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Zhang Z, Li ZY, Zhang FJ, Zheng PF, Ma N, Li L, Li H, Sun P, Zhang S, Wang XF, Lu XY, You CX. A viroid-derived small interfering RNA targets bHLH transcription factor MdPIF1 to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Malus domestica. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39049759 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Fruit colour is a critical determinant for the appearance quality and commercial value of apple fruits. Viroid-induced dapple symptom severely affects the fruit coloration, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we identified an apple dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd)-derived small interfering RNA, named vsiR693, which targeted the mRNA coding for a bHLH transcription factor MdPIF1 (PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 1) to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. 5' RLM-RACE and artificial microRNA transient expression system proved that vsiR693 directly targeted the mRNA of MdPIF1 for cleavage. MdPIF1 positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in both apple calli and fruits, and it directly bound to G-box element in the promoter of MdPAL and MdF3H, two anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, to promote their transcription. Expression of vsiR693 negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in both apple calli and fruits. Furthermore, co-expression of vsiR693 and MdPIF1 suppressed MdPIF1-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruits. Infiltration of ADFVd infectious clone suppressed coloration surrounding the injection sites in apple fruits, while a mutated version of ADFVd, in which the vsiR693 producing region was mutated, failed to repress fruit coloration around the injection sites. These data provide evidence that a viroid-derived small interfering RNA targets host transcription factor to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fu-Jun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ning Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lianzhen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Haojian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ping Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Mulema J, Day R, Nunda W, Akutse KS, Bruce AY, Gachamba S, Haukeland S, Kahuthia-Gathu R, Kibet S, Koech A, Kosiom T, Miano DW, Momanyi G, Murungi LK, Muthomi JW, Mwangi J, Mwangi M, Mwendo N, Nderitu JH, Nyasani J, Otipa M, Wambugu S, Were E, Makale F, Doughty L, Edgington S, Rwomushana I, Kenis M. Prioritization of invasive alien species with the potential to threaten agriculture and biodiversity in Kenya through horizon scanning. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInvasive alien species (IAS) rank among the most significant drivers of species extinction and ecosystem degradation resulting in significant impacts on socio-economic development. The recent exponential spread of IAS in most of Africa is attributed to poor border biosecurity due to porous borders that have failed to prevent initial introductions. In addition, countries lack adequate information about potential invasions and have limited capacity to reduce the risk of invasions. Horizon scanning is an approach that prioritises the risks of potential IAS through rapid assessments. A group of 28 subject matter experts used an adapted methodology to assess 1700 potential IAS on a 5-point scale for the likelihood of entry and establishment, potential socio-economic impact, and impact on biodiversity. The individual scores were combined to rank the species according to their overall potential risk for the country. Confidence in individual and overall scores was recorded on a 3-point scale. This resulted in a priority list of 120 potential IAS (70 arthropods, 9 nematodes, 15 bacteria, 19 fungi/chromist, 1 viroid, and 6 viruses). Options for risk mitigation such as full pest risk analysis and detection surveys were suggested for prioritised species while species for which no immediate action was suggested, were added to the plant health risk register and a recommendation was made to regularly monitor the change in risk. By prioritising risks, horizon scanning guides resource allocation to interventions that are most likely to reduce risk and is very useful to National Plant Protection Organisations and other relevant stakeholders.
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Advances in RNA-Silencing-Related Resistance against Viruses in Potato. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050731. [PMID: 35627117 PMCID: PMC9141481 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato is a major food crop that has the potential to feed the increasing global population. Potato is the fourth most important crop and a staple food for many people worldwide. The traditional breeding of potato poses many challenges because of its autotetraploid nature and its tendency toward inbreeding depression. Moreover, potato crops suffer considerable production losses because of infections caused by plant viruses. In this context, RNA silencing technology has been successfully applied in model and crop species. In this review, we describe the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms, including small-interfering RNA, microRNA, and artificial microRNA, which may be used to engineer resistance against potato viruses. We also explore the latest advances in the development of antiviral strategies to enhance resistance against potato virus X, potato virus Y, potato virus A, potato leafroll virus, and potato spindle tuber viroid. Furthermore, the challenges in RNAi that need to be overcome are described in this review. Altogether, this report would be insightful for the researchers attempting to understand the RNAi-mediated resistance against viruses in potato.
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