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Dai X, Xue P, Bian L. Molecular recognition and interaction between human plasminogen Kringle 5 and A2M domain in human complement C5 by biospecific methods coupled with molecular dynamics simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132356. [PMID: 38754659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The potent angiogenesis inhibitor known as human plasminogen Kringle 5 has shown promise in the treatment of vascular disorders and malignancies. The study aimed to investigate the recognition and interaction between Kringle 5 and the A2M domain of human complement component C5 using bio-specific methodologies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Initially, the specific interaction between Kringle 5 and A2M was confirmed and characterized through Ligand Blot and ELISA, yielding the dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.70 × 10-7 mol/L. Then, Kringle 5 showcased a dose-dependent inhibition of the production of C5a in lung cancer A549 cells, consequently impeding their proliferation and migration. Following the utilization of frontal affinity chromatography (FAC), it was revealed that there exists a singular binding site with the binding constant (Ka) of 3.79 × 105 L/mol. Following the implementation of homology modeling and MD optimization, the detailed results indicate that only a specific segment of the N-terminal structure of the A2M molecule engages in interaction with Kringle 5 throughout the binding process and the principal driving forces encompass electrostatic force, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals force. In conclusion, the A2M domain of human complement C5 emerges as a plausible binding target for Kringle 5 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufen Dai
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Pengli Xue
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Liujiao Bian
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Liu T, Chen J, Liu AA, Chen L, Liang X, Peng JF, Zheng MH, Li JD, Cao YB, Shao CH. Identifying Liver Metastasis-Related Genes Through a Coexpression Network to Construct a 5-Gene Model for Predicting Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patient Prognosis. Pancreas 2023; 52:e151-e162. [PMID: 37523607 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a liver metastasis-related gene prognostic index (LMPI) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma prognosis and therapy. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas data set was used to identify liver metastasis-related hub genes via weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The core genes were identified to construct an LMPI by using the Cox regression method. An immune cell abundance identifier was applied to determine the immune cell abundance. RESULTS A total of 78 hub liver metastasis-related genes in the black module were significantly enriched in complement and coagulation cascades, fat digestion and absorption, and the PPAR signaling pathway. Then, an LMPI was constructed on the basis of the 5 prognostic genes (MOGAT3, ASGR1, TRPM8, SGSM1, and LOC101927851). Patients with higher LMPI scores had poor overall survival, more co-occurring or mutually exclusive pairs of driver gene mutations, and less benefit from immunotherapy than patients with lower LMPI scores. In addition, a high correlation was also found between LMPI scores and immune infiltration, such as CD4 naive, CD8 T, cytotoxic T, T helper 2, follicular helper T, and natural killer cells. CONCLUSIONS The core genes of the LMPI developed may be independent factors for predicting prognosis, immune characteristics, and immunotherapy efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - An-An Liu
- Department of Pancreatic-biliary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Pancreatic-biliary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Xing Liang
- Department of Pancreatic-biliary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Jun-Feng Peng
- Department of Pancreatic-biliary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- Department of Pancreatic-biliary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Ju-Dong Li
- Department of Pancreatic-biliary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai
| | | | - Cheng-Hao Shao
- Department of Pancreatic-biliary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai
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Inoue M, Kim M, Inoue T, Tait M, Byrne T, Nitschké M, Murer P, Cha H, Subramanian A, De Silva N, Chiaverotti T, McDonald DM. Oncolytic vaccinia virus injected intravenously sensitizes pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and metastases to immune checkpoint blockade. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:299-318. [PMID: 35118189 PMCID: PMC8783073 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the influence of intravenous (i.v.) oncolytic vaccinia virus mpJX-594 (mpJX) on antitumor activity of anti-programmed death receptor-1 antibody (aPD1) in functional and metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). One i.v. dose of mpJX, engineered for mice with the same plasmid design as clinical virus Pexa-Vec, was administered alone or with repeated dosing of aPD1 (mpJX+aPD1) to two contrasting genetic models of PanNET: one developing benign insulin-secreting tumors (RIP1-Tag2;C57BL/6J mice) and the other developing liver metastases (RIP1-Tag2;AB6F1 mice). Experiments revealed that aPD1 had synergistic actions with mpJX on CD8+ T cell and natural killer (NK) cell influx, apoptosis, and suppression of proliferation in PanNETs. After mpJX+aPD1, the 53-fold increase in apoptosis (5 days) and 85% reduction in proliferation (20 days) exceeded the sum of mpJX and aPD1 given separately. mpJX+aPD1 also stabilized blood insulin and glucose in mice with functional PanNETs, regressed liver metastases in mice with aggressive PanNETs, and prolonged survival of both. The findings revealed that mpJX+aPD1 converted “cold” PanNETs into immunogenic tumors with widespread cytotoxic T cell influx, tumor cell killing, and suppression of proliferation. Reduction of tumor insulin secretion from functional PanNETs prolonged survival, and anti-metastatic actions on aggressive PanNETs reduced the metastatic burden to less than before treatment. The findings support the efficacy of the vaccinia virus with aPD1 for functional and metastatic PanNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko Inoue
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Minah Kim
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Tomoyoshi Inoue
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Madeline Tait
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Thomas Byrne
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Maximilian Nitschké
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Patrizia Murer
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Howard Cha
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Aishwarya Subramanian
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Naomi De Silva
- SillaJen Biotherapeutics Inc., San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
| | | | - Donald M McDonald
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
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Carpizo DR, Harris CR. Genetic Drivers of Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205070. [PMID: 34680217 PMCID: PMC8533727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although ileal neuroendocrine tumors are the most common tumors of the small intestine, they are not well-defined at the genetic level. Unlike most cancers, they have an unusually low number of mutations, and also lack recurrently mutated genes. Moreover ileal NETs have been difficult to study in the laboratory because there were no animal models and because cell lines were generally unavailable. But recent advances, including the first ileal NET mouse model as well as methods for culturing patient tumor samples, have been described and have already helped to identify IGF2 and CDK4 as two of the genetic drivers for this tumor type. These advances may help in the development of new treatments for patients. Abstract The genetic causes of ileal neuroendocrine tumors (ileal NETs, or I-NETs) have been a mystery. For most types of tumors, key genes were revealed by large scale genomic sequencing that demonstrated recurrent mutations of specific oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In contrast, genomic sequencing of ileal NETs demonstrated a distinct lack of recurrently mutated genes, suggesting that the mechanisms that drive the formation of I-NETs may be quite different than the cell-intrinsic mutations that drive the formation of other tumor types. However, recent mouse studies have identified the IGF2 and RB1 pathways in the formation of ileal NETs, which is supported by the subsequent analysis of patient samples. Thus, ileal NETs no longer appear to be a cancer without genetic causes.
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O’Brien RM, Cannon A, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J, Lynam-Lennon N. Complement in Tumourigenesis and the Response to Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1209. [PMID: 33802004 PMCID: PMC7998562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our knowledge of the complement system beyond innate immunity has progressed significantly. A modern understanding is that the complement system has a multifaceted role in malignancy, impacting carcinogenesis, the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype and response to therapies. The ability of local immune cells to produce and respond to complement components has provided valuable insights into their regulation, and the subsequent remodeling of the tumour microenvironment. These novel discoveries have advanced our understanding of the immunosuppressive mechanisms supporting tumour growth and uncovered potential therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current understanding of complement in cancer, outlining both direct and immune cell-mediated roles. The role of complement in response to therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy is also presented. While complement activities are largely context and cancer type-dependent, it is evident that promising therapeutic avenues have been identified, in particular in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. O’Brien
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Aoife Cannon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
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Yuan Z, Gardiner JC, Maggi EC, Huang S, Adem A, Li G, Lee S, Slegowski D, Exarchakis A, Howe JR, Lattime EC, Zang X, Libutti SK. B7 immune-checkpoints as targets for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:135-149. [PMID: 33410766 PMCID: PMC8486311 DOI: 10.1530/erc-20-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The B7 family, and their receptors, the CD28 family, are major immune checkpoints that regulate T-cell activation and function. In the present study, we explore the role of two B7 immune-checkpoints: HERV-H LTR-Associating Protein 2 (HHLA2) and B7 Family Member, H4 (B7x), in the progression of gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GINETs and PNETs). We demonstrated that both HHLA2 and B7x were expressed to a high degree in human GINETs and PNETs. We determined that the expression of B7x and HHLA2 correlates with higher grade and higher incidence of nodal and distant spread. Furthermore, we confirmed that HIF-1α overexpression is associated with the upregulation of B7x both in our in vivo (animal model) and in vitro (cell culture) models. When grown in vitro, islet tumor β-cells lack B7x expression, unless cultured under hypoxic conditions, which results in both hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) and B7x upregulation. In vivo, we demonstrated that Men1/B7x double knockout (KO) mice (with loss of B7x expression) exhibited decreased islet β-cell proliferation and tumor transformation accompanied by increased T-cell infiltration compared with Men1 single knockout mice. We have also shown that systemic administration of a B7x mAb to our Men1 KO mice with PNETs promotes an antitumor response mediated by increased T-cell infiltration. These findings suggest that B7x may be a critical mediator of tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment of NETs. Therefore, targeting B7x offers an attractive strategy for the immunotherapy of patients suffering from NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Yuan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Juliet C. Gardiner
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Elaine C. Maggi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Shuyu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Asha Adem
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Guiying Li
- Department of Surgery, Roy J and Lucille A. Carver University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa city, Iowa
| | - Sylvia Lee
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel Slegowski
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Alyssa Exarchakis
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - James R. Howe
- Department of Surgery, Roy J and Lucille A. Carver University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa city, Iowa
| | - Edmund C. Lattime
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Steven K. Libutti
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Loss of copy of MIR1-2 increases CDK4 expression in ileal neuroendocrine tumors. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:37. [PMID: 32198354 PMCID: PMC7083839 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ileal neuroendocrine tumors (I-NETs) are the most common tumors of the small intestine. Although I-NETs are known for a lack of recurrently mutated genes, a majority of tumors do show loss of one copy of chromosome 18. Among the genes on chromosome 18 is MIR1-2, which encodes a microRNA, MIR1-3p, with high complementarity to the mRNA of CDK4. Here we show that transfection of neuroendocrine cell lines with MIR1-3p lowered CDK4 expression and activity, and arrested growth at the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Loss of copy of MIR1-2 in ileal neuroendocrine tumors associated with increased expression of CDK4. Genetic events that attenuated RB activity, including loss of copy of MIR1-2 as well as loss of copy of CDKN1B and CDKN2A, were more frequent in tumors from patients with metastatic I-NETs. These data suggest that inhibitors of CDK4/CDK6 may benefit patients whose I-NETs show loss of copy of MIR1-2, particularly patients with metastatic disease.
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Alleles of Insm1 determine whether RIP1-Tag2 mice produce insulinomas or nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:16. [PMID: 30796198 PMCID: PMC6386750 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The two most common types of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are insulinomas and nonfunctioning PanNETs (NF-PanNETs). Insulinomas are small, rarely metastatic tumors that secrete high amounts of insulin, and nonfunctioning PanNETs are larger tumors that are frequently metastatic but that do not secrete hormones. Insulinomas are modeled by the highly studied RIP1-Tag2 (RT2) transgenic mice when bred into a C57Bl/6 (B6) genetic background (also known as RT2 B6 mice). But there has been a need for an animal model of nonfunctioning PanNETs, which in the clinic are a more common and severe disease. Here we show that when bred into a hybrid AB6F1 genetic background, RT2 mice make nonfunctioning PanNETs. Compared to insulinomas produced by RT2 B6 mice, the tumors produced by RT2 AB6F1 mice were larger and more metastatic, and the animals did not suffer from hypoglycemia or hyperinsulinemia. Genetic crosses revealed that a locus in mouse chromosome 2qG1 was linked to liver metastasis and to lack of insulin production. This locus was tightly linked to the gene encoding Insm1, a beta cell transcription factor that was highly expressed in human insulinomas but unexpressed in other types of PanNETs due to promoter hypermethylation. Insm1-deficient human cell lines expressed stem cell markers, were more invasive in vitro, and metastasized at higher rates in vivo when compared to isogenic Insm1-expressing cell lines. These data demonstrate that expression of Insm1 can determine whether a PanNET is a localized insulinoma or a metastatic nonfunctioning tumor.
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Reis ES, Mastellos DC, Ricklin D, Mantovani A, Lambris JD. Complement in cancer: untangling an intricate relationship. Nat Rev Immunol 2018; 18:5-18. [PMID: 28920587 PMCID: PMC5816344 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In tumour immunology, complement has traditionally been considered as an adjunctive component that enhances the cytolytic effects of antibody-based immunotherapies, such as rituximab. Remarkably, research in the past decade has uncovered novel molecular mechanisms linking imbalanced complement activation in the tumour microenvironment with inflammation and suppression of antitumour immune responses. These findings have prompted new interest in manipulating the complement system for cancer therapy. This Review summarizes our current understanding of complement-mediated effector functions in the tumour microenvironment, focusing on how complement activation can act as a negative or positive regulator of tumorigenesis. It also offers insight into clinical aspects, including the feasibility of using complement biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and the use of complement inhibitors during cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas University, Rozzano-Milan 20089, Italy
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ajona D, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Pio R. Complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a: Emerging roles in cancer progression and treatment. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:153-163. [PMID: 29155219 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the role of complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a in cancer provide new opportunities for the development of innovative biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. These two complement activation products can maintain chronic inflammation, promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment, induce angiogenesis, and increase the motility and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Still, the diverse heterogeneity of responses mediated by these peptides poses a challenge both to our understanding of the role played by these molecules in cancer progression and to the development of effective treatments. This review attempts to summarize the evidence surrounding the involvement of anaphylatoxins in the biological contexts associated with tumor progression. We also describe the recent developments that support the inhibition of anaphylatoxins, or their cognate receptors C3aR and C5aR1, as a treatment option for maximizing the clinical efficacy of current immunotherapies that target the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain.
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Bettac L, Denk S, Seufferlein T, Huber-Lang M. Complement in Pancreatic Disease-Perpetrator or Savior? Front Immunol 2017; 8:15. [PMID: 28144242 PMCID: PMC5239781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a major pillar of the humoral innate immune system. As a first line of defense against pathogens, it mediates early inflammatory response and links different branches of humoral and cellular immunity. Disorders affecting the exocrine pancreas, such as acute pancreatitis, potentially lead to a life-threatening systemic inflammatory response with aberrant activation of complement and coagulation cascades. Pancreatic proteases can activate key effectors of the complement system, which in turn drive local and systemic inflammation. Beyond that, the extent of pancreas–complement interaction covers complex pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, which to this day remain to be fully elucidated. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiological role of complement in diseases of the exocrine pancreas, based on existing experimental and clinical data. Participation of complement in acute and chronic pancreatitis is addressed, as well as its role in tumor immunology. Therapeutic strategies targeting complement in these diseases have long been proposed but have not yet arrived in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bettac
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Stephanie Denk
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
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