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Shang S, Zhang L, Liu K, Lv M, Zhang J, Ju D, Wei D, Sun Z, Wang P, Yuan J, Zhu Z. Landscape of targeted therapies for advanced urothelial carcinoma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:641-677. [PMID: 38966172 PMCID: PMC11220318 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most common malignancy globally. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a major type of BC, and advanced UC (aUC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes and limited survival rates. Current options for aUC treatment mainly include chemotherapy and immunotherapy. These options have moderate efficacy and modest impact on overall survival and thus highlight the need for novel therapeutic approaches. aUC patients harbor a high tumor mutation burden and abundant molecular alterations, which are the basis for targeted therapies. Erdafitinib is currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved targeted therapy for aUC. Many potential targeted therapeutics aiming at other molecular alterations are under investigation. This review summarizes the current understanding of molecular alterations associated with aUC targeted therapy. It also comprehensively discusses the related interventions for treatment in clinical research and the potential of using novel targeted drugs in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Shang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kepu Liu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Maoxin Lv
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 65000, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongen Ju
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Di Wei
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zelong Sun
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pinxiao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
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Hsu HL, Lin BJ, Lin YC, Tu CC, Nguyen NL, Wang CC, Chen MC, Chen CH. Cucurbitacin E Exerts Anti-Proliferative Activity via Promoting p62-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8138-8151. [PMID: 37886957 PMCID: PMC10605876 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the first-line treatment for advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, NSCLC patients with wild-type EGFR and KRAS mutation are ineligible for EGFR-TKIs. Therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic agents is urgently needed for NSCLC patients who cannot receive targeted therapies. Natural products possess tremendous chemical diversity and have been extensively investigated for their anticancer activity. In this study, we found that Cucurbitacin E (Cu E), a triterpene of cucurbitacins widely presented in the edible plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, significantly inhibits the viability and proliferation of A549 cells that harbor wild-type EGFR and KRAS mutation. Our results revealed that Cu E increases cell-cycle arrest at G2/M and subG1 phase. Mechanistically, Cu E significantly inhibits the phosphorylation and protein levels of regulatory proteins and hinders G2/M cell-cycle progression. Meanwhile, the treatment of Cu E resulted in DNA damage response and apoptosis. For the first time, we observed that Cu E induces incomplete autophagy as evidenced by increased LC3B-II expression and p62-accumulation. Knockdown of p62 rescued the cells from Cu E-mediated anti-proliferative effect, apoptosis, DNA damage, and ROS production. These findings suggest that Cu E is a promising drug candidate for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jyun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Nham-Linh Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, HCMC University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research, Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research, Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Zheng J, Zhang W, Li L, He Y, Wei Y, Dang Y, Nie S, Guo Z. Signaling Pathway and Small-Molecule Drug Discovery of FGFR: A Comprehensive Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:860985. [PMID: 35494629 PMCID: PMC9046545 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.860985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a groundbreaking innovation for cancer treatment. Among the receptor tyrosine kinases, the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) garnered substantial attention as promising therapeutic targets due to their fundamental biological functions and frequently observed abnormality in tumors. In the past 2 decades, several generations of FGFR kinase inhibitors have been developed. This review starts by introducing the biological basis of FGF/FGFR signaling. It then gives a detailed description of different types of small-molecule FGFR inhibitors according to modes of action, followed by a systematic overview of small-molecule-based therapies of different modalities. It ends with our perspectives for the development of novel FGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shenyou Nie
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zufeng Guo
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Catarzi D, Varano F, Vigiani E, Lambertucci C, Spinaci A, Volpini R, Colotta V. Casein Kinase 1δ Inhibitors as Promising Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4698-4737. [PMID: 35232339 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220301115124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 (CK1) belongs to the serine-threonine kinase family and is expressed in all eukaryotic organisms. At least six human isoforms of CK1 (termed α, γ1-3, δ and ε) have been cloned and characterized. CK1 isoform modulates several physiological processes, including DNA damage repair, circadian rhythm, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, CK1 dysfunction may trigger diverse pathologies, such as cancer, inflammation and central nervous system disorders. Overexpression and aberrant activity of CK1 has been connected to hyperphosphorylation of key proteins implicated in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Thus, CK1 inhibitors have attracted attention as potential drugs for these pathologies and several compounds have been synthesized or isolated from natural sources to be evaluated for their CK1 inhibitory activity. Here we report a comprehensive review on the development of CK1 inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on structure-activity relationships and computational studies which provide useful insight for the design of novel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Erica Vigiani
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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5
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Hsieh TH, Liang ML, Zheng JH, Lin YC, Yang YC, Vo TH, Liou JP, Yen Y, Chen CH. Combining an Autophagy Inhibitor, MPT0L145, with Abemaciclib Is a New Therapeutic Strategy in GBM Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236117. [PMID: 34885226 PMCID: PMC8656550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in the world, only 25% of GBM patients were alive one year after diagnosis. Although Temozolamide combined with radiation therapy more effectively prolonged the survival rate than radiation alone, the overall survival rate is still dismal. Therefore, a new therapeutic strategy is urgently needed. CDK4/6 inhibitors are newly FDA-approved agents to treat HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced, and metastatic breast cancers, and preclinical results showed that CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly reduced cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, several studies have suggested that CDK4/6 inhibitor-induced non-genetic changes caused treatment failure, including autophagy activation. Therefore, this study aimed to combine an autophagy inhibitor, MPT0L145, with abemaciclib to improve therapeutic efficiency. The use of abemaciclib effectively inhibited cell proliferation via suppression of RB phosphorylation and induced autophagy activation in GBM cancer cells. MPT0L145 treatment alone not only blocked autophagy activation, but also induced generation of ROS and DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, MPT0L145 had a comparable penetration ability to TMZ in our blood brain barrier permeability assay. Combined MPT0L145 with abemaciclib significantly reduced cell proliferation, suppressed RB phosphorylation, and increased ROS production. In conclusion, the data suggested that blocking autophagy by MPT0L145 synergistically sensitized GBM cancer cells to abemaciclib and represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treating GBM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (J.-H.Z.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Lii Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Huei Zheng
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (J.-H.Z.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (J.-H.Z.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Thanh-Hoa Vo
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yun Yen
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +88-62-2736-1661 (ext. 1588) (Y.Y.); +88-62-2736-1661 (ext. 3195) (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +88-62-2736-1661 (ext. 1588) (Y.Y.); +88-62-2736-1661 (ext. 3195) (C.-H.C.)
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Aytatli A, Barlak N, Sanli F, Caglar HO, Gundogdu B, Tatar A, Ittmann M, Karatas OF. AZD4547 targets the FGFR/Akt/SOX2 axis to overcome paclitaxel resistance in head and neck cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 45:41-56. [PMID: 34837170 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Development of chemoresistance is one of the major obstacles to the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The PI3K/Akt pathway, involved in drug resistance, has been found to be overactivated in > 90% of HNSCCs. Aberrant activation of the FGF receptors (FGFRs) has been reported to cause overactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and to be associated with the maintenance of stem cell features, which is controlled via SOX2 expression. In this study, we aimed at investigating the potential of using AZD4547, an orally bioavailable FGFR inhibitor, to overcome taxol-resistance by targeting the FGFR/Akt/SOX2 axis in HNSCC. METHODS We initially evaluated FGFR2 and SOX2 expression using in silico tools. We analyzed the FGFR/Akt/SOX2 axis in normal/tumor tissue pairs and in recombinant FGF2 treated HNSCC cells. Next, we explored the effects of AZD4547 alone and in combination with taxol on the proliferation, migration and colony forming capacities of parental/taxol-resistant cells using in vitro models. RESULTS We found that the p-FGFR, p-AKT, p-GSK-3β and SOX2 expression levels were higher in tumor tissues than in its corresponding normal tissues, and that AZD4547 effectively suppressed the expression of FGFR and its downstream targets in recombinant FGF2 treated HNSCC cells. We also found that AZD4547 diminished the viability, migration and colony forming capacity of HNSCC cells, and that co-treatment with taxol potentiated the impact of taxol on these cells. Finally, we found that AZD4547 inhibited the overexpressed FGFR/Akt/SOX2 axis and profoundly suppressed cancer-related phenotypes in taxol-resistant HNSCC cells. CONCLUSION From our data we conclude that AZD4547 may increase the impact of taxol during HNSCC treatment. We suggest AZD4547 as a therapeutic agent to overcome taxol-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmelik Aytatli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Omer Nasuhi Bilmen Mah. Havaalani Yolu Cad. No: 53 Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Neslisah Barlak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Omer Nasuhi Bilmen Mah. Havaalani Yolu Cad. No: 53 Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sanli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Omer Nasuhi Bilmen Mah. Havaalani Yolu Cad. No: 53 Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Onur Caglar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Omer Nasuhi Bilmen Mah. Havaalani Yolu Cad. No: 53 Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Betul Gundogdu
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Tatar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Omer Nasuhi Bilmen Mah. Havaalani Yolu Cad. No: 53 Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey.
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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7
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Recent advances of dual FGFR inhibitors as a novel therapy for cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113205. [PMID: 33556787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) includes four highly conserved transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFR1-4). FGF and FGFR regulate many biological processes, such as angiogenesis, wound healing and tissue regeneration. The abnormal expression of FGFR is related to the tumorigenesis, tumor progression and drug resistance of anti-tumor treatments in many types of tumors. Nowadays there are many anti-cancer drugs targeting FGFR. However, traditional single-target anti-tumor drugs are easy to acquire drug resistance. The therapeutic effect can be enhanced by simultaneously inhibiting FGFR and another target (such as VEGFR, EGFR, PI3K, CSF-1R, etc.). We know drug combination can bring problems such as drug interactions. Therefore, the development of FGFR dual target inhibitors is an important direction. In this paper, we reviewed the research on dual FGFR inhibitors in recent years and made brief comments on them.
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8
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Banella C, Ginevrino M, Catalano G, Fabiani E, Falconi G, Divona M, Curzi P, Panetta P, Voso MT, Noguera NI. Absence of FGFR3-TACC3 rearrangement in hematological malignancies with numerical chromosomal alteration. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2020; 14:163-168. [PMID: 32199932 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFR-TACC, found in different tumor types, is characterized by the fusion of a member of fibroblast grown factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) family to a member of the transforming acidic coiled-coil (TACC) proteins. Because chromosome numerical alterations, hallmarks of FGFR-TACC fusions are present in many hematological disorders and there are no data on the prevalence, we studied a series of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome who presented numerical alterations using cytogenetic traditional analysis. None of the analyzed samples showed FGFR3-TACC3 gene fusion, so screening for this mutation at diagnosis is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Banella
- Neuro-oncohematology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ginevrino
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Deparment of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Catalano
- Neuro-oncohematology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - E Fabiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Falconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Divona
- Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - P Curzi
- Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - P Panetta
- Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M T Voso
- Neuro-oncohematology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - N I Noguera
- Neuro-oncohematology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Marseglia G, Lodola A, Mor M, Castelli R. Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors: patent review (2015-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:965-977. [PMID: 31679402 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1688300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family of tyrosine-kinase receptors whose signaling cascade regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Deregulation of the FGFR pathway is recognized as a driving factor in tumor development. On this basis, FGFR is an attractive target for anti-cancer small-molecule therapeutic agents.Areas covered: This review summarizes patent and literature publications spanning from 2015 to 2019 pertaining to small-molecule FGFR kinase inhibitors.Expert opinion: The first generation of non-covalent FGFR inhibitors is characterized by a broad spectrum of activity and a relatively high toxicity profile. The second generation of FGFR inhibitors shows higher selectivity and a more favorable toxicity profile, but the clinical use appears restricted only to small subsets of cancers strongly dependent on FGFR signaling. Nevertheless, erdafitinib has been approved for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma, becoming the first marketed selective FGFR inhibitor. The insurgence of mutant kinases, resistant to available therapies, has led to the development of irreversible FGFR inhibitors. The adoption of safer and more selective covalent inhibitors might supersede reversible inhibitors in specific therapeutic areas. Alternative strategies, such as FGF trapping by protein or small-molecule therapeutics, deserve attention and further investigations to unravel their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Volynets G, Lukashov S, Borysenko I, Gryshchenko A, Starosyla S, Bdzhola V, Ruban T, Iatsyshyna A, Lukash L, Bilokin Y, Yarmoluk S. Identification of protein kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitors among the derivatives of 5-(5,6-dimethoxybenzimidazol-1-yl)-3-hydroxythiophene-2-carboxylic acid. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Chen CH, Hsieh TH, Lin YC, Liu YR, Liou JP, Yen Y. Targeting Autophagy by MPT0L145, a Highly Potent PIK3C3 Inhibitor, Provides Synergistic Interaction to Targeted or Chemotherapeutic Agents in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091345. [PMID: 31514441 PMCID: PMC6770340 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer therapies reportedly promote pro-survival autophagy in cancer cells that confers drug resistance, rationalizing the concept to combine autophagy inhibitors to increase their therapeutic potential. We previously identified that MPT0L145 is a PIK3C3/FGFR inhibitor that not only increases autophagosome formation due to fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibition but also perturbs autophagic flux via PIK3C3 inhibition in bladder cancer cells harboring FGFR activation. In this study, we hypothesized that combined-use of MPT0L145 with agents that induce pro-survival autophagy may provide synthetic lethality in cancer cells without FGFR activation. The results showed that MPT0L145 synergistically sensitizes anticancer effects of gefitinib and gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells, respectively. Mechanistically, drug combination increased incomplete autophagy due to impaired PIK3C3 function by MPT0L145 as evidenced by p62 accumulation and no additional apoptotic cell death was observed. Meanwhile, drug combination perturbed survival pathways and increased vacuolization and ROS production in cancer cells. In conclusion, the data suggest that halting pro-survival autophagy by targeting PIK3C3 with MPT0L145 significantly sensitizes cancer cells to targeted or chemotherapeutic agents, fostering rational combination strategies for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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12
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Synthesis and evaluation of novel 7 H-pyrrolo-[2,3- d]pyrimidine derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:959-974. [PMID: 30789758 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Bladder cancer is a highly recurrent urologic malignancy with limited treatment approaches. Previously, we reported compound 11 is a FGFR3 inhibitor with significant antibladder cancer activity. Materials & methods: In this study, a series of 7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized through ring formation and modification of compound 11 for anticancer activity evaluation. Results: Compound 13i is the most effective agent against human RT-112 bladder cancer cells. Notably, 13i strongly inhibits CK1δ without affecting FGFR3 activity. We generated 13i HCl to increase solubility and showed profound cell cycle accumulation at the sub-G1 phase and apoptosis in CK1δ-overexpressed bladder and ovarian cancer cells. Conclusion: These results indicate that compound 13i could be a lead compound for further development of novel anticancer agents.
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13
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Yang C, Wu S, Wu X, Zhou X, Jin S, Jiang H. Silencing circular RNA UVRAG inhibits bladder cancer growth and metastasis by targeting the microRNA-223/fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 axis. Cancer Sci 2018; 110:99-106. [PMID: 30387298 PMCID: PMC6317955 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA UVRAG (circUVRAG), a type of non-coding RNA, is derived and cyclized by part of the exon from the UVRAG gene. However, the role of circUVRAG in bladder cancer (BLCA) has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was therefore to characterize the role of circUVRAG in BLCA. Bioinformatics analysis showed interactive relationships among circUVRAG, microRNA-223 (miR-223), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of circUVRAG in BLCA cell lines. UM-UC-3 cells were stably transfected with siRNA against circUVRAG, and cell proliferation and migration ability were tested using the CCK8 assay, clone formation, and Transwell assays in vitro. Tumor xenograft formation and metastasis were determined using nude mice. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to confirm the subcellular localization of circUVRAG, and the luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the relationships among circUVRAG, miR-223, and FGFR2. Results showed that circUVRAG was upregulated in BLCA cell lines. Downregulation of circUVRAG expression suppressed proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of circUVRAG suppressed FGFR2 expression by "sponging" miR-223, which was confirmed by rescue experiments and luciferase reporter assay. Overall, the results showed that downregulation of circUVRAG suppressed the aggressive biological phenotype of BLCA. Taken together, silencing circular RNA UVRAG inhibited bladder cancer growth and metastasis by targeting the miR-223/FGFR2 axis, which may provide a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the management of BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejian Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengming Jin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Sun E, Liu K, Zhao K, Wang L. Serine/threonine kinase 32C is overexpressed in bladder cancer and contributes to tumor progression. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:307-320. [PMID: 30359551 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor markers of bladder cancer (BC) have been investigated for many years, but the clinical treatment based on these biomarkers is still unsatisfactory. STK32C, a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase of AGC superfamily, was first found to be highly expressed in brain tissues; however, the role of STK32C in malignant disease has not been determined. Data from TCGA database showed that the STK32C gene is overexpressed in BC and a number of other human tumors. In the current study, immunohistochemistry revealed that high expression of STK32C protein in tumor tissues was significantly associated with poor clinico pathologic features and a short relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with BC. Slicing of STK32C inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. In vivo animal experiments demonstrated that knocking-down of STK32C restricted the growth of tumor cells in mice. Finally, microarray analysis revealed that silencing of STK32C inhibited the activity of the HMGB1 pathway and regulated the expression of key genes in this pathway. In conclusion, our study showed novel promoting roles for STK32C in human tumors, which may provide a new therapeutic target for the patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlin Sun
- a Department of Urology, Tianjin institute of urology , The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Kangkang Liu
- a Department of Urology, Tianjin institute of urology , The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhao
- a Department of Urology, Tianjin institute of urology , The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Lining Wang
- a Department of Urology, Tianjin institute of urology , The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , P.R. China
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15
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Ahmad F, Mahal V, Verma G, Bhatia S, Das BR. Molecular investigation of FGFR3 gene mutation and its correlation with clinicopathological findings in Indian bladder cancer patients. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2018; 1:e1130. [PMID: 32721083 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular alteration of FGFR3 gene is the most common genetic event currently known in bladder cancer. Notably, FGFR3 mutation has emerged as a promising molecular biomarker for recurrence, prognosis, and therapeutic target in bladder cancer. AIM The present study explored the frequency and distribution pattern of FGFR3 mutation in 100 Indian bladder cancer patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Exons 7, 10, and 15 were subjected to nested PCR followed by bidirectional sequencing of the PCR products. Overall, FGFR3 gene mutations were identified in 19 bladder cancer patients (19%, 19 of 100). Most of the mutations were noted in exon 7 (15%), followed by exon 10 (4%). All mutations detected were missense in nature affecting amino acids at codons 248, 249, and 373. The S249C mutations were the most recurrent mutation seen in exon 7, while Y373C was commonly observed in exon 10. In contrast to exons 7 and 10, no mutations were seen in exon 15 in this study. Females and older age patients tend to show increased frequency of FGFR3 mutations. Furthermore, FGFR3 mutations were more common in low pathological stage (6/20 pTa and 13/71 pT1) and low-grade tumors (13/46). This predominance in low-grade tumors were significantly high in comparison to high-grade tumor (P = .04). Likewise, FGFR3 mutations were significantly higher in well-differentiated tumors (32.6%, 14/43) in comparison to moderately differentiated tumors (11.3%, 5/44), and poorly differentiated tumor (0%, 0/13) (P = .007). No other association of FGFR3 with tumor size, necrosis, and variant histology was noted. CONCLUSIONS The current study highlights the spectrum of FGFR3 mutation in Indian patients, and the data presented here are similar to those reported from across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Ahmad
- Research and Development, SRL Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Vishal Mahal
- Research and Development, SRL Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Geeta Verma
- Histopathology Division, SRL Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Simi Bhatia
- Histopathology Division, SRL Ltd, Mumbai, India
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16
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Bellmunt J, Lalani AKA, Jacobus S, Wankowicz SA, Polacek L, Takeda DY, Harshman LC, Wagle N, Moreno I, Lundgren K, Bossé D, Van Allen EM, Choueiri TK, Rosenberg JE. Everolimus and pazopanib (E/P) benefit genomically selected patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:707-712. [PMID: 30220708 PMCID: PMC6173710 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is a genomically diverse disease with known alterations in the mTOR pathway and tyrosine kinases including FGFR. We investigated the efficacy and safety of combination treatment with everolimus and pazopanib (E/P) in genomically profiled patients with mUC. METHODS mUC patients enrolled on a Phase I dose escalation study and an expansion cohort treated with E/P were included. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR); secondary end points were safety, duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients were assessed for mutations and copy number alterations in 300 relevant cancer-associated genes using next-generation sequencing and findings were correlated with outcomes. Time-to-event data were estimated with Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS Of the 23 patients enrolled overall, 19 had mUC. ORR was 21% (one complete response (CR), three partial responses (PR), eight with stable disease (SD). DOR, PFS and OS were 6.5, 3.6, and 9.1 months, respectively. Four patients with clinical benefit (one CR, two PR, one SD) had mutations in TSC1/TSC2 or mTOR and a 5th patient with PR had a FGFR3-TACC3 fusion. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy with E/P is safe in mUC and select patients with alterations in mTOR or FGFR pathways derive significant clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Bellmunt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Htal Del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aly-Khan A Lalani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sussana Jacobus
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Laura Polacek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Y Takeda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren C Harshman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil Wagle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Irene Moreno
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin Lundgren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominick Bossé
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Xie Z, Cheng D, Luo L, Shen G, Pan S, Pan Y, Chen B, Wang X, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Ye F. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-bromo-N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzamide derivatives as novel FGFR1 inhibitors for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:905-919. [PMID: 29734851 PMCID: PMC6009922 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1460824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-bromo-N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzamide derivatives were designed and synthesised as novel fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) inhibitors. We found that one of the most promising compounds, C9, inhibited five non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with FGFR1 amplification, including NCI-H520, NCI-H1581, NCI-H226, NCI-H460 and NCI-H1703. Moreover, the IC50 values for the compound C9 were 1.36 ± 0.27 µM, 1.25 ± 0. 23 µM, 2.31 ± 0.41 µM, 2.14 ± 0.36 µM and 1.85 ± 0.32 µM, respectively. The compound C9 arrested the cell cycle at the G2 phase in NSCLC cell lines. The compound C9 also induced cellular apoptosis and inhibited the phosphorylation of FGFR1, PLCγ1 and ERK in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, molecular docking experiments showed that compound C9 binds to FGFR1 to form six hydrogen bonds. Taken together, our data suggested that the compound C9 represented a promising lead compound-targeting FGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Xie
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Donghua Cheng
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Lu Luo
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Guoliang Shen
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Suwei Pan
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yaqian Pan
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Bo Chen
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xuebao Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Faqing Ye
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
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18
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Chen CH, Changou CA, Hsieh TH, Lee YC, Chu CY, Hsu KC, Wang HC, Lin YC, Lo YN, Liu YR, Liou JP, Yen Y. Dual Inhibition of PIK3C3 and FGFR as a New Therapeutic Approach to Treat Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1176-1189. [PMID: 29222162 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: MPT0L145 has been developed as a FGFR inhibitor exhibiting significant anti-bladder cancer activity in vitro and in vivo via promoting autophagy-dependent cell death. Here, we aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Experimental Design: Autophagy flux, morphology, and intracellular organelles were evaluated by Western blotting, transmission electron microscope, and fluorescence microscope. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance assay were performed to identify drug-protein interaction. Lentiviral delivery of cDNA or shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing was used to modulate gene expression. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate was measured by a Seahorse XFe24 extracellular flux analyzer, and ROS level was measured by flow cytometry.Results: MPT0L145 persistently increased incomplete autophagy and phase-lucent vacuoles at the perinuclear region, which were identified as enlarged and alkalinized late-endosomes. Screening of a panel of lipid kinases revealed that MPT0L145 strongly inhibits PIK3C3 with a Kd value of 0.53 nmol/L. Ectopic expression of PIK3C3 reversed MPT0L145-increased cell death and incomplete autophagy. Four residues (Y670, F684, I760, D761) at the ATP-binding site of PIK3C3 are important for the binding of MPT0L145. In addition, MPT0L145 promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production, and DNA damage, which may in part, contribute to cell death. ATG5-knockout rescued MPT0L145-induced cell death, suggesting simultaneous induction of autophagy is crucial to its anticancer activity. Finally, our data demonstrated that MPT0L145 is able to overcome cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer cells.Conclusions: MPT0L145 is a first-in-class PIK3C3/FGFR inhibitor, providing an innovative strategy to design new compounds that increase autophagy, but simultaneously perturb its process to promote bladder cancer cell death. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1176-89. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun A Changou
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Chu
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ching Wang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ni Lo
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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