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Fritsch C, Berny P, Crouzet O, Le Perchec S, Coeurdassier M. Wildlife ecotoxicology of plant protection products: knowns and unknowns about the impacts of currently used pesticides on terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33026-1. [PMID: 38639904 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural practices are a major cause of the current loss of biodiversity. Among postwar agricultural intensification practices, the use of plant protection products (PPPs) might be one of the prominent drivers of the loss of wildlife diversity in agroecosystems. A collective scientific assessment was performed upon the request of the French Ministries responsible for the Environment, for Agriculture and for Research to review the impacts of PPPs on biodiversity and ecosystem services based on the scientific literature. While the effects of legacy banned PPPs on ecosystems and the underlying mechanisms are well documented, the impacts of current use pesticides (CUPs) on biodiversity have rarely been reviewed. Here, we provide an overview of the available knowledge related to the impacts of PPPs, including biopesticides, on terrestrial vertebrates (i.e. herptiles, birds including raptors, bats and small and large mammals). We focused essentially on CUPs and on endpoints at the subindividual, individual, population and community levels, which ultimately linked with effects on biodiversity. We address both direct toxic effects and indirect effects related to ecological processes and review the existing knowledge about wildlife exposure to PPPs. The effects of PPPs on ecological functions and ecosystem services are discussed, as are the aggravating or mitigating factors. Finally, a synthesis of knowns and unknowns is provided, and we identify priorities to fill gaps in knowledge and perspectives for research and wildlife conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Berny
- UR-ICE, Vetagro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire, 69280, Marcy L'étoile, France
| | - Olivier Crouzet
- Direction de La Recherche Et de L'Appui Scientifique, Office Français de La Biodiversité, Site de St-Benoist, 78610, Auffargis, France
| | | | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, F-25000, Besançon, France.
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Marino S. Understanding the spatio-temporal behaviour of the sunflower crop for subfield areas delineation using Sentinel-2 NDVI time-series images in an organic farming system. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19507. [PMID: 37809718 PMCID: PMC10558738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the suitability of time series Sentinel-2 NDVI-derived maps for the subfield detection of a sunflower crop cultivated in an organic farming system. The aim was to understand the spatio-temporal behaviour of subfield areas identified by the K-means algorithm from NDVI maps obtained from satellite images and the ground yield data variability to increase the efficiency of delimiting management zones in an organic farming system. Experiments were conducted on a surface of 29 ha. NDVI time series derived from Sentinel-2 images and k-means algorithm for rapidly delineating the sunflower subfield areas were used. The crop achene yields in the whole field ranged from 1.3 to 3.77 t ha-1 with a significant within-field spatial variability. The cluster analysis of hand-sampled data showed three subfields with achene yield mean values of 3.54 t ha-1 (cluster 1), 2.98 t ha-1 (cluster 2), and 2.07 t ha-1 (Cluster 3). In the cluster analysis of NDVI data, the k-means algorithm has early delineated the subfield crop spatial and temporal yield variability. The best period for identifying subfield areas starts from the inflorescences development stage to the development of the fruit stage. Analyzing the NDVI subfield areas and yield data, it was found that cluster 1 covers an area of 42.4% of the total surface and 50% of the total achene yield; cluster 2 covers 35% of both surface and yield. Instead, the surface of cluster 3 covers 22.2% of the total surface with 15% of achene yield. K-means algorithm derived from Sentinel-2 NDVI images delineates the sunflower subfield areas. Sentinel-2 images and k-means algorithms can improve an efficient assessment of subfield areas in sunflower crops. Identifying subfield areas can lead to site-specific long-term agronomic actions for improving the sustainable intensification of agriculture in the organic farming system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DAEFS), University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100, Campobasso, Italy
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3
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Zhang Y, Ye E, Liu F, Lai N, You X, Dong J, Dong J. The Relationship between Landscape Construction and Bird Diversity: A Bibliometric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4551. [PMID: 36901563 PMCID: PMC10001572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization development is the main cause of drastic habitat changes and biodiversity loss, and urban green space construction is one of the effective ways to mitigate biodiversity decay. The proper construction of urban green space landscapes can maintain or increase the resources provided by urban biodiversity, especially bird diversity. This paper is based on 4112 papers published in this research area between 2002 and 2022, and CiteSpace was used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the research area in terms of the number of articles published, the country or region of publication, core authors, and academic development. The paper systematically reviews the hotspots, history, and frontiers of research on landscape architecture and bird diversity. At the same time, the relationship between landscape construction and bird diversity is discussed in the context of landscape features, vegetation characteristics, and human behavioral activities. The results revealed: (1) research on the association between landscape camping and bird diversity received high priority from 2002 to 2022. Moreover, this research area has become a mature discipline. (2) Throughout the research history, there are four research hotspots (fundamental research on bird communities, influencing factors related to changes in bird community characteristics, research on bird activity rhythms, and ecological and ornamental values of birds), four development stages (2002-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2015, and 2016-2022), and several research frontiers. (3) Our aim was to reasonably consider the activity characteristics of birds in future landscape construction, and to thoroughly study the landscape construction strategies and management principles for the harmonious coexistence of humans and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Enming Ye
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ningjing Lai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xianli You
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianwen Dong
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Engineering Research Center for Forest Park of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiaying Dong
- School of Architecture, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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4
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Kasiske T, Dauber J, Harpke A, Klimek S, Kühn E, Settele J, Musche M. Livestock density affects species richness and community composition of butterflies: A nationwide study. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2023; 146:109866. [PMID: 36777177 PMCID: PMC9904221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.109866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extensively managed grasslands are globally recognized for their high biodiversity value. Over the past century, a continuous loss and degradation of grassland habitats has been observed across Europe that is mainly attributable to agricultural intensification and land abandonment. Particularly insects have suffered from the loss of grassland habitats due to land-use change and the decrease in habitat quality, either due to an increase in livestock density, higher mowing frequency, and an increase in nitrogen fertilization, or by abandonment. However, only a few studies have used nationwide datasets to analyse the effects of land cover and land-use intensity on insects. It further remains largely unexplored how these effects are modulated by species traits, i.e. habitat specialisation and mobility. Using nationwide butterfly data originating from the German Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, we investigated the effect of three indicators related to land cover and agricultural land-use intensity on species richness as well as trait composition of butterfly communities. Based on agricultural census data at the municipality scale, we calculated the share of permanent grasslands (measure of habitat availability), the total livestock density (proxy for organic fertilization) and the livestock density of domestic herbivores (proxy for management intensity in grasslands) within a 2 km buffer surrounding each butterfly transect. To analyse the relationships between butterflies and indicators of land cover and land-use intensity, we applied generalised linear mixed effect models. We found a negative relationship between butterfly species richness and the livestock density of domestic herbivores. Further, the ratio of butterfly generalist to specialist species shifted towards generalists and the size of butterflies increased with higher herbivore livestock density, indicating a shift in communities towards mobile habitat generalists. Our results are in accordance with previous studies carried out across smaller geographic extents, highlighting the importance of low herbivore livestock densities to halt the loss of pollinating insects and safeguard biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. We here demonstrate that indicators based on livestock distribution data at the municipality scale can provide insights into processes and spatial diversity patterns of butterflies at the national level. Further, we highlight potentials and limitations of using agricultural census data to quantify and assess effects of land cover and land-use intensity on butterflies, and make recommendations for further research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Kasiske
- Thünen-Institute of Biodiversity, Braunschweig, Germany
- Biodiversity of Agricultural Landscapes, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Dauber
- Thünen-Institute of Biodiversity, Braunschweig, Germany
- Biodiversity of Agricultural Landscapes, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Harpke
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Kühn
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Josef Settele
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
- iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Martin Musche
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
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Correlates of plant β-diversity in Atlantic Forest patches in the Pernambuco Endemism Centre, Northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding how vegetation structure and floristic composition vary across landscapes is fundamental to understand ecological patterns and for designing conservation actions. In a patch-landscape approach, we assessed the β-diversity (q0 order – rare species, q1 order – common species, and q2 order – dominant species) of plants between forest patches and surveyed plots in Atlantic Forest patches located in the Pernambuco Endemism Centre, northeastern Brazil. Furthermore, we tested the influence of predictor variables linked to landscape (forest cover and edge density) and habitat (basal area), as well as the geographical distance between forest patches and plots on the β-diversity in each forest patch and plot. We measured and identified a total of 1,682 individuals (trees and lianas), corresponding to 248 species, 116 genera, and 56 families in 10 plots (50 × 2 m) from each forest patch. The β-diversity presented lower values for the Mata de Água Azul patch at a landscape scale (i.e., between forest patches) and Mata dos Macacos patch at a site scale (i.e., between plots) for all orders. Geographical distance positively influenced the β-diversity at the landscape scale, and higher turnover between plots (e.g., within forest patches) was positively associated with differences in geographical distance, edge density, forest cover, and basal area. Our results indicate the need to conserve forest patches distributed across a wide area (distant sites) that encompass different landscape contexts with different vegetation structures, in order to conserve greater floristic diversity.
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Eichberg C, Hartman AM, Kronenberger AM, Düring RA, Donath TW. Temperature moderates impact of formulated moxidectin on seed germination of three temperate grassland species. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277865. [PMID: 36409735 PMCID: PMC9678283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulations of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics such as moxidectin are regularly administered to sheep to combat parasites. A disadvantage of these pharmaceuticals are their side effects on non-target organisms when entering the environment. Little is known about anthelmintic effects on plant reproduction and whether the effects depend on environmental factors. For ecological and methodological reasons, we aimed at testing whether temperature affects the efficacy of a common moxidectin-based formulation on seed germination. We carried out a germination experiment including three typical species of temperate European grasslands (Centaurea jacea, Galium mollugo, Plantago lanceolata). We applied three temperature regimes (15/5, 20/10, 30/20°C), and a four-level dilution series (1:100-1:800) of formulated moxidectin (i.e., Cydectin oral drench). These solutions represent seed-anthelmintic contacts in the digestive tract of sheep shortly after deworming. In addition, a control was carried out with purified water only. We regularly counted emerging seedlings and calculated final germination percentage, mean germination time and synchrony of germination. Formulated moxidectin significantly reduced percentage, speed and synchrony of germination. A 1:100 dilution of the formulation reduced germination percentage by a quarter and increased mean germination time by six days compared to the control. Temperature moderated effects of the anthelmintic drug on germination in all response variables and all species, but in different patterns and magnitudes (significant anthelmintic x temperature x species interactions). In all response variables, the two more extreme temperature regimes (15/5, 30/20°C) led to the strongest effects of formulated moxidectin. With respect to germination percentage, G. mollugo was more sensitive to formulated moxidectin at the warmest temperature regime, whereas P. lanceolata showed the highest sensitivity at the coldest regime. This study shows that it is important to consider temperature dependencies of the effects of pharmaceuticals on seed germination when conducting standardised germination experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Eichberg
- Geobotany, Regional and Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Alwin M. Hartman
- Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Regional and Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | | | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Tobias W. Donath
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Knauer AC, Alaux C, Allan MJ, Dean RR, Dievart V, Glauser G, Kiljanek T, Michez D, Schwarz JM, Tamburini G, Wintermantel D, Klein AM, Albrecht M. Nutritional stress exacerbates impact of a novel insecticide on solitary bees' behaviour, reproduction and survival. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221013. [PMID: 36476004 PMCID: PMC9554715 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide exposure and food stress are major threats to bees, but their potential synergistic impacts under field-realistic conditions remain poorly understood and are not considered in current pesticide risk assessments. We conducted a semi-field experiment to examine the single and interactive effects of the novel insecticide flupyradifurone (FPF) and nutritional stress on fitness proxies in the solitary bee Osmia bicornis. Individually marked bees were released into flight cages with monocultures of buckwheat, wild mustard or purple tansy, which were assigned to an insecticide treatment (FPF or control) in a crossed design. Nutritional stress, which was high in bees foraging on buckwheat, intermediate on wild mustard and low on purple tansy, modulated the impact of insecticide exposure. Within the first day after application of FPF, mortality of bees feeding on buckwheat was 29 times higher compared with control treatments, while mortality of FPF exposed and control bees was similar in the other two plant species. Moreover, we found negative synergistic impacts of FPF and nutritional stress on offspring production, flight activity, flight duration and flower visitation frequency. These results reveal that environmental policies and risk assessment schemes that ignore interactions among anthropogenic stressors will fail to adequately protect bees and the pollination services they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cedric Alaux
- UR406 Abeilles and Environnement, Site Agroparc, INRAE, Avignon, France
| | | | | | - Virginie Dievart
- UR406 Abeilles and Environnement, Site Agroparc, INRAE, Avignon, France
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Kiljanek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Denis Michez
- Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Giovanni Tamburini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA—Entomology), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Dimitry Wintermantel
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Russo L, Fitzpatrick Ú, Larkin M, Mullen S, Power E, Stanley D, White C, O'Rourke A, Stout JC. Conserving diversity in Irish plant-pollinator networks. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9347. [PMID: 36225829 PMCID: PMC9532247 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial insects provide valuable services upon which we rely, including pollination. Pollinator conservation is a global priority, and a significant concern in Ireland, where over half of extant bee species have declined significantly in recent decades. As flower-visiting insects rely on flowering plants, one way to conserve and promote pollinator populations is to protect high-quality habitat. We analyzed the structure of insect-flower interactions from multiple habitat categories in a large database of interactions from Ireland. Our primary goals were to compare spatial and temporal variation in Irish network structures, compare Irish networks to published networks from other countries, and provide evidence-based recommendations for pollinator conservation in Ireland by identifying well-visited plant species that may promote high pollinator diversity, abundance, and functional complementarity. Habitat types within Ireland differed substantially: seminatural grasslands had the highest pollinator species richness and largest number of unique pollinator species, while intensively managed habitats exhibited negative asymmetry (more plant than pollinator species). This negative asymmetry is notable because most plant-pollinator networks exhibit a positive asymmetry. Within intensively managed habitats, agricultural and urban habitats differed. Urban habitats had the highest number of non-native plant species while agricultural habitats had the lowest pollinator species richness. We also found Irish networks varied across the growing season, where July had the highest plant and insect species richness. When comparing Irish networks to published networks from other countries, we found Irish networks had a higher ratio of plant species to pollinator species, and that this difference was most evident in agricultural habitats. This ratio means the typical network asymmetry (more pollinator than plant species) was flipped (more plant than pollinator species) in the Irish network. We conclude that conserving seminatural grasslands in Ireland will be an essential component of pollinator conservation and identify thirty-five plant species important for restoring seminatural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Russo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
- Botany DepartmentTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | | | - Michelle Larkin
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural SciencesRyan Institute, National University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Sarah Mullen
- Botany DepartmentTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - Eileen Power
- Botany DepartmentTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - Dara Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Cian White
- Botany DepartmentTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | | | - Jane C. Stout
- Botany DepartmentTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
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9
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González del Portillo D, Arroyo B, Morales MB. The adequacy of alfalfa crops as an Agri-Environmental Scheme: a review of agronomic benefits and effects on biodiversity. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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10
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White CD, Collier MJ, Stout JC. Anthropogenic Induced Beta Diversity in Plant–Pollinator Networks: Dissimilarity, Turnover, and Predictive Power. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.806615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogeography has traditionally focused on the distribution of species, while community ecology has sought to explain the patterns of community composition. Species interactions networks have rarely been subjected to such analyses, as modeling tools have only recently been developed for interaction networks. Here, we examine beta diversity of ecological networks using pollination networks sampled along an urbanization and agricultural intensification gradient in east Leinster, Ireland. We show, for the first time, that anthropogenic gradients structure interaction networks, and exert greater structuring force than geographical proximity. We further showed that species turnover, especially of plants, is the major driver of interaction turnover, and that this contribution increased with anthropogenic induced environmental dissimilarity, but not spatial distance. Finally, to explore the extent to which it is possible to predict each of the components of interaction turnover, we compared the predictive performance of models that included site characteristics and interaction properties to models that contained species level effects. We show that if we are to accurately predict interaction turnover, data are required on the species-specific responses to environmental gradients. This study highlights the importance of anthropogenic disturbances when considering the biogeography of interaction networks, especially in human dominated landscapes where geographical effects can be secondary sources of variation. Yet, to build a predictive science of the biogeography of interaction networks, further species-specific responses need to be incorporated into interaction distribution modeling approaches.
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11
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Conservation value of vanilla agroecosystems for vertebrate diversity in north-east Madagascar. ORYX 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605321001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
As a result of increasing global demand for food, large areas of natural habitat are being converted to agroecosystems to accommodate crop cultivation. This agricultural expansion is most prominent in the tropics, where many rural communities are dependent solely on farming income for their livelihoods. Such agricultural land conversion can have severe implications for local fauna. In this study, we compared vertebrate species diversity between natural forest habitat and three types of vanilla plantations maintained under varying management regimes in north-east Madagascar. We used diurnal and nocturnal transects to survey vertebrate diversity. Natural forest habitat contained the greatest vertebrate species diversity, and had proportionally more threatened and endemic species than all vanilla plantation types. However, we observed a greater number of species and a higher inverse Simpson index in minimally managed vanilla plantations located within or near natural forest compared to intensively managed vanilla plantations. These findings are important and encouraging for animal conservation and sustainable crop cultivation in Madagascar, and suggest that newly created vanilla plantations, and already existing plantations, should endeavour to follow the more traditional, minimalistic management approach to improve sustainability and promote higher faunal diversity.
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12
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Staggenborg J, Anthes N. Long‐term fallows rate best among agri‐environment scheme effects on farmland birds—A meta‐analysis. Conserv Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Anthes
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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13
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Morales‐Márquez J, Meloni F. Soil fauna and its potential use in the ecological restoration of dryland ecosystems. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Morales‐Márquez
- Ecological World for Life. Environmental Management. Calle Castelló 23, segundo izquierda 28001 Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Meloni
- Department of Physics, FFCLRP University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes 3900 Ribeirão Preto Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sistemas Complexos (INCT‐SC), Dr. Xavier Sigaud ‐ 150 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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14
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Nitrogen Budget and Statistical Entropy Analysis of the Tiber River Catchment, a Highly Anthropized Environment. SOIL SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems6010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Modern farming causes a decline in the recycling of the soil’s inorganic matter due to losses by leaching, runoff, or infiltration into the groundwater. The Soil System Budget approach was applied to evaluate the net N budget at the catchment and sub-catchment levels of the Tiber River (central Italy) in order to establish the causes for different N budgets among the sub-catchments. Statistical Entropy Analysis (SEA) was used to evaluate the N efficiency of the Tiber River and its sub-catchments, providing information on the dispersion of different N forms in the environment. The total N inputs exceeded the total outputs, showing a low N retention (15.8%) at the catchment level, although some sub-catchments showed higher N retention values. The Utilized Agricultural Area was important in the determination of the N balance, as it was linked to zoo- and agricultural activities, although the Random Forest analysis showed that the importance ranking changed with the land use. The low N retention of the Tiber catchment was due to the soil characteristics (Cambisols and Leptosols), loads from atmospheric deposition, biological fixation, and the livestock industry. The SEA simulations showed a reduction of the N released into the atmosphere and groundwater compartments from 34% to 6% through a reduction of the N loads by 50%.
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16
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Sidemo‐Holm W, Carrié R, Ekroos J, Lindström SAM, Smith HG. Reduced crop density increases floral resources to pollinators without affecting crop yield in organic and conventional fields. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Romain Carrié
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research Lund University Lund Sweden
| | | | - Henrik G. Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity and Conservation Science Lund University Lund Sweden
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17
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Wayman JP, Sadler JP, Pugh TAM, Martin TE, Tobias JA, Matthews TJ. Identifying the Drivers of Spatial Taxonomic and Functional Beta-Diversity of British Breeding Birds. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.620062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial variation in community composition may be driven by a variety of processes, including environmental filtering and dispersal limitation. While work has been conducted on the relative importance of these processes on various taxa and at varying resolutions, tests using high-resolution empirical data across large spatial extents are sparse. Here, we use a dataset on the presence/absence of breeding bird species collected at the 10 km × 10 km scale across the whole of Britain. Pairwise spatial taxonomic and functional beta diversity, and the constituent components of each (turnover and nestedness/richness loss or gain), were calculated alongside two other measures of functional change (mean nearest taxon distance and mean pairwise distance). Predictor variables included climate and land use measures, as well as a measure of elevation, human influence, and habitat diversity. Generalized dissimilarity modeling was used to analyze the contribution of each predictor variable to variation in the different beta diversity metrics. Overall, we found that there was a moderate and unique proportion of the variance explained by geographical distance per se, which could highlight the role of dispersal limitation in community dissimilarity. Climate, land use, and human influence all also contributed to the observed patterns, but a large proportion of the explained variance in beta diversity was shared between these variables and geographical distance. However, both taxonomic nestedness and functional nestedness were uniquely predicted by a combination of land use, human influence, elevation, and climate variables, indicating a key role for environmental filtering. These findings may have important conservation implications in the face of a warming climate and future land use change.
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Schumacher M, Dieterich M, Gerhards R. Effects of weed biodiversity on the ecosystem service of weed seed predation along a farming intensity gradient. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Grassland Management Affects Vegetation Structure, Bats and Their Beetle Prey. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural grasslands provide vital habitats for many species. Yet despite representing a significant proportion of European land use, they are disproportionately understudied compared to arable systems. Increases in productivity and intensification have led to changes in management practices, which are likely to affect grassland habitats and the ecological communities that they support. This study simultaneously monitored three trophic levels to assess the impacts of permanent versus temporary pasture (leys) on vegetation composition, carabid and dung beetle abundance, and the activity of beetle-feeding bats. Leys had lower abundances of soil-inhabiting dung beetles, which may be explained by the more recent exposure to tilling compared with permanent pasture. Beetle-feeding bat activity was also greater in leys, with positive relationships between E. serotinus activity and Onthophagus abundance across both pasture types. However, the lack of any positive relationships between beetle-feeding bat activity and Aphodius, a well-known prey genus, suggests that other key prey orders (Lepidoptera) may be of more influence on bat activity. As well as the management of pasture, differences in cattle management between pasture types can have a significant impact on vegetation and soil structure, which influence invertebrate communities and potentially dictate habitat suitability for bats.
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Evaluation of the Objectives and Concerns of Farmers to Apply Different Agricultural Managements in Olive Groves: The Case of Estepa Region (Southern, Spain). LAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/land9100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Olive groves are representative of the landscape and culture of Spain. They occupy 2.5 M ha (1.5 M ha in Andalusia) and are characterised by their multifunctionality. In recent years, socio-economic and environmental factors (i.e., erosion) have compromised their sustainability, leading farmers to abandon their farms or intensify their management. The main objective/purpose of this research was to study the drivers and concerns that condition farmers’ choice of a given olive grove management model. Taking the Estepa region as a case study (Andalusia, Spain), surveys were conducted among farmers with integrated and organic managed olive groves. The socio-economic aspects were the main objectives and concerns of the farmers with integrated olive groves. In the case of farmers with organic management, conservation objectives prevailed, and their concerns were oriented to environmental threats. The education level was a key factor in the adoption of given farm management, as it increased the level of environmental awareness. In the context of multifunctional agriculture, it would be desirable to increase this awareness of the environmental threats against olive groves, in order to provide incentives for the implementation of agri-environmental practices that would enhance the sustainability of these systems.
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Roy L, Taudière A, Papaïx J, Blatrix R, Chiron G, Zriki G, Bonato O, Barnagaud JY. Evaluating the link between predation and pest control services in the mite world. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9968-9980. [PMID: 33005357 PMCID: PMC7520221 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pest regulation by natural enemies has a strong potential to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides in agroecosystems. However, the effective role of predation as an ecosystem service remains largely speculative, especially with minute organisms such as mites.Predatory mites are natural enemies for ectoparasites in livestock farms. We tested for an ecosystem level control of the poultry pest Dermanyssus gallinae by other mites naturally present in manure in poultry farms and investigated differences among farming practices (conventional, free-range, and organic).We used a multiscale approach involving (a) in vitro behavioral predation experiments, (b) arthropod inventories in henhouses with airborne DNA, and (c) a statistical model of covariations in mite abundances comparing farming practices.Behavioral experiments revealed that three mites are prone to feed on D. gallinae. Accordingly, we observed covariations between the pest and these three taxa only, in airborne DNA at the henhouse level, and in mites sampled from manure. In most situations, covariations in abundances were high in magnitude and their sign was positive.Predation on a pest happens naturally in livestock farms due to predatory mites. However, the complex dynamics of mite trophic network prevents the emergence of a consistent assemblage-level signal of predation. Based on these results, we suggest perspectives for mite-based pest control and warn against any possible disruption of ignored services through the application of veterinary drugs or pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Roy
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE, IRD Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Adrien Taudière
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE, IRD Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | | | - Rumsais Blatrix
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE, IRD Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Geoffrey Chiron
- Institut Technique de l'AVIculture (ITAVI) Lyon Lyon Cedex 07 France
| | - Ghais Zriki
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE, IRD Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Olivier Bonato
- Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (IPME) IRD Cirad, UM Montpellier France
| | - Jean-Yves Barnagaud
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE-PSL University IRD Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
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Carmona CP, Guerrero I, Peco B, Morales MB, Oñate JJ, Pärt T, Tscharntke T, Liira J, Aavik T, Emmerson M, Berendse F, Ceryngier P, Bretagnolle V, Weisser WW, Bengtsson J. Agriculture intensification reduces plant taxonomic and functional diversity across European arable systems. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P. Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Irene Guerrero
- INEA Agricultural Engineering School Comillas Pontifical University Valladolid Spain
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG) Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global Change Autónoma University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel B. Morales
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG) Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global Change Autónoma University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Juan J. Oñate
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG) Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global Change Autónoma University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Tomas Pärt
- Department of Ecology The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Jaan Liira
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Tsipe Aavik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Mark Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food Security Belfast UK
| | - Frank Berendse
- Department of Environmental Sciences Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Ceryngier
- Institute of Biological Sciences Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University Warsaw Poland
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS and Université La Rochelle Beauvoir‐sur‐Niort France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre” CNRS Beauvoir sur Niort France
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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Lane IG, Herron‐Sweet CR, Portman ZM, Cariveau DP. Floral resource diversity drives bee community diversity in prairie restorations along an agricultural landscape gradient. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian G. Lane
- Department of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
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25
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Ghosh D, Basu P. Factors influencing herpetofauna abundance and diversity in a tropical agricultural landscape mosaic. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Li P, Kleijn D, Badenhausser I, Zaragoza‐Trello C, Gross N, Raemakers I, Scheper J. The relative importance of green infrastructure as refuge habitat for pollinators increases with local land‐use intensity. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyao Li
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Badenhausser
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé Université de La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
- LTSER "ZA Plaine & Val de Sèvre" CNRS Villiers en Bois France
- Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies Plantes Fourragères INRA Lusignan France
| | | | - Nicolas Gross
- Unité de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial INRA Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Ivo Raemakers
- Independent Amateur Entomologist Maarheeze The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Scheper
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
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Chase JM, Jeliazkov A, Ladouceur E, Viana DS. Biodiversity conservation through the lens of metacommunity ecology. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1469:86-104. [PMID: 32406120 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metacommunity ecology combines local (e.g., environmental filtering and biotic interactions) and regional (e.g., dispersal and heterogeneity) processes to understand patterns of species abundance, occurrence, composition, and diversity across scales of space and time. As such, it has a great potential to generalize and synthesize our understanding of many ecological problems. Here, we give an overview of how a metacommunity perspective can provide useful insights for conservation biology, which aims to understand and mitigate the effects of anthropogenic drivers that decrease population sizes, increase extinction probabilities, and threaten biodiversity. We review four general metacommunity processes-environmental filtering, biotic interactions, dispersal, and ecological drift-and discuss how key anthropogenic drivers (e.g., habitat loss and fragmentation, and nonnative species) can alter these processes. We next describe how the patterns of interest in metacommunities (abundance, occupancy, and diversity) map onto issues at the heart of conservation biology, and describe cases where conservation biology benefits by taking a scale-explicit metacommunity perspective. We conclude with some ways forward for including metacommunity perspectives into ideas of ecosystem functioning and services, as well as approaches to habitat management, preservation, and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Alienor Jeliazkov
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Emma Ladouceur
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Duarte S Viana
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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van Schalkwyk J, Pryke JS, Samways MJ, Gaigher R. Spillover of terrestrial arthropod species and beta diversity in perennial crops relative to spatial scale of land‐use intensity. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia van Schalkwyk
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - James S. Pryke
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - Michael J. Samways
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - René Gaigher
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
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Kamiński P, Jerzak L, Kasprzak M, Kartanas E, Bocheński M, Hromada M, Baszyński J, Kozera W, Woźniak A, Ulrich W. Do agricultural environments increase the reproductive success of White Stork Ciconia ciconia populations in South-Western Poland? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:134503. [PMID: 31726342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As populations of White Stork Ciconia ciconia have decreased at different rates in Europe, the specific environmental drivers that influence breeding success are a matter of controversy. Here we use body size, blood, and environmental data of a total of 1226 stork nestlings of different ages from a total of 363 nests in three different habitats (meadows, forest-edges, open agricultural landscapes) in S-W Poland to ask whether: 1) natural grassland environments increase the reproductive output in comparison with agricultural landscapes, 2) nestlings from agricultural landscapes differ in health status from nestlings in more natural habitats, 3) differences in environmental stress translate into respective differences in reproductive output and health status of nestlings. There was no significant difference in age corrected body mass and in the temporal increase in nestling mass between the study sites. Clutch sizes were highest and age corrected total clutch mass lowest at the meadow sites while agricultural and woodland sites did not significantly differ. Hemoglobin and red blood cell content were lowest and white blood cell and blood antioxidant concentrations were highest in the meadows indicating higher degrees of environmental stressors. These blood parameters varied strongly among study years. Our study does not confirm that agricultural landscapes are less suited for stork breeding success. We even find some indication of a better health status of nestlings in agricultural environments that might compensate smaller clutch sizes. Our data indicate that reproductive output is multifaceted. As we found some indication of a trade-off between clutch size and health status we argue that only multiple metrics of reproductive success are able to assess the long-term effect of habitat choice on fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kamiński
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Leszek Jerzak
- University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Nature Protection and Biodiversity, Prof. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Kasprzak
- University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Edmund Kartanas
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Marcin Bocheński
- University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Nature Protection and Biodiversity, Prof. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Martin Hromada
- University of Prešov, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Laboratory and Museum of Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Ecology, 17. novembra 1, SK-081 16 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Jędrzej Baszyński
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kozera
- University of Technology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Seminaryjna St. 5, PL 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Karłowicz St. 24, PL 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Werner Ulrich
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Otieno NE, Jacobs SM, Pryke JS. Maize‐field complexity and farming system influence insectivorous birds’ contribution to arthropod herbivore regulation. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nickson E. Otieno
- Zoology Department National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University, Matieland Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Shayne M. Jacobs
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University, Matieland Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - James S. Pryke
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University, Matieland Stellenbosch South Africa
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Hending D, Andrianiaina A, Maxfield P, Rakotomalala Z, Cotton S. Floral species richness, structural diversity and conservation value of vanilla agroecosystems in Madagascar. Afr J Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hending
- Department of Field Conservation & Science Bristol Zoological Society Bristol UK
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Angelo Andrianiaina
- Mention: Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale Université d'Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Pete Maxfield
- Department of Applied Sciences University of the West of England Bristol UK
| | | | - Sam Cotton
- Department of Field Conservation & Science Bristol Zoological Society Bristol UK
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Floristic Biodiversity of Weed Communities in Arable Lands of Istria Peninsula (From 2005 to 2017). EKOLÓGIA (BRATISLAVA) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/eko-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This paper analyses the floristic biodiversity of weed communities in the arable lands of the Istrian peninsula during a twelve year period (2005–2017). A total of 50 fields were surveyed for each sampling time using the seven-degree Braun-Blanquet cover abundance scale in the following agricultural categories: a) permanent crops (vineyards/olive groves), b) alfalfa fields, c) cereals, d) row crops and e) ruderal areas. The taxonomic identification was performed during the full development of vegetation, for cereals in June and July, and for the rest – in August and September. A total of 175 weed species were determined during both study periods with Asteraceae and Poaceae families as the most abundant. Altogether, therophytes were dominant in both surveys, followed by hemycryptophytes and geophytes. Variations in species composition were visible in both study periods (2005 and 2017) as well as in the selected habitat types. Exclusive species were found in addition to those that were common for both surveys. Changes in species composition between 2005 and 2017 referred to the difference in row spacing in earlier period, and ruderal vs. agricultural habitats in the recent survey. The differences in phenological traits between the past and present surveys were greatest for germination season in permanent crops and row crops, flowering start for permanent crops, flowering period for ruderal area and weed height for permanent crops. Significant differences between the past and present survey for other plant traits did not occur.
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Effects of Land Cover Pattern Along Urban-Rural Gradient on Bird Diversity in Wetlands. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wetlands play an important role in the feeding, breeding, and lives of birds. However, available habitats for bird species are changing due to intensifying human activity, especially in the context of China’s mass urbanization. Urban sprawl has taken over the wetlands along the lakes in the past decades, which places tremendous pressure on wetland ecosystems and, therefore, on bird communities. However, the ways urban land cover pattern along the urban-rural gradient affects bird communities is still unclear. To investigate the influence of land cover pattern on the α and β diversity of birds in the urban-rural gradient we chose 31 sites distributed within the wetlands around the Dianchi Lake in Yunnan, China. We calculated the species richness to indicate α diversity and used the Morisita–Horn index to indicate β diversity. Meanwhile, we assessed the land cover pattern of each site by measuring the proportion of emergent plants, floating plants, submerged plants, ponds, forests, lawns, roads, agricultural lands and built lands in a quadrat of 1 square kilometer. Simple linear regressions, model selection, and an averaging approach based on corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) were used to test the effects of land cover pattern on bird diversity. Using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD (honestly significant difference) test, we compared the difference between α and β diversity, respectively, along the urban-rural gradient. Based on our analyses, urban and suburban wetland birds were significantly homogeneous. The community structure in rural wetlands, however, was significantly different from that of the suburban and urban areas. According to our research, the land cover patterns that influenced bird species richness were the built lands acreage, submerged plants acreage, ponds acreage, and the edge density of emergent plants. Meanwhile, of these variables, the built lands acreage, ponds acreage and edge density of emergent plants were significantly different in urban, suburban, and rural wetlands. Therefore, to maintain high biodiversity in wetlands affected by urbanization, we must pay more attention to the land cover patterns.
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Blouin D, Pellerin S, Poulin M. Increase in non-native species richness leads to biotic homogenization in vacant lots of a highly urbanized landscape. Urban Ecosyst 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-019-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grass I, Loos J, Baensch S, Batáry P, Librán‐Embid F, Ficiciyan A, Klaus F, Riechers M, Rosa J, Tiede J, Udy K, Westphal C, Wurz A, Tscharntke T. Land‐sharing/‐sparing connectivity landscapes for ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grass
- University of Goettingen, Agroecology Göttingen Germany
| | - Jacqueline Loos
- University of Goettingen, Agroecology Göttingen Germany
- Leuphana University, Institute of Ecology Lueneburg Germany
| | - Svenja Baensch
- University of Goettingen, Agroecology Göttingen Germany
- University of Goettingen, Functional Agrobiodiversity Göttingen Germany
| | - Péter Batáry
- University of Goettingen, Agroecology Göttingen Germany
- MTA ÖK Landscape and Conservation Ecology Research Group Vácrátót Hungary
| | | | | | - Felix Klaus
- University of Goettingen, Agroecology Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Julia Rosa
- University of Goettingen, Agroecology Göttingen Germany
| | - Julia Tiede
- University of Muenster, Animal Ecology and Multitrophic Interactions, Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany
| | - Kristy Udy
- University of Goettingen, Agroecology Göttingen Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- University of Goettingen, Agroecology Göttingen Germany
- University of Goettingen, Functional Agrobiodiversity Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL) University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Teja Tscharntke
- University of Goettingen, Agroecology Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL) University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
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36
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The Role of Cultural Landscapes in the Delivery of Provisioning Ecosystem Services in Protected Areas. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11092471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess and highlight the significance of cultural landscapes in protected areas, considering both biodiversity and the delivery of provisioning ecosystem services. In order to do that, we analyzed 26 protected areas in Andalusia (Spain), all of them Natural or National Parks, regarding some of their ecosystem services (agriculture, livestock grazing, microclimate regulation, environmental education and tourism) and diversity of the four terrestrial vertebrate classes: amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. A cluster analysis was also run in order to group the 26 protected areas according to their dominant landscape. The results show that protected areas dominated by dehesa (a heterogeneous system containing different states of ecological maturity), or having strong presence of olive groves, present a larger area of delivery of provisioning ecosystem services, on average. These cultural landscapes play an essential role not only for biodiversity conservation but also as providers of provisioning ecosystem services.
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Transferring biodiversity-ecosystem function research to the management of ‘real-world’ ecosystems. ADV ECOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Ecological networks reveal resilience of agro-ecosystems to changes in farming management. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 3:260-264. [PMID: 30598528 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable management of ecosystems and growth in agricultural productivity is at the heart of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. New management regimes could revolutionize agricultural production, but require an evaluation of the risks and opportunities. Replacing existing conventional weed management with genetically modified, herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops, for example, might reduce herbicide applications and increase crop yields, but remains controversial owing to concerns about potential impacts on biodiversity. Until now, such new regimes have been assessed at the species or assemblage level, whereas higher-level ecological network effects remain largely unconsidered. Here, we conduct a large-scale network analysis of invertebrate communities across 502 UK farm sites to GMHT management in different crop types. We find that network-level properties were overwhelmingly shaped by crop type, whereas network structure and robustness were apparently unaltered by GMHT management. This suggests that taxon-specific effects reported previously did not escalate into higher-level systemic structural change in the wider agricultural ecosystem. Our study highlights current limitations of autecological assessments of effect in agriculture in which species interactions and potential compensatory effects are overlooked. We advocate adopting the more holistic system-level evaluations that we explore here, which complement existing assessments for meeting our future agricultural needs.
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Sambhu H, Nankishore A, Turton SM, Northfield TD. Trade-offs for butterfly alpha and beta diversity in human-modified landscapes and tropical rainforests. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12918-12928. [PMID: 30619593 PMCID: PMC6309007 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The accelerating expansion of human populations and associated economic activity across the globe have made maintaining large, intact natural areas increasingly challenging. The difficulty of preserving large intact landscapes in the presence of growing human populations has led to a growing emphasis on landscape approaches to biodiversity conservation with a complementary strategy focused on improving conservation in human-modified landscapes. This, in turn, is leading to intense debate about the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation in human-modified landscapes and approaches to better support biodiversity in those landscapes. Here, we compared butterfly abundance, alpha richness, and beta diversity in human-modified landscapes (urban, sugarcane) and natural, forested areas to assess the conservation value of human-modified landscapes within the Wet Tropics bioregion of Australia. We used fruit-baited traps to sample butterflies and analyzed abundance and species richness in respective land uses over a one-year period. We also evaluated turnover and spatial variance components of beta diversity to determine the extent of change in temporal and spatial variation in community composition. Forests supported the largest numbers of butterflies, but were lowest in each, alpha species richness, beta turnover, and the spatial beta diversity. Sugarcane supported higher species richness, demonstrating the potential for conservation at local scales in human-modified landscapes. In contrast, beta diversity was highest in urban areas, likely driven by spatial and temporal variation in plant composition within the urban landscapes. Thus, while improving conservation on human-modified landscapes may improve local alpha richness, conserving variation in natural vegetation is critical for maintaining high beta diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemchandranauth Sambhu
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversitySmithfieldQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of Guyana, TurkeyenGreater GeorgetownGuyana
| | | | | | - Tobin D. Northfield
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversitySmithfieldQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension CenterWashington State UniversityWenatcheeWashington
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Franks SE, Roodbergen M, Teunissen W, Carrington Cotton A, Pearce‐Higgins JW. Evaluating the effectiveness of conservation measures for European grassland-breeding waders. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:10555-10568. [PMID: 30464827 PMCID: PMC6238142 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Farmland birds are among the most threatened bird species in Europe, largely as a result of agricultural intensification which has driven widespread biodiversity losses. Breeding waders associated with grassland and arable habitats are particularly vulnerable and a frequent focus of agri-environment schemes (AES) designed to halt and reverse population declines. We review existing literature, providing a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of policy and management interventions used throughout Europe to improve population and demographic metrics of grassland-breeding waders. Targeted AES and site protection measures were more likely to be effective than less targeted AES and were ten times more likely to be effective than would be expected by chance, particularly for population trend and productivity metrics. Positive effects of AES and site protection did not appear synergistic. Management interventions which had the greatest chance of increasing population growth or productivity included modification of mowing regimes, increasing wet conditions, and the use of nest protection. Success rates varied according to the species and metric being evaluated. None of the policy or management interventions we evaluated were associated with a significant risk of negative impacts on breeding waders. Our findings support the use of agri-environment schemes, site protection, and management measures for grassland-breeding wader conservation in Europe. Due to publication bias, our findings are most applicable to intensively managed agricultural landscapes. More studies are needed to identify measures that increase chick survival. Despite broadly effective conservation measures already in use, grassland-breeding waders in Europe continue to decline. More research is needed to improve the likelihood and magnitude of positive outcomes, coupled with wider implementation of effective measures to substantially increase favorable land management for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Roodbergen
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field OrnithologyNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Wolf Teunissen
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field OrnithologyNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - James W. Pearce‐Higgins
- British Trust for OrnithologyThetfordUK
- Conservation Science Group, Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Boone MD. An amphibian with a contracting range is not more vulnerable to pesticides in outdoor experimental communities than common species. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2699-2704. [PMID: 30035389 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In areas with heavy pesticide use, it is easy to attribute population declines to environmental contamination. The Blanchard's cricket frogs (Acris blanchardi) is an amphibian experiencing declines and range contractions across its distribution in the Midwest Corn Belt (USA). Experimental studies suggest that cricket frogs are sensitive to pesticides, but there are few studies examining this species' susceptibility to contaminants in realistic environments or comparing relative impacts with other anuran species. I reared 3 summer breeding anurans in outdoor mesocosms posthatching through metamorphosis to examine the effects of 2 insecticides (imidacloprid and carbaryl) and 1 herbicide (glyphosate with polyoxyethylene tallow amine) on larval development and metamorphosis. Cricket frogs were positively affected by insecticide exposure, likely a result of changes in the food web that increased food abundance. However, metamorphosis of green frogs (Lithobates clamitans) and gray tree frogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) appeared unaffected by pesticide exposure. The results of the present study suggest that the impacts of pesticides alone are unlikely to have population-level impacts for the anurans examined. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2699-2704. © 2018 SETAC.
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Uchida K, Koyanagi TF, Matsumura T, Koyama A. Patterns of plant diversity loss and species turnover resulting from land abandonment and intensification in semi-natural grasslands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 218:622-629. [PMID: 29715671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Land-use changes cause biodiversity loss in semi-natural ecosystems worldwide. Biotic homogenization has led to biodiversity loss, mainly through declines in species composition turnover. Elucidating patterns of turnover in species composition could enhance our understanding of how anthropogenic activities affect community assembly. Here, we focused on whether the decreasing patterns in plant diversity and turnover of species composition resulting from land-use change vary in two regions. We estimated the species diversity and composition of semi-natural grasslands surrounding paddy fields in satoyama landscapes. We examined the differences in species diversity and composition across three land-use types (abandoned, traditional, and intensified) in two regions (Hyogo and Niigata Prefectures, Japan), which were characterized by different climatic conditions. We then assessed alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity to compare the patterns of diversity losses in the two regions as a result of land-use changes. In each region, gamma-diversity was consistently higher in the traditional sites compared to abandoned or intensified sites. The analyses revealed that most of the beta-diversity in traditional sites differed significantly from those of abandoned and intensified sites in both regions. However, the beta-diversity of total and perennial species did not differ between traditional and abandoned sites in the Hyogo region. We noted that the beta-diversity of total and perennial species in intensified sites was much lower than that in the traditional sites of the Niigata region. Overall, the patterns of alpha- and gamma-diversity loss were similar in both study regions. Although the biotic homogenization was caused by intensified land-use in the Niigata region, this hypothesis did not completely explain the loss of biodiversity in the abandoned sites in the Hyogo region. The present study contributes to the growing body of work investigating changes in biodiversity as a result of both biotic homogenization and differentiation in semi-natural ecosystems. Conservationists and policy makers should focus on patterns of species composition responded to land-use changes that continue to increase worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Uchida
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwa-dai, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo F Koyanagi
- Field Studies Institute for Environmental Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-0015, Japan.
| | - Toshikazu Matsumura
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23, Morikita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-0001, Japan.
| | - Asuka Koyama
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Midori-cho, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan.
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Thiele J, Schirmel J, Buchholz S. Effectiveness of corridors varies among phytosociological plant groups and dispersal syndromes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199980. [PMID: 29995916 PMCID: PMC6040708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In agricultural landscapes, semi-natural habitats are scarce and remaining habitat patches are largely isolated. However, linear landscape elements might facilitate dispersal of plant species through the agricultural landscape matrix. We investigated the following research questions: 1. are open linear landscape elements (LLE) effective corridors for dispersal of vascular plant species? 2. Which plant species, with respect to phytosociological group and dispersal-distance class, do use LLE as corridors? 3. To which extent is floristic similarity of communities influenced by dispersal through corridors? Field work was carried out in agricultural landscapes of Northwest Germany. We sampled 50 vegetation relevés on open linear landscape elements i.e. field margins (incl. road verges) and ditches, in eight 1-km2 study areas. Then, we calculated Jaccard similarities of all plot pairs within study areas using either all species or only species of certain phytosociological groups or dispersal-distance classes. We assessed the isolation of the plots from each other using both Euclidean distance and resistance distance along LLE. Resistance distance reflected the degree of connectivity of the LLE network between the plots. A stronger effect on Jaccard similarity of resistance distance compared to Euclidean distance would indicate corridor dispersal of plants through LLE. Relationships between Jaccard similarity and the two isolation measures were analysed with Generalised Linear Mixed Models. Resistance distance of LLE had a stronger negative effect on Jaccard similarity than Euclidean distance in field margins, but not in ditches. This was found for species of ‘meadows and pastures’ and short to medium dispersal distance. In plot pairs that were highly connected by LLE, the models suggested that roughly 20% of all species occurred in both plots due to dispersal through LLE. Other species groups did not respond more strongly to resistance distance than to Euclidean distance. We conclude that linear landscape elements in agricultural landscapes are effective corridors for dispersal of plant species that are confined to semi-natural habitats, such as traditional grasslands, and lack mechanisms of long-distance dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Thiele
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jens Schirmel
- Institute for Environmental Science, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Sascha Buchholz
- Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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Simião-Ferreira J, Nogueira DS, Santos AC, De Marco P, Angelini R. Multi-scale Homogenization of Caddisfly Metacomminities in Human-modified Landscapes. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 61:687-699. [PMID: 29404739 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The multiple scale of stream networks spatial organization reflects the hierarchical arrangement of streams habitats with increasingly levels of complexity from sub-catchments until entire hydrographic basins. Through these multiple spatial scales, local stream habitats form nested subsets of increasingly landscape scale and habitat size with varying contributions of both alpha and beta diversity for the regional diversity. Here, we aimed to test the relative importance of multiple nested hierarchical levels of spatial scales while determining alpha and beta diversity of caddisflies in regions with different levels of landscape degradation in a core Cerrado area in Brazil. We used quantitative environmental variables to test the hypothesis that landscape homogenization affects the contribution of alpha and beta diversity of caddisflies to regional diversity. We found that the contribution of alpha and beta diversity for gamma diversity varied according to landscape degradation. Sub-catchments with more intense agriculture had lower diversity at multiple levels, markedly alpha and beta diversities. We have also found that environmental predictors mainly associated with water quality, channel size, and habitat integrity (lower scores indicate stream degradation) were related to community dissimilarity at the catchment scale. For an effective management of the headwater biodiversity of caddisfly, towards the conservation of these catchments, heterogeneous streams with more pristine riparian vegetation found within the river basin need to be preserved in protected areas. Additionally, in the most degraded areas the restoration of riparian vegetation and size increase of protected areas will be needed to accomplish such effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Simião-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Ecológicas e Educação Científica, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, BR 153 n. 3105 Fazenda Barreiro do Meio Caixa Posta 459, Anápolis, GO, 75001-970, Brazil.
| | - Denis Silva Nogueira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso-IFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Anna Claudia Santos
- Laboratório de Processamento de Imagens e Geoprocessamento-LAPIG, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo De Marco
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Angelini
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Hending D, Andrianiaina A, Rakotomalala Z, Cotton S. The Use of Vanilla Plantations by Lemurs: Encouraging Findings for both Lemur Conservation and Sustainable Agroforestry in the Sava Region, Northeast Madagascar. INT J PRIMATOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-018-0022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zemko M, Petluš P, Petlušová V. Agricultural utilisation and potential suitability of the Sysľovské polia Special Protection Area (south-western Slovakia) landscape in relation to the habitat requirements of the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus). SLOVAK RAPTOR JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/srj-2017-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Intensification of land use in an agricultural landscape significantly affects biodiversity also in protected areas. This can be observed in the Sysľovské polia Special Protection Area in relation to the occurrence of the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus). The objective of this study was to evaluate the landscape structure and suitability of agrotechnical procedures for the habitat demands of this species in the course of the period from 2004 until 2017. The utilisation was assessed on the basis of four landscape elements representation in 1949 and 2017. The next step was analysis of landscape patches. The aim was to quantify the diversity and the spatial structure of the landscape mosaic using Shannon’s Diversity Index and Evenness Index as well as Simpson’s Diversity Index and Evenness Index and spatial pattern analysis in the Fragstats software programme. Assessment of crop suitability was carried out according to the following criteria: representation of positive/negative agricultural crops, diversity of crops in crop rotation, and (non-)observance of crop rotation. It was found that the agricultural landscape use did not change significantly. The study area has been used as an intensively-farmed agricultural landscape for a long time. The landscape elements have remained almost identical, with dominance of arable land. Differences emerged in the analysis of the micropatches, which are represented by natural hedgerows consisting of various species of trees, shrubs and grasses. The results show a decrease in the diversity of patches and changes in the structure of the landscape patches, which may be important in terms of the preservation of the habitat of fauna which form an important part of the F vespertinus diet. On the basis of the evaluation of the suitability of agricultural crop growing, we found that there were some areas showing negative values in all the criteria, and thus they require changes in the crop rotation focusing on increasing positive crop diversity and the share of grassland.
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Valtonen A, Hirka A, Szőcs L, Ayres MP, Roininen H, Csóka G. Long-term species loss and homogenization of moth communities in Central Europe. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:730-738. [PMID: 28423183 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As global biodiversity continues to decline steeply, it is becoming increasingly important to understand diversity patterns at local and regional scales. Changes in land use and climate, nitrogen deposition and invasive species are the most important threats to global biodiversity. Because land use changes tend to benefit a few species but impede many, the expected outcome is generally decreasing population sizes, decreasing species richness at local and regional scales, and increasing similarity of species compositions across sites (biotic homogenization). Homogenization can be also driven by invasive species or effects of soil eutrophication propagating to higher trophic levels. In contrast, in the absence of increasing aridity, climate warming is predicted to generally increase abundances and species richness of poikilotherms at local and regional scales. We tested these predictions with data from one of the few existing monitoring programmes on biodiversity in the world dating to the 1960s, where the abundance of 878 species of macro-moths have been measured daily at seven sites across Hungary. Our analyses revealed a dramatic rate of regional species loss and homogenization of community compositions across sites. Species with restricted distribution range, specialized diet or dry grassland habitat were more likely than others to disappear from the community. In global context, the contrasting effects of climate change and land use changes could explain why the predicted enriching effects from climate warming are not always realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Valtonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland.,Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Anikó Hirka
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Hegyalja 18, H-3232, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Levente Szőcs
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Hegyalja 18, H-3232, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Matthew P Ayres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Life Sciences Center, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Heikki Roininen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - György Csóka
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Hegyalja 18, H-3232, Mátrafüred, Hungary
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Santana J, Porto M, Reino L, Moreira F, Ribeiro PF, Santos JL, Rotenberry JT, Beja P. Using beta diversity to inform agricultural policies and conservation actions on Mediterranean farmland. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Santana
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão Rua Padre Armando Quintas 4485-601 Vairão Portugal
- CEABN/InBIO; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”; Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Miguel Porto
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão Rua Padre Armando Quintas 4485-601 Vairão Portugal
- CEABN/InBIO; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”; Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Luís Reino
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão Rua Padre Armando Quintas 4485-601 Vairão Portugal
- CEABN/InBIO; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”; Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Francisco Moreira
- CEABN/InBIO; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”; Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
- REN Biodiversity Chair; CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 4485-601 Vairão Portugal
| | - Paulo Flores Ribeiro
- CEF; Centro de Estudos Florestais; Instituto Superior de Agronomia; Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - José Lima Santos
- CEF; Centro de Estudos Florestais; Instituto Superior de Agronomia; Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - John T. Rotenberry
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; University of Minnesota; Saint Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Pedro Beja
- CEABN/InBIO; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”; Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
- Cátedra EDP Biodiversidade; CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão Rua Padre Armando Quintas 4485-601 Vairão Portugal
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Abstract
AbstractEffective conservation of global species diversity requires a clear understanding of spatial scales that support overall diversity across broad scales. Abandonment of semi-natural grasslands has increased their fragmentation and decreased their areal extent. We quantified diversity patterns of plant communities in Japan across hierarchical scales to facilitate the development of an effective nationwide strategy for conserving species diversity in remnant semi-natural grasslands. We applied additive partitioning of plant species diversity, using a nested hierarchical design at three spatial scales (quadrat, grassland, and western and eastern regions of Japan) for three groups of plant species (all species, grassland species and national Red Listed species). We consistently found lower proportions of among-quadrats diversity, and higher proportions of among-grasslands diversity and between-regions diversity in the overall diversity of the entire species complement than would be expected by chance. The high contribution of among-grasslands diversity to overall diversity suggests that each grassland had a unique species content. The second-ranking contributor to overall diversity differed between grassland species and Red Listed species: the second-ranking contributor for grassland species was diversity at the among-quadrats scale but the second-ranking contributor for all species and for Red Listed species was diversity at the between-regions scale. Thus, effective conservation of diversity of the entire species complement in remnant semi-natural grasslands requires preservation of beta diversity in individual grasslands. Our findings highlight the importance of strengthening local preservation and restoration activities within each grassland, and of nationwide strategies for conserving Red Listed species in remnant semi-natural grassland communities.
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50
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Watson DM. Sampling effort determination in bird surveys: do current norms meet best-practice recommendations? WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/wr16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A critical design component of studies measuring diversity is sampling effort. Allocation of sampling effort dictates how many sites can be sampled within a particular time-frame or budget, as well as sample duration, frequency and intensity, thereby determining the resolution and reliability of emergent inferences. Conventional survey techniques use fixed-effort methods that assume invariant detectabilities among sites and species. Several approaches have been developed in the past decade that account for variable detectability by using alternative sampling methods or by adjusting standard counts before analysis, but it is unclear how widely adopted these techniques have been or how current bird surveying norms compare with best-practice recommendations. I conducted a systematic search of the primary literature to ascertain how sampling effort is determined, how much effort is devoted to sampling each site and how variation in detectability is dealt with. Of 225 empirical studies of bird diversity published between 2004 and 2016, five used results-based stopping rules (each derived independently), 54 used proportional sampling, and 159 (71%) used implicit effort-based stopping rules (fixed effort). Effort varied widely, but 61% of studies used samples of 10min or less and 62% of studies expended total effort per datum of 2h or less, with 78% providing no justification for sampling efforts used and just 15% explicitly accounting for estimated detectability. Given known variation in detectability, relying on short-duration fixed-effort approaches without validation or post hoc correction means that most bird diversity studies necessarily under-sample some sites and/or species. Having identified current bird surveying norms and highlighted their shortcomings, I provide five practical solutions to improve sampling effort determination, urging contributors and consumers of empirical ecological literature to consider survey data in terms of sample completeness.
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