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Ortega Duran M, Shaheed SU, Sutton CW, Shnyder SD. A Proteomic Investigation to Discover Candidate Proteins Involved in Novel Mechanisms of 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:342. [PMID: 38391955 PMCID: PMC10886605 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to therapeutic success in colorectal cancer (CRC) is the development of acquired resistance to treatment with drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Whilst some resistance mechanisms are well known, it is clear from the stasis in therapy success rate that much is still unknown. Here, a proteomics approach is taken towards identification of candidate proteins using 5-FU-resistant sublines of human CRC cell lines generated in house. Using a multiplexed stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy, 5-FU-resistant and equivalently passaged sensitive cell lines were compared to parent cell lines by growing in Heavy medium with 2D liquid chromatography and Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid™ Mass Spectrometry analysis. Among 3003 commonly quantified proteins, six (CD44, APP, NAGLU, CORO7, AGR2, PLSCR1) were found up-regulated, and six (VPS45, RBMS2, RIOK1, RAP1GDS1, POLR3D, CD55) down-regulated. A total of 11 of the 12 proteins have a known association with drug resistance mechanisms or role in CRC oncogenesis. Validation through immunodetection techniques confirmed high expression of CD44 and CD63, two known drug resistance mediators with elevated proteomics expression results. The information revealed by the sensitivity of this method warrants it as an important tool for elaborating the complexity of acquired drug resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ortega Duran
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Sadr Ul Shaheed
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK
| | | | - Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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2
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Berlin C, Mauerer B, Cauchy P, Luenstedt J, Sankowski R, Marx L, Feuerstein R, Schaefer L, Greten FR, Pesic M, Groß O, Prinz M, Ruehl N, Miketiuk L, Jauch D, Laessle C, Jud A, Biesel EA, Neeff H, Fichtner-Feigl S, Holzner PA, Kesselring R. Single-cell deconvolution reveals high lineage- and location-dependent heterogeneity in mesenchymal multivisceral stage 4 colorectal cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e169576. [PMID: 38153787 PMCID: PMC10904044 DOI: 10.1172/jci169576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasized colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with a poor prognosis and rapid disease progression. Besides hepatic metastasis, peritoneal carcinomatosis is the major cause of death in Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage IV CRC patients. Insights into differential site-specific reconstitution of tumor cells and the corresponding tumor microenvironment are still missing. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome of single cells derived from murine multivisceral CRC and delineated the intermetastatic cellular heterogeneity regarding tumor epithelium, stroma, and immune cells. Interestingly, we found an intercellular site-specific network of cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor epithelium during peritoneal metastasis as well as an autologous feed-forward loop in cancer stem cells. We furthermore deciphered a metastatic dysfunctional adaptive immunity by a loss of B cell-dependent antigen presentation and consecutive effector T cell exhaustion. Furthermore, we demonstrated major similarities of this murine metastatic CRC model with human disease and - based on the results of our analysis - provided an auspicious site-specific immunomodulatory treatment approach for stage IV CRC by intraperitoneal checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Berlin
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- IMM-PACT Clinician Scientist Program
| | - Bernhard Mauerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jost Luenstedt
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMM-PACT Clinician Scientist Program
| | - Roman Sankowski
- Institute of Neuropathology
- Single-Cell Omics Platform Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Marx
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhild Feuerstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schaefer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian R. Greten
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marina Pesic
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Naomi Ruehl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Miketiuk
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Jauch
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Laessle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- EXCEL Excellent Clinician Scientist Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jud
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther A. Biesel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Neeff
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Holzner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Bhattacharyya M, Jariyal H, Srivastava A. Hyaluronic acid: More than a carrier, having an overpowering extracellular and intracellular impact on cancer. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 317:121081. [PMID: 37364954 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), also named hyaluronan, is an omnipresent component of the tissue microenvironment. It is extensively used to formulate targeted drug delivery systems for cancer. Although HA itself has pivotal influences in various cancers, its calibers are somewhat neglected when using it as delivering platform to treat cancer. In the last decade, multiple studies revealed roles of HA in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and dormancy through pathways like mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK), P38, and nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB). A more fascinating fact is that the distinct molecular weight (MW) of HA exerts disparate effects on the same type of cancer. Its overwhelming use in cancer therapy and other therapeutic products make collective research on the sundry impact of it on various types of cancer, an essential aspect to be considered in all of these domains. Even the development of new therapies against cancer needed meticulous studies on HA because of its divergence of activity based on MW. This review will provide painstaking insight into the extracellular and intracellular bioactivity of HA, its modified forms, and its MW in cancers, which may improve the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Heena Jariyal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Device, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Ren J, Feng K, Li Z, Huang T, Cai Y. Identification of Colon Immune Cell Marker Genes Using Machine Learning Methods. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1876. [PMID: 37763280 PMCID: PMC10532943 DOI: 10.3390/life13091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration that occurs at the site of colon tumors influences the course of cancer. Different immune cell compositions in the microenvironment lead to different immune responses and different therapeutic effects. This study analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data in a normal colon with the aim of screening genetic markers of 25 candidate immune cell types and revealing quantitative differences between them. The dataset contains 25 classes of immune cells, 41,650 cells in total, and each cell is expressed by 22,164 genes at the expression level. They were fed into a machine learning-based stream. The five feature ranking algorithms (last absolute shrinkage and selection operator, light gradient boosting machine, Monte Carlo feature selection, minimum redundancy maximum relevance, and random forest) were first used to analyze the importance of gene features, yielding five feature lists. Then, incremental feature selection and two classification algorithms (decision tree and random forest) were combined to filter the most important genetic markers from each list. For different immune cell subtypes, their marker genes, such as KLRB1 in CD4 T cells, RPL30 in B cell IGA plasma cells, and JCHAIN in IgG producing B cells, were identified. They were confirmed to be differentially expressed in different immune cells and involved in immune processes. In addition, quantitative rules were summarized by using the decision tree algorithm to distinguish candidate immune cell types. These results provide a reference for exploring the cell composition of the colon cancer microenvironment and for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Qianwei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Jingxin Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Kaiyan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510507, China;
| | - Zhandong Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China;
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yudong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
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Marcu LG, Moghaddasi L, Bezak E. Cannot Target What Cannot Be Seen: Molecular Imaging of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021524. [PMID: 36675033 PMCID: PMC9864237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are known to play a key role in tumour development, proliferation, and metastases. Their unique properties confer resistance to therapy, often leading to treatment failure. It is believed that research into the identification, targeting, and eradication of these cells can revolutionise oncological treatment. Based on the principle that what cannot be seen, cannot be targeted, a primary step in cancer management is the identification of these cells. The current review aims to encompass the state-of-the-art functional imaging techniques that enable the identification of cancer stem cells via various pathways and mechanisms. The paper presents in vivo molecular techniques that are currently available or await clinical implementation. Challenges and future prospects are highlighted to open new research avenues in cancer stem cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana G. Marcu
- Faculty of Informatics and Science, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Str., 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Leyla Moghaddasi
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Abdou Hassan W, Muqresh MA, Omar M. The Potential Role of CD44 and CD133 in Colorectal Stem Cell Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e30509. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Samadi P, Soleimani M, Nouri F, Rahbarizadeh F, Najafi R, Jalali A. An integrative transcriptome analysis reveals potential predictive, prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:835. [PMID: 35907803 PMCID: PMC9339198 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A deep understanding of potential molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) from early stages to metastasis remain mostly undone. Moreover, the regulation and crosstalk among different cancer-driving molecules including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in the transition from stage I to stage IV remain to be clarified, which is the aim of this study. METHODS We carried out two separate differential expression analyses for two different sets of samples (stage-specific samples and tumor/normal samples). Then, by the means of robust dataset analysis we identified distinct lists of differently expressed genes (DEGs) for Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Then, comprehensive computational systems biology analyses including mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network, survival analysis and machine learning algorithms were also employed to achieve the aim of this study. Finally, we used clinical samples to carry out validation of a potential and novel target in CRC. RESULTS We have identified the most significant stage-specific DEGs by combining distinct results from RRA and WGCNA. After finding stage-specific DEGs, a total number of 37 DEGs were identified to be conserved across all stages of CRC (conserved DEGs). We also found DE-miRNAs and DE-lncRNAs highly associated to these conserved DEGs. Our systems biology approach led to the identification of several potential therapeutic targets, predictive and prognostic biomarkers, of which lncRNA LINC00974 shown as an important and novel biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study provide new insight into CRC pathogenesis across all stages, and suggests future assessment of the functional role of lncRNA LINC00974 in the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Samadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Jalali
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Yi-Wen W, Long-Long L, Ming L, Hao L, Kong-Wang H. Stem cell-like circulating tumor cells indicate poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1297-1307. [PMID: 36160346 PMCID: PMC9479591 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.97707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have the characteristics of cancer stem cells and play an important role in the recurrence and metastasis of tumors. CD44 is a surface marker molecule for gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) and can be used to identify and isolate GCSCs. Here, we investigated the effect of CD44 protein expression, circulating tumor cells, and CD44-positive CTCs on the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples from 58 GC patients being treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from August 2015 to October 2016 were obtained before surgery. The cancer tissues from 58 GC patients after surgery and the same amount of adjacent normal tissues 5 cm away from the center of the cancer tissues were collected as controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD44 expression in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Immunomagnetically negative enrichment combined with im-FISH was used to detect CTCs and CD44-positive CTCs in gastric cancer patients. RESULTS Circulating tumor cells were detected in 44 of 58 patients, and CD44 protein was positive in 34 cases of GC. The presence of CTCs and CD44 is significantly associated with depth of tumor infiltration, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and recurrence (p < 0.01). Twenty-nine of 44 CTC-positive patients had CD44-positive CTCs. The patients with CD44-positive CTCs were more likely to develop recurrence than patients with CD44-negative CTCs (p < 0.01). Furthermore, 28 of 29 patients with CD44-positive CTCs developed recurrent disease, and the mean time to recurrence was shorter than that in patients with CD44-negative CTCs (16.030 ±5.268 and 21.800 ±4.601 months; p < 0.01). The Cox proportional hazards model indicated that the presence of CD44-positive CTCs and TNM stage were independent predictors of recurrence for GC (p = 0.044 and 0.035). CONCLUSIONS The detection of stem cell characteristics of GC CTCs can provide more prognostic information than simply detecting GC CTCs and GC CD44 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yi-Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Li Long-Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Ming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Hu Kong-Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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Hassn Mesrati M, Syafruddin SE, Mohtar MA, Syahir A. CD44: A Multifunctional Mediator of Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1850. [PMID: 34944493 PMCID: PMC8699317 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44, a non-kinase cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein, has been widely implicated as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in several cancers. Cells overexpressing CD44 possess several CSC traits, such as self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) capability, as well as a resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The CD44 gene regularly undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in the standard (CD44s) and variant (CD44v) isoforms. The interaction of such isoforms with ligands, particularly hyaluronic acid (HA), osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), drive numerous cancer-associated signalling. However, there are contradictory results regarding whether high or low CD44 expression is associated with worsening clinicopathological features, such as a higher tumour histological grade, advanced tumour stage and poorer survival rates. Nonetheless, high CD44 expression significantly contributes to enhanced tumourigenic mechanisms, such as cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, migration and stemness; hence, CD44 is an important clinical target. This review summarises current research regarding the different CD44 isoform structures and their roles and functions in supporting tumourigenesis and discusses CD44 expression regulation, CD44-signalling pathways and interactions involved in cancer development. The clinical significance and prognostic value of CD44 and the potential of CD44 as a therapeutic target in cancer are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Hassn Mesrati
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.E.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - M. Aiman Mohtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.E.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Amir Syahir
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sharifi F, Jahangiri M, Ebrahimnejad P. Synthesis of novel polymeric nanoparticles (methoxy-polyethylene glycol-chitosan/hyaluronic acid) containing 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin for colon cancer therapy: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo investigation. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:367-380. [PMID: 33851564 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1907393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to target 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) orally to colon tumours by synthesizing a targeting polymer. To achieve the optimum delivery for SN38, initially methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG)-chitosan was synthesized and then nanoparticles were developed through ionic gelation between mPEG-chitosan and hyaluronic acid as a ligand for cell-surface glycoprotein CD44 receptor. The SN38 was loaded in nanoparticles (SN38-NPs) using the non-covalent physical adsorption method. The size of the optimized SN38-NPs was 226.7 nm, encapsulation efficiency was 89.23% and drug content was 7.98 ± 0.54% in the optimum formulation. The attachment of mPEG to chitosan was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transforms infra-red analysis indicated that SN38 existed in amorphous form and functional groups of SN38 protected in the formulations which could be a sign of suitable encapsulation of SN38 in SN38-NPs. In vitro study indicated that SN38-NPs were more potent against the cancer cells than free SN38. The cellular uptake of SN38-NPs improved up to 1.6-fold against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Moreover, SN38-NPs remarkably demonstrated superior anti-tumor efficacy in contrary to pure SN38. This suggests the advantage of SN38-NPs as a potent oral drug carrier which could be further explored for clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Sharifi
- Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mansour Jahangiri
- Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, I.R. Iran
| | - Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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11
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Drug screening by uniform patient derived colorectal cancer hydro-organoids. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121004. [PMID: 34273688 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
As the importance of organoids increases, the need to develop organoid culture systems suitable for basic biological and clinical applications is being emphasized. However, there is still an unmet need to produce functionally complex and scalable uniform organoids. Here, we demonstrate a scalable organoid production platform with 8 well strips and a total of 8 × 9 microwells per strip using organoids derived from colorectal cancer tissue. The new culture platform is a format in which single cells are self-organized into organoids in culture medium supplemented with 2% Matrigel. It is functionally compatible with existing 96 well plates and Matrigel based conventional organoid culture methods. The consistency, uniformity and reproducibility of organoid produced on the new platform have been significantly improved compared to those of conventional plates. Importantly, Hydro-organoids are functionally identical to conventional Matrigel organoids, but show better consistency in drug screening. Our results show the possibility that Hydro-organoids can be used in high-throughput assays and incorporated into drug screening models to predict clinical outcomes.
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Huang YJ, Lee TC, Pai YC, Lin BR, Turner JR, Yu LCH. A novel tumor suppressor role of myosin light chain kinase splice variants through downregulation of the TEAD4/CD44 axis. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:961-974. [PMID: 34000008 PMCID: PMC8283729 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) regulates actinomyosin contraction. Two splice variants of long MLCK are expressed in epithelial cells and divergently regulate gut barrier functions; reduced MLCK levels in human colorectal cancers (CRC) with unclarified significance have been reported. CRC are solid tumors clonally sustained by stem cells highly expressing CD44 and CD133. The aim was to investigate the role of MLCK splice variants in CRC tumorigenesis. We found lower MLCK1/2 and higher CD44 expression in human CRC, but no change in CD133 or LGR5. Large-scale bioinformatics showed an inverse relationship between MYLK and CD44 in human sample gene datasets. A 3-fold increased tumor burden was observed in MLCK(-/-) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice in a chemical-induced CRC model. Primary tumorspheres derived from the MLCK(-/-) mice displayed larger sizes and higher CD44 transcript levels than those from the WT mice. Bioinformatics revealed binding of TEAD4 (a transcriptional enhancer factor family member in the Hippo pathway) to CD44 promoter, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Individually expressing MLCK1 and MLCK2 variants in the MLCK-knockout (KO) Caco-2 cells inhibited the nuclear localization of TEAD4 cofactors, VGLL3 and YAP1, respectively, and both variants reduced the CD44 transcription. Accelerated cell cycle transit was observed in the MLCK-KO cells, whereby expression of MLCK1/2 variants counterbalanced the cell hyperproliferation. In conclusion, MLCK1/2 variants are novel tumor suppressors by downregulating the TEAD4/CD44 axis via reducing nuclear translocation of distinct transcriptional coactivators. The reduction of epithelial MLCKs, especially isoform 2, may drive cancer stemness and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Huang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tsung-Chun Lee
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Pai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Been-Ren Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Brigham's Women Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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13
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Dzobo K, Sinkala M. Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD44 Plays Multiple Key Roles in Human Cancers: Immune Suppression/Evasion, Drug Resistance, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Metastasis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:313-332. [PMID: 33961518 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequently utilized cancer stem cell markers in human cancers, including colorectal cancer and breast cancer, is CD44. A glycoprotein, CD44, traverses the cell membrane and binds to many ligands, including hyaluronan, resulting in activation of signaling cascades. There are conflicting data, however, on expression of CD44 in relationship to subtypes of cancers. Moreover, the associations of CD44 expression with drug resistance, immune infiltration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and clinical prognosis in several cancer types are not clear and call for further studies. We report here an original study on CD44 expression in several human cancers and its relationship with tumorigenesis. We harnessed data from the publicly available databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Oncomine, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer, and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. Our analysis reveals that CD44 expression varies across cancer types and is significantly associated with cancer patients' survival, in gastric and pancreatic cancers (p < 0.05). In addition, CD44 expression is closely linked with immune infiltration and immune suppressive features in pancreatic, colon adenocarcinoma, and stomach cancer. High CD44 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of drug resistance, EMT, and metastasis associated genes. Tumors expressing high CD44 have higher mutation burden and afflict older patients compared to tumors expressing low CD44. Cell lines expressing high CD44 are more resistant to anticancer drugs compared to those expressing low CD44. Protein-protein interaction investigations and functional enrichment analysis showed that CD44 interacts with gene products related to cell-substrate adhesion, migration, platelet activation, and cellular response to stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that these genes play key roles in biological adhesion, cell component organization, locomotion, G-α-signaling, and the response to stimulus. In summary, these findings lend evidence for the multiple key roles played by CD44 in tumorigenesis and suggest that CD44 is considered further in future studies of cancer pathogenesis and the search for novel molecular targets and personalized medicine biomarkers in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Musalula Sinkala
- Division of Computational Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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14
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Alsharif NA, Aleisa FA, Liu G, Ooi BS, Patel N, Ravasi T, Merzaban JS, Kosel J. Functionalization of Magnetic Nanowires for Active Targeting and Enhanced Cell-Killing Efficacy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4789-4797. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nouf A. Alsharif
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fajr A. Aleisa
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guangyu Liu
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boon S. Ooi
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niketan Patel
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S. Merzaban
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Tieng FYF, Abu N, Sukor S, Mohd Azman ZA, Mahamad Nadzir N, Lee LH, Ab Mutalib NS. L1CAM, CA9, KLK6, HPN, and ALDH1A1 as Potential Serum Markers in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Screening. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E444. [PMID: 32630086 PMCID: PMC7400057 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening at the earlier stages could effectively decrease CRC-related mortality and incidence; however, accurate screening strategies are still lacking. Considerable interest has been generated in the detection of less invasive tests requiring a small sample volume with the potential to detect several cancer biomarkers simultaneously. Due to this, the ELISA-based method was undertaken in this study. METHODS Concentrations of neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), mesothelin (MSLN), midkine (MDK), hepsin (HPN), kallikrein 6 (KLK6), transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 (ALDH1A1), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) from blood serum of 36 primary CRC and 24 metastatic CRC (mCRC) were calculated via MAGPIX® System (Luminex Corporation, USA). RESULTS Significantly increased concentration (p < 0.05) of three serum biomarkers (L1CAM, CA9, and HPN) were shown in mCRC when compared with primary CRC. HPN and KLK6 showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in concentration among different stages of CRC. In contrast, levels of HPN and ALDH1A1 were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in chemotherapy-treated CRC patients as compared with nontreated ones. Conclusion: Serum biomarkers could act as a potential early CRC diagnostics test, but further additional testings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Yew Fu Tieng
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (F.Y.F.T.); (N.A.); (N.M.N.)
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (F.Y.F.T.); (N.A.); (N.M.N.)
| | - Surani Sukor
- Prima Nexus Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur 50470, Malaysia;
| | - Zairul Azwan Mohd Azman
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Norshahidah Mahamad Nadzir
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (F.Y.F.T.); (N.A.); (N.M.N.)
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (F.Y.F.T.); (N.A.); (N.M.N.)
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16
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Lian H, Wang A, Shen Y, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Zhang R, Li K, Liu C, Jia H. Identification of novel alternative splicing isoform biomarkers and their association with overall survival in colorectal cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:171. [PMID: 32503434 PMCID: PMC7275609 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism of regulating eukaryotic gene expression. Understanding the most common AS events in colorectal cancer (CRC) will help developing diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic tools in CRC. METHODS Publicly available RNA-seq data of 28 pairs of CRC and normal tissues and 18 pairs of metastatic and normal tissues were used to identify AS events using PSI and DEXSeq methods. RESULT The highly significant splicing events were used to search a database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified AS events in 9 genes in CRC (more inclusion of CLK1-E4, COL6A3-E6, CD44v8-10, alternative first exon regulation of ARHGEF9, CHEK1, HKDC1 and HNF4A) or metastasis (decrease of SERPINA1-E1a, CALD-E5b, E6). Except for CHEK1, all other 8 splicing events were confirmed by TCGA data with 382 CRC tumors and 51 normal controls. The combination of three splicing events was used to build a logistic regression model that can predict sample type (CRC or normal) with near perfect performance (AUC = 1). Two splicing events (COL6A3 and HKDC1) were found to be significantly associated with patient overall survival. The AS features of the 9 genes are highly consistent with previous reports and/or relevant to cancer biology. CONCLUSIONS The significant association of higher expression of the COL6A3 E5-E6 junction and HKDC1 E1-E2 with better overall survival was firstly reported. This study might be of significant value in the future biomarker, prognosis marker and therapeutics development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tianjia Genomes Tech CO., LTD., Anhui Chaohu Economic Develop Zone, No. 6 Longquan Road, Hefei, 238014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenru Zhou
- Tianjia Genomes Tech CO., LTD., Anhui Chaohu Economic Develop Zone, No. 6 Longquan Road, Hefei, 238014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH), No. 662 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Tianjia Genomes Tech CO., LTD., Anhui Chaohu Economic Develop Zone, No. 6 Longquan Road, Hefei, 238014, People's Republic of China.
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17
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LETM1 is a potential biomarker that predicts poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 112:104333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Jang JH, Kim DH, Lim JM, Lee JW, Jeong SJ, Kim KP, Surh YJ. Breast Cancer Cell-Derived Soluble CD44 Promotes Tumor Progression by Triggering Macrophage IL1β Production. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1342-1356. [PMID: 31969374 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IL1β is a central regulator of systemic inflammatory response in breast cancer, but the precise regulatory mechanisms that dictate the overproduction of IL1β are largely unsolved. Here, we show that IL1β secretion is increased by the coculture of human monocyte-like cells and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. In addition, macrophages robustly produced IL1β when exposed to the conditioned media of TNBC cells. Consistent with these observations, macrophage depletion decreased serum IL1β and reduced breast cancer progression in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model. Profiling the secretome of human breast cancer cells revealed that the CD44 antigen was the most differentially released protein in basal conditions of TNBC cells. Antibody-mediated neutralization of CD44 abrogated IL1β production in macrophages and inhibited the growth of primary tumors. These results suggest IL1β-mediated oncogenic signaling is triggered by breast cancer cell membrane-derived soluble CD44 (sCD44) antigen, and targeting sCD44 antigen may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment by modulating inflammatory tumor microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel positive feedback loop between IL1β and CD44 promotes TNBC malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Jang
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Min Lim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Won Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Jeong
- Statistics Support Department, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Deng Y, Xie Q, Zhang G, Li S, Wu Z, Ma Z, He X, Gao Y, Wang Y, Kang X, Wang J. Slow skeletal muscle troponin T, titin and myosin light chain 3 are candidate prognostic biomarkers for Ewing's sarcoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6431-6442. [PMID: 31807166 PMCID: PMC6876326 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Although great efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis and development of ES, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to identify new key genes as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, targeted therapy or prognosis of ES. mRNA expression profile chip data sets GSE17674, GSE17679 and GSE45544 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the R software limma package, and functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the enrichplot package and GSEA software. The NetworkAnalyst online tool, as well as Cytoscape and its plug-ins cytoHubba and NetworkAnalyzer, were used to construct a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and conduct module analysis to screen key (hub) genes. LABSO COX regression and overall survival (OS) analysis of the Hub genes were performed. A total of 211 DEGs were obtained by integrating and analyzing the three data sets. The functions and pathways of the DEGs were mainly associated with the regulation of small-molecule metabolic processes, cofactor-binding, amino acid, proteasome and ribosome biosynthesis in eukaryotes, as well as the Rac1, cell cycle and P53 signaling pathways. A total of one important module and 20 hub genes were screened from the PPI network using the Maximum Correlation Criteria algorithm of cytoHubba. LASSO COX regression results revealed that titin (TTN), fast skeletal muscle troponin T, skeletal muscle actin α-actin, nebulin, troponin C type 2 (fast), myosin light-chain 3 (MYL3), slow skeletal muscle troponin T (TNNT1), myosin-binding protein C1 slow-type, tropomyosin 3 and myosin heavy-chain 7 were associated with prognosis in patients with ES. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that high mRNA expression levels of TNNT1 (P<0.001), TTN (P=0.049), titin-cap (P=0.04), tropomodulin 1 (P=0.011), troponin I2 fast skeletal type (P=0.021) and MYL3 (P=0.017) were associated with poor OS in patients with ES. In conclusion, the DEGs identified in the present study may be key genes in the pathogenesis of ES, three of which, namely TNNT1, TTN and MYL3, may be potential prognostic biomarkers for ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Qiqi Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Shaoping Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zuolong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zhanjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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20
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Mroueh FM, Noureldein M, Zeidan YH, Boutary S, Irani SAM, Eid S, Haddad M, Barakat R, Harb F, Costantine J, Kanj R, Sauleau EA, Ouhtit A, Azar ST, Eid AH, Eid AA. Unmasking the interplay between mTOR and Nox4: novel insights into the mechanism connecting diabetes and cancer. FASEB J 2019; 33:14051-14066. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900396rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mohsen Mroueh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef H. Zeidan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Suzan Boutary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Abou Merhi Irani
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stéphanie Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mary Haddad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rasha Barakat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Costantine
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rouwaida Kanj
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Erik-André Sauleau
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7357 ICube, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami T. Azar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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21
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Vincent A, Ouelkdite-Oumouchal A, Souidi M, Leclerc J, Neve B, Van Seuningen I. Colon cancer stemness as a reversible epigenetic state: Implications for anticancer therapies. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:920-936. [PMID: 31768220 PMCID: PMC6851010 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i11.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of cancer cell plasticity, i.e. their ability to reprogram into cancer stem cells (CSCs) either naturally or under chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, has changed, once again, the way we consider cancer treatment. If cancer stemness is a reversible epigenetic state rather than a genetic identity, opportunities will arise for therapeutic strategies that remodel epigenetic landscapes of CSCs. However, the systematic use of DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors, alone or in combination, in advanced solid tumors including colorectal cancers, regardless of their molecular subtypes, does not seem to be the best strategy. In this review, we first summarize the knowledge researchers have gathered on the epigenetic signatures of CSCs with the difficulty of isolating rare populations of cells. We raise questions about the relevant use of currently available epigenetic inhibitors (epidrugs) while the expression of numerous cancer stem cell markers are often repressed by epigenetic mechanisms. These markers include the three cluster of differentiation CD133, CD44 and CD166 that have been extensively used for the isolation of colon CSCs.and . Finally, we describe current treatment strategies using epidrugs, and we hypothesize that, using correlation tools comparing associations of relevant CSC markers with chromatin modifier expression, we could identify better candidates for epienzyme targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Vincent
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Aïcha Ouelkdite-Oumouchal
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Mouloud Souidi
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Julie Leclerc
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lille University Hospital, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Bernadette Neve
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
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22
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A CTC-Cluster-Specific Signature Derived from OMICS Analysis of Patient-Derived Xenograft Tumors Predicts Outcomes in Basal-Like Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111772. [PMID: 31652963 PMCID: PMC6912280 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCcl) have a higher metastatic potential compared to single CTCs and predict long-term outcomes in breast cancer (BC) patients. Because of the rarity of CTCcls, molecular characterization of primary tumors that give rise to CTCcl hold significant promise for better diagnosis and target discovery to combat metastatic BC. In our study, we utilized the reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) and transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) data of 10 triple-negative BC patient-derived xenograft (TNBC PDX) transplantable models with CTCs and evaluated expression of upregulated candidate protein Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The sample-set consisted of six CTCcl-negative (CTCcl-) and four CTCcl-positive (CTCcl+) models. We analyzed the RPPA and transcriptomic profiles of CTCcl- and CTCcl+ TNBC PDX models. In addition, we derived a CTCcl-specific gene signature for testing if it predicted outcomes using a publicly available dataset from 360 patients with basal-like BC. The RPPA analysis of CTCcl+ vs. CTCcl- TNBC PDX tumors revealed elevated expression of Bcl2 (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.0001, fold change (FC) = 3.5) and reduced acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase-1 (ACC1) (FDR = 0.0005, FC = 0.3) in CTCcl+ compared to CTCcl- tumors. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of CTCcl+ vs. CTCcl- tumors revealed 549 differentially expressed genes associated with the presence of CTCcls. Apoptosis was one of the significantly downregulated pathways (normalized enrichment score (NES) = -1.69; FDR < 0.05) in TNBC PDX tumors associated with CTCcl positivity. Two out of four CTCcl+ TNBC PDX primary tumors had high Bcl2 expression by IHC (H-score > 34); whereas, only one of six CTCcl- TNBC PDX primary tumors met this criterion. Evaluation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-specific signature did not show significant differences between CTCcl+ and CTCcl- tumors. However, a gene signature associated with the presence of CTCcls in TNBC PDX models was associated with worse relapse-free survival in the publicly available dataset from 360 patients with basal-like BC. In summary, we identified the multigene signature of primary PDX tumors associated with the presence of CTCcls. Evaluation of additional TNBC PDX models and patients can further illuminate cellular and molecular pathways facilitating CTCcl formation.
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23
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Wang J, Luo XX, Tang YL, Xu JX, Zeng ZG. The prognostic values of insulin-like growth factor binding protein in breast cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15561. [PMID: 31083221 PMCID: PMC6531130 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are a family of proteins binding to insulin-like growth factors, generally consisting 6 high-affinity IGFBPs, namely IGFBP1 through IGFBP6. IGFBP family members have been indicated to be involved in the development and progression of tumors and may be useful prognostic biomarkers in various malignancies. However, the prognostic role of individual IGFBPs, especially at the mRNA level in breast cancer patients remains elusive.We accessed the prognostic roles of IGFBPs family (IGFBP1-6) in breast cancer through the "Kaplan-Meier plotter" online database and OncoLnc database.Our results showed that the high expression of IGFBP1 mRNA was associated with favorable relapsed free survival (RFS) in all breast cancer patients. The high expression of IGFBP2 mRNA was associated with favorable overall survival (OS) and RFS in all breast cancer patients. The high expression of IGFBP3 mRNA was significantly correlated to worsen RFS in all breast cancer patients. The high expression of IGFBP4 mRNA was associated with favorable OS, RFS, distant metastasis-free survival, and post-progression survival in all breast cancer patients.Our results indicated that expression of IGFBPs mRNA may have prognostic values in breast cancer patients, and have a benefit for developing tools to predict the prognosis more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Xin-Xin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital
| | | | - Ji-Xion Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Zhen-Guo Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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24
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CD44s Assembles Hyaluronan Coat on Filopodia and Extracellular Vesicles and Induces Tumorigenicity of MKN74 Gastric Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030276. [PMID: 30909497 PMCID: PMC6468717 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a multifunctional adhesion molecule typically upregulated in malignant, inflamed and injured tissues. Due to its ability to bind multiple ligands present in the tumor microenvironment, it promotes multiple cellular functions related to tumorigenesis. Recent data has shown that CD44 and its principal ligand hyaluronan (HA) are carried by extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from stem and tumor cells, but the role of CD44 in EV shedding has not been studied so far. To answer this question, we utilized CD44-negative human gastric carcinoma cell line MKN74 manipulated to stably express CD44 standard form (CD44s). The effect of CD44s expression on HA metabolism, EV secretion, morphology and growth of these cells was studied. Interestingly, HAS2 and HYAL2 expression levels were significantly upregulated in CD44s-expressing cells. Cell-associated HA levels were significantly increased, while HA levels in the culture medium of CD44s-positive cells was lower compared to CD44s-negative MOCK cells. CD44s expression had no significant effect on the proliferation capacity of cells, but cells showed diminished contact inhibition. Superresolution imaging revealed that CD44s and HA were accumulated on filopodia and EVs secreted from CD44s-positive cells, but no differences in total numbers of secreted EV between CD44s-negative and -positive cells was detected. In 3D cultures, CD44s-expressing cells had an enhanced invasion capacity in BME gel and increased spheroidal growth when cultured in collagen I gel. No significant differences in mitotic activity, tumor size or morphology were detected in CAM assays. However, a significant increase in HA staining coverage was detected in CD44s-positive tumors. Interestingly, CD44s-positive EVs embedded in HA-rich matrix were detected in the stromal areas of tumors. The results indicate that CD44s expression significantly increases the HA binding capacity of gastric cancer cells, while the secreted HA is downregulated. CD44s is also carried by EVs secreted by CD44s-expressing cells. These findings highlight the potential usefulness of CD44s and its ligands as multipurpose EV biomarkers, because they are upregulated in inflammatory, injured, and cancer cells and accumulate on the surface of EVs secreted in these situations.
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25
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Parameswaran S, Vizeacoumar FS, Kalyanasundaram Bhanumathy K, Qin F, Islam MF, Toosi BM, Cunningham CE, Mousseau DD, Uppalapati MC, Stirling PC, Wu Y, Bonham K, Freywald A, Li H, Vizeacoumar FJ. Molecular characterization of an MLL1 fusion and its role in chromosomal instability. Mol Oncol 2018; 13:422-440. [PMID: 30548174 PMCID: PMC6360371 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements involving the mixed‐lineage leukemia (MLL1) gene are common in a unique group of acute leukemias, with more than 100 fusion partners in this malignancy alone. However, do these fusions occur or have a role in solid tumors? We performed extensive network analyses of MLL1‐fusion partners in patient datasets, revealing that multiple MLL1‐fusion partners exhibited significant interactions with the androgen‐receptor signaling pathway. Further exploration of tumor sequence data from TCGA predicts the presence of MLL1 fusions with truncated SET domain in prostate tumors. To investigate the physiological relevance of MLL1 fusions in solid tumors, we engineered a truncated version of MLL1 by fusing it with one of its known fusion partners, ZC3H13, to use as a model system. Functional characterization with cell‐based assays revealed that MLL1‐ZC3H13 fusion induced chromosomal instability, affected mitotic progression, and enhanced tumorsphere formation. The MLL1‐ZC3H13 chimera consistently increased the expression of a cancer stem cell marker (CD44); in addition, we detected potential collateral lethality between DOT1L and MLL1 fusions. Our work reveals that MLL1 fusions are likely prevalent in solid tumors and exhibit a potential pro‐tumorigenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejit Parameswaran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Frederick S Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Fujun Qin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Md Fahmid Islam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Behzad M Toosi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Chelsea E Cunningham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Darrell D Mousseau
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry and Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Maruti C Uppalapati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Peter C Stirling
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yuliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Keith Bonham
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Franco J Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Canada
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26
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Song GQ, Zhao Y. MAC30 knockdown involved in the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1305-1311. [PMID: 29990302 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Down-regulation of the meningioma-associated protein (MAC30) gene has been found in many solid cancers. This study was carried out to determine the roles and the mechanisms of MAC30 in breast cancer. We used our own data and a public database to analyze the MAC30 mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer tissues. In addition, we established MAC30 knockdown breast cancer cells using MAC30 siRNA. The roles of MAC30 were detected by using the Soft agar assay, Annexin-V-FITC/PI double staining and the Transwell assay. Western blotting was used to analyze the potential mechanism(s) of MAC30 in these cells. We found that MAC30 mRNA and protein were higher in the cancer tissues compared to the matched normal tissues. MAC30 expression was associated with tumor size, tumor differentiation and estrogen receptor (ER) status. Overall survival rate of the patients with low MAC30 expression was obviously higher than the ones with high expression. The apoptotic ratio was lower in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 cells with MAC30 expression. By Western blot analysis, we found that increased levels of phosphorylated YAP1, MST1 and LATS1 after MAC30 siRNA transfection in these two cells. In summary, we demonstrate that MAC30 knockdown is involved in the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Song
- Department of Breast Surgery , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District , Shenyang, Liaoning 110004 , P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District , Shenyang, Liaoning 110004 , P.R. China
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27
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Thapa S, Chetry M, Huang K, Peng Y, Wang J, Wang J, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Xue Y, Ji K. Significance of aquaporins' expression in the prognosis of gastric cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171687. [PMID: 29678898 PMCID: PMC5997799 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancy at present with leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small, integral membrane proteins, which have been evidenced to play a crucial role in cell migration and proliferation of different cancer cells including gastric cancers. However, the aberrant expression of specific AQPs and its correlation to detect predictive and prognostic significance in gastric cancer remains elusive. In the present study, we comprehensively explored immunohistochemistry based map of protein expression profiles in normal tissues, cancer and cell lines from publicly available Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Moreover, to improve our understanding of general gastric biology and guide to find novel predictive prognostic gastric cancer biomarker, we also retrieved 'The Kaplan-Meier plotter' (KM plotter) online database with specific AQPs mRNA to overall survival (OS) in different clinicopathological features. We revealed that ubiquitous expression of AQPs protein can be effective tools to generate gastric cancer biomarker. Furthermore, high level AQP3, AQP9, and AQP11 mRNA expression were correlated with better OS in all gastric patients, whereas AQP0, AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, AQP8, and AQP10 mRNA expression were associated with poor OS. With regard to the clinicopathological features including Laurens classification, clinical stage, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and different treatment strategy, we could illustrate significant role of individual AQP mRNA expression in the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Thus, our results indicated that AQP's protein and mRNA expression in gastric cancer patients provide effective role to predict prognosis and act as an essential agent to therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Thapa
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mandika Chetry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Kaiyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yangpei Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiaoni Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yigen Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yangjing Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Kangting Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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28
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Abouelghar A, Hasnah R, Taouk G, Saad M, Karam M. Prognostic values of the mRNA expression of natural killer receptor ligands and their association with clinicopathological features in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27171-27196. [PMID: 29930758 PMCID: PMC6007477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that have potent cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. NK cell recognition and activity towards cancer cells are regulated by an integrated interplay between numerous inhibitory and activating receptors acting in concert to eliminate tumor cells expressing cognate ligands. Despite strong evidence supporting the role of NK cells in breast cancer (BC) control, BC still develops and progresses to form large tumors and metastases. A major mechanism of BC escape from NK immunity is the alteration of the expression of NK receptor ligands. The aim of this study was to determine whether NK receptor ligands' mRNA expression might influence prognosis in BC patients and whether these effects differ by molecular subtypes and clinicopathological features. METHODS We used the KM plotter platform to analyze the correlation between mRNA expression of 32 NK receptor ligands and relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in 3951 and 1402 BC patients, respectively. The association with tumor subtypes and clinicopathological features was determined. BC samples were split into high and low expression groups according to the best cutoff value and the two patient cohorts were compared by Kaplan-Meier survival plots. The hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals and log rank P values were calculated and FDR-adjusted for multiple testing correction. The data was considered to be statistically significant when FDR-adjusted P value < 0.05. RESULTS High mRNA expression of around 80% of ligands for NK activating and inhibitory receptors associated with better RFS, which correlated with longer OS for only about half of the NK-activating ligands but for most NK-inhibitory ligands. Also, five NK-activating ligands correlated with worse prognosis. These prognostic values were differentially associated with the BC clinical criteria. In addition, the favorable prognostic influence of NK-activating ligands' upregulation, as a whole, was mainly significantly associated with HER2-positive and basal-like subtypes, lymph node positive phenotype, and high-grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS NK receptor ligands appear to play an important role in defining BC patient prognosis. Identification of a group of patients with worse prognosis expressing high levels of NK-activating ligands and low levels of NK-inhibitory ligands makes them ideal potential candidates for NK-based immunotherapy to eliminate residual tumor cells, prevent relapse and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abouelghar
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reem Hasnah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghina Taouk
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamad Saad
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manale Karam
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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29
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Barbarisi M, Iaffaioli RV, Armenia E, Schiavo L, De Sena G, Tafuto S, Barbarisi A, Quagliariello V. Novel nanohydrogel of hyaluronic acid loaded with quercetin alone and in combination with temozolomide as new therapeutic tool, CD44 targeted based, of glioblastoma multiforme. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6550-6564. [PMID: 29030990 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer with only ∼3% of patients surviving more than 3 years from diagnosis. Several mechanisms are involved in drug and radiation resistance to anticancer treatments and among them one of the most important factors is the tumor microenvironment status, characterized by cancer cell hypersecretion of interleukins and cytokines. The aim of our research was the synthesis of a nanocarrier of quercetin combined with temozolomide, to enhance the specificity and efficacy of this anticancer drug commonly used in glioblastoma treatment. The nanohydrogel increased the internalization and cytotoxicity of quercetin in human glioblastoma cells and, when co-delivered with temozolomide, contribute to an improved anticancer effect. The nanohydrogel loaded with quercetin had the ability to recognize CD44 receptor, a brain cancer cell marker, through an energy and caveolae dependent mechanism of internalization. Moreover, nanohydrogel of quercetin was able to reduce significantly IL-8, IL-6, and VEGF production in pro-inflammatory conditions with interesting implications on the mechanism of glioblastoma cells drug resistance. In summary, novel CD44 targeted polymeric based nanocarriers appear to be proficient in mediating site-specific delivery of quercetin via CD44 receptor in glioblastoma cells. This targeted therapy lead to an improved therapeutic efficacy of temozolomide by modulating the brain tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Barbarisi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario V Iaffaioli
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS - Foundation G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Armenia
- Department of Thoracic and Cardio-Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Schiavo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardio-Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Sena
- Department of Thoracic and Cardio-Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tafuto
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS - Foundation G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Barbarisi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardio-Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS - Foundation G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.,Department of Thoracic and Cardio-Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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30
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Prognostic values of aquaporins mRNA expression in human ovarian cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180108. [PMID: 29472315 PMCID: PMC5920140 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of transmembrane channel, are composed of 13 identified members (AQP0–12). Accumulating evidences reported that AQPs were correlated with various biological roles and represented a prognostic predictor in various cancer types. However, the prognostic value of AQPs expression in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Using ‘Kaplan–Meier plotter’ (KM plotter) online database, we explored the predictive prognostic value of individual AQPs members’ mRNA expression to overall survival (OS) in different clinical data, such as histology, pathological grades, clinical stages, TP53 status, and applied chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients. Our results revealed that higher AQP0, AQP1, and AQP4 mRNA expression were correlated with poor OS, whereas higher AQP3, AQP5, AQP6, AQP8, AQP10, and AQP11 showed better OS in ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, AQP4 and AQP8 showed poor OS in TP53-mutated ovarian cancer patients and AQP1 presented unfavorable OS in both TP53 mutated and wild ovarian cancer patients. Additionally, AQP3, AQP6, and AQP11 mRNA expression were correlated with better OS, whereas AQP0 and AQP1 showed poor OS in all ovarian cancer patients treated with Platin, Taxol, and Taxol + Platin chemotherapy. AQP5, AQP8, and AQP10 were associated with improved OS, however, AQP4 predicted unfavorable OS in all patients treated with Platin chemotherapy. Our results suggest that individual AQPs, except AQP2 and AQP9, are associated with unique prognostic significance and may thus act as new predictive prognostic indicators and potential drug therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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31
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Li W, Jia H, Wang J, Guan H, Li Y, Zhang D, Tang Y, Wang TD, Lu S. A CD44-specific peptide, RP-1, exhibits capacities of assisting diagnosis and predicting prognosis of gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30063-30076. [PMID: 28415792 PMCID: PMC5444726 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis are both crucial for preventing poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC), a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), an indicator of cancer stem cells, can be specifically targeted by molecular probes and detected in tissues of GC in a large quantity. In current study we found that RP-1, a specific peptide binding to CD44 protein, exhibited the potentials of specific binding to CD44 high-expressing cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and the capacity of predicting prognosis of human GC in a microarray assay. Results showed that RP-1 was characterized by high affinity, sensitivity and specificity, and low toxicity, suggesting RP-1 could be an ideal bio-probe for accessory diagnosis of GC. Further immunohistochemical studies and statistical analysis of tissue microarray of human GC demonstrated similar sensitivity and specificity of RP-1 with the monoclonal anti-CD44 antibody in the diagnosis of GC, and even proved that positive RP-1 could be an independent risk factor. Therefore, this study suggests RP-1 has the potentials of binding to CD44 protein expressed on the membrane of GC cells, and demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of its further application in molecular diagnosis and prognostic prediction of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R.China
| | - Huan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710077, P.R.China
| | - Jichang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R.China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R.China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R.China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R.China
| | - Yanan Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R.China
| | - Thomas D Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R.China
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Ullmann P, Qureshi-Baig K, Rodriguez F, Ginolhac A, Nonnenmacher Y, Ternes D, Weiler J, Gäbler K, Bahlawane C, Hiller K, Haan S, Letellier E. Hypoxia-responsive miR-210 promotes self-renewal capacity of colon tumor-initiating cells by repressing ISCU and by inducing lactate production. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65454-65470. [PMID: 27589845 PMCID: PMC5323168 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low oxygen concentrations (hypoxia) are known to affect the cellular metabolism and have been suggested to regulate a subpopulation of cancer cells with tumorigenic properties, the so-called tumor-initiating cells (TICs). To better understand the mechanism of hypoxia-induced TIC activation, we set out to study the role of hypoxia-responsive miRNAs in recently established colon cancer patient-derived TICs. We were able to show that low oxygen concentrations consistently lead to the upregulation of miR-210 in different primary TIC-enriched cultures. Both stable overexpression of miR-210 and knockdown of its target gene ISCU resulted in enhanced TIC self-renewal. We could validate the tumorigenic properties of miR- 210 in in vivo experiments by showing that ectopic expression of miR-210 results in increased tumor incidence. Furthermore, enhanced miR-210 expression correlated with reduced TCA cycle activity and increased lactate levels. Importantly, by blocking lactate production via inhibition of LDHA, we could reverse the promoting effect of miR-210 on self-renewal capacity, thereby emphasizing the regulatory impact of the glycolytic phenotype on colon TIC properties. Finally, by assessing expression levels in patient tissue, we could demonstrate the clinical relevance of the miR-210/ISCU signaling axis for colorectal carcinoma. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of hypoxia-induced miR-210 in the regulation of colon cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit Ullmann
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Komal Qureshi-Baig
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Fabien Rodriguez
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélien Ginolhac
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Dominik Ternes
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jil Weiler
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Karoline Gäbler
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christelle Bahlawane
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Prognostic Roles of mRNA Expression of S100 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9815806. [PMID: 29607329 PMCID: PMC5828052 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9815806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The S100 protein family is involved in cancer cell invasion and metastasis, but its prognostic value in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been elucidated. In the present study we investigated the prognostic role of mRNA expression of each individual S100 in NSCLC patients through the Kaplan-Meier plotter (KM plotter) database. Expression of 14 members of the S100 family correlated with overall survival (OS) for all NSCLC patients; 18 members were associated with OS in adenocarcinoma, but none were associated with OS in squamous cell carcinoma. In particular, high mRNA expression level of S100B was associated with better OS in NSCLC patients. The prognostic value of S100 according to smoking status, pathological grades, clinical stages, and chemotherapeutic treatment of NSCLC was further assessed. Although the results should be further verified in clinical trials our findings provide new insights into the prognostic roles of S100 proteins in NSCLC and might promote development of S100-targeted inhibitors for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Abstract
Tumor endothelial cells (TEC) play an indispensible role in tumor growth and metastasis although much of the detailed mechanism still remains elusive. In this study we characterized and compared the global gene expression profiles of TECs and control ECs isolated from human breast cancerous tissues and reduction mammoplasty tissues respectively by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Based on the qualified scRNA-seq libraries that we made, we found that 1302 genes were differentially expressed between these two EC phenotypes. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and heat map-based hierarchical clustering separated the cancerous versus control ECs as two distinctive clusters, and MetaCore disease biomarker analysis indicated that these differentially expressed genes are highly correlated with breast neoplasm diseases. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis software (GSEA) enriched these genes to extracellular matrix (ECM) signal pathways and highlighted 127 ECM-associated genes. External validation verified some of these ECM-associated genes are not only generally overexpressed in various cancer tissues but also specifically overexpressed in colorectal cancer ECs and lymphoma ECs. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that ECM-associated genes play pivotal roles in breast cancer EC biology and some of them could serve as potential TEC biomarkers for various cancers.
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Xiong J, Zhang X, Chen X, Wei Y, Lu DG, Han YW, Xu J, Yu D. Prognostic roles of mRNA expression of notch receptors in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13157-13165. [PMID: 28061457 PMCID: PMC5355084 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signalling is aberrantly activated in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, the prognostic roles of mRNA expression of four Notch receptors in NSCLC patients remain elusive. In this report, we reported the prognostic roles of Notch receptors in a total of 1,926 NSCLC patients through “The Kaplan-Meier plotter” (KM plotter) database which is capable to assess the effect of 22,277 genes on survival of NSCLC patients. We found that mRNA high expression level of Notch1 was associated with better overall survival (OS) for all NSCLC patients, hazard ratio (HR) 0.78 (0.69-0.89), p=0.00019, better OS in adenocarcinoma (Ade) patients, HR 0.59 (0.46-0.75), p=1.5e-05, as well as in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, HR 0.78 (0.62-0.99), p=0.044. mRNA high expression levels of Notch2 and Notch3 were associated with worsen OS for all NSCLC patients, as well as in Ade, but not in SCC patients. mRNA high expression level of Notch4 was not found to be associated with to OS for all NSCLC patients. In addition, mRNA high expression levels of Notch2, Notch3, but Notch4 are significantly associated with the NSCLC patients who have different smoking status. Our results indicate that mRNA expression of Notch receptors may have distinct prognostic values in NSCLC patients. These results will benefit for developing tools to accurately predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Xiong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xianglai Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - De-Guo Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yun-Wei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
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