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Matsubayashi KW, Yamaguchi R. The speciation view: Disentangling multiple causes of adaptive and nonadaptive radiation in terms of speciation. POPUL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei W. Matsubayashi
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University Nishi‐ku Motooka 744 Fukuoka Kyushu Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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2
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Stavtseva NA, Fielden LJ, Khokhlova IS, Warburton EM, van der Mescht L, Krasnov BR. Colonization of a novel host by fleas: changes in egg production and egg size. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:451-459. [PMID: 33447886 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the success of fleas, Synosternus cleopatrae and Xenopsylla ramesis, in switching to a novel host by establishing experimental lines maintained on different hosts for 18 generations. Fleas fed on principal (P-line) or novel hosts, either sympatric with (S-line) or allopatric to (A-line) a flea and its principal host, then we assessed their reproductive performance via the number and size of eggs. We compared reproductive performance between hosts within a line and between lines within a host asking: (a) whether fleas adapt to a novel host species after multiple generations; (b) if yes, whether the pattern of adaptation differs between novel host species sympatric with or allopatric to a flea and its principal host; and (c) adaptation to a novel host is accompanied with a loss of success in exploitation of an original host. Fleas from the S- and A-lines increased their egg production on a novel host (except X. ramesis from the S-line). S. cleopatrae from the S-line but not the A-line increased egg size on a novel host, whereas X. ramesis from the A-line but not the S-line produced larger eggs from a novel host. We found no indication of a loss of reproductive performance on the original host while adapting to a novel host. We conclude that fleas are able to switch rapidly to a new host with the pattern of a switch to either sympatric or an allopatric host depending on the identities of both flea and host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A Stavtseva
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Beersheba, Israel
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Laura J Fielden
- Biology Department, School of Science and Mathematics, Truman State University, 100E, Normal Avenue, Kirksville, MO, 63501, USA
| | - Irina S Khokhlova
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Elizabeth M Warburton
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Beersheba, Israel
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 203 D.W. Brooks Dr., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Luther van der Mescht
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Beersheba, Israel
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Beersheba, Israel
- Clinvet International, Uitzich Road, Bainsvlei, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9338, South Africa
| | - Boris R Krasnov
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Beersheba, Israel.
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3
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Ecological costs of goldenrod’s ducking strategy in the currency of antixenosis, antibiosis, and indirect resistance to aphids. Evol Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-020-10032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Rocha S, Caldeira MC, Burban C, Kerdelhué C, Branco M. Shifted phenology in the pine processionary moth affects the outcome of tree-insect interaction. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:68-76. [PMID: 31190650 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean and temperate regions, an increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events has been recorded, probably due to climate change. In consequence, trees will more frequently experience hydric stress, a condition that can be expected to affect insect-tree interactions, while adaptation mechanisms may be further in course. The effect of tree water stress on the performance of two allochronic populations of Thaumetopoea pityocampa was here studied. Namely, we compared a unique population of this insect, in which the larvae develop in the summer (SP), with the typical population having winter larval development (WP), to test the adaptation hypothesis to host plant status. Larvae of each population were fed on needles of young potted Pinus pinaster plants under two water supply regimes: (i) well-watered (control) and (ii) subjected to 3 months of drought stress. Compared to control, stressed plants had higher amounts of soluble sugars, phenols, and higher C/N ratio, whereas water content and chlorophylls concentrations were lower. In general, T. pityocampa larvae had lower performances on water-stressed plants, as shown by lower survival rates, lower needle consumption, and longer development times. Yet, the detrimental effects of tree stress were only significant for the WP larvae, while SP larvae were able to overcome such conditions. Results demonstrate that tree water stress can negatively affect T. pityocampa populations. Furthermore, the evidence is also provided that responses to the physiological condition of the host trees may occur at the population level, as a result of adaptation mechanisms driven by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rocha
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Burban
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France
| | - C Kerdelhué
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, 34988 Montferriez-sur-Lez, France
| | - M Branco
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Gschloessl B, Dorkeld F, Berges H, Beydon G, Bouchez O, Branco M, Bretaudeau A, Burban C, Dubois E, Gauthier P, Lhuillier E, Nichols J, Nidelet S, Rocha S, Sauné L, Streiff R, Gautier M, Kerdelhué C. Draft genome and reference transcriptomic resources for the urticating pine defoliator Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Mol Ecol Resour 2018; 18:602-619. [PMID: 29352511 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) is the main pine defoliator in the Mediterranean region. Its urticating larvae cause severe human and animal health concerns in the invaded areas. This species shows a high phenotypic variability for various traits, such as phenology, fecundity and tolerance to extreme temperatures. This study presents the construction and analysis of extensive genomic and transcriptomic resources, which are an obligate prerequisite to understand their underlying genetic architecture. Using a well-studied population from Portugal with peculiar phenological characteristics, the karyotype was first determined and a first draft genome of 537 Mb total length was assembled into 68,292 scaffolds (N50 = 164 kb). From this genome assembly, 29,415 coding genes were predicted. To circumvent some limitations for fine-scale physical mapping of genomic regions of interest, a 3X coverage BAC library was also developed. In particular, 11 BACs from this library were individually sequenced to assess the assembly quality. Additionally, de novo transcriptomic resources were generated from various developmental stages sequenced with HiSeq and MiSeq Illumina technologies. The reads were de novo assembled into 62,376 and 63,175 transcripts, respectively. Then, a robust subset of the genome-predicted coding genes, the de novo transcriptome assemblies and previously published 454/Sanger data were clustered to obtain a high-quality and comprehensive reference transcriptome consisting of 29,701 bona fide unigenes. These sequences covered 99% of the cegma and 88% of the busco highly conserved eukaryotic genes and 84% of the busco arthropod gene set. Moreover, 90% of these transcripts could be localized on the draft genome. The described information is available via a genome annotation portal (http://bipaa.genouest.org/sp/thaumetopoea_pityocampa/).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gschloessl
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - F Dorkeld
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - H Berges
- INRA-CNRGV, Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - G Beydon
- INRA-CNRGV, Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - O Bouchez
- INRA, US 1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA Auzeville, Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - M Branco
- Forest Research Center (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Bretaudeau
- INRA, UMR Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), BioInformatics Platform for Agroecosystems Arthropods (BIPAA), Rennes, France.,INRIA, IRISA, GenOuest Core Facility, Rennes, France
| | - C Burban
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| | - E Dubois
- Plateforme MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle IGF-sud, UMR 5203 CNRS-U 661 INSERM-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - P Gauthier
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - E Lhuillier
- INRA, US 1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA Auzeville, Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - J Nichols
- Edinburgh Genomics, Ashworth Laboratories, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Nidelet
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Plateforme MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle IGF-sud, UMR 5203 CNRS-U 661 INSERM-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - S Rocha
- Forest Research Center (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Sauné
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - R Streiff
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Gautier
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Kerdelhué
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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6
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Porter CK, Benkman CW. Assessing the Potential Contributions of Reduced Immigrant Viability and Fecundity to Reproductive Isolation. Am Nat 2017; 189:580-591. [DOI: 10.1086/691191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Host range expansion is density dependent. Oecologia 2016; 182:779-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Kalske A, Leimu R, Scheepens JF, Mutikainen P. Spatiotemporal variation in local adaptation of a specialist insect herbivore to its long-lived host plant. Evolution 2016; 70:2110-22. [PMID: 27436540 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation of interacting species to one another indicates geographically variable reciprocal selection. This process of adaptation is central in the organization and maintenance of genetic variation across populations. Given that the strength of selection and responses to it often vary in time and space, the strength of local adaptation should in theory vary between generations and among populations. However, such spatiotemporal variation has rarely been explicitly demonstrated in nature and local adaptation is commonly considered to be relatively static. We report persistent local adaptation of the short-lived herbivore Abrostola asclepiadis to its long-lived host plant Vincetoxicum hirundinaria over three successive generations in two studied populations and considerable temporal variation in local adaptation in six populations supporting the geographic mosaic theory. The observed variation in local adaptation among populations was best explained by geographic distance and population isolation, suggesting that gene flow reduces local adaptation. Changes in herbivore population size did not conclusively explain temporal variation in local adaptation. Our results also imply that short-term studies are likely to capture only a part of the existing variation in local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Kalske
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland. .,Current Address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853.
| | - Roosa Leimu
- Seed International, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - J F Scheepens
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.,Current Address: Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pia Mutikainen
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Marí-Mena N, Lopez-Vaamonde C, Naveira H, Auger-Rozenberg MA, Vila M. Phylogeography of the Spanish Moon Moth Graellsia isabellae (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae). BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:139. [PMID: 27342978 PMCID: PMC4919910 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographic and demographic factors as well as specialisation to a new host-plant may lead to host-associated differentiation in plant-feeding insects. We explored the phylogeography of a protected moth, Graellsia isabellae, and its two recognised host-plant species (Pinus sylvestris and P. nigra) in order to seek for any concordance useful to disentangle the evolutionary history of this iconic lepidopteran. RESULTS DNA variation in one mitochondrial marker and nine nuclear microsatellite loci revealed a strong phylogeographic pattern across 28 populations of G. isabellae studied in Spain and France comprising six groups mostly distributed along different mountain ranges. Reanalysis of a previously published chloroplast microsatellite dataset revealed a three and two-group structure for Spanish P. sylvestris and P. nigra, respectively. Overall, the population groupings of this protected moth did not match the ones of P. sylvestris and P. nigra. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of host-associated differentiation between populations using P. sylvestris and the ones inhabiting P. nigra. The two major mitochondrial clades of G. isabellae likely diverged before the Last Glacial Maximum and geographically separated the species into a "southern" (Central and Southern Iberian clusters) and a "northern" lineage (Eastern Iberian, Pyrenean and French Alpine clusters). The Eastern Iberian System, where this insect uses both host-plants, harboured the highest level of genetic diversity. Such a group independently colonised the West and East parts of the Pyrenees. Our results point to a native origin for the French populations occurring in the Alps, genetically related to the Eastern Iberian and Pyrenean sites. The Central Iberian group derived from Southern Iberian ancestors. Secondary contacts were inferred between the Southern/Central Iberian populations and Eastern Iberian cluster as well as between the two Pyrenean ones. The mito-nuclear discordance observed with regard to the Eastern Iberian cluster is congruent with a secondary contact after the evolution of mito-nuclear incompatibilities in geographically isolated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Marí-Mena
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group (GIBE), Universidade da Coruña, A Fraga 10, E-15008, A Coruña, Spain
- AllGenetics & Biology, SL, Edificio de Servizos Centrais de Investigación, Campus de Elviña, E-15008, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde
- INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, F-45075, Orléans, France
- IRBI, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Horacio Naveira
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group (GIBE), Universidade da Coruña, A Fraga 10, E-15008, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Marta Vila
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group (GIBE), Universidade da Coruña, A Fraga 10, E-15008, A Coruña, Spain.
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10
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Stålhandske S, Olofsson M, Gotthard K, Ehrlén J, Wiklund C, Leimar O. Phenological matching rather than genetic variation in host preference underlies geographical variation in host plants used by orange tip butterflies. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Olofsson
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Karl Gotthard
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Christer Wiklund
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Olof Leimar
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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11
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Dou W, Wu JJ, Chen SC, Wei DD, Wang JJ. Effects of Ethacrynic Acid Addition to Diet on Fitness and Development in the Psocid Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:252-257. [PMID: 26475825 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fertility life table provides a comprehensive description of arthropod population dynamics by the estimation of parameters about arthropod population growth potential. It can also clarify the sublethal effects of chemicals on insects. Ethacrynic acid (EA), an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases, is a diuretic compound that has been confirmed to modulate drug resistance in organisms. In this study, the effects of EA on growth and development of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel were investigated in the laboratory to explore the potential possibilities of EA as an active agent to manage insecticide-resistant psocids. The treatment of psocids was obtained by feeding on the routine diet containing 3% EA for three successive generations, and psocids on routine diet served as control. The results indicated that EA possessed some negative effects on the life-table parameters of the psocid in F1 and F2 generations. The addition of EA to diet stunted psocids growth by lengthening development time and increasing mortality with a greater effect in the F2 generation. In the third generation of psocids on EA diet, it seemed there was a return to normal. Psocid fitness was influenced by addition of EA to standard diet. Using rm values, the fitness for EA diet in F1, F2, and F3 compared with the counterpart of routine diet was calculated as 0.80, 0.74, and 0.87, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China (; ; ; ; )
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China (; ; ; ; )
| | - Shi-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China (; ; ; ; )
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China (; ; ; ; )
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China (; ; ; ; ),
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12
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Ruschioni S, Riolo P, Isidoro N, Romani R, Petrucco-Toffolo E, Zovi D, Battisti A. Contrasting Patterns of Host Adaptation in Two Egg Parasitoids of the Pine Processionary Moth (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:480-487. [PMID: 26313953 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of parasitoids to their phytophagous host is often mediated by environmental conditions and by the food plant of the phytophagous host. Therefore, the host food plant can indirectly affect the survival and fitness of parasitoids that also attack quiescent host stages, such as eggs, in which the resources available to the immature parasitoid stages are limited. Our aim was to investigate how two egg parasitoid species of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller), respond to variations in egg traits at the extremes of a west-to-east geographic gradient in northern Italy. We considered one specialist [Baryscapus servadeii (Domenichini)] and one generalist [Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet)] parasitoid, which reproduce mainly by thelytokous parthenogenesis and are common throughout the whole range of this pest. The size and shell structure of the pine processionary moth eggs were studied under light microscopy and tested experimentally under controlled conditions. We can conclude that 1) the pine processionary moth egg shell thickness is inversely proportional to the parasitism performance; 2) the larger eggs from the pine processionary moth eastern population produce parasitoid females of a larger size, which have greater realized fecundity; 3) the generalist parasitoid performs successfully with either the "home" or "away" (i.e., from both extremes of the geographic gradient) pine processionary moth eggs, which is not the case for the specialist parasitoid. The implications of these responses in the regulation of phytophagous populations are numerous and should be considered in population dynamics studies and pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ruschioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Isidoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Romani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Petrucco-Toffolo
- DAFNAE - Entomologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Daniel Zovi
- DAFNAE - Entomologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- DAFNAE - Entomologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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13
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Genetic diversity and host alternation of the egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus pityocampae between the pine processionary moth and the caper bug. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122788. [PMID: 25856082 PMCID: PMC4391850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of molecular tools for species identification in recent decades revealed that each of many apparently generalist parasitoids are actually a complex of morphologically similar congeners, most of which have a rather narrow host range. Ooencyrtus pityocampae (OP), an important egg parasitoid of the pine processionary moth (PPM), is considered a generalist parasitoid. OP emerges from PPM eggs after winter hibernation, mainly in spring and early summer, long before the eggs of the next PPM generation occurs. The occurrence of OP in eggs of the variegated caper bug (CB) Stenozygum coloratum in spring and summer suggests that OP populations alternate seasonally between PPM and CB. However, the identity of OP population on CB eggs seemed uncertain; unlike OP-PPM populations, the former displayed apparently high male/female ratios and lack of attraction to the PPM sex pheromone. We studied the molecular identities of the two populations since the morphological identification of the genus Ooencyrtus, and OP in particular, is difficult. Sequencing of COI and ITS2 DNA fragments and AFLP analysis of individuals from both hosts revealed no apparent differences between the OP-PPM and the OP-CB populations for both the Israeli and the Turkish OPs, which therefore supported the possibility of host alternation. Sequencing data extended our knowledge of the genetic structure of OP populations in the Mediterranean area, and revealed clear separation between East and West Mediterranean populations. The overall level of genetic diversity was rather small, with the Israeli population much less diverse than all others; possible explanations for this finding are discussed. The findings support the possibility of utilizing the CB and other hosts for enhancing biological control of the PPM.
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Santos HM, Paiva MR, Rocha S, Kerdelhué C, Branco M. Phenotypic divergence in reproductive traits of a moth population experiencing a phenological shift. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:5098-108. [PMID: 24455139 PMCID: PMC3892371 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Allochrony that is reproductive isolation by time may further lead to divergence of reproductive adaptive traits in response to different environmental pressures over time. A unique "summer" population of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa, reproductively isolated from the typical winter populations by allochronic differentiation, is here analyzed. This allochronically shifted population reproduces in the spring and develops in the summer, whereas "winter" populations reproduce in the late summer and have winter larval development. Both summer and winter populations coexist in the same pine stands, yet they face different climatic pressures as their active stages are present in different seasons. The occurrence of significant differences between the reproductive traits of the summer population and the typical winter populations (either sympatric or allopatric) is thus hypothesized. Female fecundity, egg size, egg covering, and egg parasitism were analyzed showing that the egg load was lower and that egg size was higher in the summer population than in all the studied winter populations. The scales that cover the egg batches of T. pityocampa differed significantly between populations in shape and color, resulting in a looser and darker covering in the summer population. The single specialist egg parasitoid species of this moth was almost missing in the summer population, and the overall parasitism rates were lower than in the winter population. Results suggest the occurrence of phenotypic differentiation between the summer population and the typical T. pityocampa winter populations for the life-history traits studied. This work provides an insight into how ecological divergence may follow the process of allochronic reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Santos
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal ; DCEA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria-Rosa Paiva
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal ; DCEA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana Rocha
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carole Kerdelhué
- INRA, CBGP, Campus International de Baillarguet CS30016, F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France
| | - Manuela Branco
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane D. Wright
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; 22 Princes St; Auckland; 1010; New Zealand
| | - Klaus Rohde
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences; University of New England; Elm Avenue; Armidale; NSW; 2351; Australia
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16
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McLeish MJ, Miller JT, Mound LA. Delayed colonisation of Acacia by thrips and the timing of host-conservatism and behavioural specialisation. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:188. [PMID: 24010723 PMCID: PMC3846595 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated colonisation of novel host-plants is believed to be an essential component of the evolutionary success of phytophagous insects. The relative timing between the origin of an insect lineage and the plant clade they eat or reproduce on is important for understanding how host-range expansion can lead to resource specialisation and speciation. Path and stepping-stone sampling are used in a Bayesian approach to test divergence timing between the origin of Acacia and colonisation by thrips. The evolution of host-plant conservatism and ecological specialisation is discussed. RESULTS Results indicated very strong support for a model describing the origin of the common ancestor of Acacia thrips subsequent to that of Acacia. A current estimate puts the origin of Acacia at approximately 6 million years before the common ancestor of Acacia thrips, and 15 million years before the origin of a gall-inducing clade. The evolution of host conservatism and resource specialisation resulted in a phylogenetically under-dispersed pattern of host-use by several thrips lineages. CONCLUSIONS Thrips colonised a diversity of Acacia species over a protracted period as Australia experienced aridification. Host conservatism evolved on phenotypically and environmentally suitable host lineages. Ecological specialisation resulted from habitat selection and selection on thrips behavior that promoted primary and secondary host associations. These findings suggest that delayed and repeated colonisation is characterised by cycles of oligo- or poly-phagy. This results in a cumulation of lineages that each evolve host conservatism on different and potentially transient host-related traits, and facilitates both ecological and resource specialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McLeish
- Plant Geography Laboratory, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province 666303, China
| | - Joseph T Miller
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Laurence A Mound
- CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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ARBIV A, KHOKHLOVA IS, OVADIA O, NOVOPLANSKY A, KRASNOV BR. Use it or lose it: reproductive implications of ecological specialization in a haematophagous ectoparasite. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1140-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Morrongiello JR, Bond NR, Crook DA, Wong BBM. Spatial variation in egg size and egg number reflects trade-offs and bet-hedging in a freshwater fish. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:806-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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PIMENTEL CARLA, SANTOS MARCIA, FERREIRA CLAUDIA, NILSSON JANÅKE. Temperature, size, reproductive allocation, and life-history evolution in a gregarious caterpillar. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Potter KA, Woods HA. No evidence for the evolution of thermal or desiccation tolerance of eggs among populations ofManduca sexta. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Reudler JH, Biere A, Harvey JA, van Nouhuys S. Differential performance of a specialist and two generalist herbivores and their parasitoids on Plantago lanceolata. J Chem Ecol 2011; 37:765-78. [PMID: 21691810 PMCID: PMC3125503 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-011-9983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The ability to cope with plant defense chemicals differs between specialist and generalist species. In this study, we examined the effects of the concentration of the two main iridoid glycosides (IGs) in Plantago lanceolata, aucubin and catalpol, on the performance of a specialist and two generalist herbivores and their respective endoparasitoids. Development of the specialist herbivore Melitaea cinxia was unaffected by the total leaf IG concentration in its host plant. By contrast, the generalist herbivores Spodoptera exigua and Chrysodeixis chalcites showed delayed larval and pupal development on plant genotypes with high leaf IG concentrations, respectively. This result is in line with the idea that specialist herbivores are better adapted to allelochemicals in host plants on which they are specialized. Melitaea cinxia experienced less post-diapause larval and pupal mortality on its local Finnish P. lanceolata than on Dutch genotypes. This could not be explained by differences in IG profiles, suggesting that M. cinxia has adapted in response to attributes of its local host plants other than to IG chemistry. Development of the specialist parasitoid Cotesia melitaearum was unaffected by IG variation in the diet of its host M. cinxia, a response that was concordant with that of its host. By contrast, the development time responses of the generalist parasitoids Hyposoter didymator and Cotesia marginiventris differed from those of their generalist hosts, S. exigua and C. chalcites. While their hosts developed slowly on high-IG genotypes, development time of H. didymator was unaffected. Cotesia marginiventris actually developed faster on hosts fed high-IG genotypes, although they then had short adult longevity. The faster development of C. marginiventris on hosts that ate high-IG genotypes is in line with the “immunocompromized host” hypothesis, emphasizing the potential negative effects of toxic allelochemicals on the host’s immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanneke H Reudler
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Jormalainen V, Koivikko R, Ossipov V, Lindqvist M. Quantifying variation and chemical correlates of bladderwrack quality - herbivore population makes a difference. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Pöykkö H, Bačkor M, Bencúrová E, Molcanová V, Bačkorová M, Hyvärinen M. Host use of a specialist lichen-feeder: dealing with lichen secondary metabolites. Oecologia 2010; 164:423-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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PIMENTEL CARLA, FERREIRA CLAUDIA, NILSSON JANÅKE. Latitudinal gradients and the shaping of life-history traits in a gregarious caterpillar. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Kerdelhué C, Zane L, Simonato M, Salvato P, Rousselet J, Roques A, Battisti A. Quaternary history and contemporary patterns in a currently expanding species. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:220. [PMID: 19732434 PMCID: PMC2753568 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quaternary climatic oscillations had dramatic effects on species evolution. In northern latitudes, populations had to survive the coldest periods in refugial areas and recurrently colonized northern regions during interglacials. Such a history usually results in a loss of genetic diversity. Populations that did not experience glaciations, in contrast, probably maintained most of their ancestral genetic diversity. These characteristics dramatically affected the present-day distribution of genetic diversity and may influence the ability of species to cope with the current global changes. We conducted a range-wide study of mitochondrial genetic diversity in the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa/T. wilkinsoni complex, Notodontidae), a forest pest occurring around the Mediterranean Basin and in southern Europe. This species is responding to the current climate change by rapid natural range expansion and can also be accidentally transported by humans. Our aim was to assess if Quaternary climatic oscillations had a different effect across the species' range and to determine if genetic footprints of contemporary processes can be identified in areas of recent introduction. Results We identified three main clades that were spatially structured. In most of Europe, the genetic diversity pattern was typical for species that experienced marked glaciation cycles. Except in refugia, European populations were characterized by the occurrence of one main haplotype and by a strong reduction in genetic diversity, which is expected in regions that were rapidly re-colonized when climatic conditions improved. In contrast, all other sub-clades around the Mediterranean Basin occurred in limited parts of the range and were strongly structured in space, as is expected in regions in which the impact of glaciations was limited. In such places, genetic diversity was retained in most populations, and almost all haplotypes were endemic. This pattern was extreme on remote Mediterranean islands (Crete, Cyprus, Corsica) where highly differentiated, endemic haplotypes were found. Recent introductions were typified by the existence of closely-related haplotypes in geographically distant populations, which is difficult to detect in most of Europe because of a lack of overall genetic structure. Conclusion In regions that were not prone to marked glaciations, recent moth introductions/expansions could be detected due to the existence of a strong spatial genetic structure. In contrast, in regions that experienced the most intense Quaternary climatic oscillations, the natural populations are not genetically structured, and contemporary patterns of population expansion remain undetected.
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