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Watermann LY, Rotert J, Erfmeier A. Coming home: Back-introduced invasive genotypes might pose an underestimated risk in the species´ native range. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.78.91394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions are considered a significant challenge both from an ecological and economical perspective. Compared to the native range, environmental conditions in the invasive range often favor more competitive genotypes. Little attention, however, has so far been paid to the possibility that these invasive and competitive genotypes might also be back-introduced into a species’ native range, where they could trigger a problematic increase in abundance or expansion. The frequency with which this occurs in the species´ native range might be an underestimated aspect in nature conservation. We transplanted native and invasive individuals of the biennial model species Jacobaea vulgaris into field sites of naturally occurring populations within the species’ native range. The aim was to test whether back-introduced invasive origins show decreased performance, e.g., because of the reunion with specialized herbivores or plant-soil-feedbacks or whether they have the potential to trigger problematic population dynamics in the species’ native range. We ran an additional greenhouse experiment to specifically address soil-borne effects in the species’ native habitats. We found that invasive individuals generally outperformed the native transplants if compared in the field sites. By contrast, there were no origin-dependent differences in the greenhouse experiment. Our findings clearly indicate that testing for origin effects exclusively under controlled conditions might underestimate the potential of invasive genotypes to trigger invasion processes in habitats of the species’ native range. Although differences in performance mediated by soil-borne effects were not associated with plant origin, field site susceptibility to J. vulgaris colonization varied largely. Identifying the exact factors driving these differences, offers another focal point to minimize the risk of a detrimental increase in the abundance or expansion of this highly invasive species in its home range.
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Liu X, Bezemer TM. Current and legacy effects of neighborhood communities on plant growth and aboveground herbivory. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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Wiggering H, Diekötter T, Donath TW. Regulation of Jacobaea vulgaris by varied cutting and restoration measures. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0248094. [PMID: 36201549 PMCID: PMC9536583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of the noxious grassland weed Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. in pastures is a threat to grazing animals. This is especially true when it dominates vegetation cover, which often occurs on non-intensively used pastures that are managed for nature-conservation, to maintain and promote biodiversity. Thus, we wanted to find management techniques to reduce J. vulgaris without harming the floral biodiversity on the pastures. We tested six different mechanical and cultural methods to reduce the presence and spread of J. vulgaris. Seven study sites in Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein) were treated with tilling and seeding (1), tilling and hay transfer (2), mowing twice within bloom (3), mowing before seed set and combinations of mowing and seeding with a slit drill (5) or by hand (6). Our results show that cutting within the bloom of the plant at the end of June and again four weeks later, when the plant is in its second bloom was the only treatment leading to a significant reduction in population growth rate without reducing surrounding plant species richness. The study reveals that management of J. vulgaris in non-intensively used pastures is possible, while preserving species-rich grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Wiggering
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Diekötter
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias W Donath
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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van Dijk LJA, Abdelfattah A, Ehrlén J, Tack AJM. Soil microbiomes drive aboveground plant–pathogen–insect interactions. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. A. van Dijk
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Inst. of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz Univ. of Technology Graz Austria
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
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Berendse F, Geerts RHEM, Elberse WT, Bezemer TM, Goedhart PW, Xue W, Noordijk E, Braak CJF, Korevaar H. A matter of time: Recovery of plant species diversity in wild plant communities at declining nitrogen deposition. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Berendse
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Rob H. E. M. Geerts
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Wim Th. Elberse
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Thiemo Martijn Bezemer
- Institute of Biology Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Paul W. Goedhart
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Wei Xue
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology Taizhou University Taizhou China
| | - Erik Noordijk
- Centre for Environmental Quality National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Cajo J. F. Braak
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Hein Korevaar
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
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Conspecific and heterospecific grass litter effects on seedling emergence and growth in ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246459. [PMID: 33529241 PMCID: PMC7853490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. or common ragwort is a widespread noxious grassland weed that is subject to different regulation measures worldwide. Seedling emergence and growth are the most crucial stages for most plants during their life cycle. Therefore, heterospecific grass or conspecific ragwort litter as well as soil-mediated effects may be of relevance for ragwort control. Our study examines the effects of conspecific and heterospecific litter as well as ragwort conditioned soil on seedling emergence and growth. We conducted pot experiments to estimate the influence of soil conditioning (with, without ragwort), litter type (grass, ragwort, grass-ragwort-mix) and amount (200 g/m², 400 g/m²) on J. vulgaris recruitment. As response parameters, we assessed seedling number, biomass, height and number of seedling leaves. We found that 200 g/m² grass litter led to higher seedling numbers, while litter composed of J. vulgaris reduced seedling emergence. Litter amounts of 400 g/m² had negative effects on the number of seedlings regardless of the litter type. Results for biomass, plant height and leaf number showed opposing patterns to seedling numbers. Seedlings in pots treated with high litter amounts and seedlings in ragwort litter became heavier, grew higher and had more leaves. Significant effects of the soil conditioned by ragwort on seedling emergence and growth were negligible. The study confirms that the amount and composition of litter strongly affect seedling emergence and growth of J. vulgaris. Moreover, while conspecific litter and high litter amounts negatively affected early seedling development in ragwort, those seedlings that survived accumulated more biomass and got taller than seedlings grown in heterospecific or less dense litter. Therefore, ragwort litter has negative effects in ragwort germination, but positive effects in ragwort growth. Thus, leaving ragwort litter on pastures will not reduce ragwort establishment and growth and cannot be used as management tool.
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Endophytic fungal community structure in olive orchards with high and low incidence of olive anthracnose. Sci Rep 2021; 11:689. [PMID: 33436767 PMCID: PMC7804420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes have been increasingly recognized to promote host plant protection to pathogens, but knowledge of the multiple effects that they could have in crop diseases is still scarce. This work attempts to understand the role of fungal endophytes in crop diseases, specifically in reducing disease development and interfering on lifestyle transition of the pathogen. To accomplish this, the endophytic fungal community of reproductive organs of olive tree from two orchards showing different levels of anthracnose incidence, a major disease of olive fruits, was characterized and compared between them. The two orchards showed distinct endophytic communities, differing in species richness, abundance and composition, with highest isolation rates and richness of endophytes in the orchard with low anthracnose incidence. These differences among orchards were greater on fruits than on flowers, suggesting that these changes in endophytic fungal composition may influence the lifestyle shifts in pathogen (from latent to pathogen). A number of fungal taxa were found to be positively associated to one of the two orchards. The fungal endophytes best correlated with high incidence of anthracnose are pathogens, while endophytes-associated to low anthracnose incidence are described to protect plants. Altogether, the results suggest varying pathogen-endophyte interactions among the two orchards.
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8
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Kostenko O, Bezemer TM. Abiotic and Biotic Soil Legacy Effects of Plant Diversity on Plant Performance. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Huberty M, Martis B, van Kampen J, Choi YH, Vrieling K, Klinkhamer PGL, Bezemer TM. Soil Inoculation Alters Leaf Metabolic Profiles in Genetically Identical Plants. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:745-755. [PMID: 32020484 PMCID: PMC7429552 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic properties of soil can influence growth and chemical composition of plants. Although it is well-known that soil microbial composition can vary greatly spatially, how this variation affects plant chemical composition is poorly understood. We grew genetically identical Jacobaea vulgaris in sterilized soil inoculated with live soil collected from four natural grasslands and in 100% sterilized soil. Within each grassland we sampled eight plots, totalling 32 different inocula. Two samples per plot were collected, leading to three levels of spatial variation: within plot, between and within grasslands. The leaf metabolome was analysed with 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to investigate if inoculation altered the metabolome of plants and how this varied between and within grasslands. Inoculation led to changes in metabolomics profiles of J. vulgaris in two out of four sites. Plants grown in sterilized and inoculated soils differed in concentrations of malic acid, tyrosine, trehalose and two pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). Metabolomes of plants grown in inoculated soils from different sites varied in glucose, malic acid, trehalose, tyrosine and in one PA. The metabolome of plants grown in soils with inocula from the same site was more similar than with inocula from distant sites. We show that soil influences leaf metabolomes. Performance of aboveground insects often depends on chemical composition of plants. Hence our results imply that soil microbial communities, via affecting aboveground plant metabolomes, can impact aboveground plant-insect food chains but that it is difficult to make general predictions due to spatial variation in soil microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Huberty
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Beverly Martis
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jorian van Kampen
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Klaas Vrieling
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G L Klinkhamer
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dagher DJ, de la Providencia IE, Pitre FE, St-Arnaud M, Hijri M. Plant Identity Shaped Rhizospheric Microbial Communities More Strongly Than Bacterial Bioaugmentation in Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Polluted Sediments. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2144. [PMID: 31572347 PMCID: PMC6753587 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulating the plant-root microbiota has the potential to reduce plant stress and promote their growth and production in harsh conditions. Community composition and activity of plant-roots microbiota can be either beneficial or deleterious to plant health. Shifting this equilibrium could then strongly affect plant productivity in anthropized areas. In this study, we tested whether repeated bioaugmentation with Proteobacteria influenced plant productivity and the microbial communities associated with the rhizosphere of four plant species growing in sediments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). A mesocosm experiment was performed in randomized block design with two factors: (1) presence or absence of four plants species collected from a sedimentation basin of a former petrochemical plant, and (2) bioaugmentation or not with a bacterial consortium composed of ten isolates of Proteobacteria. Plants were grown in a greenhouse over 4 months. MiSeq amplicon sequencing, targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal ITS, was used to assess microbial community structures of sediments from planted or unplanted microcosms. Our results showed that while bioaugmentation caused a significant shift in microbial communities, presence of plant and their species identity had a stronger influence on the structure of the microbiome in PHCs contaminated sediments. The outcome of this study provides knowledge on the diversity and behavior of rhizosphere microbes associated with indigenous plants following repeated bioaugmentation, underlining the importance of plant selection in order to facilitate their efficient management, in order to accelerate processes of land reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri J. Dagher
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric E. Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc St-Arnaud
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Wang M, Ruan W, Kostenko O, Carvalho S, Hannula SE, Mulder PPJ, Bu F, van der Putten WH, Bezemer TM. Removal of soil biota alters soil feedback effects on plant growth and defense chemistry. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1478-1491. [PMID: 30220096 PMCID: PMC6587519 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined how the removal of soil biota affects plant-soil feedback (PSF) and defense chemistry of Jacobaea vulgaris, an outbreak plant species in Europe containing the defense compounds pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Macrofauna and mesofauna, as well as fungi and bacteria, were removed size selectively from unplanted soil or soil planted with J. vulgaris exposed or not to above- or belowground insect herbivores. Wet-sieved fractions, using 1000-, 20-, 5- and 0.2-μm mesh sizes, were added to sterilized soil and new plants were grown. Sieving treatments were verified by molecular analysis of the inocula. In the feedback phase, plant biomass was lowest in soils with 1000- and 20-μm inocula, and soils conditioned with plants gave more negative feedback than without plants. Remarkably, part of this negative PSF effect remained present in the 0.2-μm inoculum where no bacteria were present. PA concentration and composition of plants with 1000- or 20-μm inocula differed from those with 5- or 0.2-μm inocula, but only if soils had been conditioned by undamaged plants or plants damaged by aboveground herbivores. These effects correlated with leaf hyperspectral reflectance. We conclude that size-selective removal of soil biota altered PSFs, but that these PSFs were also influenced by herbivory during the conditioning phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Wang
- College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)PO Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands
- Department of Plant Protection BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesPO Box 102SE‐23053AlnarpSweden
| | - Weibin Ruan
- College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)PO Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Olga Kostenko
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)PO Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Carvalho
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)PO Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - S. Emilia Hannula
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)PO Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Patrick P. J. Mulder
- RIKILT – Wageningen University & ResearchPO Box 2306700 AEWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Fengjiao Bu
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)PO Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 81236700 ESWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - T. Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)PO Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands
- Institute of BiologySection Plant Ecology and PhytochemistryLeiden UniversityPO Box 95052300 RALeidenthe Netherlands
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12
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Zhu F, Heinen R, van der Sluijs M, Raaijmakers C, Biere A, Bezemer TM. Species-specific plant-soil feedbacks alter herbivore-induced gene expression and defense chemistry in Plantago lanceolata. Oecologia 2018; 188:801-811. [PMID: 30109421 PMCID: PMC6208702 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plants actively interact with antagonists and beneficial organisms occurring in the above- and belowground domains of terrestrial ecosystems. In the past decade, studies have focused on the role of plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) in a broad range of ecological processes. However, PSF and its legacy effects on plant defense traits, such as induction of defense-related genes and production of defensive secondary metabolites, have not received much attention. Here, we study soil legacy effects created by twelve common grassland plant species on the induction of four defense-related genes, involved in jasmonic acid signaling, related to chewing herbivore defense (LOX2, PPO7), and in salicylic acid signaling, related to pathogen defense (PR1 and PR2) in Plantago lanceolata in response to aboveground herbivory by Mamestra brassicae. We also assessed soil legacy and herbivory effects on the production of terpenoid defense compounds (the iridoid glycosides aucubin and catalpol) in P. lanceolata. Our results show that both soil legacy and herbivory influence phenotypes of P. lanceolata in terms of induction of Pl PPO7 and Pl LOX2, whereas the expression of Pl PR1 and Pl PR2-1 is not affected by soil legacies, nor by herbivory. We also find species-specific soil legacy effects on the production of aucubin. Moreover, P. lanceolata accumulates more catalpol when they are grown in soils conditioned by grass species. Our study highlights that PSF can influence aboveground plant-insect interactions through the impacts on plant defense traits and suggests that aboveground plant defense responses can be determined, at least partly, by plant-specific legacy effects induced by belowground organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin Heinen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn van der Sluijs
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ciska Raaijmakers
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Biere
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Heinen R, Biere A, Harvey JA, Bezemer TM. Effects of Soil Organisms on Aboveground Plant-Insect Interactions in the Field: Patterns, Mechanisms and the Role of Methodology. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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14
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Abdullah AS, Moffat CS, Lopez-Ruiz FJ, Gibberd MR, Hamblin J, Zerihun A. Host-Multi-Pathogen Warfare: Pathogen Interactions in Co-infected Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1806. [PMID: 29118773 PMCID: PMC5660990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies of plant-pathogen interactions have historically focused on simple models of infection involving single host-single disease systems. However, plant infections often involve multiple species and/or genotypes and exhibit complexities not captured in single host-single disease systems. Here, we review recent insights into co-infection systems focusing on the dynamics of host-multi-pathogen interactions and the implications for host susceptibility/resistance. In co-infection systems, pathogen interactions include: (i) Competition, in which competing pathogens develop physical barriers or utilize toxins to exclude competitors from resource-dense niches; (ii) Cooperation, whereby pathogens beneficially interact, by providing mutual biochemical signals essential for pathogenesis, or through functional complementation via the exchange of resources necessary for survival; (iii) Coexistence, whereby pathogens can stably coexist through niche specialization. Furthermore, hosts are also able to, actively or passively, modulate niche competition through defense responses that target at least one pathogen. Typically, however, virulent pathogens subvert host defenses to facilitate infection, and responses elicited by one pathogen may be modified in the presence of another pathogen. Evidence also exists, albeit rare, of pathogens incorporating foreign genes that broaden niche adaptation and improve virulence. Throughout this review, we draw upon examples of co-infection systems from a range of pathogen types and identify outstanding questions for future innovation in disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araz S. Abdullah
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Caroline S. Moffat
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Francisco J. Lopez-Ruiz
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Mark R. Gibberd
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - John Hamblin
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ayalsew Zerihun
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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15
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Interactive effects of above- and belowground herbivory and plant competition on plant growth and defence. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Jing J, Bezemer TM, van der Putten WH. Interspecific competition of early successional plant species in ex-arable fields as influenced by plant–soil feedback. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Kos M, Bukovinszky T, Mulder PPJ, Bezemer TM. Disentangling above‐ and belowground neighbor effects on the growth, chemistry, and arthropod community on a focal plant. Ecology 2015; 96:164-75. [DOI: 10.1890/14-0563.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Kos
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Bukovinszky
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick P. J. Mulder
- RIKILT-Wageningen UR, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. Martijn Bezemer
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kos M, Tuijl MAB, de Roo J, Mulder PPJ, Bezemer TM. Plant-soil feedback effects on plant quality and performance of an aboveground herbivore interact with fertilisation. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Kos
- Dep of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50, NL-6700 AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Maarten A. B. Tuijl
- Dep of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50, NL-6700 AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Joris de Roo
- Dep of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50, NL-6700 AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Patrick P. J. Mulder
- RIKILT-Wageningen UR, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre; PO Box 230, NL-6700 AE Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - T. Martijn Bezemer
- Dep of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50, NL-6700 AB Wageningen the Netherlands
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19
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Sun Y, Müller-Schärer H, Schaffner U. Plant neighbours rather than soil biota determine impact of an alien plant invader. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution; University of Fribourg; Chemin du Musée 10 Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
- CABI; Rue des Grillons 1 Delémont 2800 Switzerland
| | - Heinz Müller-Schärer
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution; University of Fribourg; Chemin du Musée 10 Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
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Lou Y, Clay SA, Davis AS, Dille A, Felix J, Ramirez AHM, Sprague CL, Yannarell AC. An affinity-effect relationship for microbial communities in plant-soil feedback loops. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 67:866-76. [PMID: 24402363 PMCID: PMC3984409 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Feedback loops involving soil microorganisms can regulate plant populations. Here, we hypothesize that microorganisms are most likely to play a role in plant-soil feedback loops when they possess an affinity for a particular plant and the capacity to consistently affect the growth of that plant for good or ill. We characterized microbial communities using whole-community DNA fingerprinting from multiple "home-and-away" experiments involving giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) and common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and we looked for affinity-effect relationships in these microbial communities. Using canonical ordination and partial least squares regression, we developed indices expressing each microorganism's affinity for ragweed or sunflower and its putative effect on plant biomass, and we used linear regression to analyze the relationship between microbial affinity and effect. Significant linear affinity-effect relationships were found in 75 % of cases. Affinity-effect relationships were stronger for ragweed than for sunflower, and ragweed affinity-effect relationships showed consistent potential for negative feedback loops. The ragweed feedback relationships indicated the potential involvement of multiple microbial taxa, resulting in strong, consistent affinity-effect relationships in spite of large-scale microbial variability between trials. In contrast, sunflower plant-soil feedback may involve just a few key players, making it more sensitive to underlying microbial variation. We propose that affinity-effect relationship can be used to determine key microbial players in plant-soil feedback against a low "signal-to-noise" background of complex microbial datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lou
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Sharon A. Clay
- Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD USA
| | - Adam S. Davis
- USDA-ARS, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Anita Dille
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA
| | - Joel Felix
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvalis, OR USA
| | | | - Christy L. Sprague
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Anthony C. Yannarell
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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21
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Carvalho S, Macel M, Mulder PPJ, Skidmore A, van der Putten WH. Chemical variation in Jacobaea vulgaris is influenced by the interaction of season and vegetation successional stage. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 99:86-94. [PMID: 24412324 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on spatio-temporal dynamics of plant primary and secondary chemistry under natural conditions is important to assess how plant defence varies in real field conditions. Plant primary and secondary chemistry is known to vary with both season and vegetation successional stage, however, in few studies these two sources of variation have been examined in combination. Here we examine variations in primary and secondary chemistry of Jacobaea vulgaris (Asteraceae) throughout the growing season in early, mid, and late stages of secondary succession following land abandonment using a well-established chronosequence in The Netherlands. We investigated primary and secondary chemistry of both leaves and flowers, in order to determine if patterns during seasonal (phenological) development may differ among successional stages. The chemical concentration of primary and secondary chemistry compounds in J. vulgaris varied throughout the season and was affected by vegetation succession stage. Concentrations of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) tertiary-amines were highest in flowers during early Summer and in fields that had been abandoned ten to twenty years ago. PA N-oxide concentrations of both leaves and flowers, on the other hand increased with the progression of both season and succession. In Spring and early Summer chlorophyll concentrations were highest, especially in the oldest fields of the chronosequence. During phenological development, nitrogen concentration increased in flowers and decreased in leaves revealing allocation of nutrients from vegetative to reproductive plant parts throughout the growing season. The highest concentrations of N-oxides and chlorophylls were detected in older fields. Thus, our results suggest that variations in plant patterns of nutritional and defence compounds throughout the growing season are depending on successional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Carvalho
- Dept. of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Dept. Natural Resources, ITC Faculty, University of Twente, PO Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirka Macel
- Dept. of Plant Ecology, Institute for Evolution and Ecology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patrick P J Mulder
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 30, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Skidmore
- Dept. Natural Resources, ITC Faculty, University of Twente, PO Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Dept. of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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van de Voorde TF, van Noppen F, Nachenius RW, Prins W, Mommer L, Van Groenigen JW, Bezemer TM. Biochars produced from individual grassland species differ in their effect on plant growth. Basic Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Local variation in conspecific plant density influences plant–soil feedback in a natural grassland. Basic Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Intraspecific variation in plant size, secondary plant compounds, herbivory and parasitoid assemblages during secondary succession. Basic Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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van de Voorde TF, Ruijten M, van der Putten WH, Bezemer TM. Can the negative plant–soil feedback of Jacobaea vulgaris be explained by autotoxicity? Basic Appl Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Kostenko O, van de Voorde TFJ, Mulder PPJ, van der Putten WH, Martijn Bezemer T. Legacy effects of aboveground-belowground interactions. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:813-21. [PMID: 22594311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Root herbivory can greatly affect the performance of aboveground insects via changes in plant chemistry. These interactions have been studied extensively in experiments where aboveground and belowground insects were feeding on the same plant. However, little is known about how aboveground and belowground organisms interact when they feed on plant individuals that grow after each other in the same soil. We show that feeding by aboveground and belowground insect herbivores on ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris) plants exert unique soil legacy effects, via herbivore-induced changes in the composition of soil fungi. These changes in the soil biota induced by aboveground and belowground herbivores of preceding plants greatly influenced the pyrrolizidine alkaloid content, biomass and aboveground multitrophic interactions of succeeding plants. We conclude that plant-mediated interactions between aboveground and belowground insects are also important when they do not feed simultaneously on the same plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kostenko
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Reidinger S, Eschen R, Gange AC, Finch P, Bezemer TM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, plant chemistry, and aboveground herbivory on Senecio jacobaea. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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van de Voorde TFJ, van der Putten WH, Bezemer TM. The importance of plant-soil interactions, soil nutrients, and plant life history traits for the temporal dynamics of Jacobaea vulgaris in a chronosequence of old-fields. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Yannarell AC, Busby RR, Denight ML, Gebhart DL, Taylor SJ. Soil Bacteria and Fungi Respond on Different Spatial Scales to Invasion by the Legume Lespedeza cuneata. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:127. [PMID: 21687434 PMCID: PMC3109742 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial scale on which microbial communities respond to plant invasions may provide important clues as to the nature of potential invader-microbe interactions. Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don is an invasive legume that may benefit from associations with mycorrhizal fungi; however, it has also been suggested that the plant is allelopathic and may alter the soil chemistry of invaded sites through secondary metabolites in its root exudates or litter. Thus, L. cuneata invasion may interact with soil microorganisms on a variety of scales. We investigated L. cuneata-related changes to soil bacterial and fungal communities at two spatial scales using multiple sites from across its invaded N. American range. Using whole-community DNA fingerprinting, we characterized microbial community variation at the scale of entire invaded sites and at the scale of individual plants. Based on permutational multivariate analysis of variance, soil bacterial communities in heavily invaded sites were significantly different from those of uninvaded sites, but bacteria did not show any evidence of responding at very local scales around individual plants. In contrast, soil fungi did not change significantly at the scale of entire sites, but there were significant differences between fungal communities of native versus exotic plants within particular sites. The differential scaling of bacterial and fungal responses indicates that L. cuneata interacts differently with soil bacteria and soil fungi, and these microorganisms may play very different roles in the invasion process of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C. Yannarell
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Ryan R. Busby
- Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development CenterChampaign, IL, USA
| | - Michael L. Denight
- Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development CenterChampaign, IL, USA
| | - Dick L. Gebhart
- Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development CenterChampaign, IL, USA
| | - Steven J. Taylor
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaign, IL, USA
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30
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Joosten L, van Veen JA. Defensive properties of pyrrolizidine alkaloids against microorganisms. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2011; 10:127-136. [PMID: 21475390 PMCID: PMC3047671 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-010-9204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the selection factors that drive chemical diversification of secondary metabolites of constitutive defence systems in plants, such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), is still incomplete. Historically, plants always have been confronted with microorganisms. Long before herbivores existed on this planet, plants had to cope with microbial pathogens. Therefore, plant pathogenic microorganisms may have played an important role in the early evolution of the secondary metabolite diversity. In this review, we discuss the impact that plant-produced PAs have on plant-associated microorganisms. The objective of the review is to present the current knowledge on PAs with respect to anti-microbial activities, adaptation and detoxification by microorganisms, pathogenic fungi, root protection and PA induction. Many in vitro experiments showed effects of PAs on microorganisms. These results point to the potential of microorganisms to be important for the evolution of PAs. However, only a few in vivo studies have been published and support the results of the in vitro studies. In conclusion, the topics pointed out in this review need further exploration by carrying out ecological experiments and field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Joosten
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, P.O. Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. van Veen
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, P.O. Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands
- P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Leiss KA. Management practices for control of ragwort species. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2011; 10:153-163. [PMID: 21475410 PMCID: PMC3047715 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-010-9173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The ragwort species common or tansy ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris, formerly Senecio jacobaea), marsh ragwort (S. aquaticus), Oxford ragwort (S. squalidus) and hoary ragwort (S. erucifolius) are native in Europe, but invaded North America, Australia and New Zealand as weeds. The abundance of ragwort species is increasing in west-and central Europe. Ragwort species contain different groups of secondary plant compounds defending them against generalist herbivores, contributing to their success as weeds. They are mainly known for containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are toxic to grazing cattle and other livestock causing considerable losses to agricultural revenue. Consequently, control of ragwort is obligatory by law in the UK, Ireland and Australia. Commonly used management practices to control ragwort include mechanical removal, grazing, pasture management, biological control and chemical control. In this review the biology of ragwort species is shortly described and the different management practices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A. Leiss
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Bezemer TM, Fountain MT, Barea JM, Christensen S, Dekker SC, Duyts H, van Hal R, Harvey JA, Hedlund K, Maraun M, Mikola J, Mladenov AG, Robin C, de Ruiter PC, Scheu S, Setälä H, Šmilauer P, van der Putten WH. Divergent composition but similar function of soil food webs of individual plants: plant species and community effects. Ecology 2010; 91:3027-36. [DOI: 10.1890/09-2198.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. T. Fountain
- Science Department, East Malling Research, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ United Kingdom
| | - J. M. Barea
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - S. Christensen
- Copenhagen University, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Ø. Farimagsgade 2D, DK 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S. C. Dekker
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H. Duyts
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands
| | - R. van Hal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. A. Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands
| | - K. Hedlund
- Department of Ecology, Lund University, S 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - M. Maraun
- Georg August University of Goettingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, Berliner Strasse 28, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - J. Mikola
- Department of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - A. G. Mladenov
- Biodiversity Department, Central Laboratory of General Ecology, 2, Yurii Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C. Robin
- Nancy Université, (INPL)-INRA, Agronomie et Environment, Nancy-Colmar, BP 172, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - P. C. de Ruiter
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Soil Centre, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S. Scheu
- Georg August University of Goettingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, Berliner Strasse 28, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - H. Setälä
- Department of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - P. Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - W. H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Newton AC, Fitt BDL, Atkins SD, Walters DR, Daniell TJ. Pathogenesis, parasitism and mutualism in the trophic space of microbe-plant interactions. Trends Microbiol 2010; 18:365-73. [PMID: 20598545 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbe-host interactions can be categorised as pathogenic, parasitic or mutualistic, but in practice few examples exactly fit these descriptions. New molecular methods are providing insights into the dynamics of microbe-host interactions, with most microbes changing their relationship with their host at different life-cycle stages or in response to changing environmental conditions. Microbes can transition between the trophic states of pathogenesis and symbiosis and/or between mutualism and parasitism. In plant-based systems, an understanding of the true ecological niche of organisms and the dynamic state of their trophic interactions with their hosts has important implications for agriculture, including crop rotation, disease control and risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Newton
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
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34
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van de Voorde TFJ, van der Putten WH, Gamper HA, Hol WHG, Bezemer TM. Comparing arbuscular mycorrhizal communities of individual plants in a grassland biodiversity experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 186:746-754. [PMID: 20298485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants differ greatly in the soil organisms colonizing their roots. However, how soil organism assemblages of individual plant roots can be influenced by plant community properties remains poorly understood. We determined the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Jacobaea vulgaris plants, using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The plants were collected from an experimental field site with sown and unsown plant communities. Natural colonization was allowed for 10 yr in sown and unsown plots. Unsown plant communities were more diverse and spatially heterogeneous than sown ones. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity did not differ between sown and unsown plant communities, but there was higher AMF assemblage dissimilarity between individual plants in the unsown plant communities. When we grew J. vulgaris in field soil that was homogenized after collection in order to rule out spatial variation, no differences in AMF dissimilarity between sown and unsown plots were found. Our study shows that experimental manipulation of plant communities in the field, and hence plant community assembly history, can influence the AMF communities of individual plants growing in those plant communities. This awareness is important when interpreting results from field surveys and experimental ecological studies in relation to plant-symbiont interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess F J van de Voorde
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands.
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35
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Is there rapid evolutionary response in introduced populations of tansy ragwort, Jacobaea vulgaris, when exposed to biological control? Evol Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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van der Putten WH, Bardgett RD, de Ruiter PC, Hol WHG, Meyer KM, Bezemer TM, Bradford MA, Christensen S, Eppinga MB, Fukami T, Hemerik L, Molofsky J, Schädler M, Scherber C, Strauss SY, Vos M, Wardle DA. Empirical and theoretical challenges in aboveground-belowground ecology. Oecologia 2009; 161:1-14. [PMID: 19412705 PMCID: PMC2700873 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that aboveground and belowground communities and processes are intrinsically linked, and that feedbacks between these subsystems have important implications for community structure and ecosystem functioning. Almost all studies on this topic have been carried out from an empirical perspective and in specific ecological settings or contexts. Belowground interactions operate at different spatial and temporal scales. Due to the relatively low mobility and high survival of organisms in the soil, plants have longer lasting legacy effects belowground than aboveground. Our current challenge is to understand how aboveground-belowground biotic interactions operate across spatial and temporal scales, and how they depend on, as well as influence, the abiotic environment. Because empirical capacities are too limited to explore all possible combinations of interactions and environmental settings, we explore where and how they can be supported by theoretical approaches to develop testable predictions and to generalise empirical results. We review four key areas where a combined aboveground-belowground approach offers perspectives for enhancing ecological understanding, namely succession, agro-ecosystems, biological invasions and global change impacts on ecosystems. In plant succession, differences in scales between aboveground and belowground biota, as well as between species interactions and ecosystem processes, have important implications for the rate and direction of community change. Aboveground as well as belowground interactions either enhance or reduce rates of plant species replacement. Moreover, the outcomes of the interactions depend on abiotic conditions and plant life history characteristics, which may vary with successional position. We exemplify where translation of the current conceptual succession models into more predictive models can help targeting empirical studies and generalising their results. Then, we discuss how understanding succession may help to enhance managing arable crops, grasslands and invasive plants, as well as provide insights into the effects of global change on community re-organisation and ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Multitrophic Interactions, Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Heteren, The Netherlands.
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Cahill JF, Elle E, Smith GR, Shore BH. DISRUPTION OF A BELOWGROUND MUTUALISM ALTERS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND THEIR FLORAL VISITORS. Ecology 2008; 89:1791-801. [DOI: 10.1890/07-0719.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Plants can change soil biology, chemistry and structure in ways that alter subsequent plant growth. This process, referred to as plant-soil feedback (PSF), has been suggested to provide mechanisms for plant diversity, succession and invasion. Here we use three meta-analytical models: a mixed model and two Bayes models, one correcting for sampling dependence and one correcting for sampling and hierarchical dependence (delta-splitting model) to test these hypotheses. All three models showed that PSFs have medium to large negative effects on plant growth, and especially grass growth, the life form for which we had the most data. This supports the hypothesis that PSFs, through negative frequency dependence, maintain plant diversity, especially in grasslands. PSFs were also large and negative for annuals and natives, but the delta-splitting model indicated that more studies are needed for these results to be conclusive. Our results support the hypotheses that PSFs encourage successional replacements and plant invasions. Most studies were performed using monocultures of grassland species in greenhouse conditions. Future research should examine PSFs in plant communities, non-grassland systems and field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kulmatiski
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, USA.
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Kielak A, Pijl AS, van Veen JA, Kowalchuk GA. Differences in vegetation composition and plant species identity lead to only minor changes in soil-borne microbial communities in a former arable field. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2008; 63:372-82. [PMID: 18205817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the relationship between plant species composition and microbial community diversity and structure, we carried out a molecular analysis of microbial community structure and diversity in two field experiments. In the first experiment, we examined bacterial community structure in bulk and rhizosphere soils in fields exposed to different plant diversity treatments, via a 16S rRNA gene clone library approach. Clear differences were observed between bacterial communities of the bulk soil and the rhizosphere, with the latter containing lower bacterial diversity. The second experiment focused on the influence of 12 different native grassland plant species on bacterial community size and structure in the rhizosphere, as well as the structure of Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia community structures. In general, bacterial and phylum-specific quantitative PCR and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed only weak influences of plant species on rhizosphere communities. Thus, although plants did exert an influence on microbial species composition and diversity, these interactions were not specific and selective enough to lead to major impacts of vegetation composition and plant species on below-ground microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kielak
- Department of Terrestrial Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology , Heteren, The Netherlands
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Kulmatiski A, Kardol P. Getting Plant—Soil Feedbacks out of the Greenhouse: Experimental and Conceptual Approaches. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-72954-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Opelt K, Berg C, Schönmann S, Eberl L, Berg G. High specificity but contrasting biodiversity of Sphagnum-associated bacterial and plant communities in bog ecosystems independent of the geographical region. ISME JOURNAL 2007; 1:502-16. [PMID: 18043652 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2007.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mosses represent ecological niches that harbor a hitherto largely uncharacterized microbial diversity. To investigate which factors affect the biodiversity of bryophyte-associated bacteria, we analyzed the bacterial communities associated with two moss species, which exhibit different ecological behaviors and importance in bog ecosystems, Sphagnum magellanicum and Sphagnum fallax, from six temperate and boreal bogs in Germany and Norway. Furthermore, their surrounding plant communities were studied. Molecular analysis of bacterial communities was determined by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis using eubacterial and genus-specific primers for the dominant genera Burkholderia and Serratia as well as by sequence analysis of a Burkholderia 16S rRNA gene clone library. Plant communities were analyzed by monitoring the abundance and composition of bryophyte and vascular plant species, and by determining ecological indicator values. Interestingly, we found a high degree of host specificity for associated bacterial and plant communities of both Sphagnum species independent of the geographical region. Calculation of diversity indices on the basis of SSCP gels showed that the S. fallax-associated communities displayed a statistically significant higher degree of diversity than those associated with S. magellanicum. In contrast, analyses of plant communities of Sphagnum-specific habitats resulted in a higher diversity of S. magellanicum-specific habitats for all six sites. The higher content of nutrients in the S. fallax-associated ecosystems can explain higher diversity of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Opelt
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Technology Graz, Graz, Austria
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