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Chen X, Li Y, Bao X, Zhang E, Cui C, Liu X, Luo Q, Yang J, Li Z, Xu X. Transcriptome profiling based on protein-protein networks provides a core set of genes for understanding blood immune response mechanisms against LPS stress in Amphioctopus fangsiao. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104509. [PMID: 35963309 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are significant pathogens in the ocean, posing serious threats to marine organisms. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a characteristic chemical constituent in Gram-negative bacteria that can be recognized by the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) of immune cells. This system is often used to simulate the invasion of bacteria. Blood is a transport channel for immune cells, and its transcriptome information obtained from Amphioctopus fangsiao stimulated by LPS is essential for understanding the antibacterial biological mechanisms of this species. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of A. fangsiao blood within 24h under LPS stress and found 778 and 561 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 6 and 24h, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were performed to search for immune-related DEGs. The relationships among immune genes were examined by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, 16 hub genes were identified based on the PPI network and KEGG enrichment analysis. The expression profiles of these genes were verified using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). This research provides valuable resources for the healthy culture of A. fangsiao and helps us understand the molecular mechanisms of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipan Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Enshuo Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Cuiju Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qihao Luo
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; Yantai Haiyu Marine Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai, 264004, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Montaño A, Ordoñez JL, Alonso-Pérez V, Hernández-Sánchez J, Santos S, González T, Benito R, García-Tuñón I, Hernández-Rivas JM. ETV6/ RUNX1 Fusion Gene Abrogation Decreases the Oncogenicity of Tumour Cells in a Preclinical Model of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Cells 2020; 9:E215. [PMID: 31952221 PMCID: PMC7017301 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The t(12;21)(p13;q22), which fuses ETV6 and RUNX1 genes, is the most common genetic abnormality in children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The implication of the fusion protein in leukemogenesis seems to be clear. However, its role in the maintenance of the disease continues to be controversial. METHODS Generation of an in vitroETV6/RUNX1 knock out model using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. Functional characterization by RNA sequencing, proliferation assays, apoptosis and pharmacologic studies, and generation of edited-cell xenograft model. RESULTS The expression of ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene was completely eliminated, thus generating a powerful model on which to study the role of the fusion gene in leukemic cells. The loss of fusion gene expression led to the deregulation of biological processes affecting survival such as apoptosis resistance and cell proliferation capacity. Tumour cells showed higher levels of apoptosis, lower proliferation rate and a greater sensitivity to PI3K inhibitors in vitro along as a decrease in tumour growth in xenografts models after ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene abrogation. CONCLUSIONS ETV6/RUNX1 fusion protein seems to play an important role in the maintenance of the leukemic phenotype and could thus become a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Montaño
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Cancer Research Center, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.O.); (V.A.-P.); (J.H.-S.); (S.S.); (T.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Jose Luis Ordoñez
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Cancer Research Center, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.O.); (V.A.-P.); (J.H.-S.); (S.S.); (T.G.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Verónica Alonso-Pérez
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Cancer Research Center, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.O.); (V.A.-P.); (J.H.-S.); (S.S.); (T.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Jesús Hernández-Sánchez
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Cancer Research Center, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.O.); (V.A.-P.); (J.H.-S.); (S.S.); (T.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Sandra Santos
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Cancer Research Center, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.O.); (V.A.-P.); (J.H.-S.); (S.S.); (T.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Teresa González
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Cancer Research Center, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.O.); (V.A.-P.); (J.H.-S.); (S.S.); (T.G.); (R.B.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocío Benito
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Cancer Research Center, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.O.); (V.A.-P.); (J.H.-S.); (S.S.); (T.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Ignacio García-Tuñón
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Cancer Research Center, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.O.); (V.A.-P.); (J.H.-S.); (S.S.); (T.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Jesús María Hernández-Rivas
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Cancer Research Center, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.); (J.L.O.); (V.A.-P.); (J.H.-S.); (S.S.); (T.G.); (R.B.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Wallwitz J, Aigner P, Gadermaier E, Bauer E, Casanova E, Bauer A, Stoiber D. Validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification of endostatin levels in mice as a biomarker of developing glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220935. [PMID: 31404120 PMCID: PMC6690585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endostatin, the C-terminal fragment of type XVIII collagen, was shown to be one of the most potent endothelial cell-specific inhibitors of angiogenesis. As altered circulating endostatin concentration is associated with impaired kidney function, new tools for measuring endostatin in rodents may be helpful to further investigate and understand its role within kidney disease progression. A novel and commercially available ELISA for the quantification of mouse and rat endostatin was developed and validated according to international quality guidelines including the parameters specificity, robustness, accuracy, dilution linearity, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). Endostatin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration were measured in mice with a glomerulonephritis phenotype. The validation revealed that within the range of 0.5–32 nmol/L the immunoassay is robust and highly specific for the measurement of rodent endostatin with high sensitivity (LOD 0.24 nmol/L, LLOQ 0.5 nmol/L) and good reproducibility (intra- and inter-assay CV <10%). Also accuracy and dilution linearity were within the range of acceptance. BCL2 transgenic and ETV6/RUNX1;BCL2 double transgenic mice develop a glomerulonephritis phenotype over time, which was displayed by staining of kidney sections. Even before full manifestation of disease serum endostatin concentration rises significantly, whereas BUN levels just slightly increase. This newly developed and commercially available ELISA provides a reliable and accurate tool for the quantification of mouse and rat endostatin and may give new perspectives in the investigation of the role of endostatin as an important and early biomarker for reduced kidney function. Measurement of endostatin concentration is recommended to be used as a superior biomarker for chronic kidney disease compared to BUN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Aigner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Eva Bauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Division Pharmacology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
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Pathogenesis of ETV6/RUNX1-positive childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and mechanisms underlying its relapse. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35445-35459. [PMID: 28418909 PMCID: PMC5471068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ETV6/RUNX1 (E/R) is the most common fusion gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Multiple lines of evidence imply a “two-hit” model for the molecular pathogenesis of E/R-positive ALL, whereby E/R rearrangement is followed by a series of secondary mutations that trigger overt leukemia. The cellular framework in which E/R arises and the maintenance of a pre-leukemic condition by E/R are fundamental to the mechanism that underlies leukemogenesis. Accordingly, a variety of studies have focused on the relationship between the clones giving rise to the primary and recurrent E/R-positive ALL. We review here the most recent insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying E/R-positive ALL, as well as the molecular abnormalities prevailing at relapse.
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Modeling the process of childhood ETV6-RUNX1 B-cell leukemias. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102674-102680. [PMID: 29254279 PMCID: PMC5731989 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ETV6-RUNX1 is associated with the most common subtype of childhood leukemia. Pre-leukaemic clones carrying ETV6-RUNX1 oncogenic lesions are frequently found in neonatal cord blood, but only few ETV6-RUNX1 carriers develop pB-ALL. The highly demanding and pending challenge is to reveal the multistep natural history of ETV6-RUNX1 pB-ALL, because it can offer non-toxic prophylactic interventions to preleukemic carriers. However, the lack of a genetically engineered ETV6-RUNX1 mouse model mimicking the human pB-ALL has hampered our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. This rule has now been broken in a study of the effect of the ETV6-RUNX1 oncogene in cancer development in a mouse model in which oncogene expression is restricted to the stem cell compartment. In this article, we review the different attempts to model this disease, including the recent representative success stories and we discuss its potential application to both identify etiologic factors of childhood ETV6-RUNX1 pB-ALL and prevent the conversion of a preleukemic clone in an irreversible transformed state.
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