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Verma D, Singh A, Singh J, Mutsuddi M, Mukherjee A. Regulation of Notch signaling by non-muscle myosin II Zipper in Drosophila. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:195. [PMID: 38653877 PMCID: PMC11039529 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling system that is intricately regulated at multiple levels and it influences different aspects of development. In an effort to identify novel components involved in Notch signaling and its regulation, we carried out protein interaction screens which identified non-muscle myosin II Zipper (Zip) as an interacting partner of Notch. Physical interaction between Notch and Zip was further validated by co-immunoprecipitation studies. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed that Notch and Zip co-localize within same cytoplasmic compartment. Different alleles of zip also showed strong genetic interactions with Notch pathway components. Downregulation of Zip resulted in wing phenotypes that were reminiscent of Notch loss-of-function phenotypes and a perturbed expression of Notch downstream targets, Cut and Deadpan. Further, synergistic interaction between Notch and Zip resulted in highly ectopic expression of these Notch targets. Activated Notch-induced tumorous phenotype of larval tissues was enhanced by over-expression of Zip. Notch-Zip synergy resulted in the activation of JNK pathway that consequently lead to MMP activation and proliferation. Taken together, our results suggest that Zip may play an important role in regulation of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Verma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Mousumi Mutsuddi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ashim Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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2
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Wang J, Zhang B, Chen X, Xin Y, Li K, Zhang C, Tang K, Tan Y. Cell mechanics regulate the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via JNK signaling. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:321-333. [PMID: 38272199 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, especially those with metastatic competence, show reduced stiffness compared to the non-malignant counterparts. However, it is still unclear whether and how the mechanics of HCC cells influence their migration and invasion. This study reports that HCC cells with enhanced motility show reduced mechanical stiffness and cytoskeleton, suggesting the inverse correlation between cellular stiffness and motility. Through pharmacologic and genetic approaches, inhibiting actomyosin activity reduces HCC cellular stiffness but promotes their migration and invasion, while activating it increases cell stiffness but impairs cell motility. Actomyosin regulates cell motility through the influence on cellular stiffness. Mechanistically, weakening/strengthening cells inhibits/promotes c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, activation/inhibition of which rescues the effects of cell mechanics on their migration and invasion. Further, HCC cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit higher motility but lower stiffness than control cells. Increasing CSC stiffness weakens migration and invasion through the activation of JNK signaling. In conclusion, our findings unveil a new regulatory role of actomyosin-mediated cellular mechanics in tumor cell motility and present new evidence to support that tumor cell softening may be one driving force for HCC metastasis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tumor cells progressively become softened during metastasis and low cell stiffness is associated with high metastatic potential. However, it remains unclear whether tumor cell softening is a by-product of or a driving force for tumor progression. This work reports that the stiffness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells is linked to their migration and invasion. Importantly, tumor cell softening promotes migration and invasion, while cell stiffening impairs the mobility. Weakening/strengthening cells inhibits/promotes JNK phosphorylation, activation/inhibition of which rescues the effects of cell mechanics on their migration and invasion ability. Further, stiffening liver cancer stem cells attenuates their motility through activating JNK signaling. In summary, our study uncovers a previously unappreciated role of tumor cell mechanics in migration and invasion and implicates the therapeutic potential of cell mechanics in the mechanotargeting of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfan Wang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bai Zhang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ying Xin
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Keming Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Cunyu Zhang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kai Tang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Youhua Tan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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3
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Muduli K, Pradhan J, Prusty M, Samal AP, Reddy KS, Elangovan S. Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) promotes the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of breast cancer stem cell-like cells. Med Oncol 2024; 41:78. [PMID: 38393411 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer progression, metastasis and recurrence are largely driven by breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which constitute a subset of tumor cells exhibiting stem cell characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the role of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) in the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of BCSCs. The inhibition of ERRα using XCT790 or knockdown of ERRα using shRNA inhibited the mammosphere formation efficiency, as well as the migration and invasion of BCSCs derived from the mammospheres of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 (MB231) cells. Conversely, the overexpression of ERRα significantly increased the migration and invasion of BCSCs derived from the mammosphere. In addition, the XCT790 treatment or shERRα significantly downregulated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as evidenced by the downregulation in the expression of vimentin, Snail, Slug and N-cadherin in the mammospheres of MCF7 and MB231 cells. The chorioallantoic membrane assay showed that the conditioned media from XCT790-treated and shERRα cells significantly inhibited blood vessel formation and vessel length. Furthermore, XCT790 treatment or shERRα also downregulated the expression of molecular markers of angiogenesis, such as VEGF-A and Ang-2 in the mammospheres. Conversely, the overexpression of ERRα in MCF7 cells significantly increased both EMT and angiogenesis. These findings suggest that ERRα inhibits the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of BCSCs, suggesting as a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Muduli
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Jagannath Pradhan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Monica Prusty
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Archana Priyadarshini Samal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - K Sony Reddy
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Selvakumar Elangovan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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4
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Prajapati KS, Kumar S. Loss of miR-6844 alters stemness/self-renewal and cancer hallmark(s) markers through CD44-JAK2-STAT3 signaling axis in breast cancer stem-like cells. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1186-1202. [PMID: 37436061 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs regulate breast stemness and self-renewal properties in breast cancer cells at the molecular level. Recently we reported the clinical relevance and in vitro expression profile of novel miR-6844 in breast cancer and -derived stem-like cells (mammosphere). In the present study, we first time explore the functional role of loss of miR-6844 in breast cancer cells derived mammosphere. Down expression of miR-6844 significantly decreased cell proliferation in MCF-7 and T47D cells derived mammosphere in a time-dependent manner. MiR-6844 down expression reduced the sphere formation in terms of size and number in test cells. Loss of miR-6844 significantly altered stemness and self-renewal markers (Bmi-1, Nanog, c-Myc, Sox2, and CD44) in mammosphere compared to negative control spheres. Moreover, loss of miR-6844 inhibits the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway by decreasing p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 levels in breast cancer cells derived mammosphere. Loss of miR-6844 expression significantly decreased CCND1 and CDK4 mRNA/protein levels and arrested breast cancer stem-like cells in G2/M phase. Reduced expression of miR-6844 increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, late apoptotic cell population, and Caspase 9 and 3/7 activity in the mammosphere. Low expression of miR-6844 decreased migratory and invasive cells by altering the expression of Snail, E-cad, and Vimentin at mRNA/protein levels. In conclusion, loss of miR-6844 decreases stemness/self-renewal and other cancer hallmark in breast cancer stem-like cells through CD44-JAK2-STAT3 axis. Thus, downregulation of miR-6844 by therapeutic agents might be a novel strategy to target breast cancer stemness and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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5
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Losada-García A, Salido-Guadarrama I, Cortes-Ramirez SA, Cruz-Burgos M, Morales-Pacheco M, Vazquez-Santillan K, Rodriguez-Martinez G, González-Ramírez I, Gonzalez-Covarrubias V, Perez-Plascencia C, Rodríguez-Dorantes M. SFRP1 induces a stem cell phenotype in prostate cancer cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1096923. [PMID: 36968194 PMCID: PMC10033548 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1096923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks second in incidence and sixth in deaths globally. The treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) continues to be a significant clinical problem. Emerging evidence suggests that prostate cancer progression toward castration resistance is associated with paracrine signals from the stroma. SFRP1 is one of the extracellular proteins that modulate the WNT pathway, and it has been identified as a mediator of stromal epithelium communication. The WNT pathway is involved in processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, cell anchoring, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation as well as the regulation of stem cell populations in the prostatic epithelium. In the present study, we explored the role of exogenous SFRP1 on the stem cell phenotype in prostate cancer. The results reveal that cancer stem cell markers are significantly increased by exogenous SFRP1 treatments, as well as the downstream target genes of the Wnt/-catenin pathway. The pluripotent transcription factors SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4 were also up-regulated. Furthermore, SFRP1 promoted prostate cancer stem cell (PCSC) properties in vitro, including tumorsphere formation, migration, bicalutamide resistance, and decreased apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that SFRP1 participates in the paracrine signaling of epithelial cells, influencing them and positively regulating the stem cell phenotype through deregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway, which could contribute to disease progression and therapeutic failure. This research increases our molecular understanding of how CRPC progresses, which could help us find new ways to diagnose and treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Losada-García
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Salido-Guadarrama
- Departamento de Bioinformatìca y Análisis Estadísticos, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Marian Cruz-Burgos
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Morales-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Imelda González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Perez-Plascencia
- Unidad de Genómica y Cáncer, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, INCan, SSA and Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes,
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Li Y, Wang D, Ge H, Güngör C, Gong X, Chen Y. Cytoskeletal and Cytoskeleton-Associated Proteins: Key Regulators of Cancer Stem Cell Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1369. [PMID: 36355541 PMCID: PMC9698833 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells possessing stemness characteristics that are closely associated with tumor proliferation, recurrence and resistance to therapy. Recent studies have shown that different cytoskeletal components and remodeling processes have a profound impact on the behavior of CSCs. In this review, we outline the different cytoskeletal components regulating the properties of CSCs and discuss current and ongoing therapeutic strategies targeting the cytoskeleton. Given the many challenges currently faced in targeted cancer therapy, a deeper comprehension of the molecular events involved in the interaction of the cytoskeleton and CSCs will help us identify more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate CSCs and ultimately improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heming Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xuejun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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7
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Biomechanics of cancer stem cells. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:359-369. [PMID: 35942932 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been believed to be one driving force for tumor progression and drug resistance. Despite the significance of biochemical signaling in malignancy, highly malignant tumor cells or CSCs exhibit lower cellular stiffness than weakly malignant cells or non-CSCs, which are softer than their healthy counterparts, suggesting the inverse correlation between cell stiffness and malignancy. Recent years have witnessed the rapid accumulation of evidence illustrating the reciprocity between cell cytoskeleton/mechanics and CSC functions and the potential of cellular stiffness for specific targeting of CSCs. However, a systematic understanding of tumor cell mechanics and their role in CSCs and tumor progression is still lacking. The present review summarizes the recent progress in the alterations of tumor cell cytoskeleton and stiffness at different stages of tumor progression and recapitulates the relationship between cellular stiffness and CSC functions. The altered cell mechanics may mediate the mechanoadaptive responses that possibly empower CSCs to survive and thrive during metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight the possible impact of tumor cell mechanics on CSC malignancy, which may potentiate low cell stiffness as a mechanical marker for CSC targeting.
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Singh P, Sahoo SK. Piperlongumine loaded PLGA nanoparticles inhibit cancer stem-like cells through modulation of STAT3 in mammosphere model of triple negative breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121526. [PMID: 35104598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
TNBC exhibits higher rate of chemoresistance, metastasis, and relapse among all subtypes of breast cancer. This malignant statein TNBC is due to self-renewing sub-population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). They are major caveats in TNBC treatment and need to be obliterated. In this regard, we explored piperlongumine (PL) that has remarkable anti-cancerous property but poor pharmacokinetics limits its application. So, to enhance its biological activity we developed PLGA based nanoformulation for PL (PL-NPs) and examined anti-CSCs effects of PL and PL-NPs in mammospheres. Results indicated that PL-NPs have higher cellular uptake than PL in mammospheres. Further, we demonstrated that PL-NPs remarkably inhibit various characteristics of CSCs like expression of ALDH, self-renewability, chemoresistance, and EMT in mammopsheres. We next investigated the possible mechanism underlying these multi-modal effects, and found that inhibition of STAT3 might be the driving force. In order to confirm this, we used colivelin a potent synthetic peptide activator of STAT3 in combination with treatments and found that anti-CSCs effects of PL and PL-NPs were reversed. Taken together, our data indicates that PL-NPs show enhanced inhibition of CSCs through downregulation of STAT3 and provides insight into development of PL based nanomedicine for targeting CSCs in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana
| | - Sanjeeb Kumar Sahoo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India.
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Barai A, Mukherjee A, Das A, Saxena N, Sen S. α-actinin-4 drives invasiveness by regulating myosin IIB expression and myosin IIA localization. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272699. [PMID: 34730180 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the mechanoresponsive actin crosslinking protein α-actinin-4 (ACTN4) regulates cell motility and invasiveness remains incompletely understood. Here we show that in addition to regulating protrusion dynamics and focal adhesion formation, ACTN4 transcriptionally regulates expression of non-muscle myosin IIB (NMM IIB), which is essential for mediating nuclear translocation during 3D invasion. We further show that an indirect association between ACTN4 and NMM IIA mediated by a functional F-actin cytoskeleton is essential for retention of NMM IIA at the cell periphery and modulation of focal adhesion dynamics. A protrusion-dependent model of confined migration recapitulating experimental observations predicts a dependence of protrusion forces on the degree of confinement and on the ratio of nucleus to matrix stiffness. Together, our results suggest that ACTN4 is a master regulator of cancer invasion that regulates invasiveness by controlling NMM IIB expression and NMM IIA localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Barai
- Dept. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhishek Mukherjee
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Mumbai, India.,Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Alakesh Das
- Dept. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Dept. of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Neha Saxena
- Dept. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shamik Sen
- Dept. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Halder D, Mallick D, Chatterjee A, Jana SS. Nonmuscle Myosin II in cancer cell migration and mechanotransduction. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 139:106058. [PMID: 34400319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a key step of cancer metastasis, immune-cell navigation, homing of stem cells and development. What adds complexity to it is the heterogeneity of the tissue environment that gives rise to a vast diversity of migratory mechanisms utilized by cells. A majority of cell motility mechanisms reported elsewhere largely converge in depicting the importance of the activity and complexity of actomyosin networks in the cell. In this review, we highlight the less discussed functional diversity of these actomyosin complexes and describe in detail how the major cellular actin-binding molecular motor proteins, nonmuscle myosin IIs are regulated and how they participate and mechanically reciprocate to changes in the microenvironment during cancer cell migration and tumor progression. Understanding the role of nonmuscle myosin IIs in the cancer cell is important for designing efficient therapeutic strategies to prevent cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdatta Halder
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel(2)
| | - Ditipriya Mallick
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Ananya Chatterjee
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Siddhartha S Jana
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.
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Godinho-Pereira J, Garcia AR, Figueira I, Malhó R, Brito MA. Behind Brain Metastases Formation: Cellular and Molecular Alterations and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7057. [PMID: 34209088 PMCID: PMC8268492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) brain metastases is a life-threatening condition to which accounts the poor understanding of BC cells' (BCCs) extravasation into the brain, precluding the development of preventive strategies. Thus, we aimed to unravel the players involved in the interaction between BCCs and blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells underlying BBB alterations and the transendothelial migration of malignant cells. We used brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) as a BBB in vitro model, under conditions mimicking shear stress to improve in vivo-like BBB features. Mixed cultures were performed by the addition of fluorescently labelled BCCs to distinguish individual cell populations. BCC-BMEC interaction compromised BBB integrity, as revealed by junctional proteins (β-catenin and zonula occludens-1) disruption and caveolae (caveolin-1) increase, reflecting paracellular and transcellular hyperpermeability, respectively. Both BMECs and BCCs presented alterations in the expression pattern of connexin 43, suggesting the involvement of the gap junction protein. Myosin light chain kinase and phosphorylated myosin light chain were upregulated, revealing the involvement of the endothelial cytoskeleton in the extravasation process. β4-Integrin and focal adhesion kinase were colocalised in malignant cells, reflecting molecular interaction. Moreover, BCCs exhibited invadopodia, attesting migratory properties. Collectively, hub players involved in BC brain metastases formation were unveiled, disclosing possible therapeutic targets for metastases prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Godinho-Pereira
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.G.-P.); (A.R.G.); (I.F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Garcia
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.G.-P.); (A.R.G.); (I.F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Figueira
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.G.-P.); (A.R.G.); (I.F.)
- Farm-ID—Faculty of Pharmacy Association for Research and Development, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Malhó
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.G.-P.); (A.R.G.); (I.F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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El-Sahli S, Hua K, Sulaiman A, Chambers J, Li L, Farah E, McGarry S, Liu D, Zheng P, Lee SH, Cui J, Ekker M, Côté M, Alain T, Li X, D'Costa VM, Wang L, Gadde S. A triple-drug nanotherapy to target breast cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and tumor vasculature. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:8. [PMID: 33414428 PMCID: PMC7791049 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, accounting for the majority of breast cancer-related death. Due to the lack of specific therapeutic targets, chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., paclitaxel) remain the mainstay of systemic treatment, but enrich a subpopulation of cells with tumor-initiating capacity and stem-like characteristics called cancer stem cells (CSCs); thus development of a new and effective strategy for TNBC treatment is an unmet medical need. Cancer nanomedicine has transformed the landscape of cancer drug development, allowing for a high therapeutic index. In this study, we developed a new therapy by co-encapsulating clinically approved drugs, such as paclitaxel, verteporfin, and combretastatin (CA4) in polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) made of FDA-approved biomaterials. Verteporfin is a drug used in the treatment of macular degeneration and has recently been found to inhibit the Hippo/YAP (Yes-associated protein) pathway, which is known to promote the progression of breast cancer and the development of CSCs. CA4 is a vascular disrupting agent and has been tested in phase II/III of clinical trials. We found that our new three drug-NP not only effectively inhibited TNBC cell viability and cell migration, but also significantly diminished paclitaxel-induced and/or CA4-induced CSC enrichment in TNBC cells, partially through inhibiting the upregulated Hippo/YAP signaling. Combination of verteporfin and CA4 was also more effective in suppressing angiogenesis in an in vivo zebrafish model than single drug alone. The efficacy and application potential of our triple drug-NPs were further assessed by using clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Triple drug-NP effectively inhibited the viability of PDX organotypic slide cultures ex vivo and stopped the growth of PDX tumors in vivo. This study developed an approach capable of simultaneously inhibiting bulk cancer cells, CSCs, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara El-Sahli
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Khang Hua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Andrew Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jason Chambers
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Eliya Farah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sarah McGarry
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, No.333 Bukui North Street, Jianhua District, 161006, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyong Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Xue Yuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick G. Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada
| | - Vanessa M D'Costa
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Suresh Gadde
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Wadhwa B, Paddar M, Khan S, Mir S, A Clarke P, Grabowska AM, Vijay DG, Malik F. AKT isoforms have discrete expression in triple negative breast cancers and roles in cisplatin sensitivity. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4178-4194. [PMID: 33227065 PMCID: PMC7665233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT, a serine threonine kinase, exists in three different isoforms and is known for regulating several biological processes including tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression and net effect of the individual isoforms in triple negative breast cancers and response to cisplatin treatment using cellular, mice models and clinical samples. Interestingly, analysis of the expressions of AKT isoforms in clinical samples showed relatively higher expression of AKT1 in primary tissues; whereas lung and liver metastatic samples showed elevated expression of AKT2. Similarly, triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, BT-549 and MDA-MB-231, with high proliferative and invasive properties, displayed higher expression levels of AKT1/2. By modulating AKT isoform expression in MCF-10A and BT-549 cell lines, we found that presence of AKT2 was associated with invasiveness, stemness and sensitivity to drug treatment. It was observed that the silencing of AKT2 suppressed the cancer stem cell populations (CD44high CD24low, ALDH1), mammosphere formation, invasive and migratory potential in MCF-10A and BT-549 cells. It was further demonstrated that loss of function of AKT1 isoform is associated with reduced sensitivity towards cisplatin treatment in triple-negative breast cancers cellular and syngeneic mice models. The decrease in cisplatin treatment response in shAKT1 cells was allied with the upregulation in the expression of transporter protein ABCG2, whereas silencing of ABCG2 restored cisplatin sensitivity in these cells through AKT/SNAIL/ABCG2 axis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the varied expression of AKT isoforms in triple-negative breast cancers and also confirmed differential role of isoforms in stemness, invasiveness and response towards the cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Wadhwa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar 190005, India
| | - Masroor Paddar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar 190005, India
| | - Sameer Khan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar 190005, India
| | - Sameer Mir
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar 190005, India
| | - Philip A Clarke
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Fayaz Malik
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar 190005, India
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14
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Miyashita T, Neri S, Hashimoto H, Akutsu A, Sugano M, Fujii S, Ochiai A, Ishii G. Fibroblasts-dependent invasion of podoplanin-positive cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7251-7260. [PMID: 32037548 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To clear whether podoplanin-positive cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma have higher invasion activity during a fibroblasts-dependent invasion. A collagen gel invasion assay was performed using fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator-labeled A431 cells. The total number and number of invading cells in S/G2/M phase were counted using time-lapse imaging cocultured with fibroblasts. There was no significant difference between the number of invading podoplanin-positive and negative A431 cells when fibroblasts did not exist. On the contrary, the number of invading podoplanin-positive cells was significantly higher when fibroblasts existed. The frequency of cells in S/G2/M phase among invasion was no difference. Knockdown of podoplanin decreased the number of invaded A431 cells significantly when fibroblasts existed. Podoplanin-positive A431 cells display higher invasion activity when fibroblasts exist, suggesting that some biological functions of cancer stem cells might become evident only within the fibrous tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Miyashita
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Neri
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Asami Akutsu
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Sugano
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Song H, Rogers NJ, Allison SJ, Brabec V, Bridgewater H, Kostrhunova H, Markova L, Phillips RM, Pinder EC, Shepherd SL, Young LS, Zajac J, Scott P. Discovery of selective, antimetastatic and anti-cancer stem cell metallohelices via post-assembly modification. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8547-8557. [PMID: 31803429 PMCID: PMC6839601 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02651g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicates and related metallofoldamers, synthesised by dynamic self-assembly, represent an area of chemical space inaccessible by traditional organic synthesis, and yet with potential for discovery of new classes of drug. Here we report that water-soluble, optically pure Fe(ii)- and even Zn(ii)-based triplex metallohelices are an excellent platform for post-assembly click reactions. By these means, the in vitro anticancer activity and most importantly the selectivity of a triplex metallohelix Fe(ii) system are dramatically improved. For one compound, a remarkable array of mechanistic and pharmacological behaviours is discovered: inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase with potency comparable to the drug ouabain, antimetastatic properties (including inhibition of cell migration, re-adhesion and invasion), cancer stem cell targeting, and finally colonosphere inhibition competitive with the drug salinomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Song
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Nicola J Rogers
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Simon J Allison
- School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , HD1 3DH , UK
| | - Viktor Brabec
- The Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | | | - Hana Kostrhunova
- The Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Markova
- The Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Roger M Phillips
- School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , HD1 3DH , UK
| | - Emma C Pinder
- School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , HD1 3DH , UK
| | - Samantha L Shepherd
- School of Applied Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , HD1 3DH , UK
| | - Lawrence S Young
- Warwick Medical School , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Juraj Zajac
- The Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Peter Scott
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
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16
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Chi J, Zhang H, Hu J, Song Y, Li J, Wang L, Wang Z. AGR3 promotes the stemness of colorectal cancer via modulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Cell Signal 2019; 65:109419. [PMID: 31526829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells with stem cell properties have been acknowledged to be responsible for cancer initiation and progression. Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a major signal pathway promoting the stemness of cancer cells. Anterior gradient 3 (AGR3), a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, was found to be overexpressed in several cancers. However, the roles and mechanisms of AGR3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been previously described. In our study, we find that AGR3 is highly expressed in CRC and associated with poor prognosis. Functional studies show that AGR3 promotes the stemness of CRC cells. Mechanically, AGR3 activates Wnt/β-catenin signalling and promotes the nuclear translocation of β-catenin to upregulate stemness related genes. Wnt/β-catenin signalling inhibition counteracts the promoting effect of AGR3 on cancer stemness. Moreover, the effect of AGR3 on Wnt/β-catenin signalling and cancer stemness depends on the presence of frizzled 4 (FZD4). Thus, our study first uncovers the stemness-promoting role and the oncogenic mechanism of AGR3 in CRC, which might provide a novel target for designing anti-CRC strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyang Chi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Song
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China.
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17
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Hughes JH, Ewy JM, Chen J, Wong SY, Tharp KM, Stahl A, Kumar S. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that BMP4 sensitizes glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells to mechanical cues. Matrix Biol 2019; 85-86:112-127. [PMID: 31189077 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with a highly invasive stem-like subpopulation of tumor-initiating cells (TICs), which drive recurrence and contribute to intra-tumoral heterogeneity through differentiation. These TICs are better able to escape extracellular matrix-imposed mechanical restrictions on invasion than their more differentiated progeny, and sensitization of TICs to extracellular matrix mechanics extends survival in preclinical models of GBM. However, little is known about the molecular basis of the relationship between TIC differentiation and mechanotransduction. Here we explore this relationship through a combination of transcriptomic analysis and studies with defined-stiffness matrices. We show that TIC differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) suppresses expression of proteins relevant to extracellular matrix signaling and sensitizes TIC spreading to matrix stiffness. Moreover, our findings point towards a previously unappreciated connection between BMP4-induced differentiation, mechanotransduction, and metabolism. Notably, stiffness and differentiation modulate oxygen consumption, and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation influences cell spreading in a stiffness- and differentiation-dependent manner. Our work integrates bioinformatic analysis with targeted molecular measurements and perturbations to yield new insight into how morphogen-induced differentiation influences how GBM TICs process mechanical inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine H Hughes
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeanette M Ewy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sophie Y Wong
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kevin M Tharp
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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18
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Aydemir Çoban E, Şahin F. Cancer Stem Cells in Metastasis Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1089:97-113. [PMID: 30255300 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumors consists of subpopulation of cells in which each subtype has contributes to tumor progression. Specifically one subtype known as cancer stem cells are associated with the initiation, progression, resistance to conventional therapies and metastasis. Metastasis is leading cause of cancer related deaths. Overall it is important to consider cancer as a whole in which a mutated cell proliferating indefinitely and forming its hierarchy consisting of subgroups with different molecular signatures. To be able to target this disease we need to evaluate every step including initiation, progression, survival, angiogenesis and finally migration and repopulation. Cancer stem cells do play vital roles in each step however when metastasis can be stopped or eliminated we talk about saving a life or improving its quality. Considering how deeply these cancer stem like cells affect the tumor life and metastasis it is crucial to develop effective strategies against them. Metastatic cascade can also be directed by membrane derived vesicles specifically exosomes. Several studies show the role of exosomes in mediating cellular migration and pre-metastatic niche formation. During this chapter we wanted to explain in detail how the metastasis occur in tumor and how cancer stem cells contribute into the development of metastatic cascade and possibly suggest therapeutic approaches against cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Aydemir Çoban
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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19
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Roles of Wnt Target Genes in the Journey of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081604. [PMID: 28757546 PMCID: PMC5577996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been acknowledged; however, the mechanism through which it regulates the biological function of CSCs and promotes cancer progression remains elusive. Hence, to understand the intricate mechanism by which Wnt controls stemness, the specific downstream target genes of Wnt were established by analyzing the genetic signatures of multiple types of metastatic cancers based on gene set enrichment. By focusing on the molecular function of Wnt target genes, the biological roles of Wnt were interpreted in terms of CSC dynamics from initiation to metastasis. Wnt signaling participates in cancer initiation by generating CSCs from normal stem cells or non-CSCs and augmenting persistent growth at the primary region, which is resistant to anti-cancer therapy. Moreover, it assists CSCs in invading nearby tissues and in entering the blood stream, during which the negative feedback of the Wnt signaling pathway maintains CSCs in a dormant state that is suitable for survival. When CSCs arrive at distant organs, another burst of Wnt signaling induces CSCs to succeed in re-initiation and colonization. This comprehensive understanding of Wnt target genes provides a plausible explanation for how Wnt allows CSCs variation during cancer progression.
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20
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Chen J, Kumar S. Biophysical Regulation of Cancer Stem/Initiating Cells: Implications for Disease Mechanisms and Translation. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 1:87-95. [PMID: 29082354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem/initiating cells (CSCs) are a subset of tumor cells proposed to play privileged roles in seeding tumors and driving metastasis. CSCs have emerged as an increasingly important target of interest in cancer biology and therapy. Recent work has suggested that CSC maintenance and metastatic potential may be modulated by physical inputs within the tissue microenvironment, including interstitial pressure and extracellular matrix stiffness. Here we review recent progress in our understanding of CSC regulation by biophysical signals within the tumor microenvironment. While the mechanistic basis of this signaling remains incompletely understood, we discuss emerging evidence that mechanical inputs can epigenetically regulate CSC behavior and that some CSCs can evade mechanotransductive signals to more efficiently infiltrate tissue. We also describe efforts to leverage these findings to engineer culture platforms for the characterization of CSC mechanics for discovery and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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21
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