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Ashirbekov Y, Seidualy M, Abaildayev A, Maxutova A, Zhunussova A, Akilzhanova A, Sharipov K, Sabitov Z, Zhabagin M. Genetic polymorphism of Y-chromosome in Kazakh populations from Southern Kazakhstan. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:649. [PMID: 37891458 PMCID: PMC10612363 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kazakhs are one of the biggest Turkic-speaking ethnic groups, controlling vast swaths of land from the Altai to the Caspian Sea. In terms of area, Kazakhstan is ranked ninth in the world. Northern, Eastern, and Western Kazakhstan have already been studied in relation to genetic polymorphism 27 Y-STR. However, current information on the genetic polymorphism of the Y-chromosome of Southern Kazakhstan is limited only by 17 Y-STR and no geographical study of other regions has been studied at this variation. RESULTS The Kazakhstan Y-chromosome Haplotype Reference Database was expanded with 468 Kazakh males from the Zhambyl and Turkestan regions of South Kazakhstan by having their 27 Y-STR loci and 23 Y-SNP markers analyzed. Discrimination capacity (DC = 91.23%), haplotype match probability (HPM = 0.0029) and haplotype diversity (HD = 0.9992) are defined. Most of this Y-chromosome variability is attributed to haplogroups C2a1a1b1-F1756 (2.1%), C2a1a2-M48 (7.3%), C2a1a3-F1918 (33.3%) and C2b1a1a1a-M407 (6%). Median-joining network analysis was applied to understand the relationship between the haplotypes of the three regions. In three genetic layer can be described the position of the populations of the Southern region of Kazakhstan-the geographic Kazakh populations of Kazakhstan, the Kazakh tribal groups, and the people of bordering Asia. CONCLUSION The Kazakhstan Y-chromosome Haplotype Reference Database was formed for 27 Y-STR loci with a total sample of 1796 samples of Kazakhs from 16 regions of Kazakhstan. The variability of the Y-chromosome of the Kazakhs in a geographical context can be divided into four main clusters-south, north, east, west. At the same time, in the genetic space of tribal groups, the population of southern Kazakhs clusters with tribes from the same region, and genetic proximity is determined with the populations of the Hazaras of Afghanistan and the Mongols of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeldar Ashirbekov
- M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Madina Seidualy
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Arman Abaildayev
- M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | - Kamalidin Sharipov
- M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhaxylyk Sabitov
- Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Maxat Zhabagin
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Ashirbekov Y, Nogay A, Abaildayev A, Zhunussova A, Sabitov Z, Zhabagin M. Genetic polymorphism of 27 Y-STR loci in Kazakh populations from Eastern Kazakhstan. Ann Hum Biol 2023; 50:48-51. [PMID: 36650935 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2023.2170465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of a national haplotype database is important for forensic and genetic applications and requires studying genetic polymorphisms at Y-STR sites. However, the genetic structure of the Eastern Kazakhstan population is poorly characterised. AIM To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 27 Y-STR loci in the Kazakh population from Eastern Kazakhstan and analyse the population genetic relationships of the Eastern Kazakhs with other populations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The Yfiler Plus kit was utilised to genotype 246 healthy, unrelated males from Eastern Kazakhstan. Based on the raw data, haplotype and allele frequencies along with forensic parameters were calculated, and an MDS plot was constructed. RESULTS A total of 207 haplotypes were detected, of which 186 were unique. The haplotype diversity and discrimination capacity were 0.997 and 0.841, respectively. Population comparisons showed that Eastern Kazakhs have close genetic relationships with Kazakhs from Xinjiang, China. At the same time, a difference was found between the studied population and the previous one in the same part of Kazakhstan. CONCLUSIONS The obtained haplotypes will help to expand the Kazakhstan Y-chromosome reference database and will be useful for future genetic research and forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeldar Ashirbekov
- M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Anastassiya Nogay
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.,School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Arman Abaildayev
- M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Zhunussova
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zhaxylyk Sabitov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.,L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.,Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Maxat Zhabagin
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Khussainova E, Kisselev I, Iksan O, Bekmanov B, Skvortsova L, Garshin A, Kuzovleva E, Zhaniyazov Z, Zhunussova G, Musralina L, Kahbatkyzy N, Amirgaliyeva A, Begmanova M, Seisenbayeva A, Bespalova K, Perfilyeva A, Abylkassymova G, Farkhatuly A, Good SV, Djansugurova L. Genetic Relationship Among the Kazakh People Based on Y-STR Markers Reveals Evidence of Genetic Variation Among Tribes and Zhuz. Front Genet 2022; 12:801295. [PMID: 35069700 PMCID: PMC8777105 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.801295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnogenesis of Kazakhs took place in Central Asia, a region of high genetic and cultural diversity. Even though archaeological and historical studies have shed some light on the formation of modern Kazakhs, the process of establishment of hierarchical socioeconomic structure in the Steppe remains contentious. In this study, we analyzed haplotype variation at 15 Y-chromosomal short-tandem-repeats obtained from 1171 individuals from 24 tribes representing the three socio-territorial subdivisions (Senior, Middle and Junior zhuz) in Kazakhstan to comprehensively characterize the patrilineal genetic architecture of the Kazakh Steppe. In total, 577 distinct haplotypes were identified belonging to one of 20 haplogroups; 16 predominant haplogroups were confirmed by SNP-genotyping. The haplogroup distribution was skewed towards C2-M217, present in all tribes at a global frequency of 51.9%. Despite signatures of spatial differences in haplotype frequencies, a Mantel test failed to detect a statistically significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance between individuals. An analysis of molecular variance found that ∼8.9% of the genetic variance among individuals was attributable to differences among zhuzes and ∼20% to differences among tribes within zhuzes. The STRUCTURE analysis of the 1164 individuals indicated the presence of 20 ancestral groups and a complex three-subclade organization of the C2-M217 haplogroup in Kazakhs, a result supported by the multidimensional scaling analysis. Additionally, while the majority of the haplotypes and tribes overlapped, a distinct cluster of the O2 haplogroup, mostly of the Naiman tribe, was observed. Thus, firstly, our analysis indicated that the majority of Kazakh tribes share deep heterogeneous patrilineal ancestries, while a smaller fraction of them are descendants of a founder paternal ancestor. Secondly, we observed a high frequency of the C2-M217 haplogroups along the southern border of Kazakhstan, broadly corresponding to both the path of the Mongolian invasion and the ancient Silk Road. Interestingly, we detected three subclades of the C2-M217 haplogroup that broadly exhibits zhuz-specific clustering. Further study of Kazakh haplotypes variation within a Central Asian context is required to untwist this complex process of ethnogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya Kisselev
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Olzhas Iksan
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhytzhan Bekmanov
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Alexander Garshin
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | - Lyazzat Musralina
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | | | - Kira Bespalova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | - Sara V. Good
- The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Zhabagin MK, Damba LD, Korotkova NA, Chernishenko DN, Utrivan SA, Pilev VY, Olkova MV, Balanovska EV, Yankovsky NK, Balanovsky OP. Analysis of Clan Structure of Tuvans by Y-Chromosome Markers. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420060137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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