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Laderach DJ, Compagno D. Inhibition of galectins in cancer: Biological challenges for their clinical application. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1104625. [PMID: 36703969 PMCID: PMC9872792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins play relevant roles in tumor development, progression and metastasis. Accordingly, galectins are certainly enticing targets for medical intervention in cancer. To date, however, clinical trials based on galectin inhibitors reported inconclusive results. This review summarizes the galectin inhibitors currently being evaluated and discusses some of the biological challenges that need to be addressed to improve these strategies for the benefit of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego José Laderach
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facutad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina,*Correspondence: Diego José Laderach,
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facutad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jiang Z, Zhang W, Sha G, Wang D, Tang D. Galectins Are Central Mediators of Immune Escape in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225475. [PMID: 36428567 PMCID: PMC9688059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers and is highly immune tolerant. Although there is immune cell infiltration in PDAC tissues, most of the immune cells do not function properly and, therefore, the prognosis of PDAC is very poor. Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are intimately involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells and, in particular, play a crucial role in the immune evasion of tumor cells. Galectins induce abnormal functions and reduce numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), natural killer cells (NK), T cells and B cells. It further promotes fibrosis of tissues surrounding PDAC, enhances local cellular metabolism, and ultimately constructs tumor immune privileged areas to induce immune evasion behavior of tumor cells. Here, we summarize the respective mechanisms of action played by different Galectins in the process of immune escape from PDAC, focusing on the mechanism of action of Galectin-1. Galectins cause imbalance between tumor immunity and anti-tumor immunity by coordinating the function and number of immune cells, which leads to the development and progression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Gengyu Sha
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18952783556
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Jiang Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu T, Xing J, Zhang H, Tang D. Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A New Weapon for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4677-4696. [PMID: 36211025 PMCID: PMC9541303 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s376216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, a major breakthrough in cancer treatment, has been successfully applied to treat a number of tumors. However, given the presence of factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that impede immunotherapy, only a small proportion of patients achieve a good clinical response. With the ability to increase permeability and cross biological barriers, nanomaterials have been successfully applied to deliver immunotherapeutic agents, thus realizing the anti-cancer therapeutic potential of therapeutic agents. This has driven a wave of research into systems for the delivery of immunotherapeutic agents, which has resulted in widespread interest in nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems are able to overcome the challenges from TME and thus achieve good results in cancer immunotherapy. If it can make a breakthrough in improving biocompatibility and reducing cytotoxicity, it will be more widely used in clinical practice. Different types of nanomaterials may also have some subtle differences in enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, delivery systems made of nanomaterials loaded with drugs, such as cytotoxic drugs, cytokines, and adjuvants, could be used for cancer immunotherapy because they avoid the toxicity and side effects associated with these drugs, thereby enabling their reuse. Therefore, further insights into nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems will provide more effective treatment options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Xing
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dong Tang, Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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A comprehensive review on different approaches for tumor targeting using nanocarriers and recent developments with special focus on multifunctional approaches. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Chaudhary B, Kumar P, Arya P, Singla D, Kumar V, Kumar D, S R, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G, Gupta MM. Recent Developments in the Study of the Microenvironment of Cancer and Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:1027-1053. [PMID: 36627789 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230110145513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by disrupted molecular variables caused by cells that deviate from regular signal transduction. The uncontrolled segment of such cancerous cells annihilates most of the tissues that contact them. Gene therapy, immunotherapy, and nanotechnology advancements have resulted in novel strategies for anticancer drug delivery. Furthermore, diverse dispersion of nanoparticles in normal stroma cells adversely affects the healthy cells and disrupts the crosstalk of tumour stroma. It can contribute to cancer cell progression inhibition and, conversely, to acquired resistance, enabling cancer cell metastasis and proliferation. The tumour's microenvironment is critical in controlling the dispersion and physiological activities of nano-chemotherapeutics which is one of the targeted drug therapy. As it is one of the methods of treating cancer that involves the use of medications or other substances to specifically target and kill off certain subsets of malignant cells. A targeted therapy may be administered alone or in addition to more conventional methods of care like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment. The tumour microenvironment, stromatogenesis, barriers and advancement in the drug delivery system across tumour tissue are summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benu Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Shri Ram College of Pharmacy, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Singla
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swami Dayanand Post Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Davinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swami Dayanand Post Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Roshan S
- Department of Pharmacology, Deccan School of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Madan Mohan Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
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Unraveling How Tumor-Derived Galectins Contribute to Anti-Cancer Immunity Failure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184529. [PMID: 34572756 PMCID: PMC8469970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review compiles our current knowledge of one of the main pathways activated by tumors to escape immune attack. Indeed, it integrates the current understanding of how tumor-derived circulating galectins affect the elicitation of effective anti-tumor immunity. It focuses on several relevant topics: which are the main galectins produced by tumors, how soluble galectins circulate throughout biological liquids (taking a body-settled gradient concentration into account), the conditions required for the galectins’ functions to be accomplished at the tumor and tumor-distant sites, and how the physicochemical properties of the microenvironment in each tissue determine their functions. These are no mere semantic definitions as they define which functions can be performed in said tissues instead. Finally, we discuss the promising future of galectins as targets in cancer immunotherapy and some outstanding questions in the field. Abstract Current data indicates that anti-tumor T cell-mediated immunity correlates with a better prognosis in cancer patients. However, it has widely been demonstrated that tumor cells negatively manage immune attack by activating several immune-suppressive mechanisms. It is, therefore, essential to fully understand how lymphocytes are activated in a tumor microenvironment and, above all, how to prevent these cells from becoming dysfunctional. Tumors produce galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 as one of the major molecular mechanisms to evade immune control of tumor development. These galectins impact different steps in the establishment of the anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we carry out a critical dissection on the mechanisms through which tumor-derived galectins can influence the production and the functionality of anti-tumor T lymphocytes. This knowledge may help us design more effective immunotherapies to treat human cancers.
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Galectins in Cancer and the Microenvironment: Functional Roles, Therapeutic Developments, and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091159. [PMID: 34572346 PMCID: PMC8465754 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cell growth and metabolism are affected by the surrounding environmental factors to adapt to the cell’s most appropriate growth model. However, abnormal cell metabolism is correlated with the occurrence of many diseases and is accompanied by changes in galectin (Gal) performance. Gals were found to be some of the master regulators of cell–cell interactions that reconstruct the microenvironment, and disordered expression of Gals is associated with multiple human metabolic-related diseases including cancer development. Cancer cells can interact with surrounding cells through Gals to create more suitable conditions that promote cancer cell aggressiveness. In this review, we organize the current understanding of Gals in a systematic way to dissect Gals’ effect on human disease, including how Gals’ dysregulated expression affects the tumor microenvironment’s metabolism and elucidating the mechanisms involved in Gal-mediated diseases. This information may shed light on a more precise understanding of how Gals regulate cell biology and facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment by targeting the Gal family.
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Balestrieri K, Kew K, McDaniel M, Ramez M, Pittman HK, Murray G, Vohra NA, Verbanac KM. Proteomic identification of tumor- and metastasis-associated galectin-1 in claudin-low breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129784. [PMID: 33166603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis and mortality remain high among breast cancer patients with the claudin-low subtype because these tumors are aggressive, chemoresistant, and lack targeted therapies. Our objective was to utilize discovery-based proteomics to identify proteins associated with claudin-low primary and metastatic tumors to gain insight into pathways and mechanisms of tumor progression. METHODS We used nano-LC-MS/MS proteomics to analyze orthotopic and metastatic tumors from the syngeneic murine T11 tumor model, which displays gene expression profiles mirroring human claudin-low tumors. Galectin-1 identity, expression and spatial distribution were investigated by biochemical and immunochemical methods and MALDI/IMS. RNA seq data from mouse and human tumors in our study and publicly available microarray data were analyzed for differential galectin-1 expression across breast cancer subtypes. RESULTS Galectin-1, an N-acetyllactosamine-binding protein, exhibited the highest sequence coverage and high abundance rank order among nano-LC-MS/MS-identified proteins shared by T11 claudin-low tumors but not normal tissue. Label-free quantitation, Western immunoblot and ELISA confirmed galectin-1 identity and significant differential expression. MALDI/IMS spatial mapping and immunohistochemistry detected galectin-1 in T11 metastatic lung foci. Immunohistochemistry of human claudin-low tumors demonstrated intermediate-to-high intensity galectin-1 staining of tumor and stroma. Gene expression analysis of mouse and human tumors found the highest galectin-1 levels in the claudin-low breast cancer subtype. CONCLUSIONS Proteomics and genomics reveal high expression of galectin-1 protein and RNA in primary and metastatic claudin-low breast cancer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work endorses proteomic approaches in cancer research and supports further investigations of the function and significance of galectin-1 overexpression in claudin-low tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassondra Balestrieri
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Department of Surgery, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Kew
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Moses McDaniel
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Department of Surgery, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Ramez
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Department of Surgery, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - H Keith Pittman
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Department of Surgery, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Gina Murray
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Department of Pathology, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Nasreen A Vohra
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Department of Surgery, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M Verbanac
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Department of Surgery, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America.
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Li J, Burgess DJ. Nanomedicine-based drug delivery towards tumor biological and immunological microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2110-2124. [PMID: 33304781 PMCID: PMC7714990 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex tumor microenvironment is a most important factor in cancer development. The biological microenvironment is composed of a variety of barriers including the extracellular matrix and associated cells such as endothelia cells, pericytes, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Different strategies can be utilized to enhance nanoparticle-based drug delivery and distribution into tumor tissues addressing the extracellular matrix or cellular components. In addition to the biological microenvironment, the immunological conditions around the tumor tissue can be very complicated and cancer cells have various ways of evading immune surveillance. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems can enhance cancer immunotherapy by tuning the immunological response and memory of various immune cells such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In this review, the main components in the tumor biological and immunological environment are discussed. The focus is on recent advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems towards targets within the tumor microenvironment to improve cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Diane J. Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
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Baghban R, Roshangar L, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Jaymand M, Kolahian S, Javaheri T, Zare P. Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:59. [PMID: 32264958 PMCID: PMC7140346 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 836] [Impact Index Per Article: 209.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment consisting of stromal cells (cellular part) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (non-cellular) is essential to stimulate the heterogeneity of cancer cell, clonal evolution and to increase the multidrug resistance ending in cancer cell progression and metastasis. The reciprocal cell-cell/ECM interaction and tumor cell hijacking of non-malignant cells force stromal cells to lose their function and acquire new phenotypes that promote development and invasion of tumor cells. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms governing these interactions can be used as a novel strategy to indirectly disrupt cancer cell interplay and contribute to the development of efficient and safe therapeutic strategies to fight cancer. Furthermore, the tumor-derived circulating materials can also be used as cancer diagnostic tools to precisely predict and monitor the outcome of therapy. This review evaluates such potentials in various advanced cancer models, with a focus on 3D systems as well as lab-on-chip devices. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayyeh Baghban
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committees, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognitive, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Health Informatics Lab, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Peyman Zare
- Dioscuri Center of Chromatin Biology and Epigenomics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
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Jenkins SV, Nedosekin DA, Shaulis BJ, Wang T, Jamshidi-Parsian A, Pollock ED, Chen J, Dings RP, Griffin RJ. Enhanced Photothermal Treatment Efficacy and Normal Tissue Protection via Vascular Targeted Gold Nanocages. Nanotheranostics 2019; 3:145-155. [PMID: 31008023 PMCID: PMC6470343 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.32395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in photothermal treatment is generating sufficient heat to eradicate diseased tissue while sparing normal tissue. Au nanomaterials have shown promise as a means to achieve highly localized photothermal treatment. Toward that end, the synthetic peptide anginex was conjugated to Au nanocages. Anginex binds to galectin-1, which is highly expressed in dividing endothelial cells found primarily in the tumor vasculature. The skin surface temperature during a 10 min laser exposure of subcutaneous murine breast tumors did not exceed 43°C and no normal tissue damage was observed, yet a significant anti-tumor effect was observed when laser was applied 24 h post-injection of targeted nanocages. Untargeted particles showed little effect in immunocompetent, tumor-bearing mice under these conditions. Photoacoustic, photothermal, and ICP-MS mapping of harvested tissue showed distribution of particles near the vasculature throughout the tumor. This uptake pattern within the tumor combined with a minimal overall temperature rise were nonetheless sufficient to induce marked photothermal efficacy and evidence of tumor control. Importantly, this evidence suggests that bulk tumor temperature during treatment does not correlate with treatment outcome, which implies that targeted nanomedicine can be highly effective when closely bound/distributed in and around the tumor endothelium and extensive amounts of direct tumor cell binding may not be a prerequisite of effective photothermal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir V. Jenkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,✉ Corresponding author: Dr. Samir V. Jenkins, , Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Mail Slot #771, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Department of Otolaryngology and Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Barry J. Shaulis
- Trace Element and Radiogenic Isotope Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Azemat Jamshidi-Parsian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Erik D. Pollock
- Trace Element and Radiogenic Isotope Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Ruud P.M. Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Binding of galectin-1 to integrin β1 potentiates drug resistance by promoting survivin expression in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35804-35823. [PMID: 28415760 PMCID: PMC5482619 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 is a β-galactoside binding protein secreted by many types of aggressive cancer cells. Although many studies have focused on the role of galectin-1 in cancer progression, relatively little attention has been paid to galectin-1 as an extracellular therapeutic target. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying galectin-1-mediated cancer progression, we established galectin-1 knock-down cells via retroviral delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against galectin-1 in two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T. Ablation of galectin-1 expression decreased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and doxorubicin resistance. We found that these effects were caused by decreased galectin-1-integrin β1 interactions and suppression of the downstream focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/c-Src pathway. We also found that silencing of galectin-1 inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, thereby down-regulating survivin expression. This finding implicates STAT3 as a transcription factor for survivin. Finally, rescue of endogenous galectin-1 knock-down and recombinant galectin-1 treatment both recovered signaling through the FAK/c-Src/ERK/STAT3/survivin pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that extracellular galectin-1 contributes to cancer progression and doxorubicin resistance in TNBC cells. These effects appear to be mediated by galectin-1-induced up-regulation of the integrin β1/FAK/c-Src/ERK/STAT3/survivin pathway. Our results imply that extracellular galectin-1 has potential as a therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Raavé R, van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen WF. Chemotherapeutic drug delivery by tumoral extracellular matrix targeting. J Control Release 2018; 274:1-8. [PMID: 29382546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy is a primary strategy in the treatment of cancer, but comes with a number of limitations such as toxicity and unfavorable biodistribution. To overcome these issues, numerous targeting systems for specific delivery of chemotherapeutics to tumor cells have been designed and evaluated. Such strategies generally address subsets of tumor cells, still allowing the progressive growth of tumor cells not expressing the target. Moreover, tumor stem cells and tumor supportive cells, such as cancer associated fibroblasts and cancer associated macrophages, are left unaffected by this approach. In this review, we discuss an alternative targeting strategy aimed at delivery of anti-tumor drugs to the tumoral extracellular matrix with the potential to eliminate all cell types. The extracellular matrix of tumors is vastly different from that of healthy tissue and offers hooks for targeted drug delivery. It is concluded that matrix targeting is promising, but that clinical studies are required to evaluate translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Raavé
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Willeke F Daamen
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Galectin Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010210. [PMID: 29320431 PMCID: PMC5796159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer have increased over the past decades. Significant progress has been made in understanding the underpinnings of this disease and developing therapies. Despite this, cancer still remains a major therapeutic challenge. Current therapeutic research has targeted several aspects of the disease such as cancer development, growth, angiogenesis and metastases. Many molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown and current therapies have so far failed to meet their intended potential. Recent studies show that glycans, especially oligosaccharide chains, may play a role in carcinogenesis as recognition patterns for galectins. Galectins are members of the lectin family, which show high affinity for β-galactosides. The galectin–glycan conjugate plays a fundamental role in metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor immunity, proliferation and apoptosis. Galectins’ action is mediated by a structure containing at least one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The potential prognostic value of galectins has been described in several neoplasms and helps clinicians predict disease outcome and determine therapeutic interventions. Currently, new therapeutic strategies involve the use of inhibitors such as competitive carbohydrates, small non-carbohydrate binding molecules and antibodies. This review outlines our current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action and potential therapy implications of galectins in cancer.
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Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) plays a key role in the curative treatment of many human cancers. The full utility of this paradigm is often restricted by limitations of conventional drug delivery. Nanotherapeutics have demonstrated great potential to overcome many of these issues. The potential benefits of nanotherapeutics in CRT include improved therapeutic efficacy, decreased toxicity, enhanced real-time in vivo tumor imaging, and the translation of novel small molecule drugs or nucleic acid therapies. Additionally, nanomedicines and radiation therapy exert distinct and complementary effects on the tumor microenvironment which can further enhance therapeutic efficacy compared with either modality alone. In this review, we highlight specific clinical and preclinical examples which demonstrate the potential benefits of nanotherapeutics in CRT.
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