[Сases of human convalescence from rabies and lifetime diagnostics of lyssavirus encephalitis.]

Early diagnosis of rabies virus infection by RPA-CRISPR techniques in a rat model

Rabies, which is caused by rabies virus (RABV), poses an ever-present threat to public health in most countries of the world. Once clinical signs appear, the mortality of rabies approaches 100%. To date, no effective method for early rabies diagnosis has been developed. In this study, an RPA-CRISPR nucleic-acid-based assay was developed for early rabies diagnosis by detecting viral RNA shedding in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats. This method can detect a single copy of RABV genomic RNA in 1 μL of liquid. RABV genomic RNA released from viral particles in the CSF could be detected via RPA-CRISPR as early as 3 days postinfection in a rat model. This study provides an RPA-CRISPR technique for early detection of RABV with potential application in the clinical diagnosis of human rabies.

[Epizootic characteristics of rabies and rabies assistance in the territory of the Kirov region in the years 2010-2018.]

INTRODUCTION

One of the negative consequences of an increase in the incidence of animal rabies is the increased risk of human infection.

OBJECTIVES

study of the main manifestations of rabies epizootic and the status of anti-rabies care in the Kirov region in 2010-2018.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Reporting forms of monitoring the situation of rabies FBHI "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Kirov Region" for 2010-2018 were statistically processed and studied.

RESULTS

Since 2014, increase in the incidence of rabies among animals and expansion of the boundaries of the range have been revealed. Rabies is recorded among foxes (67%), raccoon dogs (up to 40%), domestic and farm animals. Every year in Kirov region over 4 thousand people get injured from animals: dogs (76%) and cats (20%). Damage is often localized on the lower extremities (34%) and was the most dangerous on the head, neck, face, hands (29%). In average of 3,500 victims are sent to immunization.

DISCUSSION

An inverse correlation dependence between preventive oral immunization of wild animals and contacts of people with rabid animals was revealed. A high percentage of refusals from vaccination (up to 31%) is associated with low sanitary literacy of the population.

CONCLUSION

The problem of rabies is relevant for the Kirov region. An increase of the proportion of infected domestic and farm animals leads to an increase the risk of human disease. In order to stabilize rabies epizootic, it is necessary to carry out the whole complex of prophylactic measures.