation and to provide a new potential therapeutic strategy for patients with LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Sang
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Tumor Research Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Gu
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Danjing Yin
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishui Lian
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochong Zhang
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Laboratory, Julu County Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shina Liu
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weina Huang
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Wu
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Tumor Research Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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