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Hermawan A, Ikawati M, Putri DDP, Fatimah N, Prasetio HH. Nobiletin Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cell by Regulating the Cell Cycle: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vitro Experiments. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:638-655. [PMID: 38721626 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2348217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Inhibiting breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) signaling pathways is a strategic method for successfully treating breast cancer. Nobiletin (NOB) is a compound widely found in orange peel that exhibits a toxic effect on various types of cancer cells, and inhibits the signaling pathways that regulate the properties of BCSCs; however, the effects of NOB on BCSCs remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the target genes of NOB for inhibiting BCSCs using in vitro three-dimensional breast cancer cell culture (mammospheres) and in silico approaches. We combined in vitro experiments to develop mammospheres and conducted cytotoxicity, next-generation sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses, such as gene ontology, the Reactome pathway enrichment, network topology, gene set enrichment analysis, hub genes selection, genetic alterations, prognostic value related to the mRNA expression, and mRNA and protein expression of potential NOB target genes that inhibit BCSCs. Here, we show that NOB inhibited BCSCs in mammospheres from MCF-7 cells. We also identified CDC6, CHEK1, BRCA1, UCHL5, TOP2A, MTMR4, and EXO1 as potential NOB targets inhibiting BCSCs. NOB decreased G0/G1, but increased the G2/M cell population. These findings showed that NOB is a potential therapeutic candidate for BCSCs treatment by regulating cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muthi Ikawati
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas Putri
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Fatimah
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heri Himawan Prasetio
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Cui J, Liu X, Shang Q, Sun S, Chen S, Dong J, Zhu Y, Liu L, Xia Y, Wang Y, Xiang L, Fan B, Zhan J, Zhou Y, Chen P, Zhao R, Liu X, Xing N, Wu D, Shi B, Zou Y. Deubiquitination of CDC6 by OTUD6A promotes tumour progression and chemoresistance. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:86. [PMID: 38685067 PMCID: PMC11057083 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDC6 is an oncogenic protein whose expression level fluctuates during the cell cycle. Although several E3 ubiquitin ligases responsible for the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of CDC6 have been identified, the deubiquitination pathway for CDC6 has not been investigated. METHODS The proteome-wide deubiquitinase (DUB) screening was used to identify the potential regulator of CDC6. Immunofluorescence, protein half-life and deubiquitination assays were performed to determine the protein stability of CDC6. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were implemented to analyse the impacts of OUTD6A-CDC6 axis on tumour growth and chemosensitivity in vitro. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)-induced conditional Otud6a knockout (CKO) mouse model and tumour xenograft model were performed to analyse the role of OTUD6A-CDC6 axis in vivo. Tissue specimens were used to determine the association between OTUD6A and CDC6. RESULTS OTUD6A interacts with, depolyubiquitinates and stabilizes CDC6 by removing K6-, K33-, and K48-linked polyubiquitination. Moreover, OTUD6A promotes cell proliferation and decreases sensitivity to chemotherapy by upregulating CDC6. CKO mice are less prone to BCa tumorigenesis induced by BBN, and knockdown of OTUD6A inhibits tumour progression in vivo. Furthermore, OTUD6A protein level has a positive correlation with CDC6 protein level, and high protein levels of OTUD6A and CDC6 are associated with poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS We reveal an important yet missing piece of novel DUB governing CDC6 stability. In addition, our findings propose a model for the OTUD6A-CDC6 axis that provides novel insights into cell cycle and chemosensitivity regulation, which may become a potential biomarker and promising drug target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Cui
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qinghong Shang
- Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shuna Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250011, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jianping Dong
- Department of Urology, Shouguang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 262750, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yangyang Xia
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lu Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Bowen Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yadi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Renchang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Departement of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250011, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Dalei Wu
- Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Yongxin Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Wu H, Zhu P, Shu P, Zhang S. Screening and verification of hub genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by integrated analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6894. [PMID: 38519533 PMCID: PMC10959922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. However, the mechanisms underlying ESCC tumorigenesis have not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to determine the key genes involved in ESCC tumorigenesis. The following bioinformatics analyses were performed: identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs); gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis; integrated analysis of the protein-protein interaction network and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database for validation of hub genes. Finally, western blotting and qPCR were used to explore the expression of cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) in ESCC cell lines. Immunohistochemistry analysis of ESCC samples from patients and matched clinical characteristics was used to determine the effects of CDC6. A total of 494 DEGs were identified, and functional enrichment was mainly focused on cell cycle and DNA replication. Biological pathway analysis of the hub genes was closely related to the cell cycle. We found that CDC6 was upregulated in ESCC cell lines and patient tissues and was related to the clinicopathological characteristics of ESCC. In conclusion, this study identified hub genes and crucial biological pathways related to ESCC tumorigenesis and integrated analyses indicated that CDC6 may be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Peiyao Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Li J, Pang D, Zhou L, Ouyang H, Tian Y, Yu H. miR-26a-5p inhibits the proliferation of psoriasis-like keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo by dual interference with the CDC6/CCNE1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4631-4653. [PMID: 38446584 PMCID: PMC10968694 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory proliferative dermatological ailment that currently lacks a definitive cure. Employing data mining techniques, this study identified a collection of substantially downregulated miRNAs (top 10). Notably, 32 targets were implicated in both the activation of the IL-17 signaling pathway and cell cycle dysregulation. In silico analysis revealed that one of these miRNAs, miR-26a-5p, is a highly conserved cross-species miRNA. Strikingly, the miR-26a-5p sequences in humans and mice are identical, and mmu-miR-26a-5p was found to target the same 7 cell cycle targets as its human counterpart, hsa-miR-26a-5p. Among these targets, CDC6 and CCNE1 were the most effective targets of miR-26a-5p, which was further validated in vitro using a dual luciferase reporter system and qPCR assay. The therapeutic assessment of miR-26a-5p revealed its remarkable efficacy in inhibiting the proliferation and G1/S transition of keratinocytes (HaCaT and HEKs) in vitro. In vivo experiments corroborated these findings, demonstrating that miR-26a-5p effectively suppressed imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice over an 8-day treatment period. Histological analysis via H&E staining revealed that miR-26a-5p treatment resulted in reduced keratinocyte thickness and immune cell infiltration into the spleens of IMQ-treated mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-26a-5p induced a cascade of downregulated genes associated with the IL-23/IL-17A axis, which is known to be critical in psoriasis pathogenesis, while concomitantly suppressing CDC6 and CCNE1 expression. These findings were corroborated by qPCR and Western blot analyses. Collectively, our study provides compelling evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of miR-26a-5p as a safe and reliable endogenous small nucleic acid for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Li
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401123, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Basic Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401123, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Shen M, Zhang Y, Tang L, Fu Q, Zhang J, Xu Y, Zeng H, Li Y. CDC6, a key replication licensing factor, is overexpressed and confers poor prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:978. [PMID: 37833632 PMCID: PMC10571299 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) is a key licensing factor in the assembly of pre-replicative complexes at origins of replication. The role of CDC6 in the pathogenesis of in diffuse larger B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unknown. We aim to investigate the effects of CDC6 on the proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation in DLBCL cells, delineate its underlying mechanism, and to correlate CDC6 expression with clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with DLBCL. METHODS Initial bioinformatic analysis was performed to screen the potential role of CDC6 in DLBCL. Lentiviral constructs harboring CDC6 or shCDC6 was transfected to overexpress or knockdown CDC6 in SUDHL4 and OCI-LY7 cells. The cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V APC/7-AAD double staining, and cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. Real time quantitative PCR and western blot was used to characterize CDC6 expression and its downstream signaling pathways. The clinical data of DLBCL patients were retrospectively reviewed, the CDC6 expression in DLBCL or lymph node reactive hyperplasia tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In silico data suggest that CDC6 overexpression is associated with inferior prognosis of DLBCL. We found that CDC6 overexpression increased SUDHL4 or OCI-LY7 cell proliferation, while knockdown of CDC6 inhibited cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner. Upon overexpression, CDC6 reduced cells in G1 phase and did not affect cell apoptosis; CDC6 knockdown led to significant cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and increase in cell apoptosis. Western blot showed that CDC6 inhibited the expression of INK4, E-Cadherin and ATR, accompanied by increased Bcl-2 and deceased Bax expression. The CDC6 protein was overexpressed DLBCL compared with lymph node reactive hyperplasia, and CDC6 overexpression was associated with non-GCB subtype, and conferred poor PFS and OS in patients with DLBCL. CONCLUSION CDC6 promotes cell proliferation and survival of DLBCL cells through regulation of G1/S cell cycle checkpoint and apoptosis. CDC6 is overexpressed and serves as a novel prognostic marker in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Shen
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lun Tang
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinyan Fu
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu D, Sonalkar J, Prasanth SG. ORChestra coordinates the replication and repair music. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200229. [PMID: 36811379 PMCID: PMC10023367 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Error-free genome duplication and accurate cell division are critical for cell survival. In all three domains of life, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, initiator proteins bind replication origins in an ATP-dependent manner, play critical roles in replisome assembly, and coordinate cell-cycle regulation. We discuss how the eukaryotic initiator, Origin recognition complex (ORC), coordinates different events during the cell cycle. We propose that ORC is the maestro driving the orchestra to coordinately perform the musical pieces of replication, chromatin organization, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhen Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jay Sonalkar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Supriya G. Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Cancer center at Illinois, UIUC
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Barua D, Sultana A, Islam MN, Cox F, Gupta A, Gupta S. RRM2 and CDC6 are novel effectors of XBP1-mediated endocrine resistance and predictive markers of tamoxifen sensitivity. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:288. [PMID: 36997866 PMCID: PMC10061897 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-resistant breast cancers have elevated expression of XBP1, where it drives endocrine resistance by controlling the expression of its target genes. Despite the in-depth understanding of the biological functions of XBP1 in ER-positive breast cancer, effectors of endocrine resistance downstream of XBP1 are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the XBP1-regulated genes contributing to endocrine resistance in breast cancer. METHODS XBP1 deficient sub-clones in MCF7 cells were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout strategy and were validated using western blot and RT-PCR. Cell viability and cell proliferation were evaluated using the MTS assay and colony formation assay, respectively. Cell death and cell cycle analysis were determined using flow cytometry. Transcriptomic data was analysed to identify XBP1-regulated targets and differential expression of target genes was evaluated using western blot and qRT-PCR. Lentivirus and retrovirus transfection were used to generate RRM2 and CDC6 overexpressing clones, respectively. The prognostic value of the XBP1-gene signature was analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Deletion of XBP1 compromised the upregulation of UPR-target genes during conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress and sensitized cells to EnR stress-induced cell death. Loss of XBP1 in MCF7 cells decreased cell growth, attenuated the induction of estrogen-responsive genes and sensitized them to anti-estrogen agents. The expression of cell cycle associated genes RRM2, CDC6, and TOP2A was significantly reduced upon XBP1 deletion/inhibition in several ER-positive breast cancer cells. Expression of RRM2, CDC6, and TOP2A was increased upon estrogen stimulation and in cells harbouring point-mutants (Y537S, D538G) of ESR1 in steroid free conditions. Ectopic expression of RRM2 and CDC6 increased cell growth and reversed the hypersensitivity of XBP1 KO cells towards tamoxifen conferring endocrine resistance. Importantly, increased expression of XBP1-gene signature was associated with poor outcome and reduced efficacy of tamoxifen treatment in ER-positive breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that RRM2 and CDC6 downstream of XBP1 contribute to endocrine resistance in ER-positive breast cancer. XBP1-gene signature is associated with poor outcome and response to tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barua
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afrin Sultana
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Nahidul Islam
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fergus Cox
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Discipline of Physiology, Human Biology Building, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Yang M, Wang P, Liu T, Zou X, Xia Y, Li C, Wang X. High throughput sequencing revealed enhanced cell cycle signaling in SLE patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:159. [PMID: 36599883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-system involvement and high heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pose great challenges to its diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of the current study is to identify genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. High throughput sequencing was performed on the PBMCs from SLE patients. We conducted differential gene analysis, gene ontology (GO) analysis, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verification. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, alternative splicing analysis, and disease correlation analysis were conducted on some key pathogenic genes as well. Furthermore, si-CDC6 was used for transfection and cell proliferation was monitored using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. We identified 2495 differential genes (1494 upregulated and 1001 downregulated) in SLE patients compared with healthy controls. The significantly upregulated genes were enriched in the biological process-related GO terms of the cell cycle, response to stress, and chromosome organization. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 7 significantly upregulated pathways including SLE, alcoholism, viral carcinogenesis, cell cycle, proteasome, malaria, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. We successfully verified some differential genes on the SLE pathway and the cell cycle pathway. CDC6, a key gene in the cell cycle pathway, had remarkably higher MXE alternative splicing events in SLE patients than that in controls, which may explain its significant upregulation in SLE patients. We found that CDC6 participates in the pathogenesis of many proliferation-related diseases and its levels are positively correlated with the severity of SLE. Knockdown of CDC6 suppressed the proliferation of Hela cells and PBMCs from SLE patients in vitro. We identified SLE-related genes and their alternative splicing events. The cell cycle pathway and the cell cycle-related biological processes are over-activated in SLE patients. We revealed a higher incidence of MXE events of CDC6, which may lead to its high expression in SLE patients. Upregulated cell cycle signaling and CDC6 may be related to the hyperproliferation and pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yang
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, Translational Medicine Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Peisong Wang
- Thyroid Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, Translational Medicine Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chenxu Li
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, Translational Medicine Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, Translational Medicine Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.519 Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Wang Z, Wang J, Roychoudhury S, Tomasik B, Wu G, Wang G, Rao X, Zhou R. Replication Stress: A Review of Novel Targets to Enhance Radiosensitivity-From Bench to Clinic. Front Oncol 2022; 12:838637. [PMID: 35875060 PMCID: PMC9305609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.838637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a process fundamental in all living organisms in which deregulation, known as replication stress, often leads to genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. Most malignant tumors sustain persistent proliferation and tolerate replication stress via increasing reliance to the replication stress response. So whilst replication stress induces genomic instability and tumorigenesis, the replication stress response exhibits a unique cancer-specific vulnerability that can be targeted to induce catastrophic cell proliferation. Radiation therapy, most used in cancer treatment, induces a plethora of DNA lesions that affect DNA integrity and, in-turn, DNA replication. Owing to radiation dose limitations for specific organs and tumor tissue resistance, the therapeutic window is narrow. Thus, a means to eliminate or reduce tumor radioresistance is urgently needed. Current research trends have highlighted the potential of combining replication stress regulators with radiation therapy to capitalize on the high replication stress of tumors. Here, we review the current body of evidence regarding the role of replication stress in tumor progression and discuss potential means of enhancing tumor radiosensitivity by targeting the replication stress response. We offer new insights into the possibility of combining radiation therapy with replication stress drugs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shrabasti Roychoudhury
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bartlomiej Tomasik
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinrui Rao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Zhou, ; Xinrui Rao,
| | - Rui Zhou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Zhou, ; Xinrui Rao,
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10
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Saeed N, Mahjabeen I, Hakim F, Hussain MZ, Mehmood A, Nisar A, Ahmed MW, Kayani MA. Role of Chk1 gene in molecular classification and prognosis of gastric cancer using immunohistochemistry and LORD-Q assay. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2827-2841. [PMID: 35762179 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the current study was to assess the prognostic value of the Chk1 gene in the DNA damage response pathway in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: Expression levels of the Chk1 were measured in 220 GC tumor tissues and adjacent healthy/noncancerous tissues using real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Genomic instability in GC patients was measured using the long-run real-time PCR technique for DNA-damage quantification assay and comet assay. Results: Significantly downregulated expression of Chk1 was observed at the mRNA level (p < 0.0001) and protein level (p < 0.0001). Significantly increased frequency of lesions/10 kb and comets was observed in tumor tissues compared with control tissues. Conclusion: The data suggest that downregulated expression of Chk1 and positive Heliobacter pylori infection status may have prognostic significance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Saeed
- Cancer genetics and epigenetic lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer genetics and epigenetic lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Hakim
- Department of Biochemistry, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Azhar Mehmood
- Cancer genetics and epigenetic lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Nisar
- Cancer genetics and epigenetic lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Waqar Ahmed
- Cancer genetics and epigenetic lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences (PIRS), Isra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer genetics and epigenetic lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Deng T, Zhu Q, Xie L, Liu Y, Peng Y, Yin L, Gao Y, Cao T, Fu Y, Qi X, Zhang S, Peng Y, Hou Y, Li X. Norcantharidin promotes cancer radiosensitization through Cullin1 neddylation-mediated CDC6 protein degradation. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:812-824. [PMID: 35652616 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a conventional cancer therapeutic modality. However, cancer cells tend to develop radioresistance after a period of treatment. Diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for radiosensitivity are severely lacking. Our recently published studies demonstrated that the cell division cycle (CDC6) is a critical molecule contributing to radioresistance, and maybe a potential therapeutic target to overcome radioresistance. In the present study, we for the first time reported that Norcantharidin (NCTD), a demethylated form of cantharidin, re-sensitized radioresistant cancer cells to overcome radioresistance, and synergistically promoted irradiation (IR)-induced cell killing and apoptosis by inducing CDC6 protein degradation. Mechanistically, NCTD induced CDC6 protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. By using small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference or small compound inhibitors, we further determined that NCTD induced CDC6 protein degradation through a neddylation-dependent pathway, but not through Huwe1, Cyclin F, and APC/C-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. We screened the six most relevant Cullin subunits (CUL1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, and 5) using siRNAs. The knockdown of Cullin1 but not the other five cullins remarkably elevated CDC6 protein levels. NCTD promoted the binding of Cullin1 to CDC6, thereby promoting CDC6 protein degradation through a Cullin1 neddylation-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. NCTD can be used in combination with radiotherapy to achieve better anticancer efficacy, or work as a radiosensitizer to overcome cancer radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanggang Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Youhong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuchong Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linglong Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tuoyu Cao
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Fu
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuli Qi
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongbo Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youxiang Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Shen Y, Ye H, Zhang D, Yang M, Ji Y, Tang L, Zhu X, Yuan L. The role of exosomal CDC6 in the hirudin-mediated suppression of the malignant phenotype of bladder cancer cells. Gene 2022; 821:146269. [PMID: 35150820 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by high recurrence and persistence due to the limited therapies that are currently available. Hirudin exerts a strong anticancer effect on several tumors. Thus, it is urgent to explore the biological function of hirudin in bladder cancer and the role of bladder cancer-derived exosomes in tumor inhibition. METHODS First, a network pharmacology analysis was performed to explore the relationships among hirudin, bladder cancer, and exosomes. Then, the effects of hirudin were examined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, and tumorigenic ability experiments in vitro. Exosomes derived from cells were identified with transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence labeling, and Western blotting and collected for further microarray analysis. Only CDC6 expression and mRNA abundance in hirudin-treated cells and exosomes was subjected to further validation using quantitative PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Through network analysis, we found that hirudin affected bladder cancer, and this effect was related to exosomes. Our studies verified the effects of hirudin by revealing that hirudin inhibits malignant processes of bladder cancer cells in vitro, such as invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. Similarly, the oncogenic effects of bladder cancer-derived exosomes were successfully isolated and identified. Via microarray assessment of the exosomes, we identified 600 differential mRNAs, of which the expression of the core target CDC6 was found to be significantly different in both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. We further confirmed that hirudin suppresses CDC6 expression mRNA abundance in both cells and exosomes. CONCLUSION Hirudin was able to decrease the expression of CDC6 in bladder cancer cells and exosomes, which effectively repressed the malignant processes of bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hesong Ye
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Longlong Tang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Kumar R, Rao GN. Novel Role of Prereplication Complex Component Cell Division Cycle 6 in Retinal Neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:407-427. [PMID: 35236105 PMCID: PMC8957605 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major aim of this study is to investigate whether CDC6 (cell division cycle 6), a replication origin recognition complex component, plays a role in retinal neovascularization, and if so, to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS In this study, we used a variety of approaches including cellular and moleculer biological methodologies as well as global and tissue-specific knockout mice in combination with an oxygen-induced retinopathy model to study the role of CDC6 in retinal neovascularization. RESULTS VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A)-induced CDC6 expression in a time-dependent manner in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, VEGFA-induced CDC6 expression was dependent on PLCβ3 (phospholipase Cβ3)-mediated NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells c1) activation. Furthermore, while siRNA-mediated depletion of PLCβ3, NFATc1, or CDC6 levels blunted VEGFA-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell angiogenic events such as proliferation, migration, sprouting, and tube formation, CDC6 overexpression rescued these effects in NFATc1-deficient mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells. In accordance with these observations, global knockdown of PLCβ3 or endothelial cell-specific deletion of NFATc1 or siRNA-mediated depletion of CDC6 levels substantially inhibited oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced retinal sprouting and neovascularization. In addition, retroviral-mediated overexpression of CDC6 rescued oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced retinal neovascularization from inhibition in PLCβ3 knockout mice and in endothelial cell-specific NFATc1-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS The above observations clearly reveal that PLCβ3-mediated NFATc1 activation-dependent CDC6 expression plays a crucial role in VEGFA/oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced retinal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
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14
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Alterations of Chromatin Regulators in the Pathogenesis of Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236040. [PMID: 34885146 PMCID: PMC8656749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Urinary bladder cancer is one of the ten major cancers worldwide, with higher incidences in males, in smokers, and in highly industrialized countries. New therapies beyond cytotoxic chemotherapy are urgently needed to improve treatment of these tumors. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying their development may help in this regard. Recently, it was discovered that a group of proteins regulating the state of chromatin and thus gene expression is exceptionally and frequently affected by gene mutations in bladder cancers. Altered function of these mutated chromatin regulators must therefore be fundamental in their development, but how and why is poorly understood. Here we review the current knowledge on changes in chromatin regulators and discuss their possible consequences for bladder cancer development and options for new therapies. Abstract Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequent histological type of cancer in the urinary bladder. Genomic changes in UC activate MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathways, which increase cell proliferation and survival, interfere with cell cycle and checkpoint control, and prevent senescence. A more recently discovered additional category of genetic changes in UC affects chromatin regulators, including histone-modifying enzymes (KMT2C, KMT2D, KDM6A, EZH2), transcription cofactors (CREBBP, EP300), and components of the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF (ARID1A, SMARCA4). It is not yet well understood how these changes contribute to the development and progression of UC. Therefore, we review here the emerging knowledge on genomic and gene expression alterations of chromatin regulators and their consequences for cell differentiation, cellular plasticity, and clonal expansion during UC pathogenesis. Our analysis identifies additional relevant chromatin regulators and suggests a model for urothelial carcinogenesis as a basis for further mechanistic studies and targeted therapy development.
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15
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Wenmaekers S, Viergever BJ, Kumar G, Kranenburg O, Black PC, Daugaard M, Meijer RP. A Potential Role for HUWE1 in Modulating Cisplatin Sensitivity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051262. [PMID: 34065298 PMCID: PMC8160634 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic agent, whose efficacy is limited by primary and acquired therapeutic resistance. Recently, a bladder cancer genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out screen correlated cisplatin sensitivity to multiple genetic biomarkers. Among the screen’s top hits was the HECT domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase (HUWE1). In this review, HUWE1 is postulated as a therapeutic response modulator, affecting the collision between platinum-DNA adducts and the replication fork, the primary cytotoxic action of platins. HUWE1 can alter the cytotoxic response to platins by targeting essential components of the DNA damage response including BRCA1, p53, and Mcl-1. Deficiency of HUWE1 could lead to enhanced DNA damage repair and a dysfunctional apoptotic apparatus, thereby inducing resistance to platins. Future research on the relationship between HUWE1 and platins could generate new mechanistic insights into therapy resistance. Ultimately, HUWE1 might serve as a clinical biomarker to tailor cancer treatment strategies, thereby improving cancer care and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Wenmaekers
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J. Viergever
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gunjan Kumar
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
| | - Peter C. Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (R.P.M.)
| | - Richard P. Meijer
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (R.P.M.)
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16
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Gotovac JR, Kader T, Milne JV, Fujihara KM, Lara-Gonzalez LE, Gorringe KL, Kalimuthu SN, Jayawardana MW, Duong CP, Phillips WA, Clemons NJ. Loss of SMAD4 Is Sufficient to Promote Tumorigenesis in a Model of Dysplastic Barrett's Esophagus. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:689-713. [PMID: 33774196 PMCID: PMC8267443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) develops from its precursor Barrett's esophagus through intermediate stages of low- and high-grade dysplasia. However, knowledge of genetic drivers and molecular mechanisms implicated in disease progression is limited. Herein, we investigated the effect of Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) loss on transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling functionality and in vivo tumorigenicity in high-grade dysplastic Barrett's cells. METHODS An in vivo xenograft model was used to test tumorigenicity of SMAD4 knockdown or knockout in CP-B high-grade dysplastic Barrett's cells. RT2 polymerase chain reaction arrays were used to analyze TGF-β signaling functionality, and low-coverage whole-genome sequencing was performed to detect copy number alterations upon SMAD4 loss. RESULTS We found that SMAD4 knockout significantly alters the TGF-β pathway target gene expression profile. SMAD4 knockout positively regulates potential oncogenes such as CRYAB, ACTA2, and CDC6, whereas the CDKN2A/B tumor-suppressor locus was regulated negatively. We verified that SMAD4 in combination with CDC6-CDKN2A/B or CRYAB genetic alterations in patient tumors have significant predictive value for poor prognosis. Importantly, we investigated the effect of SMAD4 inactivation in Barrett's tumorigenesis. We found that genetic knockdown or knockout of SMAD4 was sufficient to promote tumorigenesis in dysplastic Barrett's esophagus cells in vivo. Progression to invasive EAC was accompanied by distinctive and consistent copy number alterations in SMAD4 knockdown or knockout xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, up-regulation of oncogenes, down-regulation of tumor-suppressor genes, and chromosomal instability within the tumors after SMAD4 loss implicates SMAD4 as a protector of genome integrity in EAC development and progression. Foremost, SMAD4 loss promotes tumorigenesis from dysplastic Barrett's toward EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana R Gotovac
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tanjina Kader
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia V Milne
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenji M Fujihara
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luis E Lara-Gonzalez
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sangeetha N Kalimuthu
- Anatomical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madawa W Jayawardana
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cuong P Duong
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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17
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Gao L, Xia S, Zhang K, Lin C, He X, Zhang Y. Gene expression profile of THZ1-treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines indicates its involvement in the inhibition of the cell cycle. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:445-460. [PMID: 35116274 PMCID: PMC8799269 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-19-2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify downstream target genes and pathways regulated by THZ1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS The gene expression profile of GSE95750 in two NPC cell lines, untreated group and treated with THZ1 group, was analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared using the R-software. Then Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways (KEGG) was analyzed using Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Cytoscape was used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verified the gene expression. RESULTS We identified 25 genes with increased expression and 567 genes with decreased expression in THZ1-treated NPC cells. The top 10 significantly DEGs between untreated group and THZ1 treated group were identified by qRT-PCR and the results were in agreement with RNA-seq. The total 592 DEGs were found enriched in 1,148 GO terms and 38 KEGG pathways. The most important enriched pathways identified were cell cycle related, and several related node genes were identified, such as CDC6, CDC34, CDK7, CDK9, CCNA2, CCNB1, CDT1, KIF11, LIN9, PLK1, and POLR family, which consistent with RNA-seq. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the differential genes and pathways occurring in THZ1-treated NPC cells, which increases our understanding of the anti-tumor mechanisms of THZ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Gao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunyi Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuyu He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Youn Y, Lee JC, Kim J, Kim JH, Hwang JH. Cdc6 disruption leads to centrosome abnormalities and chromosome instability in pancreatic cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16518. [PMID: 33020506 PMCID: PMC7536414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 6 (Cdc6) plays key roles in regulating DNA replication, and activation and maintenance of cell cycle check points. In addition, Cdc6 exerts oncogenic properties via genomic instability associated with incomplete DNA replication. This study aimed to examine the effects of Cdc6 on pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. Our results showed that Cdc6 expression was higher in clinical PC specimens (based on analysis of the GEPIA database) and cell lines, and the high Cdc6 expression was associated with poorer survival in The Cancer Genome Atlas-PC cohort. In addition, Cdc6-depleted PC cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, delayed G2/M cell cycle progression, and increased expression of p-histone H3 and cyclin A2 levels. These observations could be explained by Cdc6 depletion leading to multipolar and split spindles via centrosome amplification and microtubule disorganization which eventually increases chromosome missegregation. Furthermore, Cdc6-depleted PC cells showed significantly increased apoptosis, which was consistent with increased caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. Collectively, our results demonstrated that Cdc6-depleted PC cells are arrested in mitosis and eventually undergo cell death by induced multipolar spindles, centrosome aberrations, microtubule disorganization, and chromosome instability. In conclusion, Cdc6 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaihwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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19
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MicroRNA-1297 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by downregulating CDC6 expression. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 30:803-811. [PMID: 31419217 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common malignant tumors and the second most common leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, is a biologically heterogeneous disease accompanied by various genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease are complex and not completely understood. Increasing studies have shown that aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression is associated with GC tumorigenesis and growth. MiR-1297 has been confirmed to be a cancer suppressor in diverse tumors in humans. However, to date, the function and mechanism of miR-1297 in GC have not been determined. Here, we found that the expression of miR-1297 was significantly reduced in GC tissues or GC cell lines compared with paracarcinoma normal tissue or normal cell lines. Exogenic overexpression of miR-1297 in GC cell lines can inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation and induce apoptosis, and inhibition of miR-1297 in GC cell lines can promote cell proliferation and colony formation, and reduce apoptosis in vitro. We further confirmed that miR-1297 acted as a tumor suppressor through targeting cell division control protein 6 (CDC6) in GC. Moreover, the inverse relationship between miR-1297 and CDC6 was verified in GC cell lines. Our results indicated that miR-1297 is a potent tumor suppressor in GC, and its antiproliferative and gene-regulatory effects are, in part, mediated through its downstream target gene, CDC6. These findings implied that miR-1297 might be used as a novel therapeutic target of GC.
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20
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Bradfield A, Button L, Drury J, Green DC, Hill CJ, Hapangama DK. Investigating the Role of Telomere and Telomerase Associated Genes and Proteins in Endometrial Cancer. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:E63. [PMID: 32899298 PMCID: PMC7565490 DOI: 10.3390/mps3030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the commonest gynaecological malignancy. Current prognostic markers are inadequate to accurately predict patient survival, necessitating novel prognostic markers, to improve treatment strategies. Telomerase has a unique role within the endometrium, whilst aberrant telomerase activity is a hallmark of many cancers. The aim of the current in silico study is to investigate the role of telomere and telomerase associated genes and proteins (TTAGPs) in EC to identify potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Analysis of RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EC (568 TTAGPs out of 3467) and ascertained DEGs associated with histological subtypes, higher grade endometrioid tumours and late stage EC. Functional analysis demonstrated that DEGs were predominantly involved in cell cycle regulation, while the survival analysis identified 69 DEGs associated with prognosis. The protein-protein interaction network constructed facilitated the identification of hub genes, enriched transcription factor binding sites and drugs that may target the network. Thus, our in silico methods distinguished many critical genes associated with telomere maintenance that were previously unknown to contribute to EC carcinogenesis and prognosis, including NOP56, WFS1, ANAPC4 and TUBB4A. Probing the prognostic and therapeutic utility of these novel TTAGP markers will form an exciting basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bradfield
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Lucy Button
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK;
| | - Josephine Drury
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Daniel C. Green
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK;
| | - Christopher J. Hill
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Dharani K. Hapangama
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
- Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
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21
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Wang Y, Chen S, Sun S, Liu G, Chen L, Xia Y, Cui J, Wang W, Jiang X, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Zou Y, Shi B. Wogonin Induces Apoptosis and Reverses Sunitinib Resistance of Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Inhibiting CDK4-RB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1152. [PMID: 32792963 PMCID: PMC7394056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Wogonin, an active component derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, has shown anti-tumor activities in several malignancies. However, the roles of wogonin in RCC cells remain elusive. Here, we explored the effects of wogonin on RCC cells and the underlying mechanisms. We found that wogonin showed significant cytotoxic effects against RCC cell lines 786-O and OS-RC-2, with much lower cytotoxic effects on human normal embryonic kidney cell line HEK-293 cells. Wogonin treatment dramatically inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cells. We further showed that by inhibiting CDK4-RB pathway, wogonin transcriptionally down-regulated CDC6, disturbed DNA replication, induced DNA damage and apoptosis in RCC cells. Moreover, we found that the levels of p-RB, CDK4, and Cyclin D1 were up-regulated in sunitinib resistant 786-O, OS-RC-2, and TK-10 cells, and inhibition of CDK4 by palbociclib or wogonin effectively reversed the sunitinib resistance, indicating that the hyperactivation of CDK4-RB pathway may at least partially contribute to the resistance of RCC to sunitinib. Together, our findings demonstrate that wogonin could induce apoptosis and reverse sunitinib resistance of RCC cells via inhibiting CDK4-RB pathway, thus suggesting a potential therapeutic implication in the future management of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Shuna Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guangyi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yangyang Xia
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Cui
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfu Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongxin Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
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22
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RYBP inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation through downregulating CDC6 and CDC45 in G1-S phase transition process. Life Sci 2020; 250:117578. [PMID: 32209426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS RING1 and YY1-binding protein (RYBP) is an epigenetic regulator and plays crucial roles in embryonic development. The anti-tumor effect of RYBP has been reported in several cancers recently, but the role of RYBP in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the biological function and the underlying molecular mechanisms of RYBP in ESCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We detected the expression of RYBP in ESCC tissue microarrays (TMA) by immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK8 and colony formation assays. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Gene expression was determined by transcriptome arrays, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Four-week-old male nude mice were used to evaluate the effect of RYBP in ESCC growth. KEY FINDINGS We found that RYBP was downregulated in ESCC compared with adjacent normal tissues. A high level of RYBP expression predicted a better outcome of ESCC patients. Furthermore, overexpression of RYBP inhibited ESCC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome arrays and functional studies showed that RYBP decreased the expression of genes related to cell cycles, especially CDC6 and CDC45, which were essential to initiate the DNA replication and G1-S transition. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our study suggests that RYBP suppresses ESCC proliferation by downregulating CDC6 and CDC45, thus inhibiting the G1-S transition.
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23
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Lim N, Townsend PA. Cdc6 as a novel target in cancer: Oncogenic potential, senescence and subcellular localisation. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1528-1534. [PMID: 32010971 PMCID: PMC7496346 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cdc6 is a key replication licencing factor with a pivotal role in regulating the process of DNA replication, rendering it an important investigatory focus in tumourigenesis. Indeed, Cdc6 overexpression has been found to be a feature in certain tumours and has been associated as an early event in malignancies. With a focus on pancreatic cancer, there are evidence of its convergence in downstream pathways implicated in major genetic alterations found in pancreatic cancer, primarily KRAS. There is also data of its direct influence on protumourigenic processes as a transcriptional regulator, repressing the key tumour suppressor loci CDH1 (E‐Cadherin) and influencing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, gene amplification of Cdc6 as well as of E2F (an upstream regulator of Cdc6) have also been found to be a key feature in tumours overexpressing Cdc6, further highlighting this event as a potential driver of tumourigenesis. In this review, we summarise the evidence for the role of Cdc6 overexpression in cancer, specifically that of pancreatic cancer. More importantly, we recapitulate the role of Cdc6 as part of the DNA damage response and on senescence—an important antitumour barrier—in the context of pancreatic cancer. Finally, recent emerging observations suggest that the potential of the subcellular localisation of Cdc6 in inducing senescence. In this regard, we speculate and hypothesise potentially exploitable mechanisms in the context of inducing senescence via a novel pathway involving cytoplasmic retention of Cdc6 and Cyclin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lim
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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24
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Hu Y, Wang L, Li Z, Wan Z, Shao M, Wu S, Wang G. Potential Prognostic and Diagnostic Values of CDC6, CDC45, ORC6 and SNHG7 in Colorectal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11609-11621. [PMID: 32021241 PMCID: PMC6942537 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s231941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common human malignancy. The aims of this study are to investigate the gene expression profile of CRC and to explore potential strategy for CRC diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Methods We use affy and Limma package of Bioconductor R to do differential expression genes (DEGs) and differential expression lncRNAs (DELs) analysis from the gene datasets (GSE8671, GSE21510, GSE32323, GSE39582 and TCGA) respectively. Then, DEGs were analyzed by GO and KEGG pathway and Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression analyses were used to find aberrantly expressed genes associated with survival outcome of CRC patients. Real-time PCR assay was used to verify the aberrantly expressed genes expression in CRC samples. Results 306 up-regulation and 213 down-regulation common DEGs were found. A total of 485 DELs were identified, of which 241 up-regulated and 244 down-regulated. Then, GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that DEGs were involved in cell cycle, mineral absorption, DNA replication, and Nitrogen metabolism. Among them, Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression analyses revealed that CDC6, CDC45, ORC6 and SNHG7 levels were significantly associated with survival outcome of CRC patients. Finally, real-time PCR assay was used to verify that the CDC6, CDC45, ORC6 and SNHG7 expression were up-regulated in 198 CRC samples compared with the expression levels in individual-matched adjacent mucosa samples. Conclusion CDC6, CDC45, ORC6 and SNHG7 are implicated in CRC initiation and progression and could be explored as potential diagnosis, therapy and prognosis targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 432000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zirui Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Shao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobin Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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25
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Liang X, Yang Q, Wang W, Liu T, Hu J. VE-822 mediated inhibition of ATR signaling sensitizes chondrosarcoma to cisplatin via reversion of the DNA damage response. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6083-6092. [PMID: 31839711 PMCID: PMC6680083 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s211560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cisplatin has been reported to elicit the DNA damage response (DDR) via activation of the ATR-Chk1 pathway, which in turn contributes to the induction of cisplatin resistance. Inhibition of ATR-Chk1 signaling reverses cisplatin resistance in some cancers. However, the influence of inhibiting ATR-Chk1 signaling on cisplatin resistance in chondrosarcoma cancer has not been reported. Materials and methods We compared the expression levels of ATR kinases in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma and chondrosarcoma cell lines. We inhibited ATR kinase function with VE-822, a selective ATR inhibitor, and suppressed ATR kinase expression with shRNA. Western blotting, the CCK-8 assay, cell cycle distribution assay and apoptosis analysis were used to study the influence of inhibiting ATR-Chk1 signaling on reversing cisplatin resistance in chondrosarcoma cell lines. Results We found that chondrosarcoma cells expressed very low basal levels of phosphorylated ATR, but cisplatin treatment induced the activation of ATR-Chk1 signaling in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting the induction of DDR. As expected, ATR inhibition with VE-822 reversed cisplatin-induced DDR and enhanced cisplatin-induced activation of H2AX, which is an important marker of DNA damage. Meanwhile, ATR inhibition by RNA interference also reversed DDR and promoted DNA damage. Furthermore, both pharmacological and molecular inhibition of ATR accelerated cisplatin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and cell death. Conclusion Our results suggested that inhibiting ATR activation promoted cisplatin-induced cell death via reversion of DDR, and VE-822 may be a valuable strategy for the prevention of cisplatin resistance in chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiya Yang
- Chengnan Academy, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, People's Republic of China
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26
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Srinivas US, Tan BWQ, Vellayappan BA, Jeyasekharan AD. ROS and the DNA damage response in cancer. Redox Biol 2019; 25:101084. [PMID: 30612957 PMCID: PMC6859528 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 987] [Impact Index Per Article: 197.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of short-lived, highly reactive, oxygen-containing molecules that can induce DNA damage and affect the DNA damage response (DDR). There is unequivocal pre-clinical and clinical evidence that ROS influence the genotoxic stress caused by chemotherapeutics agents and ionizing radiation. Recent studies have provided mechanistic insight into how ROS can also influence the cellular response to DNA damage caused by genotoxic therapy, especially in the context of Double Strand Breaks (DSBs). This has led to the clinical evaluation of agents modulating ROS in combination with genotoxic therapy for cancer, with mixed success so far. These studies point to context dependent outcomes with ROS modulator combinations with Chemotherapy and radiotherapy, indicating a need for additional pre-clinical research in the field. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the effect of ROS in the DNA damage response, and its clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryce W Q Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore.
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27
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Jiang W, Yu Y, Liu J, Zhao Q, Wang J, Zhang J, Dang X. Downregulation of Cdc6 inhibits tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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28
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Sun S, Zhang X, Xu M, Zhang F, Tian F, Cui J, Xia Y, Liang C, Zhou S, Wei H, Zhao H, Wu G, Xu B, Liu X, Yang G, Wang Q, Zhang L, Gong Y, Shao C, Zou Y. Berberine downregulates CDC6 and inhibits proliferation via targeting JAK-STAT3 signaling in keratinocytes. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:274. [PMID: 30894513 PMCID: PMC6426889 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation and impaired differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes accompanied by increased inflammation, suggesting that molecules with antiproliferation and anti-inflammatory abilities may be effective for its treatment. One of the key steps in regulating cell proliferation is DNA replication initiation, which relies on prereplication complex (pre-RC) assembly on chromatin. CDC6 is an essential regulator of pre-RC assembly and DNA replication in eukaryotic cells, but its role in proliferation of keratinocytes and psoriasis is unknown. Here we examined CDC6 expression in psoriatic skin and evaluated its function in the proliferation of human keratinocytes. CDC6 expression is upregulated in epidermal cells in psoriatic lesions and it could be induced by IL-22/STAT3 signaling, a key signaling pathway involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, in keratinocytes. Depletion of CDC6 leads to decreased proliferation of keratinocytes. We also revealed that berberine (BBR) could inhibit CDK4/6-RB-CDC6 signaling in keratinocytes, leading to reduced proliferation of keratinocytes. The mechanism of antiproliferation effects of BBR is through the repression of JAK1, JAK2, and TYK2, which in turn inhibits activation of STAT3. Finally, we demonstrated that BBR could inhibit imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions and upregulation of CDC6 and p-STAT3 in mice. Collectively, our findings indicate that BBR inhibits CDC6 expression and proliferation in human keratinocytes by interfering the JAK–STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus, BBR may serve as a potential therapeutic option for patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Mengru Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jianfeng Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yangyang Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chenxi Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shujie Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guojing Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Bohan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guanqun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qinzhou Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongxin Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Zhao B, Zhang J, Chen X, Xu H, Huang B. Mir-26b inhibits growth and resistance to paclitaxel chemotherapy by silencing the CDC6 gene in gastric cancer. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:498-503. [PMID: 30899303 PMCID: PMC6425209 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.73315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers of the digestive system and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether miR-26b is involved in the proliferation and resistance to paclitaxel chemotherapy in gastric cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of miR-26b in gastric cancer cell lines was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatics software was used to predict potential target genes of miR-26b. Luciferase assay was used to verify the interactions between target genes and miR-26b. CDC6 protein expression was measured by Western blot. The proliferation and chemotherapy resistance were analyzed by MTT assay. Cell invasion was evaluated by Transwell assay. RESULTS MiR-26b was down-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines compared to normal control cells, and its expression in drug resistance cells was even lower (p < 0.05). CDC6 was identified as a potential target gene of miR-26b by using bioinformatics analysis software. The expression of CDC6 was inhibited by miR-26b both at RNA level, which was determined by luciferase assay, and at protein level, which was determined by Western blot (p < 0.05). Silencing CDC6 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and promoted apoptosis of gastric cancer cell lines, BGC823 and SGC7901 (p < 0.05). Moreover, CDC6 knockdown inhibited chemotherapy resistance to paclitaxel, IC50 to paclitaxel decreased from 153.17 ±0.49 μg/l to 39.81 ±0.28 μg/l (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS miR-26b inhibits growth and resistance to paclitaxel chemotherapy by silencing the CDC6 gene in the gastric cancer cell line SGC7901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huimian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baojun Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Yan X, Wan H, Hao X, Lan T, Li W, Xu L, Yuan K, Wu H. Importance of gene expression signatures in pancreatic cancer prognosis and the establishment of a prediction model. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 11:273-283. [PMID: 30643453 PMCID: PMC6312063 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common tumors with a poor prognosis. The current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, based on the anatomical features of tumors, is insufficient to predict PC outcomes. The current study is endeavored to identify important prognosis-related genes and build an effective predictive model. Methods Multiple public datasets were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and survival-related genes (SRGs). Bioinformatics analysis of DEGs was used to identify the main biological processes and pathways involved in PC. A risk score based on SRGs was computed through a univariate Cox regression analysis. The performance of the risk score in predicting PC prognosis was evaluated with survival analysis, Harrell's concordance index (C-index), area under the curve (AUC), and calibration plots. A predictive nomogram was built through integrating the risk score with clinicopathological information. Results A total of 945 DEGs were identified in five Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, and four SRGs (LYRM1, KNTC1, IGF2BP2, and CDC6) were significantly associated with PC progression and prognosis in four datasets. The risk score showed relatively good performance in predicting prognosis in multiple datasets. The predictive nomogram had greater C-index and AUC values, compared with those of the AJCC stage and risk score. Conclusion This study identified four new biomarkers that are significantly associated with the carcinogenesis, progression, and prognosis of PC, which may be helpful in studying the underlying mechanism of PC carcinogenesis. The predictive nomogram showed robust performance in predicting PC prognosis. Therefore, the current model may provide an effective and reliable guide for prognosis assessment and treatment decision-making in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Yan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Haifeng Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Xiangyong Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
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Mughal MJ, Mahadevappa R, Kwok HF. DNA replication licensing proteins: Saints and sinners in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 58:11-21. [PMID: 30502375 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA replication is all-or-none process in the cell, meaning, once the DNA replication begins it proceeds to completion. Hence, to achieve maximum control of DNA replication, eukaryotic cells employ a multi-subunit initiator protein complex known as "pre-replication complex or DNA replication licensing complex (DNA replication LC). This complex involves multiple proteins which are origin-recognition complex family proteins, cell division cycle-6, chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1, and minichromosome maintenance family proteins. Higher-expression of DNA replication LC proteins appears to be an early event during development of cancer since it has been a common hallmark observed in a wide variety of cancers such as oesophageal, laryngeal, pulmonary, mammary, colorectal, renal, urothelial etc. However, the exact mechanisms leading to the abnormally high expression of DNA replication LC have not been clearly deciphered. Increased expression of DNA replication LC leads to licensing and/or firing of multiple origins thereby inducing replication stress and genomic instability. Therapeutic approaches where the reduction in the activity of DNA replication LC was achieved either by siRNA or shRNA techniques, have shown increased sensitivity of cancer cell lines towards the anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, hydroxyurea etc. Thus, the expression level of DNA replication LC within the cell determines a cell's fate thereby creating a paradox where DNA replication LC acts as both "Saint" and "Sinner". With a potential to increase sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs, DNA replication LC proteins have prospective clinical importance in fighting cancer. Hence, in this review, we will shed light on importance of DNA replication LC with an aim to use DNA replication LC in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer in patients as well as possible therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jameel Mughal
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Ravikiran Mahadevappa
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau.
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Wen DY, Huang JC, Wang JY, Pan WY, Zeng JH, Pang YY, Yang H. Potential clinical value and putative biological function of miR-122-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma: A comprehensive study using microarray and RNA sequencing data. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6918-6929. [PMID: 30546424 PMCID: PMC6256359 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to determine the diagnostic efficacy of microRNA (miR)-122-5p and to identify the potential molecular signaling pathways underlying the function of miR-122-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the expression profiles of data collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and literature databases were analyzed, along with any associations between clinicopathological characteristics and the diagnostic value of miR-122-5p in HCC. The intersection of 12 online prediction databases and differentially expressed genes from TCGA and GEO were utilized in order to select the prospective target genes of miR-122-5p in HCC. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analyses were subsequently performed based on the selected target genes. The average expression level of miR-122-5p was decreased in HCC patients compared with controls from TCGA database (P<0.001), and the downregulation of miR-122-5p was significantly associated with HCC tissues (P<0.001), tumor vascular invasion (P<0.001), metastasis (P=0.001), sex (P=0.006), virus infection status (P=0.001) and tissue (compared with serum; P<0.001) in cases from the GEO database. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for miR-122-5p to diagnose HCC were 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.48–0.71] and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.70–0.89), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72–0.80), while in Meta-DiSc 1.4, the AUC was 0.76 (Q*=0.70). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.60 (95% CI, 0.57–0.62) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.76–0.81), respectively. A total of 198 overlapping genes were selected as the potential target genes of miR-122-5p, and 7 genes were defined as the hub genes from the PPI network. Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6), minichromosome maintenance complex component 4 (MCM4) and MCM8, which serve pivotal functions in the occurrence and development of HCC, were the most significant hub genes. The regulation of cell proliferation for cellular adhesion and the biosynthesis of amino acids was highlighted in the GO and KEGG pathway analyses. The downregulation of miR-122-5p in HCC demonstrated diagnostic value, worthy of further attention. Therefore, miR-122-5p may function as a tumor suppressor by modulating genome replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yue Wen
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ya Pan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yan Pang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Lu Y, Han D, Liu W, Huang R, Ou J, Chen X, Zhang X, Wang X, Li S, Wang L, Liu C, Miao S, Wang L, Ma C, Song W. RNF138 confers cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells via activating Chk1 signaling pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:1128-1138. [PMID: 30260263 PMCID: PMC6301830 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1480293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance represents a major issue associated with gastric cancer (GC) treatment, and arises through multiple mechanisms, including modulation of the cell-cycle check point. Several ubiquitin kinases, including RING finger protein 138 (RNF138), have been reported to mediate the G2/M phase arrest. In this study, we investigated the role of RNF138 in the development of cisplatin resistance of two GC cell lines. We show that RNF138 levels are higher in cisplatin-resistant cell lines, compared with cisplatin-sensitive cells, and RNF138 expression was elevated during drug withdrawal following the cisplatin treatment. Using gene overexpression and silencing, we analyzed the impact of altering RNF138 level on GC cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle phenotypes in two isogenic cisplatin-sensitive and resistant cell lines. We show that RNF138 overexpression increased GC cell viability, decreased apoptosis and delayed cell cycle progression in the cisplatin-sensitive GC cells. Conversely, RNF138 silencing produced opposite phenotypes in the cisplatin-resistant cells. Moreover, RNF138-dependent phosphorylation of Chk1 was seen in GC cells, indicating a novel connection between cisplatin-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Collectively, these data suggest that RNF138 modulates the cisplatin resistance in the GC cells, thus serving as a potential drug target to challenge chemotherapy failure. In addition, RNF138 can also be used as a marker to monitor the development of cisplatin resistance in GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Deqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Jinhuan Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Xiaoqiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng China
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Changzheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Shiying Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Linfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Changwu Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
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Integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of cisplatin-sensitive and resistant bladder cancer cells reveal CDK2 network as a key therapeutic target. Cancer Lett 2018; 437:1-12. [PMID: 30145203 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is currently part of the standard of care for bladder cancer (BC). Unfortunately, some patients respond poorly to chemotherapy and have acquired or developed resistance. The molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain unclear. Here, we introduce a multidimensional proteomic analysis of a cisplatin-resistant BC model that provides different levels of protein information, including that of the global proteome and phosphoproteome. METHODS To characterize the global proteome and phosphoproteome in cisplatin-resistant BC cells, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry experiments combined with comprehensive bioinformatics analysis were performed. Perturbed expression and phosphorylation levels of key kinases associated with cisplatin resistance were further studied using various cell biology assays, including western blot analysis. RESULTS Analyses of protein expression and phosphorylation identified significantly altered proteins, which were also EGF-dependent and independent. This suggests that protein phosphorylation plays a significant role in cisplatin-resistant BC. Additional network analysis of significantly altered proteins revealed CDK2, CHEK1, and ERBB2 as central regulators mediating cisplatin resistance. In addition to this, we identified the CDK2 network, which consists of CDK2 and its 5 substrates, as being significantly associated with poor survival after cisplatin chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings potentially provide a novel way of classifying higher-risk patients and may guide future research in developing therapeutic targets.
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Meng Y, Chen CW, Yung MMH, Sun W, Sun J, Li Z, Li J, Li Z, Zhou W, Liu SS, Cheung ANY, Ngan HYS, Braisted JC, Kai Y, Peng W, Tzatsos A, Li Y, Dai Z, Zheng W, Chan DW, Zhu W. DUOXA1-mediated ROS production promotes cisplatin resistance by activating ATR-Chk1 pathway in ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 428:104-116. [PMID: 29704517 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of resistance is a major obstacle to the clinical use of platinum drugs for ovarian cancer treatment. Increase of DNA damage response is one of major mechanisms contributing to platinum-resistance. However, how DNA damage response is regulated in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells remains unclear. Using quantitative high throughput combinational screen (qHTCS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we show that dual oxidase maturation factor 1 (DUOXA1) is overexpressed in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells, resulting in over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Elevated ROS level sustains the activation of ATR-Chk1 pathway, leading to resistance to cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, using qHTCS we identified two Chk1 inhibitors (PF-477736 and AZD7762) that re-sensitize resistant cells to cisplatin. Blocking this novel pathway by inhibiting ROS, DUOXA1, ATR or Chk1 effectively overcomes cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo. Significantly, the clinical studies also confirm the activation of ATR and DOUXA1 in ovarian cancer patients, and elevated DOUXA1 or ATR-Chk1 pathway correlates with poor prognosis. Taken together, our findings not only reveal a novel mechanism regulating cisplatin resistance, but also provide multiple combinational strategies to overcome platinum-resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA; GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA; GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Mingo M H Yung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA; GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Zhuqing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA; GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA; GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Zongzhu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA; GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA; GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Stephanie S Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Annie N Y Cheung
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hextan Y S Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John C Braisted
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yan Kai
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Department of Physics, The George Washington University Columbian College of Arts & Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Weiqun Peng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University Columbian College of Arts & Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Alexandros Tzatsos
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Yiliang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - David W Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA; GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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Yao L, Chen J, Wu X, Jia S, Meng A. Zebrafish cdc6 hypomorphic mutation causes Meier-Gorlin syndrome-like phenotype. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4168-4180. [PMID: 28985365 PMCID: PMC5886151 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell Division Cycle 6 (Cdc6) is a component of pre-replicative complex (preRC) forming on DNA replication origins in eukaryotes. Recessive mutations in ORC1, ORC4, ORC6, CDT1 or CDC6 of the preRC in human cause Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGS) that is characterized by impaired post-natal growth, short stature and microcephaly. However, vertebrate models of MGS have not been reported. Through N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis and Cas9 knockout, we generate several cdc6 mutant lines in zebrafish. Loss-of-function mutations of cdc6, as manifested by cdc6tsu4305 and cdc6tsu7cd mutants, lead to embryonic lethality due to cell cycle arrest at the S phase and extensive apoptosis. Embryos homozygous for a cdc6 hypomorphic mutation, cdc6tsu21cd, develop normally during embryogenesis. Later on, compared with their wild-type (WT) siblings, cdc6tsu21cd mutant fish show growth retardation, and their body weight and length in adulthood are greatly reduced, which resemble human MGS. Surprisingly, cdc6tsu21cd mutant fish become males with a short life and fail to mate with WT females, suggesting defective reproduction. Overexpression of Cdc6 mutant forms, which mimic human CDC6(T323R) mutation found in a MGS patient, in zebrafish cdc6tsu4305 mutant embryos partially represses cell death phenotype, suggesting that the human CDC6(T323R) mutation is a hypomorph. cdc6tsu21cd mutant fish will be useful to detect more tissue defects and develop medical treatment strategies for MGS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shunji Jia
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anming Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Shi P, Zhang L, Chen K, Jiang Z, Deng M, Zha J, Guo X, Li P, Xu B. Low-dose decitabine enhances chidamide-induced apoptosis in adult acute lymphoblast leukemia, especially for p16-deleted patients through DNA damage. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1259-1270. [PMID: 28745928 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the combined action of decitabine (DAC) with chidamide (CS055) on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. MATERIALS & METHODS ALL cell lines as well as primary cells from 17 ALL patients were subjected to different treatments and thereafter cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry and western blot were employed to determine IC50, apoptosis and checkpoint kinase 1 and γH2A.X expression. RESULTS Low-dose DAC combined with CS055 could effectively kill ALL cells by the reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis. This was also observed in primary cells from 17 ALL patients, especially for those with p16 gene deletion. Suppression of checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation and upregulation of γH2A.X expression was demonstrated to participate in DAC plus CS055-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Low-dose DAC could enhance chidamide-induced apoptosis in adult ALL, especially for patients with p16 gene deletion through DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Leisi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine & Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Manman Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Jie Zha
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xutao Guo
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine & Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
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Ye T, Ding W, Wang N, Huang H, Pan Y, Wei A. Long noncoding RNA linc00346 promotes the malignant phenotypes of bladder cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:79-84. [PMID: 28705739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More and more reports have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the development of a variety of carcinomas, including bladder cancer. However, only a small fraction of them have been characterized. Linc00346 have been found to be upregulated in bladder cancer tissues compared to normal tissues in a microarray-based lncRNA profiling study. In this study, we would like to explore the expression pattern and functional role of linc00346 in bladder cancer. METHODS We determined the expression of linc00346 in a cohort of bladder cancer tissues with matched normal tissues as well as human bladder cancer cell lines. We investigated the biological function of linc00346 with CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, transwell assay and tumor xenografts mice model. RESULTS We found that linc00346 was upregulated in bladder cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. Knockdown of linc00346 inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration, induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that linc00346 could be a potential oncogene and a therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Ye
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anyang Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Thompson TC, Li L. Connecting androgen receptor signaling and the DNA damage response: Development of new therapies for advanced prostate cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2017; 4:e1321167. [PMID: 28819638 PMCID: PMC5540204 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2017.1321167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor-mediated cell signaling involves complex molecular pathways that are interconnected with DNA damage response, including replication stress-driven DNA repair. Understanding the relationships between androgen receptor signaling and DNA damage response at the molecular level will likely lead to novel and effective combination therapy for advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Likun Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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40
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The prognostic significance of Cdc6 and Cdt1 in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:985. [PMID: 28428557 PMCID: PMC5430515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a critical step in cell proliferation. Overexpression of MCM2-7 genes correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. However, the roles of Cdc6 and Cdt1, which work with MCMs to regulate DNA replication, in breast cancers are largely unknown. In the present study, we have shown that the expression levels of Cdc6 and Cdt1 were both significantly correlated with an increasing number of MCM2-7 genes overexpression. Both Cdc6 and Cdt1, when expressed in a high level, alone or in combination, were significantly associated with poorer survival in the breast cancer patient cohort (n = 1441). In line with this finding, the expression of Cdc6 and Cdt1 was upregulated in breast cancer cells compared to normal breast epithelial cells. Expression of Cdc6 and Cdt1 was significantly higher in ER negative breast cancer, and was suppressed when ER signalling was inhibited either by tamoxifen in vitro or letrozole in human subjects. Importantly, breast cancer patients who responded to letrozole expressed significantly lower Cdc6 than those patients who did not respond. Our results suggest that Cdc6 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in breast cancer patients.
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